CN1050560A - Produce the novel method of beet pulp single cell protein - Google Patents
Produce the novel method of beet pulp single cell protein Download PDFInfo
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- CN1050560A CN1050560A CN 89107689 CN89107689A CN1050560A CN 1050560 A CN1050560 A CN 1050560A CN 89107689 CN89107689 CN 89107689 CN 89107689 A CN89107689 A CN 89107689A CN 1050560 A CN1050560 A CN 1050560A
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Abstract
The protein content of waste beet pulp that beet presses sugar refinery is extremely low, limited its nutritive value as feed.Utilize technology provided by the present invention can make beet pulp change gross protein value into and surpass 45 percent single cell protein.The standard of the optimum protein matter that the amino acid of product is all recommended above Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO except that sulfur-containing amino acid.Nontoxic, the no pathogenicity of product, fragrant odour is easily digested by animal, is colory protein feed.Single cell protein production method provided by the invention has still that facility investment is few, simple to operate, energy consumption is low, with short production cycle, advantages such as transformation efficiency is high, low cost product, environmentally safe.
Description
The invention provides a microorganism mixed culture that utilizes the present invention to make up the beet pulp of protein content extremely low (below 2%) and change protein abundance, complete, the content isostatic single cell protein production method of each seed amino acid into.
The rapid increase of the population of world population, particularly third world countries at present makes the human food prods, and particularly serious crisis appears in the supply of protein-based food.Address this problem the shortage problem that at first must solve the required protein feed of development livestock breeding industry.The production of development single cell protein is the preferred approach that solves present protein feed shortage.The manufacture order cell protein needs cheap raw material and production method cheaply, and the quality of the single cell protein product of producing should above or suitable with the quality of traditional protein feed.Production method provided by the invention has just in time solved the problems referred to above.
Beet pulp is the waste residue of beet-sugar factory.Its main component is pectin substance, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose.Because its protein content extremely low (being not more than 2%) is so can only be as the cellulosic materials roughage of the low nutritive value of ruminating animal.The beet sugar manufacture industrial production has seasonality, is pressing the difficult storage of beet pulp water content big (about 95%) of discharging in season.Except that the method that adopts the heating, drying extruding the wet beet pulp of small portion is made the particle dregs of rice, major part have to be fallen as waste discharge.This has not only wasted natural resources, has also polluted environment.Technology provided by the invention can change the pectin substance in the beet pulp, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose into the single cell protein of rich in protein, improved the nutritive value of beet pulp widely, has also solved its pollution to environment.
In 1986, Taiwan's scholars poplar " Chinese microbiology and Journal of Immunology " the 19 volume 11-22 face report that waits the people once to publish and distribute in vogue in Taiwan, they are seeded in white wood mould (Trichoderma album) with on the solid medium of beet pulp as carbon source, fermenting process through a couple of days makes the crude protein of beet pulp be increased to 20 percent.The Ma Guirong of the Song Yiling of Institute of Light Industry, Shandong Province Department of Food Engineering and institute of microbiology of Shandong University has reported the preliminary study achievement of utilizing beet pulp manufacture order cell protein in " national plant resource explorations and the utilization " scientific seminar that holds on the Changbai Mountain, Jilin Province in August, 1988.They utilize aspergillus oryzae (Aspergillus orgzae) as producing bacterial strain, and the method for employing solid fermentation makes the gross protein value of the beet pulp after the fermentation bring up to 18%.Clearly, in above-mentioned scholars' research work, though do not increased by three times before the gross protein value in the beet pulp after the fermentation more ferments, but calculate according to the carbohydrate content in the beet pulp, above-mentioned scholar just partly is transformed into microprotein with beet pulp, and the most of carbohydrate in the beet pulp still can not be existed by the form of simple stomach animal digestion with Mierocrystalline cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin substance etc.This situation has limited the possibility of protein feed of its conduct other animal (as poultry, pig, fish etc.) except that ruminating animal.
