CN105052723B - A kind of pollinating method for improving corn pollination efficiency - Google Patents
A kind of pollinating method for improving corn pollination efficiency Download PDFInfo
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- CN105052723B CN105052723B CN201510416431.0A CN201510416431A CN105052723B CN 105052723 B CN105052723 B CN 105052723B CN 201510416431 A CN201510416431 A CN 201510416431A CN 105052723 B CN105052723 B CN 105052723B
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- cut
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Abstract
The invention belongs to crop breeding field, there is provided a kind of pollinating method of raising corn pollination efficiency.The method first carries out level to the bract of maize ear and cuts, and cuts off the top of the bract；Bract to cutting off top is tiltedly cut and side is cut again, removes the bract around filigree, exposes filigree；Immediately pollen is spilt in the outside of the filigree again.After the completion of the pruning of the present invention, the length for exposing the filigree of bract is 1 2cm, can just reach the standard of pollination, and then directly pollination just may be used；This method is simple and quick, it is only necessary to cut 5 bracts, filigree just can be allowed to meet the requirement of pollination, realized, improve the effect of breeding efficiency again.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to crop breeding field, and in particular to a kind of pollinating method of raising corn pollination efficiency.
Background technology
Semen Maydiss are one of most important cereal crops in the world, have become grain, economy, feedstuff, fruit and vegerable, the energy etc. many
First purposes crop, maize sown area and yield are always held at first, the whole nation since two thousand six[1]。
As production is upper increasing to Semen Maydiss demand, inevitable requirement corn breeding also closelys follow paces, and bagging is pollinated
It is then the key link of corn hybridization breeding[2].In actual breeding process, because of flowering asynchronism caused by arid or other reasons
(florescence is uncomfortable) is frequently problem, i.e. the tassel loose powder of Semen Maydiss is over, but female fringe is because bract is long or bract
Parcel does not relatively tightly but also spin, and this is just pollination with next no small trouble[3-4].Common solution is away from female with shears
Bract is cut off at the 2-3cm of tip of the spike, is to improve Pollination Effect, the next day filigree such as need extends and is higher by bract 1-2cm pollinates again[5]。
The deficiency of this method is the time of more than ten hours such as also needing of pollinating, such as tassel pollen amount seldom, during wait
Pollen Activity also declines therewith, so wastes the time, have impact on pollination efficiency again.
It is that bract level is cut off currently for the conventional operational approach of flowering asynchronism, in order to improve Pollination Effect, needs
Filigree exposes 1-2 centimetre of bract, therefore can only be pollinated by second day again after bagging.So for the plant that the florescence is more or less the same
Strain or cross combination are preferable, but in actual breeding process, between female tassel, the florescence differs larger situation and has a lot, in choosing
In with combination or pollination self, grown with filigrees such as the times of one day, possible pollen has dispersed, Pollen Activity is likely to become
Difference, so both have impact on breeding and pollination progress, it is also difficult to ensure solid effect；If running into drought condition, even if cutting off
Bract, filigree are likely to normally to stretch out, pollination it is difficult to ensure that.Additionally, pollination will wait time of one day, waste manpower and
Time, virtually also increase cost.Research shows that there is the ability for receiving pollen and being fertilized at each position of filigree[6-7],
And in existing pollinating method, the method for not yet working out using this kind of ability of filigree to improve the pollination efficiency of Semen Maydiss.
It is as follows above with reference to document：
[1] Chen Haijun. Northern cold area of Heilongjiang Province maize high-yield culture technique [J]. Exploitation of Agriculture in Heilongjiang science, 2012,
12:153-155.
[2] Wu Jiangtao. Semen Maydiss bagging pollination operating technology code [J]. China seed industry, 2013.9.
[3] Han Pumin, Zhao Jing, Liu Zhidan, etc. problem present in Semen Maydiss bagging pollinating process and Prevention method [J]. it is existing
For agricultural science and technology, 2014,15:69-70.
[4] Li Guijuan, Xu Jiasheng. Semen Maydiss male and female flowering asynchronism producing cause analyzes [J]. rural area practicality scientific and technological information,
2013,11:36.
[5] Yuan great Peng. the reason for corn seed producing flowering asynchronism and countermeasure [J]. modern agriculture, 2013,8:53-53.
[6] Li Jincai, Cui Yanhong, Dong Hairong, etc. corn capillament growth promoter and fertilization capability study progress [J].
Jouranl of Agricultural University of Hebei, 2002,1:86-89.
[7] Li Jincai, Dong Hairong, Wang Yanzhe, etc. the research [J] of summer corn filigree anatomical structure and fertilization ability.
Maize Sciences, 2003, II (I):57-59.
