CN105081528A - Welding technology of Q345qE structural steel - Google Patents
Welding technology of Q345qE structural steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105081528A CN105081528A CN201510355615.0A CN201510355615A CN105081528A CN 105081528 A CN105081528 A CN 105081528A CN 201510355615 A CN201510355615 A CN 201510355615A CN 105081528 A CN105081528 A CN 105081528A
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2103/00—Materials to be soldered, welded or cut
- B23K2103/02—Iron or ferrous alloys
- B23K2103/04—Steel or steel alloys
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- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a welding technology, in particular to a welding technology of Q345qE structural steel, and belongs to the field of steel structures. The welding technology comprises the following steps of preparation before welding, welding conditions and requests, welding inspection, welding defect repair, quality problem in production and treatment measures. With the welding technology of the Q345qE structural steel, welding quality is stable, and firmness is good.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of welding procedure, particularly relate to a kind of welding procedure of Q345qE structural steel, belong to field of steel structure.
Background technology
Along with the application of high strength, high level structural steel is more and more extensive, its welding must have the welding procedure adapted with it.
Summary of the invention
The present invention mainly solves the deficiencies in the prior art, by to the analysis of mother metal performance in conjunction with designing requirement, propose wlding selection requirements, the impact test temperature of Q345qE structural steel is-40 DEG C, impact toughness value requires to be not less than 47J, the deposited metal impact test of selected welding material also should meet this requirement, and the welding procedure of a kind of Q345qE structural steel that the cost performance of welding material also should be higher.
Above-mentioned technical problem of the present invention is mainly solved by following technical proposals:
A welding procedure for Q345qE structural steel, carry out according to the following steps:
One, welds prepares:
(1), welding method is determined:
Adopt stick electrode arc welding, CO
2the welding method of gas shielded arc welding and submerged-arc welding; Wherein, stick electrode arc welding is mainly used in the less weld seam of in-site installation loading, and the weld seam that loading is larger adopts CO
2gas shielded arc welding; Workshop makes and adopts CO
2gas shielded arc welding and submerged-arc welding, to improve welding efficiency;
(2), the selecting of welding material:
1., wlding deposited metal mechanical property should match with the mechanical property of Q345qE structural steel, the mechanical property of Q345qE structural steel:
Hot strength is 490MPa, and elongation after fracture is 20%, and test temperature is-40 DEG C, and impact absorbing energy is not less than 47KV2/J;
2., wlding chemical composition and performance indications require:
The chemical composition of gas shield welding wire and welding rod requires as deposited metal composition requirement, and welding wire for submerged-arc welding chemical composition requires, for the requirement of welding wire chemical composition, to see the following form:
(3) the wlding apolegamy, specified in " railroad bridge Code for design of steel structures " TB10002.2-2005 and " railway steel bridge manufacturing standard " TB10212-2009 requires:
1., welding performance should match with base material, and the welding material selected, welding procedure, all should pass through qualification of welding procedure according to designing requirement;
2., integral node welding point, comprise weld metal and heat affected area, impact flexibility must not lower than mother metal standard, and welding material should match with designing the steel selected in principle;
(4) the apolegamy basic principle of various welding material, is determined by above requirement:
1., CO
2flux cored wire for gas shielded welding operative norm " carbon steel flux-cored wire " GB/T10045-2001, the deposited metal composition of the gas shield welding wire selected and deposited metal mechanical property are the flux-cored wire of E50XT-1 with reference to model, but Impulse Test Result requires same mother metal;
2., welding wire for submerged-arc welding operative norm " low alloy steel welding wire used for submerged arc welding and solder flux " GB/T12470-2003 and enterprise of manufacturer mark, but same mother metal is required to deposited metal Impulse Test Result; Submerged-arc welding wire chemical composition is the welding wire for submerged-arc welding of H10Mn2 with reference to the trade mark, but S, P content will be strict in H10Mn2, simultaneously restricted to nickel content;
3., the deposited metal composition of manual electric arc welding welding rod selected of manual electric arc welding welding rod operative norm " low-alloy steel electrode " GB/T5118-1995 and deposited metal mechanical property be the welding rod of E5015 (16)-G with reference to model, but Impulse Test Result requires same mother metal;
4., deposited metal stretch test result should meet following table regulation:
Deposited metal Impulse Test Result should meet following table regulation:
5., by the analysis to mother metal performance, in conjunction with the investigation to the existing wlding situation in market and cost performance, determine and mate welding material accordingly, selected welding rod model is E5015-G (trade mark CJ507Q), CO
2gas protecting welding wire model is E501T-1L (trade mark YCJ501Ni-1), welding wire for submerged-arc welding and solder flux trade mark MCJQ-1+SJ101;
After wlding enters factory, first carry out wlding reinspection, it is as follows that wlding reviews result:
(5), before retaining wall on slope and weldering assembling should meet construction drawing and code requirement, bevel for welding and fit-up gap butt welded seam quality have direct impact, must thoroughly remove region to be welded and the nuisance within the scope of weld groove edge 30mm before welding;
(6), SMAW and self-protection flux-cored wire arc welding, when weld job district wind speed is more than 8m/s, gas shielded arc welding, when weld job district wind speed is more than 2m/s, should adopt an effective measure, unaffected to ensure welding arc region, welding ambient humidity should be not less than 80%; Welding temperature should lower than 5 DEG C;
Two, welding conditions and requirement:
(1), weld preheating temperature requirement:
According to testing new process, the regulation that weld preheating temperature should meet following table requires:
Note: 1., T junction welding time, preheat temperature 20 DEG C should be improved; 2., not uniform thickness weld time, preheat temperature should be selected by slab;
Heat range is generally every side more than the 100mm of weld seam, and preheat temperature should be measured at the back side of weldment heating surface, and measurement point should be not less than 75mm place from electric arc through front pad all directions;
(2), welding variables:
Welding variables is selected should with reference to following table:
(3), should sparking, striking on the mother metal beyond weld seam; Run-on tab, end tab should meet the following requirements:
1., the steel that draw, go out arc plate should select the steel close with institute welding steel material welding performance, and groove type should be identical with by welding line, prohibit the use the material of other material to serve as to draw, go out arc plate;
2., the weld seam that arranges alignment in the end of welding point draws, end tab, and make weld seam striking and termination on the extension provided, manual electric arc welding and gas shielded arc welding weld seam draw length should be greater than 25mm, and the extraction length of submerged arc weld should be greater than 80mm;
