CN105583506A - Welding process for high-performance steel - Google Patents
Welding process for high-performance steel Download PDFInfo
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- CN105583506A CN105583506A CN201610159186.4A CN201610159186A CN105583506A CN 105583506 A CN105583506 A CN 105583506A CN 201610159186 A CN201610159186 A CN 201610159186A CN 105583506 A CN105583506 A CN 105583506A
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/18—Submerged-arc welding
- B23K9/186—Submerged-arc welding making use of a consumable electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/16—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas
- B23K9/173—Arc welding or cutting making use of shielding gas and of a consumable electrode
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/24—Features related to electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K9/00—Arc welding or cutting
- B23K9/32—Accessories
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Arc Welding In General (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of a process used for fixing or positioning workpieces in operation, in particular to a welding process for high-performance steel. The welding process comprises soldering flux, welding equipment and a gas shielded welder, wherein the welding process comprises the following process steps: a) preheating by adopting an electric heating mode or a flame heating mode, wherein when materials of a welding joint are different, a pre-heating temperature is selected according to steel with relatively high strength or relatively high equivalent carbon content in the joint; b) getting ready for welding, and checking the welding equipment; c) preparing a welding groove, and obtaining the welding groove for high-strength steel by adopting a mechanical processing method; d) carrying out positioned welding; e) assembling the welding joint; f) arranging a run-on tab, a run-off tab and a base plate; g) carrying out weld pre-heating on a steel plate; h) welding; and i) carrying out welding inspection. According to the welding process, the high efficiency and the safety of welding can be guaranteed by the process steps, and therefore, the welding method is suitable for steel for high-rise buildings, a welding steel structure in low-temperature regions and other welding steel structures for bearing load.
Description
[technical field]
The present invention relates to the technology field of fixing or locating for workpiece in operation, specifically a kind of for high propertyThe welding procedure of energy steel.
[background technology]
As everyone knows, welding connects also referred to as welding, Rong, is a kind of mode jointing metal with heating, high temperature or high pressureOr other thermoplastics are as the manufacturing process of plastics and technology. High-strength steel can reduce steel scantling and dead load,Correspondingly reduce welding job amount and welding material consumption, reduce consumption and the construction work thereof of various coatings (antirust, fire prevention etc.)Measure, transport and construction and installation are more prone to, reduce processing and fabricating, transport and the construction and installation cost of steel construction; SimultaneouslyAspect space, reduce scantling and can create larger use clear space; Particularly can reduce the thickness of required steel plate,Thereby the corresponding throat depth that reduces, improves weldquality, improve structural fatigue service life. Adopt high-strength steel significantly to reduceRolled steel dosage, thus greatly reduce the consumption of iron ore resource; Also can reduce that other are renewable and reduce the consumption of welding materialThe consumption of the energy reduces because of the destruction of resource exploitation to environment simultaneously. But in prior art in the welding of high performance steel,Technique is perfect not enough, causes the technological deficiencies such as welding efficiency is low, poor welding quality, has larger potential safety hazard.
