CN105083274B - 电动车辆的选择性电动模式 - Google Patents
电动车辆的选择性电动模式 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
一种示例方法包括当电动车辆的速度等于或低于阈值速度时以电动模式操作电动车辆,并且当车辆速度在阈值速度以上时以混合动力车辆操作电动车辆。阈值速度是操作者可调节的阈值速度。另一个示例方法包括当电动车辆电池的荷电状态在阈值荷电状态时以电动模式操作电动车辆,以及当电池荷电状态等于或低于阈值荷电状态时以混合动力模式操作电动车辆。
Description
背景技术
本发明涉及选择性地在电动模式操作电动车辆。
示例混合动力车辆包括混合动力电动车辆(HEV)以及插电式混合动力电动车辆(PHEV)。由于混合动力车辆利用电池供电的电机选择性地进行驱动,因此混合动力车辆总体上与传统机动车辆不同。相比之下,传统机动车辆仅依赖内燃发动机驱动车辆。
利用电池供电的电机驱动的混合动力车辆比利用内燃发动机驱动时产生的噪音少。来自内燃发动机的噪音是令人反感的。
发明内容
根据本发明示例性方面的一种方法,除其他外包括当电动车辆的速度等于或低于阈值速度时以电动模式操作车辆,以及当电动车辆的速度高于阈值速度时以混合动力模式操作电动车辆。阈值速度是操作者可调节的阈值速度。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,当电动车辆正移动时,操作者可调节的阈值速度能够由操作者调节。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,操作者可调节的阈值速度是多个固定选择中的一个。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,该方法包括以混合动力模式操作电动车辆时使电动车辆的电池充电到一电荷水平,该电荷水平是基于当电动车辆停止混合动力模式操作时所需储备电荷计算得到的。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,所需储备电荷包括操作者可调节的所需储备电荷。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,当电动车辆正移动时,操作者可调节的所需储备电荷能够由操作者调节。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,操作者可调节的所需储备电荷包括电动距离量。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,该方法包括向车辆操作者报警从电动模式到混合动力模式的转变,以及向操作者提供忽略该转变的选择。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,该方法包括启动可听见的倒计时器。
根据本发明的另一示例性方面的一种方法,除其他外包括当电动车辆的电池荷电状态在阈值荷电状态以上时,以电动模式操作电动车辆,并且当电池荷电状态等于或低于阈值荷电状态时,以混合动力模式操作电动车辆。阈值荷电状态是操作者可调节的阈值荷电状态。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,该方法包括当电动车辆在混合动力模式操作时使电动车辆的电池充电到阈值荷电状态,阈值荷电状态是基于当电动车辆停止混合动力模式操作时所需储备电荷计算得到的。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,所需储备电荷是操作者可调节的所需储备电荷。
在上述任一方法的另一示例中,当电动车辆正移动时,操作者可调节的所需储备电荷可以由操作者调节。
根据本发明的示例性方面的一种装置,除其他外包括配置为当电动车辆的速度等于或低于阈值速度时引起电动车辆在电动模式操作,以及当电动车辆的速度在阈值速度以上时引起电动车辆在混合动力模式操作的动力传动系统控制器。
根据本发明的另一示例性方面的一种装置,除其他外包括启动用于调节阈值速度的阈值速度选择器装置。
在上述装置的另一示例中,动力传动系统控制器进一步配置为当电动车辆在混合动力模式操作时,引起电动车辆的电池充电到电荷水平。电荷水平是基于当电动车辆停止混合动力模式操作时,电池内所需储备电荷计算得到的。
在上述任一装置的另一示例中,电荷水平选择器装置启动用于调节所需储备电荷。
在上述任一装置的另一示例中,所需储备电荷包括一系列的所需储备电荷。
上述段落的实施例、示例以及可选方案以及权利要求或下述说明书和附图,包括它们的各种方面或各自单独特征中的任何的都可以单独地或任意的结合起来采用。与一个实施例相关描述的特征适用于所有的实施例,除非这样的特征是不兼容的。