3., welded and completely after cooling, adopt flame cutting method removing run-on tab and end tab, and reconditioning end of welding bead be smooth, having forbidden to fall run-on tab and end tab with hammering;
(4), manual electric arc welding and CO
2the thickness that gas protects weldering bottom welding bead answers>=6mm, but must not be greater than 8mm; Backing welding allows to make slight oscillatory; When the weld width that manual electric arc welding welding bead width is greater than core diameter 4 times, CO2 gas protects weldering is greater than 20mm, adopt shunting welding, lap width should control into weld width 1/3 ~ 1/2; Should note answering transition between weld seam and weld seam during weld seam overlap joint good, avoid producing overlap joint depression, submerged-arc welding filler pass maximum gauge is 6mm;
(5), multilayer welding time answer continuous sequence, welding slag and surperficial splash should be cleared up in time after each pass weld completes, find when affecting the defect of welding quality, can weld again after should removing; Arc crater must should be filled up when arc is received in the welding of per pass weld seam;
(6), welding process should carry out continuously, should control interlayer temperature < 230 DEG C in continuous welding process, but should lower than minimum preheat temperature, as heated lower than this temperature;
(7), the back chipping of full penetration weld should carry out from the negative, and the groove after back chipping should form the U-shaped groove being not less than 10 °; Groove surfaces should bright and clean, without folder carbon, dry slag etc., after carbon arc air gouging, grinder buffing channeling surface should be used, remove carburizcd case and residual slag;
(8), as thickness of slab >=40mm, after weld seam has welded, multi-layer heat preserving cotton insulation slow cooling is covered immediately;
Three, Welding Testing and weld defect are reprocessed:
(1), Weld Quality Inspection should carry out pre weld inspection, welding process inspection and postwelding quality inspection;
(2), the main contents of pre weld inspection are: inspection steel product quality guaranty and reinspection report; The wlding quality certification and review report, retaining wall on slope quality and size, group dry situation, welding equipment situation, welder performance qualification to quality and size, wlding;
(3), welding process inspection main contents are: welder performs welding procedure situation, comprises cleaning in the middle of preheating, adjustment standard parameter, welding bead layout, welding bead, weld cap quality and appearance and size and controls;
(4), postwelding quality inspection mainly checks by TB10212-2009, JGJ81-2002 pertinent regulations butt welded seam outward appearance and appearance and size etc., carries out Non-Destructive Testing after passed examination again;
(5), visual examination of weld:
1., all weld seams carry out visual examination after should being cooled to environment temperature, Q345 steel weld seam should check result can as acceptance basis after welding completes 24h;
2., visual examination generally with range estimation, the inspection of crackle should be aided with 5 times of magnifying glasses and carry out under suitable illumination condition, the measurement application measurer of size, calliper;
3., weld appearance quality should meet the following requirements:
1, all weld seams must carry out visual examination in length range, must not have the defects such as crackle, incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, incompletely filling arc crater and overlap; First-order weld must not exist that incompletely filling, root shrinks, undercut and the bad defect of joint, and one-level, second-order weld must not exist surface pores, slag inclusion, crackle and arc scratch defect;
2, all the other presentation qualities are except meeting except the requirement of aforesaid clause, still should meet the pertinent regulations of two tables below:
Note: t is mother metal thickness
(6), weld size should meet design drawing requirement, as drawing then should meet the following requirements without related request:
1., the weld width of butt weld should meet the regulation of following table:
2., butt weld reinforcement and misalignment tolerance see the following form:
3., leg size of fillet weld and reinforcement tolerance see the following form:
Its local Size of welds of the angle welding of note: hf>8.0mm allows lower than designing requirement value 1.0mm, but total length must not exceed 10 ﹪ of fusion length;
(7), Non-Destructive Testing:
1., Non-Destructive Testing should be carried out after outward appearance passed examination;
2., the credentials of more than the II level that the personnel of signing and issuing must hold corresponding method of detection or II level is reported in weld seam Non-Destructive Testing;
3., the I and II weld seam of designing requirement full penetration should adopt ultrasonic examination to carry out the inspection of internal flaw, and internal defects classification and method of detection should meet existing national standards " the manual ultrasonic method of detection of steel weld seam and result of detection classification " GB11345;
(8), weld defect is reprocessed:
1. the excessive defect, through outward appearance and Non-Destructive Testing found, should be filled in by inspector and reprocess advice note, send to workshop, advice note should mark defect property, position, the degree of depth, size;
2., as excessive defect be pore, slag inclusion, overlap, reinforcement are excessive or joint drum is convex, grinder buffing modification etc. should be adopted to be removed, soldering should be carried out if desired, butt welded seam undersize, the defects such as local misrun, depression, low-lying, undercut, arc crater are not filled up or angle welding transition is bad should carry out soldering, modification of then polishing;
3. the excessive defect, to the weld seam inside existence that Non-Destructive Testing is determined, the defective locations, the degree of depth, size, length etc. that should first determine according to Non-Destructive Testing before reprocessing adopt grinder buffing or carbon plane removal of defects; When defect is crackle, before carbon plane, stop hole should be bored at crackle two ends, and remove weld seam or the mother metal of each 50mm length of crackle and two ends thereof;
4., removal of defects time answer channeling to be processed into bottom in circular arc, and front, rear, left and right side all should be processed into slope, approximate bevel for welding, grinder buffing then also should be adopted to remove carburized layer and the slag on its surface as adopted carbon plane; Also apply magnetic powder inspection method determination crackle if desired whether thoroughly to remove;
5., according to thickness of slab determine preheat temperature by table 4, as carried out preheating before reprocessing, its preheat temperature improves 15 ~ 25 DEG C again than regulation;
6., welding should striking in groove when reprocessing, and should fill up arc crater during blow-out; During multilayer welding, between layer, joint should stagger, and fusion length generally should be not less than 100mm; When fusion length is more than 500mm, backstep sequence should be adopted;
7., should carry out continuously when reprocessing welding, but should interlayer temperature <230 DEG C be controlled, and should lower than preheat temperature; Hammering method should be adopted in welding process to make local stress relieving, but backing weld seam and cap weld are forbidden with hammering method;
8., for preventing crackle, postwelding should be adopted to carry out after heat insulation slow cooling measure immediately;
9., same position reprocesses no more than secondary, and weld seam positive and negative are respectively as a position;
10., should be shown up by welding engineer when reprocessing welding and confide a technological secret, and carry out guidance and supervision;
Rewelding scoops out the Non-Destructive Testing report performing and reprocess construction note and reprocess front and back.