[summary of the invention]
Object of the present invention is exactly in order to solve above-mentioned technological deficiency of the prior art, a kind of new technology is provided, executesThe welding procedure for high-performance steel that work efficiency rate is high, comprises solder flux, welding equipment, gas-shielded welder, described welding procedure stepRapid as follows:
A) preheating, pre-thermal recovery Electric heating or flame heating, when welding point material is different, should be by stronger in jointThe preheat temperature that the steel of intensity or higher carbon equivalent are selected;
B) weld preparation and welding equipment inspection, solder flux adopts slug type SJ101, solder flux mounting material explanation before useThe temperature and time that book specifies requires to bake and bank up with earth, and the time is 2 hours, and temperature adopts 300～350 DEG C, and gas is protected the gas that weldering adoptsBody CO2Concentration is more than 99.9%, and gas-shielded welder adopts KR II 500 types, and the welding machine of submerged-arc welding adopts MZ1-1250 type;
C) bevel for welding prepares, and the bevel for welding of high strength steel adopts mechanical process technique to obtain;
D) tack welding, the welding of tack weld should be avoided in initial, the end of weld seam and corner's welding, and arc crater should be filled outFull, forbid striking and blow-out on the mother metal beyond weld zone, tack welding preheat temperature need be higher than formal welding preheat temperature 20～50 DEG C, face of weld must not have crackle, slag inclusion, overlap defect, have the defects such as crackle, pore, slag inclusion during when weld seam, and must be clearAgain welding after removing, the Size of welds of tack welding should not be greater than 2/3 of weld seam design size, and is not more than 6mm, between tack weldingApart from being 300～600mm, the length of tack welding is not less than 40mm;
E) welding point assembling, when erection welding joint, in the time that the misalignment of unequal thickness plate material docking exceedes 3mm, compared with slabShould be by being not more than the transition of 1:2.5 gradient smoothing, wait slab docking unfitness of butt joint should not be greater than 2mm. T connector and angle welding parts rootPortion gap is greater than 1.5mm, and while being less than 5mm, the fillet weld size of angle welding should be increased by root gap;
F) run-on tab, arc-extinguishing plate and backing plate are set;
G) steel plate is carried out to weld preheating, temperature is controlled between 100～150 degree, and bracket place is adopted to flame heating, mainWeld seam and longer butt weld adopt electrical heating, accomplish that mode of heating mutually combines, and ensure that welded member is heated even, layerBetween temperature must not be greater than 230 DEG C;
H) welding, for T connector, banjo fixing butt jointing, corner joint is under conditions permit and the in the situation that workpiece can overturn,Adopt downhand welding mode, weld to free end from restrained end, welded laterally by the center of weldment or the center of weld seam, first weldering laterallyWeld seam welds longitudinal seam again; For double groove weld welding, first weld deep groove, then weld shallow groove, in the time of assembling, adopt contravariantShape measure, reserves allowance for shrinkage in advance; Long weld seam gas is protected weldering and is avoided being from the beginning soldered to tail, adopts backstep sequence and wandering sequence, asThere is double-sided symmetrical weld seam, adopt many people balanced welding, in the time starting to weld, carry out striking apart from the former weld seam arc crater 10～20mm of place, then returnGetting back to former arc crater place welds;
I) Welding Testing, 48 hours postweldings of postwelding detect and check, first carry out the 100%UT inspection of melt-through weldSurvey, should exclude long intact weld seam or the mother metal of the each 50mm in defect two ends, refacing need to reprocess time if internal soundness is defectiveOr after worn gouge carburized layer, adopt penetrate inspection to check whether defect is processed totally, carries out on request preheating before repair welding, pre-The former preheat temperature of ratio of specific heat is high 30 DEG C～50 DEG C of left and right, and strictly control interlayer temperature, the number of rewelding of same position should not exceedTwice, as formulate reworking plan after exceeding at twice o'clock and should ascertaining the reason; Butt welded seam adopts magnifying glass to estimate, and checks that quantity is100%, adopt magnetic powder inspection to carry out self-inspection to deposited metal amount and the larger position of constraint (restraint) degree, flaw detection position be heat affected area andWeld seam, as find that there is face crack, after need ascertaining the reason, reprocess again, and this is carried out to magnetic powder inspection with roughly the same criticizing weld seam 100%Detect.
Described welding equipment inspection comprises and checks that welding equipment properties and parts should be in normal duties,Welding cable should suitably insulate in case any bad electric arc scar or short circuit, and loop folder should be with workpiece in good close contact shapeState, to ensure stable electrical conductivity, ensures the stability of Power supply, avoids welding power-off midway and voltage and crosses great fluctuation process, inspectionLooking into gas piping place has distortionlessly, shrivels etc. and affects air feed phenomenon, and whether gas strong and weak uniformity coefficient in nozzle place is because of in nozzlePortion exists splashes or foreign matter and connect not firm or edge disappearance and cause gas shutoff gas leak phenomenon.
The bevel for welding of described high strength steel adopts flame cutting method, and groove face should be without obvious cut, and cut is darkDegree is not more than 0.2mm, in the time producing local breach, tamps and polishes to smooth, and adopt magnetic with the welding material matchingPowder detects, Crack prevention, and groove face is without dirt, oxide skin, and polish metallic luster.
In step g) in interlayer temperature be 150 degree.
