CN105086076A - 一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN105086076A
CN105086076A CN201510511904.5A CN201510511904A CN105086076A CN 105086076 A CN105086076 A CN 105086076A CN 201510511904 A CN201510511904 A CN 201510511904A CN 105086076 A CN105086076 A CN 105086076A
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许义彬
赵欣泰
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Abstract

本发明公开了一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料,由下列重量份的原料制成:高密度聚乙烯70-72、回收聚乙烯塑料14-16、十溴联苯醚15-17、三氧化二锑7-9、茂金属聚乙烯2-3、纳米氢氧化镁2-3、环己烷4-5、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷0.2-0.3、EVA树脂12-15、滑石粉8-10、堇青石粉4-6、二甲基硅油2-3、十二烷基硫酸钠0.8-1、硅烷偶联剂kh560?1-1.2、水适量。本发明在基料上添加适量的回收聚乙烯塑料,通过一系列的工艺处理,同样能够达到新料的要求,而且降低了材料成本,经济效益显著,同时制成的产品具有耐高温、耐磨、高强度、高阻燃、抗击穿、流动性好等优良的综合性能。

Description

一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及高分子材料技术领域,尤其涉及一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚氯乙烯(PVC)是一种用途非常广泛的通用塑料,根据添加增塑剂的量不同,可以制成硬质、半硬质和软质制品,还可以与其他聚合物共混进行改性,做成种类繁多、性能各异的制品,用量非常大,是世界五大通用塑料之一。在全球范围内PVC树脂的需求量和聚乙烯、聚丙烯位列前三位,而在中国其消费量已经升至第一位。聚氯乙烯本身也是本质阻燃材料,其氧指数很高,阻燃效果很好,但纯的PVC是刚性链段,在90℃以上就开始分解,加工就必须加入增塑剂,增塑剂都是易燃物,所以软质PVC须加入阻燃剂才有阻燃效果。而且聚氯乙烯在燃烧时会产生氯化氢气体,具有很大的毒性和腐蚀性,且浓烟较多。随着环保要求的提高,DOP等邻苯类增塑剂已经被禁止,所以说就要进一步发挥聚乙烯电缆料的各项优点。
聚乙烯(PE)是目前产量最大的通用塑料之一,具有耐化学腐蚀性、质轻、电绝缘性、无毒、易加工、价格低廉等特点,广泛应用于电器、化工、包装、食品、交通、建筑等行业。然而PE的氧指数只有17.5%,属于易燃材料,因此需要对其进行阻燃改性处理以扩大其应用范围。还有为了提高聚乙烯电缆料的介电特性,如空间电荷集聚、体积电阻率和击穿强度等,目前高压直流电缆一般采用传统方法来改性聚乙烯绝缘料。其中共混技术是提高聚乙烯介电性能使用最多的一种方法,但是不同组分的共混会形成两相结构的微观界面,甚至出现向材料表面渗透和分离现象,影响共混物的其他介电性能,如共混可能会导致介电强度降低。因此,最好的方法是使用两种化学结构相似、相容性好的组分来进行共混,从而消除两种材料的微观界面的不良影响。
在电缆的生产过程中,约有8-10%的废品,还有大部分已经使用过的废旧电缆料或废旧塑料,没有经过合理的二次利用,造成资源的浪费以及资金的浪费。本发明拟将废旧回收聚乙烯塑料,通过一系列的工艺,添加到电缆料的生产中,不仅能够具有上述优点,同时能够节约资源,降低生产成本。
发明内容
本发明目的就是为了弥补已有技术的缺陷,提供一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料及其制备方法。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料,由下列重量份的原料制成:高密度聚乙烯70-72、回收聚乙烯塑料14-16、十溴联苯醚15-17、三氧化二锑7-9、茂金属聚乙烯2-3、纳米氢氧化镁2-3、环己烷4-5、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷0.2-0.3、EVA树脂12-15、滑石粉8-10、堇青石粉4-6、二甲基硅油2-3、十二烷基硫酸钠0.8-1、硅烷偶联剂kh5601-1.2、水适量。
所述一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料,由以下具体步骤制成:
(1)将十溴联苯醚、三氧化二锑加入到高速混合机中,在80-90℃下混合15-20分钟,然后将一半量的高密度聚乙烯加入到高速混合机中,90-100℃下混合10-15分钟,最后将混合好的物料置于开炼机中,在145℃下塑炼8-10分钟出片,粉碎后放入烘箱中干燥5-6小时,即得到阻燃母料;
