CN105016817A - Flue-cured tobacco seedling growing nutrition fertilizer - Google Patents

Flue-cured tobacco seedling growing nutrition fertilizer Download PDF

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CN105016817A
CN105016817A CN201510433367.7A CN201510433367A CN105016817A CN 105016817 A CN105016817 A CN 105016817A CN 201510433367 A CN201510433367 A CN 201510433367A CN 105016817 A CN105016817 A CN 105016817A
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seedling
fertilizer
flue
tobacco seedling
cured tobacco
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CN105016817B (en
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肖艳松
黄国联
曹健
李宏光
许清孝
成军平
方明
钟权
龙甲林
匡传富
余金龙
彭良
于法辉
樊士军
欧阳祝仁
吴文信
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CHENZHOU Co Ltd OF HUNAN TOBACCO Co Ltd
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CHENZHOU Co Ltd OF HUNAN TOBACCO Co Ltd
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Abstract

The present invention discloses a flue-cured tobacco seedling growing nutrition fertilizer comprising the following specific components: 35-50% of nitrophosphate fertilizer, 10-15% of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 25-35% of potassium nitrate, 8-12% of calcium ammonium nitrate, 0.1-3% of magnesium sulfate, 0.05-0.1% of calcium chloride, 0.01-0.05% of ammonium molybdate, 0.05-0.1% of manganese sulfate, 0.1-0 .5% of EDTA zinc, 0.1-0.5% of EDTA copper, 0.1-0.5% of EDTA Fe, 0.01-0.05% of agricultural nitrate rare earth, and 0.1-0.5% of boric acid, N: P2O5: K2O ratio is 1.8-2: 0.8-1: 1.8-2, and nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen ratio is 5-7: 5-3. First, a variety of fertilizer sources are selected according to tobacco seedling growing demands and production requirements for preparation into a nutrient solution water agent or preparation into a powder agent. Tobaccos cultivated by the flue-cured tobacco seedling growing nutrition fertilizer are thick in stems, green in leaves and more in roots, and high in tobacco seedling development rate, tobacco seedling development quality can be effectively improved, and seedling development term and seedling term are shortened.

Description

A kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutritious fertilizer.
Background technology
Nursery is the primary link of tobacco leaf production, cultivate seedling in good time, abundant amount, neat healthy and strong cigarette seedling be obtain high-quality, suitablely to produce, efficient, the basis of low cost tobacco leaf.Along with the fast development of intensive seedling production, industrial seedling rearing and floating seedlings technology, the fertile effect in nurturing staff of grow seedling nutritional more and more comes into one's own.Grow seedling nutritional fertilizer is indispensable integral part in floating seedlings, is the main path that cigarette seedling obtains moisture and nutritive substance.At present, the kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer is a lot, nitrogenous source in nutrition fertilizer mainly contains nitric nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, and several form such as a small amount of organic nitrogen, nutrition fertilizer different nitrogen form proportioning is comparatively large on seedling growth and development impact, and the form of nutrition fertilizer, component, concentration directly decide the seedling quality of floating seedlings.
In recent years, the nutrition fertilizer of each producing region different ingredients also continues to bring out, and the drawback of some nutrition fertilizers also appears gradually, as: the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer utilization rate of fertilizer in some cigarette district, Chenzhou is low, and aqua formulation precipitates is more, and solubility property is poor; In some grow seedling nutritional fertilizer nitric nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen ratio inharmonious; The nutrient solution prescription of aqua is difficult to produce as pulvis, and distance Yuan Yan district transportation cost is high; Easily there is deficiency disease in cigarette seedling, cigarette seedling is lobus cardiacus jaundice in process of growth in length, and leaf look jaundice during seedling, cigarette seedling is small and weak, unhealthy and strong, has had a strong impact on the quality of cigarette seedling and the yield and quality of tobacco leaf.Therefore, improve grow seedling nutritional fertilizer formula, improve seedling quality, meet each producing region flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating needs, ensure tobacco leaf sustainable and healthy development, necessary.