In the composition of steel plate, add trace element, described trace element be Mn and/or Cr and/or Mo and/or V and/Or Ni and/or Cu, wherein carbon equivalent ce (%) value is calculated by following formula: CE (%)=C+Mn/6+ (Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15。
Its processing step of the present invention can ensure high efficiency and the security of welding, applicable to Steels for High Rise Buildings, low temperatureArea welded steel structure and other welded steel structure carrying that takes the weight.
[brief description of the drawings]
Fig. 1 is T connector preheating and the thermometric schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is banjo fixing butt jointing preheating and the thermometric schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is the backstep sequence schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 4 is the wandering sequence schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 5 is angle and position view when welding gun welds in the embodiment of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is welding engineering Quality Control Procedure schematic diagram in the embodiment of the present invention;
As shown in the figure, in figure: 1. weld seam 2. hot spot 3. point for measuring temperature 4. tip a. have welded direction;
Specifying Fig. 6 is Figure of abstract of the present invention.
[detailed description of the invention]
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, the invention will be further described, and the structure of this device and principle are concerning this professional peopleVery clearly. Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein is only in order to explain the present invention, and be not used in restriction originallyInvention.
Using Q460GJ high strength steel as embodiment.
One, Q460GJ (GB/T19879) technical indicator is:
(1) chemical composition
1. the chemical composition of steel should meet the regulation of following table:
The chemical composition (wt%) of steel
2. the tolerance of finished steel plate chemical composition should meet the regulation of GB/T222.
3. for improving the performance of steel, allow to add other trace element, but need in quality certificate, indicate. Wherein carbon is worked asAmount CE (%) value is calculated by following formula:
CE(％)＝C+Mn/6+(Cr+Mo+V)/5+(Ni+Cu)/15
CE calculates with heat analysis result in the time dispatching from the factory, and demanding party can calculate by check analysis in the time reviewing.
(2) condition of delivery
1. normalized condition delivery.
2. edges of plate is with shearing condition or the delivery of flame cut state.
(3) properties of product
Mechanical property of steel plate and cold-bending property result of the test should meet the regulation of following table.
Two, Q460GJ welding procedure and every safeguard measure
1. qualification of welding procedure
According to this project Q460GJC factory and on-the-spot welding method, welding position, joint form, welding material usedMaterial, the material of mother metal and thickness coverage etc. and in conjunction with specification, draft out 18 bond pads technique test plate (panel)s, as follows respectively:
Unit: mm
Preheating can adopt Electric heating or flame heating, controls interlayer temperature and should ensure continuous sequence, welding point materialWhen matter is different, the preheat temperature that should select by the steel of intensity higher carbon equivalent in joint. Commenting properties as this weldering refers toMark after pass the test, and determine after reliable welding condition, and strictly with reference to welding procedure, just can carry out batch weldingProduce.
2. welding procedure and safeguard measure
Preparation before 2.1 welding
2.1.1 material
Ensure that qualified steel and welding material are the basic premises that obtains good welding quality. Therefore this is to class before blankingThe retrial that steel and welding material have been undertaken by specification, its physicochemical property should meet existing national standard. With reference to code requirement alsoIn bond quality guaranty, properties determines the welding material that adopts selection suitable; Its deposited metal that ensures welding point is strongDegree is not less than the lower limit of strength of parent, is listed as follows:
Mechanical property standard value contrast table
| Mother metal/welding wire | Yield strength MP | Tensile strength MPa | Percentage elongation % | Ballistic work J |
| Q460GJC/ER55-D2 | a4 60/470 | 550～720/550 | 17/17 | 34(0℃)/27(-30℃) |
| Q460GJC/H08MnMoA | 460/470 | 550～720/550～700 | 17/20 | 34(0℃)/27(-20℃) |
| Q390GJC/ER50-6 | 390/420 | 490～650/500 | 20/22 | 34(0℃)/27(-30℃) |
| Q390GJC/H08MnA | 390/400 | 490～650/480～660 | 20/22 | 34(0℃)/27(-20℃) |
