CN105074984A - 无穿孔的燃料电池气体扩散层 - Google Patents

无穿孔的燃料电池气体扩散层 Download PDF

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CN105074984A
CN105074984A CN201480009619.7A CN201480009619A CN105074984A CN 105074984 A CN105074984 A CN 105074984A CN 201480009619 A CN201480009619 A CN 201480009619A CN 105074984 A CN105074984 A CN 105074984A
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carbon fiber
fiber paper
paper sheet
gdl
fuel cell
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CN105074984B (zh
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S·莫图帕里
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M4/00—Electrodes
    • H01M4/86—Inert electrodes with catalytic activity, e.g. for fuel cells
    • H01M4/88—Processes of manufacture
    • H01M4/8817—Treatment of supports before application of the catalytic active composition
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D7/14—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by tensioning the work
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H13/00—Pulp or paper, comprising synthetic cellulose or non-cellulose fibres or web-forming material
    • D21H13/36—Inorganic fibres or flakes
    • D21H13/46—Non-siliceous fibres, e.g. from metal oxides
    • D21H13/50—Carbon fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/005—Mechanical treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/02—Details
    • H01M8/0202—Collectors; Separators, e.g. bipolar separators; Interconnectors
    • H01M8/023—Porous and characterised by the material
    • H01M8/0234—Carbonaceous material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
    • B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
    • B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
    • B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
    • B26D2007/082—Guiding or pushing a web into a favorable position by deflector means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/10—Fuel cells with solid electrolytes
    • H01M2008/1095—Fuel cells with polymeric electrolytes
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Abstract

碳纤维纸片(9)从轴(11)上的第一卷绕滚筒(14)前移到绕轴(15)的第二卷。碳纤维纸片绕滚筒(14)的弯曲致使容易解开的纤维从表面向外突出并被附接到固定支座(18)上的锐利刀刃(17)修整掉。或者，碳纤维元件诸如燃料电池气体扩散层(20)可固定在弓形夹具(22)中并且锐利刀刃(31)可沿该元件的表面回转以切掉任何突出的纤维。