(2)将纳米氢氧化铝与茂金属聚乙烯分别放在80℃电热恒温干燥箱内热处理6小时待用;将干燥后的纳米氢氧化铝超声分散于环己烷中,形成悬浮液,然后加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,超声分散20分钟后将悬浮液倒入器皿中,放入烘箱中,在60℃的温度下烘干24小时,得到表面改性的纳米粉;干燥后的茂金属聚乙烯与表面改性的纳米粉放入混料机中,以140℃的温度混料30分钟,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,制成抗击穿改性母料;
(3)将回收聚乙烯塑料清洗表面赃物后,放入烘箱中,以80℃的温度烘干,冷却后放入塑料粉碎机中粉碎成粉末状;将硅烷偶联剂kh560溶于20倍量的水中形成溶液,将滑石粉、堇青石粉放入溶液中,以500转/分的速度搅拌分散均匀,继续加入二甲基硅油、十二烷基硫酸钠,以800转/分的速度搅拌20分钟后静置,过滤,将沉淀物烘干待用;将回收聚乙烯塑料粉末与烘干的沉淀物混合,送入高速混合机混合,6分钟后分钟后将物料送入挤出温度为135-145℃的挤出机中挤出造粒,得到混合物料;
(4)将阻燃母料、抗击穿改性母料、混合物料、剩余的高密度聚乙烯以及其余剩余成分放入高速混合机中,在温度为160℃,500转/分的速度下混合15分钟,再以2000转/分的速度混合10分钟下料,然后放入双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,最后将粒料在80℃烘箱中干燥24小时即得。
本发明的优点是:本发明通过配方与工艺的改性,添加纳米氢氧化铝与茂金属聚乙烯等成分,这些成分的引入显著地减少了空间电荷的注入和聚集,改善了空间电荷特性,提高了直流击穿电场强度,同时由于含有少量的茂金属聚乙烯,提高了电缆料的拉伸强度以及综合性能。添加十溴联苯醚与三氧化二锑,协同作用,减少了可燃气体的生成量,改变了聚合物的分解模式,使材料的热稳定性得到了提高。同时反应分解出SbBr3,能较长时间停留在燃烧区域,具有稀释和隔离作用,进一步提高阻燃性能。
本发明在基料上添加适量的回收聚乙烯塑料,通过一系列的工艺处理,同样能够达到新料的要求,而且降低了材料成本,经济效益显著,同时制成的产品具有耐高温、耐磨、高强度、高阻燃、抗击穿、流动性好等优良的综合性能。
具体实施方式
一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料,由下列重量份(公斤)的原料制成:高密度聚乙烯70、回收聚乙烯塑料14、十溴联苯醚15、三氧化二锑7、茂金属聚乙烯2、纳米氢氧化镁2、环己烷4、γ氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷0.2、EVA树脂12、滑石粉8、堇青石粉4、二甲基硅油2、十二烷基硫酸钠0.8、硅烷偶联剂kh5601、水适量。
所述一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料,由以下具体步骤制成:
(1)将十溴联苯醚、三氧化二锑加入到高速混合机中,在80℃下混合15分钟,然后将一半量的高密度聚乙烯加入到高速混合机中,90℃下混合10分钟,最后将混合好的物料置于开炼机中,在145℃下塑炼8分钟出片,粉碎后放入烘箱中干燥5小时,即得到阻燃母料;
(2)将纳米氢氧化铝与茂金属聚乙烯分别放在80℃电热恒温干燥箱内热处理6小时待用;将干燥后的纳米氢氧化铝超声分散于环己烷中,形成悬浮液,然后加入γ氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,超声分散20分钟后将悬浮液倒入器皿中,放入烘箱中,在60℃的温度下烘干24小时,得到表面改性的纳米粉;干燥后的茂金属聚乙烯与表面改性的纳米粉放入混料机中,以140℃的温度混料30分钟,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,制成抗击穿改性母料;
(3)将回收聚乙烯塑料清洗表面赃物后,放入烘箱中,以80℃的温度烘干,冷却后放入塑料粉碎机中粉碎成粉末状;将硅烷偶联剂kh560溶于20倍量的水中形成溶液,将滑石粉、堇青石粉放入溶液中,以500转/分的速度搅拌分散均匀,继续加入二甲基硅油、十二烷基硫酸钠,以800转/分的速度搅拌20分钟后静置,过滤,将沉淀物烘干待用;将回收聚乙烯塑料粉末与烘干的沉淀物混合,送入高速混合机混合,6分钟后分钟后将物料送入挤出温度为135℃的挤出机中挤出造粒,得到混合物料;
(4)将阻燃母料、抗击穿改性母料、混合物料、剩余的高密度聚乙烯以及其余剩余成分放入高速混合机中,在温度为160℃,500转/分的速度下混合15分钟,再以2000转/分的速度混合10分钟下料,然后放入双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,最后将粒料在80℃烘箱中干燥24小时即得。
将本发明电缆料应用于电缆的生产,电缆产品经检测,达到的指标如下:抗张强度≥16MPa,断裂伸张率≥280%,断裂伸长率变化率为15.5%,氧指数≥28%,介电强度≥30MV/m。