| Q345GJC/ER50-6 | 345/420 | 490～650/500 | 22/22 | 34(0℃)/27(-30℃) |
| Q345GJC/H08MnA | 345/400 | 490～610/480～660 | 22/22 | 34(0℃)/27(-20℃) |
Welding material is according to material, kind, specification classify and pile up at hothouse, and welding wire must not have corrosion, greasy dirt, and solder flux is notMust be mixed with foreign material. Passed examination can be put in storage, and strict implement welding material preserves, dries, deposits, receives machine account system, andIf special messenger is responsible for. After welding material warehouse-in, external packing should be intact, and storehouse planted agent is dry, clean and tidy, mustn't directly put when ventilating, stackingOn the ground. Generally should be placed on overhead and respectively be not less than on the shelf or backing plate of 300mm with wall, to protect air smoothness. StorehouseIt is too much unsuitable to deposit, and answers first use of advanced person, avoids the storage time long. Solder flux adopts slug type SJ101, and this solder flux is electric arc in the time of weldingBurn more stable, de-slag is easy, and appearance of weld is attractive in appearance, and deposited metal has higher low-temperature impact toughness, coordinatesThe welding of H08MnMoA/H08MnA and applicable low-alloy steel. The temperature that solder flux should specify by materials specification before use and timeBetween require to cure, the time is 2 hours, 300-350 DEG C of temperature. If making moist, porcelain ring can at 100-150 DEG C of temperature, cure 2Hour, locate dormant state. The gas CO2 concentration that gas guarantor weldering adopts must be more than 99.9%.
2.1.2 the inspection of welding equipment
Gas-shielded welder adopts KR II 500 types, and submerged-arc welding adopts MZ1-1250 type. Before welding, check welding equipment propertiesAnd parts should be in normal duty, welding cable should suitably insulate in case any bad electric arc scar or short circuit, loopFolder should be with workpiece in good close contact state to ensure stable electrical conductivity, ensure the stability of Power supply, avoidWeld power-off midway and voltage and cross great fluctuation process. Check that gas piping place has distortionless, shrivel etc. and affect air feed phenomenon, nozzle placeWhether the strong and weak uniformity coefficient of gas splashes or foreign matter and connect not firm or edge disappearance and cause gas shutoff to leak because nozzle interior existsGas phenomenon.
2.1.3 personnel's selection
Before welding, must carry out solder technology and tell somebody what one's real intentions are, comprise this project welded seam quality requirement, welding manner, methodDeng, the object of telling somebody what one's real intentions are is welding personnel and the person skilled that this project is participated in, the content of telling somebody what one's real intentions are embodies in writing, without carrying outSolder technology quality is told somebody what one's real intentions are or is not participated in the personnel of telling somebody what one's real intentions are and resolutely refuse to carry out welding. Welding personnel must be equipped with hand hammer, cutting nipper, millRay machine, wire brush, hairbrush, temperature measurer and protection tool etc.
2.2 welding procedure
2.2.1 preparing of bevel for welding
The bevel for welding of high strength steel adopts mechanical process technique to obtain in principle, as adopted flame cutting method,Groove face should be without obvious cut, and depth of cutting veins is not more than 0.2mm, can be with the welding material matching when producing local breachTamp polishing to smooth, and adopt magnetic to detect, Crack prevention, groove face is without dirt, oxide skin etc., and polishingGo out metallic luster.
2.2.2 tack welding
Positioning welding is more even more important than formal welding in some sense, the importance that must not despise it, the weldering that adoptsConnect material and welding procedure, welding personnel require should with formal weld seam require identical. The welding of tack weld should be avoided in welderingInitial, the end of seam and corner's welding, arc crater should fill up, and forbids striking and blow-out on the mother metal beyond weld zone. LocationWeldering preheat temperature generally need be higher than 20～50 DEG C of formal weld preheating temperature. Face of weld must not have crackle, slag inclusion, overlap etc. to lackFall into, have the defects such as crackle, pore, slag inclusion during when weld seam, welding again after must removing, for the tack weld of cracking, necessaryFirst ascertain the reason, and then remove cracking weld seam. The Size of welds of tack welding should not be greater than 2/3 of weld seam design size, and notBe greater than 6mm, spacing 300～600mm, length should not be less than 40mm.