Four, the quality problems occurred in producing and treatment measures:
In actual production, the first-time qualification rate of manual electric arc welding and submerged-arc welding is all higher, goes wrong many to be mainly CO
2it is on the high side that gas protects the bottoming of weldering flux-cored wire, filling exists slag inclusion phenomenon, and through on-the-spot factual survey, and it is as follows to analyze the reason producing slag inclusion:
(1), when adopting the welding of flux-cored wire welding wire, producing slag many compared with solid core welding wire, as do not cleaned out during multilayer welding, then producing slag inclusion;
(2), for Q345q level steel, for meeting low-temperature impact requirement, in flux-cored wire medicinal powder, with the addition of nickel alloy composition, adding nickel and can improve the sensitiveness of weld metal to breach, and then making ballistic work meet mother metal requirement; But the interpolation of alloying element causes molten pool metal mobility to be deteriorated, and then does not utilize the emersion of slag, causes slag inclusion;
(3), weldering speed is excessively slow, and in advance, welding slag has little time to float welding slag;
(4), in welding process or back chipping time, owing to dealing with improperly, produce sharp-pointed angle in flange plate side or root; Generate slag at sharp corner during welding, slag has certain viscosity, is close to flange plate again, and cooling velocity is fast, after the cooled and solidified of molten bath, and slag also following and emersion and produce slag inclusion, concrete point following three kinds of situations:
1., due to figuration of bead bad, front one weld seam and flange plate side produce sharp-pointed angle; After the weld seam welding of rear road, the sharp corner formed at front road weld seam produces slag inclusion;
2., that front one weld seam and mother metal produce undercut is excessively dark, forms a wedge angle; After the weld seam welding of rear road, the sharp corner formed at front road weld seam produces slag inclusion;
3., carbon plane back chipping time, form a wedge angle at root; Slag inclusion is produced at sharp corner after welding;
For reason given above analyze, determine the points for attention of preventing dreg defect and the measure taked:
1., flux-cored wire welding arc is softer, and electric arc penetrability is poor, fusion penetration is shallow, after the welding of per pass weld seam, conscientiously removes the slag on surface, as find Surface inclusion then adopt sanding machine to polish or carbon plane remove clean after, then carry out the welding of lower road weld seam; When groove width is wider, shunting should be adopted to weld, not answer wide swing;
2., in welding process, welding wire is sent to and is wanted evenly, to float in order to slag; Remain molten bath clearly, make slag and molten bath good separation; Suitable increase of weld current, ensures the molten bath time of staying, prevents cooling too fast, in order to slag emersion;
3., note the forming quality of per pass weld seam, weld metal answers rounding off to mother metal, avoids weld seam and flange plate side mother metal to occur wedge angle; Avoid occurring undercut phenomenon; During back root cleaning, answer back chipping to plane out round and smooth bevel shape, avoid occurring wedge angle phenomenon;
4., by one end of component pave 5 ° ~ 8 °, object is that the slag making to produce in welding process flows behind molten bath, makes slag float over after molten bath;
(5) preheat temperature, is suitably improved to slow down the setting rate in molten bath;
(6), require that welding wire production unit root is according to actual conditions, the de-slag processing performance of the welding wire that it is produced also is adjusted.
The invention provides a kind of welding procedure of Q345qE structural steel, rational in infrastructure, welding quality stable, fastness is good.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of non-I shape groove butt weld in the present invention;
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of butt weld reinforcement in the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of butt weld reinforcement in the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the corner connection of general complete penetraction and fusion in welding in the present invention and the structural representation docking composite welds I;
Fig. 5 is the corner connection of general complete penetraction and fusion in welding in the present invention and the structural representation docking composite welds II;
Fig. 6 is the corner connection of angle welding and part through welding in the present invention and the structural representation docking composite welds I;
Fig. 7 is the corner connection of angle welding and part through welding in the present invention and the structural representation of docking composite welds II;
Fig. 8 is the corner connection of angle welding and part through welding in the present invention and the structural representation of docking composite welds III.
Detailed description of the invention
Below by embodiment, and by reference to the accompanying drawings, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail.