附图说明
所公开示例的各种特征及有利之处从具体实施方式中对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见的。伴随具体实施方式的附图可以简要描述如下:
图1示出了示例电动车辆变速器的示意图;
图2示出了操作具有图1的变速器的电动车辆的示例方法;
图3示出了操作具有图1的变速器的电动车辆的另一示例方法;
图4示出了操作具有图1的变速器的电动车辆的又一示例方法;
图5示出了操作具有图1的变速器的电动车辆的再一示例方法。
具体实施方式
图1示意性地说明了用于电动车辆的动力传动系统10。动力传动系统10包括电池14、电机(马达)18、电机(发电机)20以及内燃发动机22。在这个示例中,电池14是相对高电压电池。
尽管示出为混合动力电动车辆(HEV),但应理解的是此处所描述的概念不限于HEV,并且可以扩展到其他电气化车辆,包括但并不限于插电式混合动力车辆(PHEV)等。
在一个实施例中,动力传动系统10是采用了第一传动系统和第二传动系统的动力分配动力传动系统(power-split powertrain system)。第一传动系统包括发动机22和发电机20的组合。第二传动系统至少包括马达18、发电机20以及电池14。在这个示例中,第二传动系统被认为是动力传动系统10的电力传动系统。第一和第二传动系统产生扭矩用于驱动一组或者多组电动车辆的车辆驱动轮26。
在本示例中是内燃发动机的发动机22以及发电机20可以通过动力传输单元30——例如行星齿轮组——连接。当然,也可以利用包括其它齿轮组和变速器的其它类型的动力传输单元来连接发动机22和发电机20。在一个非限制性实施例中,动力传输单元30是包括环形齿轮32、中心齿轮34以及支架总成36的行星齿轮组。
发电机20可以通过动力传输单元30由发动机22驱动以将动能转化为电能。作为选择,发电机20可以起到马达的作用以将电能转化成动能,从而向与动力传输单元30连接的轴38输出扭矩。由于发电机20可操作地连接于发动机22,发动机22的速度可由发电机20控制。
动力传输单元30的环形齿轮32可以与轴40相连接,轴40通过第二动力传输单元44与车辆驱动轮26相连接。第二动力传输单元44可以包括具有多个齿轮46的齿轮组。其他动力传输单元也适宜。齿轮46将扭矩从发动机22传输到差速器48以最终为车辆驱动轮26提供牵引力。差速器48可以包括能够向车辆驱动轮26传输扭矩的多个齿轮。在这个示例中,第二动力传输单元44通过差速器48与轮轴50机械地耦接以向车辆驱动轮26分配扭矩。
也可以采用马达18(即第二电机)通过向轴52输出扭矩而驱动车辆驱动轮26,轴52也与第二动力传输单元44相连接。在一个实施例中,马达18以及发电机20相配合作为再生制动系统的一部分,在该系统中,马达18以及发电机20都可以作为马达输出扭矩。例如,每一个马达18以及发电机20都可以向电池14输出电力。
电池14是电动车辆电池总成的示例类型。电池14可以结合能够输出电力以使马达18以及发电机20运行的高压电池。其他类型的能量存储装置和/或输出装置也能够与具有动力传动系统10的电动车辆一起使用。
动力传动系统10在混合动力模式利用发动机22操作时比在电动模式不利用发动机22操作时所产生的噪音更多。这至少部分由于当动力传动系统在混合动力模式操作时来自内燃发动机22操作的噪音。操作内燃发动机22比单独操作发电机20或马达18更嘈杂。
动力传动系统控制器60可操作地耦接到动力传动系统10的多个部分,例如内燃发动机22以及电机20。控制器60引起动力传动系统10在电动模式或混合动力模式驱动车辆。控制器60可以指示动力传动系统10关闭内燃发动机22以及在电动模式驱动车辆,从而降低来自动力传动系统10的噪音。马达18、发电机20、内燃发动机22以及动力传动系统10的其他部分响应于来自控制器60的命令。
控制器60可以是车辆内发动机控制模块、电池电动控制等的一部分。示例控制器60包括可操作地连接到存储器部分68的处理器64。示例处理器64编程为执行存储于存储器部分68中的程序。该程序可以作为软件代码存储于存储器部分68中。
存储于存储器部分68内的程序可以包括一种或多种附加的或单独的程序,每一种都包括用于实施逻辑功能的可执行指令的有序列表。
处理器64可以是定制的或是商业化可购得的处理器、中央处理单元(CPU)、在几个处理器之间与控制器60相连的辅助处理器、基于半导体的微处理器(以微芯片或芯片集的形式)或者用于执行软件指令的一般的任何装置。
存储器部分68可以包括任意一种或组合的易失性存储元件(例如随机存取存储器(RAM,例如DRAM、SRAM、SDRAM、VRAM等))和/或非易失性存储元件(例如ROM、硬盘驱动器、带子、CD-ROM等)。而且,储存器可以结合电子的、磁性的、光学的和/或其他类型的存储介质。注意到存储器也可以具有分布式体系结构,在这种情况下各种组件可以彼此分离地安置,但可以由处理器取得。