2.2.3 welding point matching requirements
The groove size assembling mm of tolerance unit
In play movement, forbid to clog discard electrode, iron block etc., in the time that the misalignment of unequal thickness plate material docking exceedes 3mm, thickerPlate should be by being not more than the transition of 1:2.5 gradient smoothing, waits slab docking unfitness of butt joint should not be greater than 2mm. T connector and angle welding partsRoot gap is greater than 1.5mm, and while being less than 5mm, the fillet weld size of angle welding should be increased by root gap.
2.2.4 the requirement of run-on tab, arc-extinguishing plate and backing plate
Striking arc-extinguishing plate is correctly set in addition and is quite necessary because in welding process due to striking current voltage mistakeLittle, when blow-out, often heat is too concentrated, produces thermalization, and this two easily produces defect, as crackle, so must be two performanceUnsettled deposited metal is placed and is drawn on arc-extinguishing plate, ensures weldquality. The main weldering of docking, corner connection, T-shaped, cross jointRun-on tab and the arc-extinguishing plate at seam two ends, its intensity should not be greater than strength of parent, but should have the weldability that welded mother metal is close. DrawThe size of arc plate, arc-extinguishing plate should be not less than 80*80mm. After having welded, the cutting excision of application flame or carbon arc air gouging are removed and are drawnArc plate and arc-extinguishing plate, and must not injure mother metal, and reconditioning is smooth, forbids to shoot down run-on tab and arc-extinguishing plate with hammering, preventsCrackle. Steel lining backing plate is installed must be solid and reliable, and surface does not have and corrodes and floating rust phenomenon.
2.2.5 welding surroundings requirement
Weld job district wind speed, in the time exceeding 2m/s, should arrange wind-proof shed or take other draught exclusion device; In atelierWhen there are draught or air blast in weld job district, also should establish abat-vent by above regulation. The relative humidity in weld job district is notMust be greater than 90%. When weldment surface moisture or while having snow and ice cover, should take the heating dehumidifying measure of drying. Weld job district environmentTemperature during lower than 0 DEG C, should be more than or equal to Member Welding district all directions two times of steel plate thickness and be not less than within the scope of 100mmMother metal, being heated to 20 DEG C can welding after above, and all should be lower than this temperature in welding process. Weld job district environmentExceed afore mentioned rules but must when welding, reply weld job district arrange protection canopy and by construction enterprises work up concrete scheme andMeasure, and can welding after reporting supervising engineer to confirm.
2.2.6 preheating and interlayer temperature
Thicker steel plate internal stress is larger, add proposition to Q460 steel steel carbon equivalent be that weld crack sensitivity refers toThe requirement of number, therefore be an important step to the steel plate weld preheating of this material, object is to reduce the contraction of weld seam and adjacent mother metalStress, ensures slower cooling velocity, is conducive to hydrogen diffusion and prevents weld seam and heat affected area much higher hard, Plasticity Decreasing and crackleGeneration. For the Q460 steel carbon equivalent of purchasing, generally in 0.40～0.45% left and right, tendency of hardenability is also still not serious, therefore rightThis Q460GJC new material, in conjunction with during welding for steel structure regulation and stipulation, carries out weld preheating to steel plate, and temperature is controlled at 100～150Between degree, bracket place is adopted to flame heating, main weld and longer butt weld adopt electrical heating, accomplish that mode of heating is mutualIn conjunction with, it is even that its object ensures that welded member is heated. Before weldering, the minimum preheat temperature of mother metal answers according to the form below to require to carry out:
| Steel classification | t≤20mm | 20<t≤40mm | 40<t≤60mm |
| Q345GJC | Do not require | ≥20℃ | ≥60℃ |
| Q390GJC | ≥20℃ | ≥60℃ | ≥80℃ |
| Q460GJC | ≥20℃ | ≥80℃ | ≥100℃ |
The preheat temperature of joint should be not less than the temperature that table specifies, interlayer temperature must not be greater than 230 DEG C, and interlayer temperature shouldA little more than preheat temperature, interlayer temperature suggestion is controlled at 150 degree left and right. In the time of multi-pass welding, ensure as far as possible continuous sequence, but haveIn particular cases, when welding bead is cooled to the situation of normal temperature sometimes, in addition preheating before welding, if do not go to do like this, just notBe beneficial to the mechanical property of weld seam, preheating is the same to principle with mother metal. In the time of one weld seam of every weldering, clear up on welding bead and cover in timeWelding slag, then in welding bead, carry out backwash with steel brush 2～3 times, ensure the clean of welding bead, thereby reduce all kinds of lacking of weld seamFall into, as slag inclusion, lack of fusion etc. The selection of joint preheating temperature taking compared with slab and other mother metal of the high one-level of intensity as benchmark, shouldFocus on ensureing the preheat temperature of slab side, strictly control the interlayer temperature of thin plate side. When preheating, the surface flame of welding positionOr electrical heating homogeneous heating, heating region is the twice thickness range compared with slab in welded joint, but must not be less than 150mm districtTerritory, as shown in Fig. 1～Fig. 2.