Embodiment 1: as shown in Figure 1, Figure 2, shown in Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, Fig. 7 and Fig. 8, a kind of welding procedure of Q345qE structural steel, carry out according to the following steps:
One, welds prepares:
(1), welding method is determined:
Adopt stick electrode arc welding, CO
2the welding method of gas shielded arc welding and submerged-arc welding; Wherein, stick electrode arc welding is mainly used in the less weld seam of in-site installation loading, and the weld seam that loading is larger adopts CO
2gas shielded arc welding; Workshop makes and adopts CO
2gas shielded arc welding and submerged-arc welding, to improve welding efficiency;
(2), the selecting of welding material:
1., wlding deposited metal mechanical property should match with the mechanical property of Q345qE structural steel, the mechanical property of Q345qE structural steel:
Hot strength is 490MPa, and elongation after fracture is 20%, and test temperature is-40 DEG C, and impact absorbing energy is not less than 47KV2/J;
2., wlding chemical composition and performance indications require:
The chemical composition of gas shield welding wire and welding rod requires as deposited metal composition requirement, and welding wire for submerged-arc welding chemical composition requires, for the requirement of welding wire chemical composition, to see the following form:
(3) the wlding apolegamy, specified in " railroad bridge Code for design of steel structures " TB10002.2-2005 and " railway steel bridge manufacturing standard " TB10212-2009 requires:
1., welding performance should match with base material, and the welding material selected, welding procedure, all should pass through qualification of welding procedure according to designing requirement;
2., integral node welding point, comprise weld metal and heat affected area, impact flexibility must not lower than mother metal standard, and welding material should match with designing the steel selected in principle;
(4) the apolegamy basic principle of various welding material, is determined by above requirement:
1., CO
2flux cored wire for gas shielded welding operative norm " carbon steel flux-cored wire " GB/T10045-2001, the deposited metal composition of the gas shield welding wire selected and deposited metal mechanical property are the flux-cored wire of E50XT-1 with reference to model, but Impulse Test Result requires same mother metal;
2., welding wire for submerged-arc welding operative norm " low alloy steel welding wire used for submerged arc welding and solder flux " GB/T12470-2003 and enterprise of manufacturer mark, but same mother metal is required to deposited metal Impulse Test Result; Submerged-arc welding wire chemical composition is the welding wire for submerged-arc welding of H10Mn2 with reference to the trade mark, but S, P content will be strict in H10Mn2, simultaneously restricted to nickel content;
3., the deposited metal composition of manual electric arc welding welding rod selected of manual electric arc welding welding rod operative norm " low-alloy steel electrode " GB/T5118-1995 and deposited metal mechanical property be the welding rod of E5015 (16)-G with reference to model, but Impulse Test Result requires same mother metal;
4., deposited metal stretch test result should meet following table regulation:
Deposited metal Impulse Test Result should meet following table regulation:
5., by the analysis to mother metal performance, in conjunction with the investigation to the existing wlding situation in market and cost performance, determine and mate welding material accordingly, selected welding rod model is E5015-G (trade mark CJ507Q), CO
2gas protecting welding wire model is E501T-1L (trade mark YCJ501Ni-1), welding wire for submerged-arc welding and solder flux trade mark MCJQ-1+SJ101;
After wlding enters factory, first carry out wlding reinspection, it is as follows that wlding reviews result:
(5), before retaining wall on slope and weldering assembling should meet construction drawing and code requirement, bevel for welding and fit-up gap butt welded seam quality have direct impact, must thoroughly remove region to be welded and the nuisance within the scope of weld groove edge 30mm before welding;
(6), SMAW and self-protection flux-cored wire arc welding, when weld job district wind speed is more than 8m/s, gas shielded arc welding, when weld job district wind speed is more than 2m/s, should adopt an effective measure, unaffected to ensure welding arc region, welding ambient humidity should be not less than 80%; Welding temperature should lower than 5 DEG C;
Two, welding conditions and requirement:
(1), weld preheating temperature requirement:
According to testing new process, the regulation that weld preheating temperature should meet following table requires:
Note: 1., T junction welding time, preheat temperature 20 DEG C should be improved; 2., not uniform thickness weld time, preheat temperature should be selected by slab;
Heat range is generally every side more than the 100mm of weld seam, and preheat temperature should be measured at the back side of weldment heating surface, and measurement point should be not less than 75mm place from electric arc through front pad all directions;
(2), welding variables:
Welding variables is selected should with reference to following table:
(3), should sparking, striking on the mother metal beyond weld seam; Run-on tab, end tab should meet the following requirements:
1., the steel that draw, go out arc plate should select the steel close with institute welding steel material welding performance, and groove type should be identical with by welding line, prohibit the use the material of other material to serve as to draw, go out arc plate;
2., the weld seam that arranges alignment in the end of welding point draws, end tab, and make weld seam striking and termination on the extension provided, manual electric arc welding and gas shielded arc welding weld seam draw length should be greater than 25mm, and the extraction length of submerged arc weld should be greater than 80mm;
3., welded and completely after cooling, adopt flame cutting method removing run-on tab and end tab, and reconditioning end of welding bead be smooth, having forbidden to fall run-on tab and end tab with hammering;
(4), manual electric arc welding and CO
2the thickness that gas protects weldering bottom welding bead answers>=6mm, but must not be greater than 8mm; Backing welding allows to make slight oscillatory; When the weld width that manual electric arc welding welding bead width is greater than core diameter 4 times, CO2 gas protects weldering is greater than 20mm, adopt shunting welding, lap width should control into weld width 1/3 ~ 1/2; Should note answering transition between weld seam and weld seam during weld seam overlap joint good, avoid producing overlap joint depression, submerged-arc welding filler pass maximum gauge is 6mm;
(5), multilayer welding time answer continuous sequence, welding slag and surperficial splash should be cleared up in time after each pass weld completes, find when affecting the defect of welding quality, can weld again after should removing; Arc crater must should be filled up when arc is received in the welding of per pass weld seam;