Summary of the invention
For the deficiency of existing flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide a kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer formula, can for the production of aqua, can be used for again producing pulvis, in fertilizer, nitric nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen ratio are suitable for, and use that formula provided by the invention described nutrition fertilizer good water solubility, the cigarette seedling cane of turning out are thick, leaf look green and root system is many, and cigarette seedling is neatly healthy and strong, effectively can improve seedling quality, shorten the seedling time and go back the seedling time.
Technical scheme provided by the invention is a kind of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer, its concrete composition and proportioning are nitrophosphate fertilizer 35-50%, potassium primary phosphate 10-15%, saltpetre 25-35%, calcium ammonium nitrate 8-12%, magnesium sulfate 0.1-3%, calcium chloride 0.05-0.1%, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.05%, manganous sulfate 0.05-0.1%, EDTA zinc 0.1-0.5%, EDTA copper 0.1-0.5%, NaFeEDTA 0.1-0.5%, arsenic determination 0.01-0.05%, boric acid 0.1-0.5%, add up to 100%, wherein, N:P 2o 5: K 2o is than being 1.8-2:0.8-1:1.8-2, and the ratio of nitric nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 5-7:5-3.
The present inventor innovates the fertile concrete composition of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating and proportioning thereof, improves fertilizer efficiency, meets different main market players demand and tobacco seedling growth needs.
Described flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer, preferably, the per-cent that its composition and proportioning account in fertilizer is specific as follows: nitrophosphate fertilizer 44.06%, potassium primary phosphate 12.96%, saltpetre 30.84%, calcium ammonium nitrate 10.6%, magnesium sulfate 0.35%, calcium chloride 0.09%, ammonium molybdate 0.02%, manganous sulfate 0.08%, EDTA zinc 0.23%, EDTA copper 0.16%, NaFeEDTA 0.27%, arsenic determination 0.04%, boric acid 0.3%, N:P 2o 5: K 2o is than being 2:1:2, and the ratio of nitric nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 6:4.
Flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer of the present invention can be pulvis or aqua.
The present invention also provides described flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer to cultivate the method for Flue-cured Tobacco seedling, pulvis mu consumption 200-250g/ mu, point adds for 2 times, and first time, second time was the grand cross phase for after emerging.Specifically 3-5 days after emerging, first time adds nutritive medium, and consumption is 100-112.5g/ mu, and be watered after 10kg dissolves and add in nursery pond, keep depth of water 8-10cm in nursery pond, controlling nitrogen concentration in nursery pond is 150ppm; Grand cross phase four leaf wholeheartedly time second time add nutritive medium, consumption is with first time, and controlling nitrogen concentration in nursery pond is 250ppm.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
1, grow seedling nutritional of the present invention fertilizer i.e. aqua, may also be pulvis, that is, can meet the requirement that remote cigarette district controls fertilizer transportation cost, can meet again closely cigarette district to grow seedling nutritional rich water agent demand easy to use.
2, the fertile nitric nitrogen of grow seedling nutritional of the present invention and ammonium nitrogen ratio are suitable for, two kinds of form nitrogens are joined in right amount and are executed and can improve seedling quality, cultivate the root system that cigarette seedling is powerful, make up the deficiency singly executed, the problem that namely in fertilizer, the too high utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer of nitric nitrogen ratio is low and detecting ammonium nitrogen in fertilizer ratio is too high so that cigarette seedling ammonia poisoning problem.
3, after using nutrition fertilizer of the present invention, the cigarette seedling leaf look cultivated is green, cane is thick, root system is many, and the seedling rate of cigarette seedling is high, and become shorten seedling stage, seedling quality improves.
figure of description
Fig. 1: the solvability of new formula nutritional rich water agent is good, and sedimentable matter significantly reduces.
Fig. 2: the new formula nutritional of the present invention fertile T1, T2 group well developed root system in simultaneous test.
Fig. 3: in simultaneous test, the new formula nutritional of the present invention fertile T1, T2 group seedling quality successful is better than CK control group.