Will beet pulp promptly, high conversion ground changes microorganism cells albumen into and just must find the microorganism with following properties, at first, this microorganism has simultaneously the Mierocrystalline cellulose, pectin substance, the hemicellulose that constitute beet pulp is degraded to the monomeric ability that constitutes these polymers; Secondly, this microorganism has and utilizes these monomers simultaneously and they are transformed into the ability of cellular material.From existing knowledge and experience, this microorganism is impossible exist.Even find a kind ofly to have the microorganism of decomposing above-mentioned polymer ability, owing to catastaticly check effect, this microorganism can not be decomposed the polymer that utilizes above-mentioned formation beet pulp simultaneously in growth.Yet, utilize multiple microorganism synergy might beet pulp promptly, high conversion ground changes single cell protein into.The present invention has made up a mixed culture of being made up of multiple microorganism especially.Have the very synergy of harmony, the low and inadequate phenomenon of utilization of carbon source of the decomposition efficiency that has occurred when having improved during carbohydrate that the form of the polymer that constitutes with multiple sugar of the mixed culture that this kind is made up of hybrid bacterial strain in decomposing beet pulp exists by the polymer in the single microbiological degradation beet pulp.Therefore, this production bacterial strain of being made up of multiple microorganism of the present invention's structure can (1-2 days) almost be converted into microorganism cells to whole pectin substances, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose in the beet pulp in quite short fermentation time.The crude protein of product reaches more than 45%, and the single cell protein that this kind is made of multiple microorganism cells has improved single cell protein casamino acid kind and the often dissatisfactory situation of being made up of the single microorganism cell of ratio.The amino acid of this single cell protein form and each seed amino acid between ratio remove the standard of the optimum protein matter that sulfur-containing amino acid all recommended above United Nations's grain tissue hanging down slightly.Therefore, utilize technology provided by the present invention can utilize beet pulp to produce the fodder additives of high nutrition balance.
Being present in microorganism in the mixed culture that the present invention makes up has constituted one and can effectively utilize the micro-flora of beet pulp for carbon source.Various microorganisms in the mixed culture have constituted the polygene system of polymer in the degraded beet pulp, and to make them nutritionally be self-complacent, therefore very stable.Fermenting process can carry out in open container, and fermented substrate does not need to carry out in advance sterilising treatment.Fermenting process does not exist by the danger of living contaminants.When therefore adopting this invention to produce the beet pulp single cell protein, can save sterilization process fully and to the needs of aseptic compressed air, consumption with save energy (fuel) and attenuating power, and fermentation period is short, the transformation efficiency height, product cost reduces more than 40% than the production process of known best single cell protein.
The microorganism mixed culture that the present invention makes up also has the ability that other cellulosic waste of degraded (for example bagasse, sweet potato residue, manioc waste, potato slag etc.) is produced the high quality single cell protein.Therefore the present invention has application potential quite widely.
The present invention can realize by following measure:
Beet pulp is levigate extremely all by 20 mesh with feed grinder, and it is that 5-10% makes fermentation culture that the interpolation inorganic nutrient solution makes the content of beet pulp in fermented liquid.The mixed culture that inoculation is made up of following seven kinds of microorganisms (inoculum size 1: 10-1: 30):
Terreus (Aspergillus terreus)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)
Bacillus aneurinolytieus (Bacillus thiaminolyticus)
Amur pseudomonas (Pseudomonas stutzeri)
Turn achromobacter (Achromatium valutans)
Ke Shi Cytophaga (Cytophaga Krzemieniewska)
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)
At 32 ℃ of-37 ℃ of following aerated culture 30-40 hours, fermenting process promptly came to an end after the inoculation.
The used inoculum of fermenting process can be the mixture that the axenic culture of above-mentioned seven kinds of microorganisms forms according to the specified proportion collocation, also can obtain the tunning of the remnants of tunning or fermenting container wall and bottom according to the fermenting process of the present invention's indication.Therefore, the present invention can also can adopt the semicontinuous fermentation form to carry out according to the form of batch fermentation.
Add the flocculation agent of the present invention's development in tunning, the prescription of flocculation agent is aluminum chloride 0.1-0.5%, and polyacrylamide 0.0005-0.001% fully can adopt filtration method to obtain moisture 50% work in-process behind the mixing.Through 85 ℃ of warm air dryings, can obtain containing the single-cell protein powder with aromatic odour of the light brown of crude protein more than 45% after the pulverizing.