As can not be in reverse side preheating, also can be in positive preheating, but must remove in heating process in weldering when flame heatingSeam and weld seam be the interior carbon distribution producing of 25mm around. Generally, for thickness of slab 25mm, should after stopping heating latter 2 minutes, carry out thermometric,Every increase or reduce 12.5mm, with regard to every increase or reduce 1 minute, as 50mm steel plate, be to carry out thermometric after 4 minutes, by that analogy.For deposited amount or the larger weld seam position of binding force, for avoiding occurring cold crack, can adopt postwelding asbestos to be incubated, protectTemperature time thickness of slab every 25mm is 0.5 hour, but total temperature retention time should not be less than 1 hour, reach temperature retention time after slow cooling to normal temperature.Can under solder technology person or engineer's guidance, carry out if desired after-baking, can be heated to 200～250 DEG C at welded seam areaHydrogen disappears.
2.2.7 welding sequence
Its object of reasonable utilization of so-called welding sequence is to control the deflection of steel member, often in welding process,Blindly welding, tells somebody what one's real intentions are unclear, and welder lacks experience, and steel member very easily produces irregular welding deformation, because stress too collectsIn, after rectification, even cannot reinstatement state, finally can only scrap by selected member, wasting manpower and material resources and various resource greatly,Affect project progress.
For T connector, banjo fixing butt jointing, corner joint, under conditions permit and the in the situation that workpiece can overturn, should adoptDownhand welding mode. General welding, should weld to free end from restrained end, is welded laterally by the center of weldment or the center of weld seam.General horizontal contraction is larger than longitudinal contraction, therefore first longitudinal seam is laterally welded in weldering again; For double groove weld welding,Should first weld deep groove, then weld shallow groove, consider distortion amount of contraction, in the time of assembling, can adopt reversible deformation measure, can reserve in advanceAllowance for shrinkage. Long weld seam gas is protected weldering and is avoided being from the beginning soldered to tail, can adopt backstep sequence and wandering sequence, welds if any double-sided symmetricalSeam, can adopt many people balanced welding, can effectively avoid concentrating because of heat the excessive deformation of bringing member, and as shown in Fig. 3～Fig. 4,Wherein 1., 2., 3., 4., 5. represent welding sequence.
2.2.8 welding condition
Welding condition table
Note: in table, parameter is flat, horizontal position. Vertical position welding current ratio horizontal position welding electric current is little by 10～15%
The welding condition of arc pulling type nail solder
In following above welding condition, also tackle Q460GJC and in welding engineering, note following askingTopic; Not advising going out to smear silicone oil at welding gun mouth, is mainly that silicone oil is smeared too much, has the danger that enters weld seam, nozzle in the time of weldingEnsure, in 20mm left and right, easily to cause gas shield bad from oversize apart from workpiece distance, from immediate cause splash too, welding gun mouth is heldEasily produce and stop up. The rationally angle of Correctly adjust torch swinging, incorrect welding position and easily produce defect, and in conditionIn situation about allowing, select downhand welding as far as possible. When special penetration groove welding, welding gun pitch angle control between 70～80 °, multilayer multiple tracksWhen welding, answer Butt welding gun pivot angle to control, ensure that welding wire is directly to solder side, as shown in Figure 5.