(6), welding process should carry out continuously, should control interlayer temperature < 230 DEG C in continuous welding process, but should lower than minimum preheat temperature, as heated lower than this temperature;
(7), the back chipping of full penetration weld should carry out from the negative, and the groove after back chipping should form the U-shaped groove being not less than 10 °; Groove surfaces should bright and clean, without folder carbon, dry slag etc., after carbon arc air gouging, grinder buffing channeling surface should be used, remove carburizcd case and residual slag;
(8), as thickness of slab >=40mm, after weld seam has welded, multi-layer heat preserving cotton insulation slow cooling is covered immediately;
Three, Welding Testing and weld defect are reprocessed:
(1), Weld Quality Inspection should carry out pre weld inspection, welding process inspection and postwelding quality inspection;
(2), the main contents of pre weld inspection are: inspection steel product quality guaranty and reinspection report; The wlding quality certification and review report, retaining wall on slope quality and size, group dry situation, welding equipment situation, welder performance qualification to quality and size, wlding;
(3), welding process inspection main contents are: welder performs welding procedure situation, comprises cleaning in the middle of preheating, adjustment standard parameter, welding bead layout, welding bead, weld cap quality and appearance and size and controls;
(4), postwelding quality inspection mainly checks by TB10212-2009, JGJ81-2002 pertinent regulations butt welded seam outward appearance and appearance and size etc., carries out Non-Destructive Testing after passed examination again;
(5), visual examination of weld:
1., all weld seams carry out visual examination after should being cooled to environment temperature, Q345 steel weld seam should check result can as acceptance basis after welding completes 24h;
2., visual examination generally with range estimation, the inspection of crackle should be aided with 5 times of magnifying glasses and carry out under suitable illumination condition, the measurement application measurer of size, calliper;
3., weld appearance quality should meet the following requirements:
1, all weld seams must carry out visual examination in length range, must not have the defects such as crackle, incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, incompletely filling arc crater and overlap; First-order weld must not exist that incompletely filling, root shrinks, undercut and the bad defect of joint, and one-level, second-order weld must not exist surface pores, slag inclusion, crackle and arc scratch defect;
2, all the other presentation qualities are except meeting except the requirement of aforesaid clause, still should meet the pertinent regulations of two tables below:
Note: t is mother metal thickness
(6), weld size should meet design drawing requirement, as drawing then should meet the following requirements without related request:
1., the weld width of butt weld should meet the regulation of following table:
2., butt weld reinforcement and misalignment tolerance see the following form:
3., leg size of fillet weld and reinforcement tolerance see the following form:
Its local Size of welds of the angle welding of note: hf>8.0mm allows lower than designing requirement value 1.0mm, but total length must not exceed 10 ﹪ of fusion length;
(7), Non-Destructive Testing:
1., Non-Destructive Testing should be carried out after outward appearance passed examination;
2., the credentials of more than the II level that the personnel of signing and issuing must hold corresponding method of detection or II level is reported in weld seam Non-Destructive Testing;
3., the I and II weld seam of designing requirement full penetration should adopt ultrasonic examination to carry out the inspection of internal flaw, and internal defects classification and method of detection should meet existing national standards " the manual ultrasonic method of detection of steel weld seam and result of detection classification " GB11345;
(8), weld defect is reprocessed:
1. the excessive defect, through outward appearance and Non-Destructive Testing found, should be filled in by inspector and reprocess advice note, send to workshop, advice note should mark defect property, position, the degree of depth, size;
2., as excessive defect be pore, slag inclusion, overlap, reinforcement are excessive or joint drum is convex, grinder buffing modification etc. should be adopted to be removed, soldering should be carried out if desired, butt welded seam undersize, the defects such as local misrun, depression, low-lying, undercut, arc crater are not filled up or angle welding transition is bad should carry out soldering, modification of then polishing;
3. the excessive defect, to the weld seam inside existence that Non-Destructive Testing is determined, the defective locations, the degree of depth, size, length etc. that should first determine according to Non-Destructive Testing before reprocessing adopt grinder buffing or carbon plane removal of defects; When defect is crackle, before carbon plane, stop hole should be bored at crackle two ends, and remove weld seam or the mother metal of each 50mm length of crackle and two ends thereof;
4., removal of defects time answer channeling to be processed into bottom in circular arc, and front, rear, left and right side all should be processed into slope, approximate bevel for welding, grinder buffing then also should be adopted to remove carburized layer and the slag on its surface as adopted carbon plane; Also apply magnetic powder inspection method determination crackle if desired whether thoroughly to remove;
5., according to thickness of slab determine preheat temperature by table 4, as carried out preheating before reprocessing, its preheat temperature improves 15 ~ 25 DEG C again than regulation;
6., welding should striking in groove when reprocessing, and should fill up arc crater during blow-out; During multilayer welding, between layer, joint should stagger, and fusion length generally should be not less than 100mm; When fusion length is more than 500mm, backstep sequence should be adopted;
7., should carry out continuously when reprocessing welding, but should interlayer temperature <230 DEG C be controlled, and should lower than preheat temperature; Hammering method should be adopted in welding process to make local stress relieving, but backing weld seam and cap weld are forbidden with hammering method;
8., for preventing crackle, postwelding should be adopted to carry out after heat insulation slow cooling measure immediately;
9., same position reprocesses no more than secondary, and weld seam positive and negative are respectively as a position;
10., should be shown up by welding engineer when reprocessing welding and confide a technological secret, and carry out guidance and supervision;
Rewelding scoops out the Non-Destructive Testing report performing and reprocess construction note and reprocess front and back.