现在继续结合图1来参照图2,操作具有动力传动系统10的电动车辆的示例方法100使车辆操作者能够基于速度来控制内燃发动机22的使用。当车辆正以特定速度操作时,方法100使操作者能够在安静的模式操作车辆。方法100是由处理器64执行的示例程序。
操作者可以是车辆的驾驶员、车辆的乘客、车辆的制造商或需要调节动力传动系统10在混合动力模式和电动模式操作转换的另一个体。
方法100包括步骤104,其计算具有动力传动系统10的车辆是否正以等于或低于阈值速度操作。该计算可以考虑滞后。如果是,则该方法移动到步骤108,该步骤被认为是电动车辆当前模式(EV Now mode)。在电动车辆当前模式,车辆以电动模式操作。如果车辆速度在阈值速度以上,那么方法100移动到步骤112,步骤112被认为是电动车辆随后模式(EVLater mode)。在电动车辆稍后模式中,车辆以混合动力模式操作。
一些电动车辆动力传动系统基于电力要求控制混合动力模式和电动模式之间的转换。方法100基于车辆速度控制混合动力模式和电动模式之间的转换。
在一些示例中,例如阈值速度是可以由操作者调节的。对阈值速度的调节可以发生在车辆正移动的时候。可以通过仪表组菜单、辅助协议接口模块等进行阈值速度选择。
在一些示例实施例中,操作者选择来自多个固定的速度选择中的一个的阈值速度,例如35、45或55英里每小时。
在一些示例实施例中,操作者启动旋钮、表盘、显示器上的按钮、这些虚拟代表物或一些其他的选择器装置来改变速度范围内的几个选择中的选择。例如在35和55英里每小时的任意速度。
当移动通过特定地理区域——例如市中心——时,操作者可以选择在车辆的典型速度以上的阈值速度。当选择了这个阈值速度之后,车辆以低于阈值速度的速度移动通过这些地理区域时,车辆操作者可以在电动模式操作。
由于车辆的速度不大于阈值速度,因此车辆在这些区域可以在电动模式操作。在该地理区域内的个体——例如市中心的行人——因此听不到在电动模式操作的车辆。而且,由于没有操作内燃发动机22,因此内燃发动机的废气不会直接地排放到市中心。
当车辆达到超出阈值速度的速度时,车辆将可能移动超出了该地理区域。于是可以在不被该地理区域的个体听到的情况下操作内燃发动机22。
如果车辆继续在电动模式操作持续一段延长的时间,那么车辆最后会不得不开始再次以混合动力模式操作,从而使电池14充电。
为了延长车辆可以在电动模式操作的时间长度,该方法的一些实施例可以包括当车辆在混合动力模式操作时为车辆的电池14充电到所需电荷水平。
基于可用于当车辆的速度落到低于阈值速度时的所需电荷计算所需的电荷水平,并且车辆开始以电动模式操作。例如,在混合动力模式完成以及车辆速度落到低于阈值速度之后,操作者可以期望电池14具有容许在电动模式行驶十英里的荷电状态。
因此操作者通过例如人机界面显示屏这样的一种选择器装置输入十英里。随后电池14的荷电状态保持在能够提供在电动模式操作十英里的水平。
所需储备电荷可以基于上述说明的英里数。所需储备电荷可选地可以从几个固定的电荷水平中选择,例如百分之二十五、五十或七十五的荷电状态。所需储备电荷也可以是例如从百分之七十到八十的电荷范围。
可以通过虚拟的旋钮、电池轮廓线的滑动条等作出对于荷电状态的选择。
基于操作者将在低于阈值速度之下不超过阈值速度的情况下驾驶车辆二十英里的评估结果,操作者可以选择行驶二十英里。操作者可以在进入市中心或另一类型的低速地理区域之前作出这样的选择。
值得注意的是,选择所需储备电荷可以引起电池14充电到定制选择的电荷,该电荷高于典型荷电状态或电荷为空时的距离。
现在继续结合图1参照图3,操作具有动力传动系统10的电动车辆的另一示例方法150使车辆操作者能够基于电池14的荷电状态控制内燃发动机22的使用。方法150可以在动力传动系统控制器60的处理器64上执行。
方法150确定荷电状态并且可以考虑滞后。方法150包括计算电池14是否包含操作者可调节的所需储备电荷的步骤154。在步骤158中,当电动车辆的电池荷电状态在所需储备电荷以上时,方法150引起动力传动系统10在电动模式操作。方法150包括当电池的荷电状态等于或低于所需储备电荷时在混合动力模式操作的步骤162。
一些电动车辆动力传动系统基于电力要求控制混合动力模式和电动模式之间的转换。方法150基于电池14中的储备电荷量控制混合动力模式和电动模式之间的转换。
虽然在这个示例中直接调节储备荷电状态(以千瓦-小时)。其他示例可以包括对于荷电状态的非直接调节,例如通过为电池14设定电力水平、电池的荷电状态水平(以百分比)或电动距离量(例如利用电池供电20英里的行程)。
现在结合图1参照图4,在另一个示例方法200中,阈值速度以及所需储备电荷都用于控制动力传动系统10如何在第一传动系统和第二传动系统之间转换。在步骤204中,方法200获得所需的阈值速度以及储备电荷。例如车辆的操作者可以提供这些变量。阈值速度是例如从四十到六十英里每小时的一系列的速度。所需储备电荷可以是一系列的电池14所需储备电荷,例如百分之七十到八十的荷电状态。