Embodiment
At Anren, Chenzhou Yan Qu, select at nursery workshop, respectively according to aqua and the pulvis of fertilizer production of the present invention, contrast with the grow seedling nutritional liquid that current cigarette district promotes the use of simultaneously and carried out nursery simultaneous test, to cigarette seedling each breeding time and economical character, and physiological and biochemical index has carried out observing record and detecting, and has carried out comparative analysis to seedling seedling quality.Comprehensive formula indoor simultaneous test, production base trial production, and flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating phase contrast test, show: grow seedling nutritional fertilizer can produce aqua, also can produce pulvis, aqua solubility property is good, and sedimentable matter significantly reduces; The present invention newly fill a prescription process cigarette seedling become seedling stage seedling quality and quality (economical character, biomass and physiological property index) better than the grow seedling nutritional liquid of existing use, the cigarette seedling cane that new formula grow seedling nutritional rich water agent and pulvis are cultivated is sturdy, root/shoot ratio is comparatively large, chlorophyll content is high, photosynthetic capacity is strong, improving activity of root system and nitrate reductase activity stronger, be conducive to shortening seedling raise period and cigarette seedling also seedling stage after transplanting, preferably resolve the problem that the present invention wants to solve.
Detailed description below by embodiment illustrates the present invention further, but is not limitation of the present invention, only does example explanation.
embodiment 1: formula indoor aqua solvability simultaneous test
Flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer of the present invention, the per-cent that its composition and proportioning account in fertilizer is specific as follows: nitrophosphate fertilizer 44.06%, potassium primary phosphate 12.96%, saltpetre 30.84%, calcium ammonium nitrate 10.6%, magnesium sulfate 0.35%, calcium chloride 0.09%, ammonium molybdate 0.02%, manganous sulfate 0.08%, EDTA zinc 0.23%, EDTA copper 0.16%, NaFeEDTA 0.27%, arsenic determination 0.04%, boric acid 0.3%, N:P 2o 5: K 2o is than being 2:1:2, and the ratio of nitric nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 6:4.By above-mentioned each composition in indoor laboratory according to formula rate, 1:4 ratio is watered and is dissolved into nutritive medium aqua, and sedimentable matter significantly reduces (see Fig. 1).
In addition, carried out small batch trial produce in the fertile production base of Shigaitang, BeiHu District, Chenzhou City, Hunan Province town nursery, pulvis can be used as and produce, also can be used as aqua and produce.
embodiment 2: test point, Anren, Chenzhou adopts the concrete performance of nursery simultaneous test of flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer of the present invention
1, test materials
Supply examination flue-cured tobacco cultivars to be cloud and mist 87, cigarette kind, seedling pan and seedling medium are commercially available, also can be provided by Chenzhou City tobacco company.
, test method
At camphor tree bridge nursery workshop, Anping town, Anren County, in sowing on December 8th, 2014, mu consumption 225 grams/acre, point secondary uses, and after emerging, 3-7 days first times added nutrition fertilizer; Grand cross phase (four leaves are wholeheartedly) second time adds nutrition fertilizer.Test design is as follows:
3, project and method is measured
Flue-cured tobacco to become that the stem measuring cigarette seedling seedling stage " YC/T 142-1998 tobacco economical character investigation method " is high, stem is thick, maximum leaf comes into leaves wide, over-ground part and the fresh dry weight of underground part cigarette strain and breeding time statistics.Get measuring blade physical signs seedling stage at one-tenth: adopt ethanol extraction method to measure chlorophyll content, adopt TTC method to measure the improving activity of root system of cigarette seedling, adopt live body method to measure nitrate reductase.
, results and analysis
4.1 different treatment cigarette seedling contrasts breeding time
Use cigarette seedling performance breeding time of Different Nutrition liquid as shown in Table 1; the cigarette seedling of Different Nutrition liquid process is being emerged and period that rough leaf occurs all is not being had difference; process T1 and process T2 little cross phase, grand cross phase and the seedling stage of one-tenth all comparatively contrast 1-3 days in advance, and between process T1 and process T2, difference is not remarkable; The cigarette seedling seedling Time transfer receiver of new nutrition fertilizer formula process was according to 2 days in advance.