The present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with embodiment.
One of embodiment
1, with the exsiccant beet pulp particle dregs of rice, is crushed to by 20 mesh standard sieves with size reduction machinery (as feed grinder);
2, in 5 parts of chippy beet pulps, add 95 portions of nutritive mediums (pH transfers to 4.5-8.0) of forming by mineral compound such as urea, ammonium sulfate, phosphoric acid salt, sal epsom;
3, according to the volume of fermented liquid inoculation 1/10-1/30 volume by seven kinds of mixed cultures that microorganism is formed such as terreus;
4, fermenting process is 300 rev/mins at rotating speed, and eccentricity is to carry out 31 hours (shaking bottle is 150 milliliters of triangular flasks, 30 milliliters of loading amounts) in 37 ℃ of constant temperature shaking tables of 2cm;
5, in fermented liquid, add flocculation agent, the after-filtration that stirs (filtrate can be used as batching water next time, with water saving, and eliminates its pollution to environment).
6, filter cake is put in 85 ℃ the baking oven and is dried, and can obtain crude protein content after the pulverizing more than 45%, the amino acid A wide selection of colours and designs, and also the amino acid that meets the optimum protein matter that Food and Argriculture OrganizationFAO (FAO) recommends is formed (seeing the following form).Product is the single cell protein of nontoxic, the no pathogenicity that has aromatic odour of light brown.
Two of embodiment
1, with water content be the fresh beet pulp of 90-95% with a certain amount of urea, ammonium sulfate, phosphoric acid salt, mineral compound such as sal epsom mix, with soybean milk grinding machine defibrination (pH transfers to 4.0-8.0);
2, according to the volume of the fermented liquid that makes inoculation 1/10-1/30 volume by seven kinds of mixed cultures that microorganism is formed such as terreus;
3, fermenting process is 300 rev/mins at rotating speed, and eccentricity is to carry out 31 hours (shaking bottle is 30 milliliters of 150 milliliters of triangular flasks, loading amounts) in 37 ℃ of constant temperature shaking tables of 2cm;
4, add flocculation agent in fermented liquid, after-filtration stirs.
5, filter cake is put in 85 ℃ the baking oven and is dried, and can obtain crude protein content after the pulverizing more than 45%, the amino acid A wide selection of colours and designs, and also the amino acid that meets the optimum protein matter that FAO recommends is formed the single cell protein product (seeing the following form) of standard.Product is light yellow, has the single cell protein of nontoxic, the no pathogenicity of aromatic odour.
The amino acid composition of beet pulp single cell protein and FAO recommendation are relatively
| Amino acid is formed | Content in product (%) | Amount (gram) in per 100 gram protein | FAO recommendation (gram) |
| Aspartic acid | 3.85 | 10.40 | - |
| Threonine | 2.05 | 5.54 | 2.8 |
| Serine | 1.82 | 4.92 | - |
| L-glutamic acid | 5.11 | 13.80 | - |
| Glycine | 2.16 | 5.83 | - |
| L-Ala | 2.67 | 7.21 | - |
| Gelucystine | 0.25 | 0.68 | 2.0 |
| Xie Ansuan | 2.65 | 7.26 | 4.8 |
| Methionine(Met) | 0.64 | 1.73 | 2.4 |
| Isoleucine | 2.19 | 5.92 | 4.2 |
| Leucine | 3.22 | 8.70 | 4.8 |
| Tyrosine | 1.57 | 4.24 | 4.2 |
| Phenylalanine | 1.85 | 5.00 | 2.8 |
| Methionin | 2.12 | 5.73 | 4.2 |
| Histidine | 0.74 | 2.00 | - |
| Arginine | 1.98 | 5.35 | - |
| Proline(Pro) | 1.60 | 4.32 | - |
| Tryptophane | 0.55 | 1.50 | 1.4 |
| Summation | 37.02 | 100.13 |
Claims (4)
1, a kind of novel method of utilizing the microorganism mixed culture to produce the beet pulp single cell protein is characterized in that:
(1) said microorganism mixed culture be by:
Terreus (Aspergillus trreus)
Ke Shi Cytophaga (Cytophaga Krzemieniewska)
Separate thiamine genus bacillus (Bacillus thiaminolyticus)
Amur pseudomonas (Pseudomonas stutzeri)
Execute achromobacter (Achromatium valutans)
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus (Acinetobacter calcoaceticus)
Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (Bacillus amyloliquefaciens) is formed.