接下来,在步骤208中,方法200以混合动力模式操作。在混合动力模式操作时,方法200在步骤212中确定电池14是否包含所需储备电荷。如果是,那么步骤200在步骤216确定车辆的速度是否等于或低于阈值速度。如果是,则方法200在步骤220中以电动模式操作车辆直至车辆超出阈值速度或需要返回到混合动力模式重新充电。
在图2、3以及4的方法中,可以产生警报从而表明即将到来的电动模式和混合动力模式之间的转换。
该方法可以在其他时间产生其他警报从而通知车辆操作者。该警报可以是可以看到的警报、可以听到的警报、触觉警报或它们的一些组合。
在一个示例中,例如警报是通知即将发生的发动机上拉的倒计时器。该警报可以在发动机上拉前三秒开始。发动机上拉可以是由于从电动模式到混合动力模式的转换。发动机上拉可以是由于当处在混合动力模式时需要发动机启动。
警报可以容许操作者改变他们关于混合动力和电动模式的转换的想法,例如容许操作者保持混合动力模式的操作。
现在参照图5,操作具有图1的动力传动系统10的车辆的另一方法250开始于步骤254。方法250随后在步骤258中计算车辆的速度是否等于或低于阈值速度。如果是,那么该方法移动到步骤262。如果否,则该方法移动到步骤266。
在步骤262中,方法250计算电池14中是否具有足够的电荷。如果是,则方法250移动到步骤270,在这种情况下车辆在电动模式操作,并且之后返回到开始处254。如果否,则方法250移动到步骤266。
在步骤266中,方法250计算电池14中的电荷是否超出了阈值储备电荷水平。如果是,则方法250移动到步骤274,其中车辆在混合动力模式操作并且之后返回到开始处254。如果否,则方法250在较高的电力下运行发动机22从而在步骤278中使电池14充电并且之后返回到开始处254。
例如当确定车辆速度、储备电荷等时,图2-5的任何方法都可以考虑滞后。
一些公开示例的特征包括操作混合动力电动车辆的动力传动系统的方法,其容许操作者选择性地在行程开始时、以低速或沿行程停止或行程结束时以电动模式操作车辆。电动操作可以优先于能源效益。
上述说明实质上是示例性的而并非限制。在没有脱离本发明的本质时,本发明示例的变形以及改变对本领域技术人员而言是显而易见的。因此,本发明的法律保护范围仅通过研究下面的权利要求而确定。
Claims (9)
1.一种操作电动车辆的方法,包括:
当电动车辆的速度等于或低于阈值速度时以电动模式操作电动车辆;以及
当电动车辆的速度高于阈值速度时以混合动力模式操作电动车辆,其中阈值速度是操作者可调节的阈值速度,
使用选择器装置来调节所述阈值速度,使得在不影响实际速度的情况下调节所述阈值速度。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中当电动车辆正移动时操作者可调节的阈值速度能够由操作者调节。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法,其中操作者可调节的阈值速度是多个固定选择中的一个。
4.根据权利要求1所述的方法,当电动车辆以混合动力模式操作时使电动车辆的电池充电到一电荷水平,该电荷水平是基于当电动车辆停止混合动力模式操作时所需储备电荷计算得到的。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法,其中所需储备电荷包括操作者可调节的所需储备电荷。
6.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中当电动车辆正移动时操作者可调节的所需储备电荷能够由操作者调节。
7.根据权利要求5所述的方法,其中操作者可调节的所需储备电荷包括电动距离量。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法,包括向车辆操作者报警从电动模式到混合动力模式的转变,以及向操作者提供忽略转变的选择。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法,其中报警包括启动可听到的倒计时器。
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US20160347308A1 (en) | 2016-12-01 |
CN105083274A (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
DE102015107191A1 (de) | 2015-11-26 |
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