Table 1 different treatment Yan Miao unit breeding time: the moon/day
Process Sowing time Seeding stage There is the date in true leaf The little cross phase The grand cross phase Become seedling stage
T1 December 8 December 18 December 23 January 2 January 31 March 8
T2 December 8 December 18 December 23 January 1 January 30 March 8
CK December 8 December 18 December 23 January 2 February 1 March 10
4.2 different treatment cigarette seedling economical characters compare
As shown in Table 2, little cross phase cigarette seedling is less, and between different treatment, stem is high, the thick indicator difference of stem little, and scope is respectively between 1.2-1.3mm, 1.1-1.2mm; Each process leaf look is light green, and growth is neat, and the process of main root pulvis is longer, and the radical pulvis process of one-level side is more.In general, the performance of each process cigarette seedling is all better, and difference is not obvious.
Table 2 different treatment cigarette seedling little cross phase economical character list position: mm, bar
Process Plant height Stem is thick Maximum leaf is long Maximum width of blade Leaf-area coefficient Leaf look Reguarity Main root is long One-level side radical
T1 1.2 1.1 24.3 15.2 234.36 Light green Neatly 32.1 5.6
T2 1.3 1.2 24.2 14.6 224.18 Light green Neatly 35.2 6.3
CK 1.2 1.2 23.1 15.6 228.65 Light green Neatly 33.4 5.2
as shown in Table 3, to economical character between grand cross phase different treatment and root system development status difference gradually obvious, T1 and T2 process plant height, stem slightly (diameter) are obviously greater than control treatment; In leaf-area coefficient and Ye Se, each process does not have difference; Long at main root, radical aspect, one two three grades of sides, T1 and T2 process is obviously better than control treatment, particularly on main root length, two or three grades of side radicals, reaches conspicuous level with control treatment difference.
Table 3 different treatment cigarette seedling grand cross phase economical character list position: mm, bar
as shown in Table 4, become economical character and root system development status difference between seedling stage different treatment more obvious.In plant height, stem are thick, T1 and T2 process is obviously better than control treatment; In leaf look, the cigarette seedling leaf look of T1 and T2 process is green, and the cigarette seedling leaf look of control treatment is light green; In root system development situation, the main root of T1 and T2 process is long respectively than long 1.7mm and 14.8mm of contrast, one-level side radical is respectively than many 2.2 and 5.1 of contrast, and secondary side radical is respectively than many 5.2 and 9.3 of contrast, and three grades of side radicals are respectively than many 1.8 and 2.5 of contrast.
Table 4 different treatment cigarette seedling becomes economical character list in seedling stage position: mm, bar
Process Plant height Stem is thick Maximum leaf is long Maximum width of blade Leaf-area coefficient Leaf look Reguarity Main root is long One-level side radical Secondary side radical Three grades of side radicals
T1 72.4 5.3 165.5 53.2 5586.52 Green Neatly 85.3 28.2 43.5 8.5
T2 76.8 5.6 174.3 63.1 6978.44 Green Neatly 98.4 35.5 47.6 9.2
CK 68.6 4.7 163.2 52.5 5436.40 Light green Neatly 83.6 30.4 38.3 6.7
Root system is the major organs that cigarette strain absorbs moisture, mineral nutrition, and the root system development situation of cigarette seedling and the power of coefficient activity determine the deliverability of cigarette seedling to mineral nutrition and the assimilated efficiency to nutritive element.Comprehensive different treatment cigarette seedling economical character and root system development situation, T1 and T2 process seedling quality is obviously better than control treatment, and the cigarette strain plant height of T1 and T2 process, diameter stem are greater than control treatment, leaf is more roomy, root system is more flourishing, and main root is long, and one two three grades of side radicals are more.