Four, the quality problems occurred in producing and treatment measures:
In actual production, the first-time qualification rate of manual electric arc welding and submerged-arc welding is all higher, goes wrong many to be mainly CO
2it is on the high side that gas protects the bottoming of weldering flux-cored wire, filling exists slag inclusion phenomenon, and through on-the-spot factual survey, and it is as follows to analyze the reason producing slag inclusion:
(1), when adopting the welding of flux-cored wire welding wire, producing slag many compared with solid core welding wire, as do not cleaned out during multilayer welding, then producing slag inclusion;
(2), for Q345q level steel, for meeting low-temperature impact requirement, in flux-cored wire medicinal powder, with the addition of nickel alloy composition, adding nickel and can improve the sensitiveness of weld metal to breach, and then making ballistic work meet mother metal requirement; But the interpolation of alloying element causes molten pool metal mobility to be deteriorated, and then does not utilize the emersion of slag, causes slag inclusion;
(3), weldering speed is excessively slow, and in advance, welding slag has little time to float welding slag;
(4), in welding process or back chipping time, owing to dealing with improperly, produce sharp-pointed angle in flange plate side or root; Generate slag at sharp corner during welding, slag has certain viscosity, is close to flange plate again, and cooling velocity is fast, after the cooled and solidified of molten bath, and slag also following and emersion and produce slag inclusion, concrete point following three kinds of situations:
1., due to figuration of bead bad, front one weld seam and flange plate side produce sharp-pointed angle; After the weld seam welding of rear road, the sharp corner formed at front road weld seam produces slag inclusion;
2., that front one weld seam and mother metal produce undercut is excessively dark, forms a wedge angle; After the weld seam welding of rear road, the sharp corner formed at front road weld seam produces slag inclusion;
3., carbon plane back chipping time, form a wedge angle at root; Slag inclusion is produced at sharp corner after welding;
For reason given above analyze, determine the points for attention of preventing dreg defect and the measure taked:
1., flux-cored wire welding arc is softer, and electric arc penetrability is poor, fusion penetration is shallow, after the welding of per pass weld seam, conscientiously removes the slag on surface, as find Surface inclusion then adopt sanding machine to polish or carbon plane remove clean after, then carry out the welding of lower road weld seam; When groove width is wider, shunting should be adopted to weld, not answer wide swing;
2., in welding process, welding wire is sent to and is wanted evenly, to float in order to slag; Remain molten bath clearly, make slag and molten bath good separation; Suitable increase of weld current, ensures the molten bath time of staying, prevents cooling too fast, in order to slag emersion;
3., note the forming quality of per pass weld seam, weld metal answers rounding off to mother metal, avoids weld seam and flange plate side mother metal to occur wedge angle; Avoid occurring undercut phenomenon; During back root cleaning, answer back chipping to plane out round and smooth bevel shape, avoid occurring wedge angle phenomenon;
4., by one end of component pave 5 ° ~ 8 °, object is that the slag making to produce in welding process flows behind molten bath, makes slag float over after molten bath;
(5) preheat temperature, is suitably improved to slow down the setting rate in molten bath;
(6), require that welding wire production unit root is according to actual conditions, the de-slag processing performance of the welding wire that it is produced also is adjusted.
Claims (1)
1. a welding procedure for Q345qE structural steel, is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
One, welds prepares:
(1), welding method is determined:
Adopt stick electrode arc welding, CO
2the welding method of gas shielded arc welding and submerged-arc welding; Wherein, stick electrode arc welding is mainly used in the less weld seam of in-site installation loading, and the weld seam that loading is larger adopts CO
2gas shielded arc welding; Workshop makes and adopts CO
2gas shielded arc welding and submerged-arc welding, to improve welding efficiency;
(2), the selecting of welding material:
1., wlding deposited metal mechanical property should match with the mechanical property of Q345qE structural steel, the mechanical property of Q345qE structural steel:
Hot strength is 490MPa, and elongation after fracture is 20%, and test temperature is-40 DEG C, and impact absorbing energy is not less than 47KV2/J;
2., wlding chemical composition and performance indications require:
The chemical composition of gas shield welding wire and welding rod requires as deposited metal composition requirement, and welding wire for submerged-arc welding chemical composition requires, for the requirement of welding wire chemical composition, to see the following form:
(3) the wlding apolegamy, specified in " railroad bridge Code for design of steel structures " TB10002.2-2005 and " railway steel bridge manufacturing standard " TB10212-2009 requires:
1., welding performance should match with base material, and the welding material selected, welding procedure, all should pass through qualification of welding procedure according to designing requirement;
2., integral node welding point, comprise weld metal and heat affected area, impact flexibility must not lower than mother metal standard, and welding material should match with designing the steel selected in principle;
(4) the apolegamy basic principle of various welding material, is determined by above requirement:
1., CO
2flux cored wire for gas shielded welding operative norm " carbon steel flux-cored wire " GB/T10045-2001, the deposited metal composition of the gas shield welding wire selected and deposited metal mechanical property are the flux-cored wire of E50XT-1 with reference to model, but Impulse Test Result requires same mother metal;
2., welding wire for submerged-arc welding operative norm " low alloy steel welding wire used for submerged arc welding and solder flux " GB/T12470-2003 and enterprise of manufacturer mark, but same mother metal is required to deposited metal Impulse Test Result; Submerged-arc welding wire chemical composition is the welding wire for submerged-arc welding of H10Mn2 with reference to the trade mark, but S, P content will be strict in H10Mn2, simultaneously restricted to nickel content;
3., the deposited metal composition of manual electric arc welding welding rod selected of manual electric arc welding welding rod operative norm " low-alloy steel electrode " GB/T5118-1995 and deposited metal mechanical property be the welding rod of E5015 (16)-G with reference to model, but Impulse Test Result requires same mother metal;
4., deposited metal stretch test result should meet following table regulation:
Deposited metal Impulse Test Result should meet following table regulation:
5., by the analysis to mother metal performance, in conjunction with the investigation to the existing wlding situation in market and cost performance, determine and mate welding material accordingly, selected welding rod model is E5015-G (trade mark CJ507Q), CO