Note carrying out striking apart from the former weld seam arc crater 10～20mm of place in the time starting to weld at welding point, then turn back to former arcWeld at hole place, does not do like this welding line joint and easily produce two kinds of defects, and joint disconnects and joint lack of fusion. For preventingMultiple tracks multilayer welding produces interlayer and lack of penetration, just must note avoiding weld seam and generation valley, groove place shape. These often allIt is the as easy as rolling off a log phenomenon of ignoring in welding engineering.
Three, Q460GJ Welding Testing
Welding Testing generally comprises before weldering, in weldering, postwelding inspection, need strictly follow. Weldering before check technological document as drawing,Whether standard, technological procedure etc. complete, and whether welding material, raw material meet the requirements, and welding equipment is intact no, member assembling andWhether weldment edge quality reaches requirement. In weldering, check welding equipment ruuning situation, the implementation status of welding conditions and techniqueAnd the self-inspection of multilayer welding slag inclusion, the defect such as lack of penetration. Find in time defect, in time rectification. Postwelding checks all weld seams should be byConstruction, management, the quality testing department Weld quality level definite according to design, by national current standard " structural steelwork construction matterAmount acceptance specification " GB50205-2001 checks and checks and accepts, to not meeting the demands, in-problem weld seam must thoroughly be removedReweld.
If improper for this class high strength steel welding procedure of Q460 is to be easy to produce delayed crack, and crackle postpone timeBetween longer, disguised strong, very harmful, so ensureing under the prerequisite of strict welding procedure general 48 hours postweldings of postweldingDetect and check; First entrust the independently third party unit of detection to carry out the 100%UT detection of melt-through weld, if inner matterWhile measuring defective need to reprocessing, should note excluding after the each 50mm in defect two ends, adopt penetrate inspection to check whether defect is processed dryOnly, before repair welding, carry out on request preheating, the high 20 DEG C of left and right of the former preheat temperature of general pre-ratio of specific heat, and strictly control interlayer temperature, withThe number of rewelding of one position should not exceed twice, as exceedes at twice o'clock and answer notification technique personnel and welding engineer, ascertains the reasonAfter, formulate reworking plan, and can reprocess after supervising engineer's accreditation, reprocess operation than normally welding is more strict,Absolutely not can arbitrarily operate. Secondly welding quality person's butt welded seam adopts magnifying glass to estimate, and checks that quantity is 100%, to moltenThe position that metallisation amount and constraint (restraint) degree are larger adopts magnetic powder inspection to carry out self-inspection, and flaw detection position is heat affected area and weld seam, as sent outExisting face crack, reprocesses after need ascertaining the reason again, and this is carried out to magnetic powder inspection detection with roughly the same criticizing weld seam 100%.
Four, brief summary
Through taking the weld seam of above-mentioned measures construction, UT detects percent of pass and reaches more than 99%, has illustrated that this invention reachesArrive the practical function of expection, facts have proved it is feasible effective.
Claims (5)
1. for a welding procedure for high-performance steel, comprise solder flux, welding equipment, gas-shielded welder, described in it is characterized in thatWelding procedure step is as follows:
A) preheating, pre-thermal recovery Electric heating or flame heating, when welding point material is different, should be by stronger intensity in jointOr the preheat temperature of the steel of higher carbon equivalent selection;
B) weld preparation and welding equipment inspection, solder flux adopts slug type SJ101, and solder flux is mounting material description rule before useFixed temperature and time requires to bake and bank up with earth, and the time is 2 hours, and temperature adopts 300～350 DEG C, and gas is protected the gas CO that weldering adopts2Concentration is more than 99.9%, and gas-shielded welder adopts KR II 500 types, and the welding machine of submerged-arc welding adopts MZ1-1250 type;
C) bevel for welding prepares, and the bevel for welding of high strength steel adopts mechanical process technique to obtain;
D) tack welding, the welding of tack weld should be avoided in initial, the end of weld seam and corner's welding, and arc crater should fill up, tightProhibit striking and blow-out on the mother metal beyond weld zone, tack welding preheat temperature need be higher than formal welding preheat temperature 20～50DEG C, face of weld must not have crackle, slag inclusion, overlap defect, have the defects such as crackle, pore, slag inclusion during when weld seam, after must removingAgain welding, the Size of welds of tack welding should not be greater than 2/3 of weld seam design size, and is not more than 6mm, and the spacing of tack welding is300～600mm, the length of tack welding is not less than 40mm;