Claims (2)

1.一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料,其特征在于,由下列重量份的原料制成:高密度聚乙烯70-72、回收聚乙烯塑料14-16、十溴联苯醚15-17、三氧化二锑7-9、茂金属聚乙烯2-3、纳米氢氧化镁2-3、环己烷4-5、γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷0.2-0.3、EVA树脂12-15、滑石粉8-10、堇青石粉4-6、二甲基硅油2-3、十二烷基硫酸钠0.8-1、硅烷偶联剂kh5601-1.2、水适量。
2.根据权利要求1所述一种添加废旧塑料的环保电缆护套料,其特征在于,由以下具体步骤制成:
(1)将十溴联苯醚、三氧化二锑加入到高速混合机中,在80-90℃下混合15-20分钟,然后将一半量的高密度聚乙烯加入到高速混合机中,90-100℃下混合10-15分钟,最后将混合好的物料置于开炼机中,在145℃下塑炼8-10分钟出片,粉碎后放入烘箱中干燥5-6小时,即得到阻燃母料;
(2)将纳米氢氧化铝与茂金属聚乙烯分别放在80℃电热恒温干燥箱内热处理6小时待用;将干燥后的纳米氢氧化铝超声分散于环己烷中,形成悬浮液,然后加入γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷,超声分散20分钟后将悬浮液倒入器皿中,放入烘箱中,在60℃的温度下烘干24小时,得到表面改性的纳米粉;干燥后的茂金属聚乙烯与表面改性的纳米粉放入混料机中,以140℃的温度混料30分钟,然后在双螺杆挤出机中挤出造粒,制成抗击穿改性母料;
(3)将回收聚乙烯塑料清洗表面赃物后,放入烘箱中,以80℃的温度烘干,冷却后放入塑料粉碎机中粉碎成粉末状;将硅烷偶联剂kh560溶于20倍量的水中形成溶液,将滑石粉、堇青石粉放入溶液中,以500转/分的速度搅拌分散均匀,继续加入二甲基硅油、十二烷基硫酸钠,以800转/分的速度搅拌20分钟后静置,过滤,将沉淀物烘干待用;将回收聚乙烯塑料粉末与烘干的沉淀物混合,送入高速混合机混合,6分钟后分钟后将物料送入挤出温度为135-145℃的挤出机中挤出造粒,得到混合物料;
(4)将阻燃母料、抗击穿改性母料、混合物料、剩余的高密度聚乙烯以及其余剩余成分放入高速混合机中,在温度为160℃,500转/分的速度下混合15分钟,再以2000转/分的速度混合10分钟下料,然后放入双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,最后将粒料在80℃烘箱中干燥24小时即得。
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