2gas protecting welding wire model is E501T-1L (trade mark YCJ501Ni-1), welding wire for submerged-arc welding and solder flux trade mark MCJQ-1+SJ101;
After wlding enters factory, first carry out wlding reinspection, it is as follows that wlding reviews result:
(5), before retaining wall on slope and weldering assembling should meet construction drawing and code requirement, bevel for welding and fit-up gap butt welded seam quality have direct impact, must thoroughly remove region to be welded and the nuisance within the scope of weld groove edge 30mm before welding;
(6), SMAW and self-protection flux-cored wire arc welding, when weld job district wind speed is more than 8m/s, gas shielded arc welding, when weld job district wind speed is more than 2m/s, should adopt an effective measure, unaffected to ensure welding arc region, welding ambient humidity should be not less than 80%; Welding temperature should lower than 5 DEG C;
Two, welding conditions and requirement:
(1), weld preheating temperature requirement:
According to testing new process, the regulation that weld preheating temperature should meet following table requires:
Note: 1., T junction welding time, preheat temperature 20 DEG C should be improved; 2., not uniform thickness weld time, preheat temperature should be selected by slab;
Heat range is generally every side more than the 100mm of weld seam, and preheat temperature should be measured at the back side of weldment heating surface, and measurement point should be not less than 75mm place from electric arc through front pad all directions;
(2), welding variables:
Welding variables is selected should with reference to following table:
(3), should sparking, striking on the mother metal beyond weld seam; Run-on tab, end tab should meet the following requirements:
1., the steel that draw, go out arc plate should select the steel close with institute welding steel material welding performance, and groove type should be identical with by welding line, prohibit the use the material of other material to serve as to draw, go out arc plate;
2., the weld seam that arranges alignment in the end of welding point draws, end tab, and make weld seam striking and termination on the extension provided, manual electric arc welding and gas shielded arc welding weld seam draw length should be greater than 25mm, and the extraction length of submerged arc weld should be greater than 80mm;
3., welded and completely after cooling, adopt flame cutting method removing run-on tab and end tab, and reconditioning end of welding bead be smooth, having forbidden to fall run-on tab and end tab with hammering;
(4), manual electric arc welding and CO
2the thickness that gas protects weldering bottom welding bead answers>=6mm, but must not be greater than 8mm; Backing welding allows to make slight oscillatory; When the weld width that manual electric arc welding welding bead width is greater than core diameter 4 times, CO2 gas protects weldering is greater than 20mm, adopt shunting welding, lap width should control into weld width 1/3 ~ 1/2; Should note answering transition between weld seam and weld seam during weld seam overlap joint good, avoid producing overlap joint depression, submerged-arc welding filler pass maximum gauge is 6mm;
(5), multilayer welding time answer continuous sequence, welding slag and surperficial splash should be cleared up in time after each pass weld completes, find when affecting the defect of welding quality, can weld again after should removing; Arc crater must should be filled up when arc is received in the welding of per pass weld seam;
(6), welding process should carry out continuously, should control interlayer temperature < 230 DEG C in continuous welding process, but should lower than minimum preheat temperature, as heated lower than this temperature;
(7), the back chipping of full penetration weld should carry out from the negative, and the groove after back chipping should form the U-shaped groove being not less than 10 °; Groove surfaces should bright and clean, without folder carbon, dry slag etc., after carbon arc air gouging, grinder buffing channeling surface should be used, remove carburizcd case and residual slag;
(8), as thickness of slab >=40mm, after weld seam has welded, multi-layer heat preserving cotton insulation slow cooling is covered immediately;
Three, Welding Testing and weld defect are reprocessed:
(1), Weld Quality Inspection should carry out pre weld inspection, welding process inspection and postwelding quality inspection;
(2), the main contents of pre weld inspection are: inspection steel product quality guaranty and reinspection report; The wlding quality certification and review report, retaining wall on slope quality and size, group dry situation, welding equipment situation, welder performance qualification to quality and size, wlding;
(3), welding process inspection main contents are: welder performs welding procedure situation, comprises cleaning in the middle of preheating, adjustment standard parameter, welding bead layout, welding bead, weld cap quality and appearance and size and controls;
(4), postwelding quality inspection mainly checks by TB10212-2009, JGJ81-2002 pertinent regulations butt welded seam outward appearance and appearance and size etc., carries out Non-Destructive Testing after passed examination again;
(5), visual examination of weld:
1., all weld seams carry out visual examination after should being cooled to environment temperature, Q345 steel weld seam should check result can as acceptance basis after welding completes 24h;
2., visual examination generally with range estimation, the inspection of crackle should be aided with 5 times of magnifying glasses and carry out under suitable illumination condition, the measurement application measurer of size, calliper;
3., weld appearance quality should meet the following requirements:
1, all weld seams must carry out visual examination in length range, must not have the defects such as crackle, incomplete fusion, slag inclusion, incompletely filling arc crater and overlap; First-order weld must not exist that incompletely filling, root shrinks, undercut and the bad defect of joint, and one-level, second-order weld must not exist surface pores, slag inclusion, crackle and arc scratch defect;
2, all the other presentation qualities are except meeting except the requirement of aforesaid clause, still should meet the pertinent regulations of two tables below:
Note: t is mother metal thickness
(6), weld size should meet design drawing requirement, as drawing then should meet the following requirements without related request:
1., the weld width of butt weld should meet the regulation of following table:
2., butt weld reinforcement and misalignment tolerance see the following form:
3., leg size of fillet weld and reinforcement tolerance see the following form:
Its local Size of welds of the angle welding of note: hf>8.0mm allows lower than designing requirement value 1.0mm, but total length must not exceed 10 ﹪ of fusion length;
(7), Non-Destructive Testing:
1., Non-Destructive Testing should be carried out after outward appearance passed examination;