different treatment is on the impact of cigarette seedling biomass
The biomass accumulation situation of cigarette seedling, directly reflects the absorbing state of cigarette seedling to nutrient, and the number of cigarette seedling biomass accumulation is closely related with the quality of cigarette seedling quality.As shown in Table 5, T1 and T2 process individual plant over-ground part fresh weight improves 21.87%, 15.47% than contrast respectively; Individual plant root system fresh weight improves 28.81%, 27.12% than contrast respectively.In addition, the root/shoot ratio of T1 and T2 process is also greater than control treatment.Visible, one-tenth T1 in seedling stage and T2 process biomass accumulation more, improve root biomass and the root/shoot ratio in flue-cured tobacco seedling stage, be conducive to promoting that tobacco root system growth and nutritive substance are to the transport of over-ground part.
Table 5 different treatment is on the impact becoming cigarette seedling biomass in seedling stage
4.4 impacts on cigarette seedling pigment
Chlorophyll content is one of important indicator of reflection cigarette seedling physiological activity change, and its content has larger impact to cigarette seedling photosynthesis.As shown in Table 6, at grand cross phase T1 process chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll content, carotenoid content content apparently higher than contrast, T2 process is more or less the same with contrasting; Becoming seedling stage, T1 and T2 process chlorophyll content is all apparently higher than contrast, and in 0.05 level, T1, T2 process and contrast difference all reach conspicuous level (table 7).
Table 6 different ingredients flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer is on the impact (mg/g) of grand cross phase cigarette seedling pigment
Process Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll Carotenoid
T1 0.7216 0.1996 0.9212 0.2093
T2 0.6478 0.1894 0.8372 0.17439
CK 0.6324 0.1877 0.8201 0.1814
Table 7 different ingredients flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer is on the impact (mg/g) becoming cigarette seedling pigment in seedling stage
Process Chlorophyll a Chlorophyll b Chlorophyll Carotenoid
T1 0.8284 0.2538 1.0823 0.1993
T2 1.0731 0.3078 1.3809 0.2437
CK 0.7435 0.2245 0.9681 0.2044
4.5 different treatment are on the impact of cigarette shoot root vigor
Improving activity of root system is the overall target of reaction tobacco root system growth and development state, and the raising of cigarette strain improving activity of root system, to the increase of tobacco leaf photosynthetic intensity, chlorophyll content, weight per leaf, is of great significance.
As shown in Table 8, in the grand cross phase, the improving activity of root system of each process does not have the significance difference opposite sex in 0.05 level; Becoming seedling stage, the root activity of T1 and T2 process cigarette seedling is apparently higher than control treatment, and the root activity of T1 and T2 process cigarette seedling improves 35.17%, 76.29% than contrast respectively.
Table 8 different treatment is on the impact (mg/gh) of tobacco root system vigor
Test process The grand cross phase Become seedling stage
T1 0.6165 a 0.1022 b
T2 0.6399 a 0.1333 a
CK 0.5897 a 0.07563 c
Note: with medium and small female different expression 5% significant difference of writing of column data in table, lower same
4.6 different treatment are on the impact of cigarette seedling nitrate reductase
Nitrate reductase is a kind of inducible enzyme, is most important rate-limiting enzyme in nitrogen metabolism process, the height of nitrate reductase activity, the change of direct reaction tobacco reduction nitrogen ability.As shown in Table 9, in the grand cross phase, the nitrate reductase activity of each process does not have the significance difference opposite sex in 0.05 level; Process higher than other becoming the activity of new formula nutritional liquid (T1, T2) nitrate reductase in seedling stage.
Table 9 different treatment cigarette seedling nitrate reductase activity (ug/gh)
Test process The grand cross phase Become seedling stage
T1 70.9611 a 109.1998 b
T2 64.6064 a 134.1973 a
CK 60.3699 a 88.8071 c
4.7 respectively process the rear cigarette strain of transplanting delays growth of cereal crop seedlings condition
The table 10 different treatment cigarette seedling also growth of cereal crop seedlings condition moon-
Test process Transplanting time Also seedling stage Slow seedling number of days
T1 3.15 3.21 6
T2 3.15 3.21 6
CK 3.15 3.23 8
As can be seen from Table 10, T1 and T2 process obviously can shorten cigarette seedling also seedling number of days, shortens go back seedling number of days 2 days than control treatment.
Flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer is the key of floating seedlings, be cultivate that the major measure, particularly nitrogen in high-quality strong sprout, phosphorus, the supply of potassium nutrition and different nitrogen sources form and proportioning can directly affects that tobacco root system grows, upgrowth situation after the accumulation of dry-matter and transplanting.One of the standard in flue-cured tobacco strong sprout has flourishing root system, because root system is the absorption of cigarette seedling, transforms and store the vitals of nutritive substance, its growth quality not only directly has influence on growing and quality of nursery stage cigarette seedling, and can affect the rear tobacco root system of transplanting to the absorption of the nutritive substance such as soil moisture, mineral substance and cigarette seedling seedling-slowing stage length.
This test shows, compared with used grow seedling nutritional liquid (contrast) (referring to Fig. 2, Fig. 3), the present invention newly fills a prescription, and grow seedling nutritional is fertile has obvious promoter action to tobacco root system g and D, advantageously in the cultivation in flue-cured tobacco strong sprout, it is educated, and cigarette seedling stem stalk is sturdy, well developed root system, lateral root number are many, and significantly increases cigarette seedling biomass and root/shoot ratio, chlorophyll content is high, improving activity of root system and nitrate reductase activity significantly improve, and meanwhile, also help and shorten nursery stage and go back seedling stage.

Claims (4)

1. a flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer, it is characterized in that its concrete composition and proportioning are nitrophosphate fertilizer 35-50%, potassium primary phosphate 10-15%, saltpetre 25-35%, calcium ammonium nitrate 8-12%, magnesium sulfate 0.1-3%, calcium chloride 0.05-0.1%, ammonium molybdate 0.01-0.05%, manganous sulfate 0.05-0.1%, EDTA zinc 0.1-0.5%, EDTA copper 0.1-0.5%, NaFeEDTA 0.1-0.5%, arsenic determination 0.01-0.05%, boric acid 0.1-0.5%, add up to 100%, wherein, N:P 2o 5: K 2o is than being 1.8-2:0.8-1:1.8-2, and the ratio of nitric nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 5-7:5-3.
2. the flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer according to right 1, it is characterized in that the per-cent that its composition and proportioning account in fertilizer is specific as follows: nitrophosphate fertilizer 44.06%, potassium primary phosphate 12.96%, saltpetre 30.84%, calcium ammonium nitrate 10.6%, magnesium sulfate 0.35%, calcium chloride 0.09%, ammonium molybdate 0.02%, manganous sulfate 0.08%, EDTA zinc 0.23%, EDTA copper 0.16%, NaFeEDTA 0.27%, arsenic determination 0.04%, boric acid 0.3%, N:P 2o 5: K 2o is than being 2:1:2, and the ratio of nitric nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen is 6:4.
3. flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer as claimed in claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that it is pulvis or aqua.
4. flue-cured tobacco seedling-cultivating nutrition fertilizer as described in any one of claims 1 to 3 cultivates the method for Flue-cured Tobacco seedling, it is characterized in that pulvis mu consumption 200-250g/ mu, point adds for 2 times, and first time, second time was the grand cross phase for after emerging.
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CN107285839A (en) * 2017-08-07 2017-10-24 湖北省烟草公司十堰市公司 The Special compound fertilizer for tobacco of improvement
CN107522576A (en) * 2017-09-05 2017-12-29 云南五佳生物科技有限公司 A kind of organic water-soluble fertilizer of suitable tobacco growth Rules of Nutrition and preparation method thereof
CN108558473A (en) * 2018-03-20 2018-09-21 安徽省农业科学院烟草研究所 A kind of fertilizer special for tobacco formula suitable for Wan Nan Tobacco-rice rotations area

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