The content of the invention
The present invention provides a kind of pollinating method for improving corn pollination efficiency, and the pollinating method elder generation level cuts off female fringe bud
Leaf, then Jing tiltedly cuts, side is cut, and removes the bract around filigree, exposes filigree；Again pollen is spilt in the outside of the filigree.Should
Pollinating method can shorten pollination time, and improve breeding efficiency.
The present invention is achieved by the following technical solutions：
A kind of pollinating method for improving corn pollination efficiency, including：First level is carried out to the bract of maize ear to cut, cut off
The top of the bract；Bract to cutting off top is tiltedly cut and side is cut again, removes the bract around filigree, reveals filigree
Go out；Immediately pollen is spilt in the outside of the filigree again.
Above pollinating method preferred embodiment in, the level is cut to：Level cuts off the top of bract, so as to
Form horizontal cut；It is described to be tiltedly cut to：In the opposite sides of the bract for cutting off top, with below the horizontal cut as base
Portion, with filigree top as upper end, cuts off bract, obliquely so as to form angular cut；The side is cut to：From the base of the angular cut
Portion rises, and cuts off unnecessary bract from side, so as to form the pollination otch less than filigree top.
Above pollinating method preferred embodiment in, described in the positional distance that the level is cut maize ear tip
Length account for the 10%-40% of the maize ear total length.
Above pollinating method preferred embodiment in, the horizontal cut is concordant with filigree top.
Above pollinating method preferred embodiment in, the position tiltedly cut is：Apart from the horizontal cut with
Under, at the 10%-25% of maize ear total length, at preferably 16.7% be base portion.
Above pollinating method preferred embodiment in, the side is cut to：From the beginning of the base portion of the angular cut, edge
Diagonal upward direction prunes away unnecessary bract at twice.
Above pollinating method preferred embodiment in, when the side is cut, pruning tool is close to the interior of the bract
Side.
Above pollinating method preferred embodiment in, after the side is cut, the filigree from it is described pollination otch in
Expose 1-2cm.
Compared to existing technology, the present invention has the advantages that：
1st, after the completion of pruning of the invention, the length for exposing the filigree of bract is 1-2cm, can just reach the mark of pollination
Standard, then directly pollination just may be used；This method is simple and quick, it is only necessary to cut 5 bracts, and filigree just can be allowed to meet the requirement of pollination,
Realize, improve the effect of breeding efficiency again.
2nd, a shears are only needed during pruning of the invention, prunes bract 5 times, thus it is simple to operate quick, it is easy to it is fast
Speed is grasped, and saves manpower.
3rd, after the completion of pruning of the invention, milpa need not wait until that next day pollinates again again, but cut bract and just may be used
Directly pollinate, saved the time.
4th, the present invention is limited less by environmental condition, and filigree directly can expose, and will not be affected by external condition.
5th, the filigree length after the present invention is pruned can manual control, and pollen can fall on the outer wall of filigree, so as to can
To improve solid effect.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1：Milpa each several part organ schematic diagram.Wherein, each numbering is represented：1：Female fringe, 2：Tassel, 3：Leaf, 4：
Stem, 5：Root.
Fig. 2：The pruning position view that the level of the maize ear of step (1) is cut in embodiment 1.Wherein, each numbering
Represent：6：Filigree, 7：Cob, 8：Bract, 201：The position that level is cut.
Fig. 3：Form schematic diagram after the level of the maize ear of step (1) is cut in embodiment 1.Wherein, numbering is represented：
31：Horizontal cut.
Fig. 4：The pruning position view tiltedly cut of the maize ear of step (2) and (3) in embodiment 1.Wherein, each volume
Number represent：402：The position tiltedly cut for the first time, 403：The position tiltedly cut for the second time.
Fig. 5：Form schematic diagram in embodiment 1 after the completion of step (2), after tiltedly the cutting of maize ear.Wherein, numbering generation
Table：51：The angular cut formed after tiltedly cutting for the first time.
Fig. 6：The pruning position view that the side of the maize ear of step (4) (5) is cut in embodiment 1.Wherein, each numbering
Represent：604：The position cut of first time side, 605：The position that second side is cut.
Fig. 7：In embodiment 1 after the completion of step (5), the side of maize ear cut after form schematic diagram.Wherein, numbering generation
Table：71：Pollination otch.
Specific embodiment
A kind of pollinating method for improving corn pollination efficiency, comprises the following steps：
The first step, level are cut：From away from female fringe tip, (specifically, can be with the 10%-40% of maize ear total length
From at the 3-5cm of female fringe tip), level cuts off the top of bract, forms the horizontal cut concordant with filigree top.
The length of the maize ear is 18-23cm.
The principle of operation can be to see filigree, and not injure female fringe cob.