2., the credentials of more than the II level that the personnel of signing and issuing must hold corresponding method of detection or II level is reported in weld seam Non-Destructive Testing;
3., the I and II weld seam of designing requirement full penetration should adopt ultrasonic examination to carry out the inspection of internal flaw, and internal defects classification and method of detection should meet existing national standards " the manual ultrasonic method of detection of steel weld seam and result of detection classification " GB11345;
(8), weld defect is reprocessed:
1. the excessive defect, through outward appearance and Non-Destructive Testing found, should be filled in by inspector and reprocess advice note, send to workshop, advice note should mark defect property, position, the degree of depth, size;
2., as excessive defect be pore, slag inclusion, overlap, reinforcement are excessive or joint drum is convex, grinder buffing modification etc. should be adopted to be removed, soldering should be carried out if desired, butt welded seam undersize, the defects such as local misrun, depression, low-lying, undercut, arc crater are not filled up or angle welding transition is bad should carry out soldering, modification of then polishing;
3. the excessive defect, to the weld seam inside existence that Non-Destructive Testing is determined, the defective locations, the degree of depth, size, length etc. that should first determine according to Non-Destructive Testing before reprocessing adopt grinder buffing or carbon plane removal of defects; When defect is crackle, before carbon plane, stop hole should be bored at crackle two ends, and remove weld seam or the mother metal of each 50mm length of crackle and two ends thereof;
4., removal of defects time answer channeling to be processed into bottom in circular arc, and front, rear, left and right side all should be processed into slope, approximate bevel for welding, grinder buffing then also should be adopted to remove carburized layer and the slag on its surface as adopted carbon plane; Also apply magnetic powder inspection method determination crackle if desired whether thoroughly to remove;
5., according to thickness of slab determine preheat temperature by table 4, as carried out preheating before reprocessing, its preheat temperature improves 15 ~ 25 DEG C again than regulation;
6., welding should striking in groove when reprocessing, and should fill up arc crater during blow-out; During multilayer welding, between layer, joint should stagger, and fusion length generally should be not less than 100mm; When fusion length is more than 500mm, backstep sequence should be adopted;
7., should carry out continuously when reprocessing welding, but should interlayer temperature <230 DEG C be controlled, and should lower than preheat temperature; Hammering method should be adopted in welding process to make local stress relieving, but backing weld seam and cap weld are forbidden with hammering method;
8., for preventing crackle, postwelding should be adopted to carry out after heat insulation slow cooling measure immediately;
9., same position reprocesses no more than secondary, and weld seam positive and negative are respectively as a position;
10., should be shown up by welding engineer when reprocessing welding and confide a technological secret, and carry out guidance and supervision;
Rewelding scoops out the Non-Destructive Testing report performing and reprocess construction note and reprocess front and back.
Four, the quality problems occurred in producing and treatment measures:
In actual production, the first-time qualification rate of manual electric arc welding and submerged-arc welding is all higher, goes wrong many to be mainly CO
2it is on the high side that gas protects the bottoming of weldering flux-cored wire, filling exists slag inclusion phenomenon, and through on-the-spot factual survey, and it is as follows to analyze the reason producing slag inclusion:
(1), when adopting the welding of flux-cored wire welding wire, producing slag many compared with solid core welding wire, as do not cleaned out during multilayer welding, then producing slag inclusion;
(2), for Q345q level steel, for meeting low-temperature impact requirement, in flux-cored wire medicinal powder, with the addition of nickel alloy composition, adding nickel and can improve the sensitiveness of weld metal to breach, and then making ballistic work meet mother metal requirement; But the interpolation of alloying element causes molten pool metal mobility to be deteriorated, and then does not utilize the emersion of slag, causes slag inclusion;
(3), weldering speed is excessively slow, and in advance, welding slag has little time to float welding slag;
(4), in welding process or back chipping time, owing to dealing with improperly, produce sharp-pointed angle in flange plate side or root; Generate slag at sharp corner during welding, slag has certain viscosity, is close to flange plate again, and cooling velocity is fast, after the cooled and solidified of molten bath, and slag also following and emersion and produce slag inclusion, concrete point following three kinds of situations:
1., due to figuration of bead bad, front one weld seam and flange plate side produce sharp-pointed angle; After the weld seam welding of rear road, the sharp corner formed at front road weld seam produces slag inclusion;
2., that front one weld seam and mother metal produce undercut is excessively dark, forms a wedge angle; After the weld seam welding of rear road, the sharp corner formed at front road weld seam produces slag inclusion;
3., carbon plane back chipping time, form a wedge angle at root; Slag inclusion is produced at sharp corner after welding;
For reason given above analyze, determine the points for attention of preventing dreg defect and the measure taked:
1., flux-cored wire welding arc is softer, and electric arc penetrability is poor, fusion penetration is shallow, after the welding of per pass weld seam, conscientiously removes the slag on surface, as find Surface inclusion then adopt sanding machine to polish or carbon plane remove clean after, then carry out the welding of lower road weld seam; When groove width is wider, shunting should be adopted to weld, not answer wide swing;
2., in welding process, welding wire is sent to and is wanted evenly, to float in order to slag; Remain molten bath clearly, make slag and molten bath good separation; Suitable increase of weld current, ensures the molten bath time of staying, prevents cooling too fast, in order to slag emersion;
3., note the forming quality of per pass weld seam, weld metal answers rounding off to mother metal, avoids weld seam and flange plate side mother metal to occur wedge angle; Avoid occurring undercut phenomenon; During back root cleaning, answer back chipping to plane out round and smooth bevel shape, avoid occurring wedge angle phenomenon;
4., by one end of component pave 5 ° ~ 8 °, object is that the slag making to produce in welding process flows behind molten bath, makes slag float over after molten bath;
(5) preheat temperature, is suitably improved to slow down the setting rate in molten bath;
(6), require that welding wire production unit root is according to actual conditions, the de-slag processing performance of the welding wire that it is produced also is adjusted.
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