E) welding point assembling, when erection welding joint, in the time that the misalignment of unequal thickness plate material docking exceedes 3mm, should be by compared with slabBe not more than the transition of 1:2.5 gradient smoothing, wait slab docking unfitness of butt joint should not be greater than 2mm. Between T connector and angle welding parts rootGap is greater than 1.5mm, and while being less than 5mm, the fillet weld size of angle welding should be increased by root gap;
F) run-on tab, arc-extinguishing plate and backing plate are set;
G) steel plate is carried out to weld preheating, temperature is controlled between 100～150 degree, and bracket place is adopted to flame heating, main weldAnd longer butt weld employing electrical heating, accomplish that mode of heating mutually combines, ensure that welded member is heated even, interlayer temperatureDegree must not be greater than 230 DEG C;
H) welding, for T connector, banjo fixing butt jointing, corner joint, under conditions permit and the in the situation that workpiece can overturn, adoptsDownhand welding mode, welds to free end from restrained end, is welded laterally by the center of weldment or the center of weld seam, first welds cross weldWeld again longitudinal seam; For double groove weld welding, first weld deep groove, then weld shallow groove, in the time of assembling, adopt reversible deformation to arrangeExecute, reserve in advance allowance for shrinkage; Long weld seam gas is protected weldering and is avoided being from the beginning soldered to tail, adopts backstep sequence and wandering sequence, if any twoThe symmetrical weld seam of face, adopts many people balanced welding, carries out striking, then turn back in the time starting to weld apart from the former weld seam arc crater 10～20mm of placeWeld at former arc crater place;
I) Welding Testing, 48 hours postweldings of postwelding detect and check, and the 100%UT that first carries out melt-through weld detects, ifInternal soundness is defective should exclude long intact weld seam or the mother metal of the each 50mm in defect two ends, refacing or worn need to reprocess timeAfter gouge carburized layer, adopt penetrate inspection to check whether defect is processed totally, carries out on request preheating before repair welding, pre-ratio of specific heat is formerPreheat temperature is high 30 DEG C～50 DEG C of left and right, and strictly control interlayer temperature, the number of rewelding of same position should not exceed twice, asAfter exceeding at twice o'clock and should ascertaining the reason, formulate reworking plan; Butt welded seam adopts magnifying glass to estimate, and checks that quantity is 100%,Adopt magnetic powder inspection to carry out self-inspection to deposited metal amount and the larger position of constraint (restraint) degree, flaw detection position is heat affected area and weld seam,As find that there is face crack, after need ascertaining the reason, reprocess again, and this is carried out to magnetic powder inspection detection with roughly the same criticizing weld seam 100%.
2. the welding procedure for high-performance steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that described welding equipment inspection bagDraw together and check that welding equipment properties and parts should be in normal duties, welding cable should suitably insulate in case anyGood electric arc scar or short circuit, loop folder should be with workpiece in good close contact state to ensure stable electrical conductivity, ensureThe stability of Power supply, avoids welding power-off midway and voltage and crosses great fluctuation process, checks that gas piping place has distortionless, shrivels etc.And affect air feed phenomenon, the strong and weak uniformity coefficient of nozzle place gas whether because of nozzle interior exist splash or foreign matter and connect not firm orEdge disappearance and cause gas shutoff gas leak phenomenon.
3. the welding procedure for high-performance steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that the welding of described high strength steelGroove adopts flame cutting method, and groove face should be without obvious cut, and depth of cutting veins is not more than 0.2mm, when producing local breachTime, tamp and polish to smooth with the welding material matching, and adopt magnetic to detect, Crack prevention, groove faceWithout dirt, oxide skin, and polish metallic luster.
4. the welding procedure for high-performance steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that in step g) in interlayer temperatureBe 150 degree.
5. the welding procedure for high-performance steel as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that adding in the composition of steel plate micro-Secondary element, described trace element is Mn and/or Cr and/or Mo and/or V and/or Ni and/or Cu, wherein carbon equivalent ce (%)Value is calculated by following formula: CE (%)=C+Mn/6+ (Cr+Mo+V)/5+ (Ni+Cu)/15.
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