Description

无穿孔的燃料电池气体扩散层
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求在2013年2月21日提交的美国临时专利申请US61/767,384的权益。
技术领域
燃料电池气体扩散层(GDL)的碳纤维基底，或用于制作GDL基底的碳纤维纸被弯曲以对纤维加压，从而致使表面附近的松端纤维从气体扩散层或纸的表面突出，此后通过类似于剃须的方法从受压的GDL或纸的表面清除突出的纤维。
背景技术
在PEM(质子交换膜)式燃料电池动力设备中，在反应气体流场与阴极和阳极催化剂层之间设置有多个层，所述阴极和阳极催化剂层又设置在质子交换膜的任一侧。这些层通常称为“气体扩散层”，有时称为“集电器”。气体扩散层的主要功能是以均匀方式输送反应气体(燃料或氧化剂)通过催化剂层和PEM的整体轮廓。
已发现以碳纤维制成的非织造碳纤维纸提供发挥优良性能(电压/电流密度)的GDL，其中反应气体质量输送提高。已在采用固体反应气体流场板的燃料电池和采用多孔反应气体流场板的燃料电池中注意到这些优良特性。
然而，以用于GDL的碳纤维制成的非织造碳纤维纸的使用引起燃料电池的耐久性下降。已确定与碳纤维纸GDL相关联的耐久性的损失是由于与其相关联的质子交换膜中出现小孔、由此允许反应气体渗透并因此燃烧而引起的。这不仅引起受影响的电池的失效，而且由于通过燃料和氧化剂气体的催化反应而产生热点，更可能还影响邻近的燃料电池。
反应剂流场板中的肋部和凹槽的交错通过为了最大限度地减小燃料电池堆中的各层的接触阻力而施加的轴向载荷而在GDL上产生不均匀的应力。结合在碳纤维纸GDL中的纤维从基质解开，从GDL的表面突出，并且进而刺穿质子交换膜，从而导致气体渗透和反应气体的混合。这导致会带来对燃料电池堆的另外的破坏的热集中。
在一般情况下，已通过在GDL与PEM上的催化剂层之间使用通常称为“双层”的细孔层来避免这一问题。然而，这种层减少了质量输送和透水性。
为了避免PEM的穿孔，日本专利公报JP2004/281363提出对GDL使用玻璃纤维基底。这需要以诸如碳或石墨颗粒的导电物质进行重新加载。
US7,144,476中阐述了通过以高比表面积碳颗粒包覆GDL来减少GDL的碳纤维对PEM的穿孔。
加载或包覆减少了反应气体质量输送，其降低了性能和对负载瞬变量的响应。
发明内容
一种处理被用作基底的碳纤维纸GDL或碳纤维纸料以形成GDL的方法采用碳纤维纸或GDL的弧形加压(弯曲)来迫使纤维从表面突出并通过类似于剃须的方法清除突出的纤维的表面。碳纤维纸或GDL的弧形加压的方式使纤维从其一定会与燃料电池的催化剂层邻接的特定表面突出。
在一个示例性实施例中，碳纤维GDL或被用作用于形成GDL的基底的碳纤维纸料被迫使与圆柱形的滚筒或辊筒紧密地贴合，这致使松纤维从碳纤维纸或GDL的表面解开并突出。然后，利用可使用类似于剃刀的工具或尼龙线或金属线执行的修整操作来切掉突出的纤维，从而将表面修整干净。
其它示例落入本发明的主题的范围内。例如，可使用其它使碳纤维纸变形以引起纤维的解开和突出的方法代替使纸或GDL与滚筒或辊筒贴合。突出的纤维的修整可使用激光或本领域中已知的许多修整技术中的另一种技术来实现。
根据下文对附图中所示的示例性实施例的详细描述，其它变型将变得更显而易见。
附图说明
图1是本文的方法的一个实施例的示意性侧视图或平面图。
图2是示出一个替代实施例的简化、程式化的侧视图。
具体实施方式
参照图1，用于制作GDL的碳纤维纸料例如U107的卷9从一个轴11绕滚筒14旋转到另一轴15。随着碳纤维纸绕滚筒1行进，上表面变成凸的。施加至纸的应力引起纤维解开并刺穿纸的凸面。碳纤维纸在其绕滚筒经过时还经过由固定支座18保持的类似于凿刀的锐利切割边缘17下方。锐利刀刃17切割从表面延伸的纤维，由此清除表面的任何突出的纤维。
滚筒14和锐利刀刃17将(沿垂直于图1中的纸面的尺寸)与碳纤维纸9一样宽。或者，窄锐利刀刃17可跨碳纤维纸9往复移行。
当碳纤维纸此后用于燃料电池堆中的GDL中时，不会存在可穿过燃料电池质子交换膜穿孔的突出纤维，因此不会存在小孔、反应气体渗透和燃烧的情况。
作为图1所示的装置的一个替代方案，代替跨经过滚筒14上的碳纤维纸的整个表面延伸的锐利切割边缘17，固定激光器可提供沿与锐利刀刃17相同的范围跨碳纤维纸的宽度的足够的能量束。另一个替代方案可使用激光器，该激光器提供快速地来回扫描以便足够快地接触与锐利刀刃17相同的范围以切掉任何突出的纤维的激光束。
图1中的配置结构可修改成使得轴11和轴15位于滚筒14上方，碳纤维纸在滚筒14下方经过。这将允许切断纤维在重力作用下从碳纤维纸卷落下。
代替在纤维仍接合于被用作基底以形成GDL的细长纸料中的同时修整纤维，本文的方法可在成形的GDL上实施。如图2所示，成形的GDL可被夹到弓形夹具22上。夹具22可包括固定夹25和可动夹26。可动夹26可围绕点27回转并且在安装GDL以清除突出的碳纤维时由销28保持就位。使锐利刀刃31绕点33旋转，点33是GDL在被夹于其上以切掉任何突出的纤维时将搁靠在其上的夹具22的表面的半径的几何中心。
由于可做出所公开的实施例的变化和变型而不脱离该思想的意图，所以并非旨在限制不同于由所附权利要求决定的公开内容。

Claims (5)

1.一种方法，其特征在于：
将碳纤维纸片弯曲成使得其第一表面凸起，以由此解开一些容易解开的纤维并致使所述容易解开的纤维的一部分从该第一表面突出；和
从所述碳纤维纸片的该第一表面修整掉所述容易解开的纤维的一部分。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于：
使所述碳纤维纸片从原料卷沿具有一滚筒的路径前移到辅助卷，所述滚筒随着其改变所述碳纤维纸片的方向而弯曲所述碳纤维纸片。
3.一种设备，其特征在于：
用于将碳纤维纸片弯曲成使得其第一表面凸起以由此解开一些容易解开的纤维并致使所述容易解开的纤维的一部分从所述第一表面突出的装置；和
用于从所述碳纤维纸片的第一表面修整掉所述容易解开的纤维的一部分的装置。
4.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于：用于修整的所述装置包括锐利刀刃。
5.根据权利要求3所述的设备，其特征在于：用于弯曲的所述装置包括滚筒，所述滚筒随着碳纤维纸片从第一卷前移到第二卷而改变所述碳纤维纸片的路径。
CN201480009619.7A 2013-02-21 2014-02-20 无穿孔的燃料电池气体扩散层 Active CN105074984B (zh)

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PCT/US2014/017378 WO2014130665A1 (en) 2013-02-21 2014-02-20 Non-puncturing fuel cell gas diffusion layer

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WO2014130665A1 (en) 2014-08-28
EP2959527A4 (en) 2016-12-21
KR20150122175A (ko) 2015-10-30
JP2016513190A (ja) 2016-05-12
EP2959527A1 (en) 2015-12-30
CN105074984B (zh) 2017-08-11
KR102102275B1 (ko) 2020-04-21
EP2959527B1 (en) 2018-01-03
JP6280933B2 (ja) 2018-02-14

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