(2) biological property of microorganism mixed culture.
Mixed culture in the liquid fermentation medium that with the beet pulp is carbon source under the condition at aerated culture ramp become thickly, the cell suspending liquid pH with fragrant is at 4.5-8.0 scope (best pH6.0).It can change into single-cell protein with pectin substance, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose, and its transformation efficiency is more than 50%.Amino acid whose composition is:
(3) said microorganism mixed culture has extremely strong contamination resistance, in process of production the fermented liquid of Shi Yonging need not sterilize and any disinfecting can put into production.
(4) said microorganism mixed culture is: under 32 °-37 ℃ temperature, shaking culture 30-48 hour, this mixed culture can directly decompose and utilizes pectin substance, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose, and with pectin substance, Mierocrystalline cellulose and hemicellulose as unique carbon source, aspect nutrition, form self-complacent microorganism system.
2, produce beet pulp single cell protein novel method according to the microorganism mixed culture of saying in the claim 1, it is characterized in that:
The prescription of flocculation agent is: aluminum chloride 0.1-0.5% and polyacrylamide 0.0005-0.001%.
3, produce beet pulp single cell protein novel method according to the microorganism mixed culture of saying in the claim 1,2, it is characterized in that: the fermented waste fluid after the results product not only can be used as the bacterial classification source of the fresh substratum of preparation, and fermenting process is had promoter action.
4, produce beet pulp single cell protein novel method according to the microorganism mixed culture of saying in the claim 1,2,3, it is characterized in that: this kind can be used for other cellulose substances (as bagasse, sweet potato residue, manioc waste, potato slag etc.) is converted into the Industrial processes of single cell protein by seven kinds of microorganism mixed cultures.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 89107689 CN1050560A (en) | 1989-09-25 | 1989-09-25 | Produce the novel method of beet pulp single cell protein |
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| CN 89107689 CN1050560A (en) | 1989-09-25 | 1989-09-25 | Produce the novel method of beet pulp single cell protein |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1314325C (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-05-09 | 云南农业大学 | Biological prepn. for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjak, and its application |
| CN101173229B (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2010-06-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Spherosinin degradation bacterium calcium acetate fixed bacillus YLZZ-1 and method for producing the same |
| CN101426378B (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2012-05-23 | 塔明克公司 | Use of glycerin compound in preparing medicine for treatment of poultry for increasing the feed conversion rate or for reducing the incidence of ascites |
| CN103805546A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-21 | 浙江师范大学 | Acinetobacter johnsonii AJ-3 strain and application thereof |
-
1989
- 1989-09-25 CN CN 89107689 patent/CN1050560A/en active Pending
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1314325C (en) * | 2005-12-27 | 2007-05-09 | 云南农业大学 | Biological prepn. for preventing and controlling soft rot of konjak, and its application |
| CN101426378B (en) * | 2006-03-21 | 2012-05-23 | 塔明克公司 | Use of glycerin compound in preparing medicine for treatment of poultry for increasing the feed conversion rate or for reducing the incidence of ascites |
| CN101173229B (en) * | 2007-09-21 | 2010-06-09 | 西北农林科技大学 | Spherosinin degradation bacterium calcium acetate fixed bacillus YLZZ-1 and method for producing the same |
| CN103805546A (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2014-05-21 | 浙江师范大学 | Acinetobacter johnsonii AJ-3 strain and application thereof |
| CN103805546B (en) * | 2014-03-03 | 2016-01-20 | 浙江师范大学 | Acinetobacter johnsonii AJ-3 bacterial strain and uses thereof |
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