Second step, tiltedly cut：In the opposite sides of remaining bract, from below the horizontal cut, maize ear overall length
At the 10%-25% of degree, at preferably 16.7% for base portion (specifically, can from apart from the downward 2-4cm of the horizontal cut,
It is preferred that being base portion at 3cm), with filigree top as upper end, bract is cut off obliquely.So, in the opposite sides of remaining bract, just
Define two angular cuts.
Note trying not to cut filigree during tiltedly cutting.
3rd step, side are cut：From the beginning of the base portion of one of angular cut, from side diagonally go up direction prune away it is unnecessary
Bract；Another angular cut of offside is pruned according still further to same method, so as to form the pollination otch less than filigree top, flower
Silk exposes 1-2cm from pollination otch, can just meet the requirement of preferable pollination.
Should be noted in operation that shears to be close to the inner side of bract.
4th step：Pollination：After pruning is completed, immediately pollen uniformly can be sprinkled upon on the filigree exposed at the top of bract,
Complete pollination.
In the pollinating method that the present invention is provided, find in actual mechanical process, best effect still allows pollen to fall
On filigree outer wall, more pollen can so contacted with filigree, improve the effect of pollination.For solving florescence infertility at present
The deficiency of method, the present invention are made that innovation, and operational approach is that first level cuts off bract, can be seen in the case where cob is not cut
To filigree, then from the beginning of the position away from 2-4 centimetre at the top of bract, peripheral bract is cut off obliquely with shears, in its diagonal angle
Also repeat identical operation, finally both sides remaining bract is cut from the otch place of flushing for cutting off before, filigree is directly revealed
Go out, so, the length of the filigree for exposing is about 2cm, can just reach the standard of pollination, then directly pollinates at once, it is ensured that
Being smoothed out for pollination, has saved the time, has improve efficiency.Additionally, when traditional pollinating method is because waiting filigree elongation to need 1 day
Between, such as pollen amount is less, and waiting process can cause Pollen Activity to decline, and the present invention is extended without waiting for filigree, can be awarded immediately
Powder, it is ensured that preferable solid effect.The pruning of the present invention is particularly well-suited to the maize ear of flowering asynchronism (florescence is uncomfortable).This
Bright method is simple and quick, it is only necessary to which one shears, cuts 5 bracts, and filigree just can be allowed to meet the requirement of pollination.
With reference to specific embodiment, the present invention is expanded on further.It should be understood that these embodiments be only used for the present invention and not
For limiting the scope of the present invention.Externally it should be understood that after present disclosure has been read, those skilled in the art are to this
Bright to make various changes or modifications, these equivalent form of values equally fall within the application appended claims limited range.
Embodiment 1
The present embodiment illustrates the concrete steps of the pollinating method of the present invention with reference to Fig. 1-Fig. 7.
As shown in figure 1, the milpa of conventional variety includes following organ：Female fringe 1, tassel 2, leaf 3, stem 4, root 5.This reality
The pruning that example is aimed at female fringe 1 is applied, the length of the maize ear is 18-23cm.
Pollinating method in the present embodiment is comprised the following steps：
(1) level is cut：From at the 201 of Fig. 2, level cuts off the top of the bract 8 in female fringe 1, formed horizontal cut 31 (see
Fig. 3), sophisticated 3-5cm of the horizontal cut apart from female fringe 1, the principle of pruning can be to see filigree 6 from the side of female fringe, and
Female fringe cob 7 is not injured.
(2) tiltedly cut for the first time：As shown in figure 4, from the beginning of at horizontal cut 31 downwards 3cm, upper end is with the top of filigree 6
End margin is boundary, cuts off unnecessary bract obliquely, the position tiltedly cut see in Fig. 4 402 at, try not to cut filigree 6, shape
Into an angular cut 51 (see Fig. 5)；Fig. 5 is the side schematic view of the form of female fringe in Fig. 4 Jing after the pruning of this step.
(3) tiltedly cut for the second time：As shown in figure 4, the diagonal position in step (2) cuts off unnecessary bract, operational approach
Same step (2), the position tiltedly cut see in Fig. 4 403 at, be still to try to cut filigree, form another angular cut (not
Diagram).
(4) first time side is cut：From step (2) and step (3) cut after 2 angular cut base portions from the beginning of, be close to shears
Bract side cuts off unnecessary bract, the position that side is cut see in Fig. 6 604 at.
Cut (5) second side：Repeat step (4), cuts off the unnecessary bract of offside, and the position that side is cut sees in Fig. 6 605
Place.
(6) after the completion of above-mentioned steps (5), pollination otch 71 (see Fig. 7) on remaining bract, can be formed, filigree just can be from
Expose 2cm at the top of bract in pollination otch 71, the effect after the completion of pruning is as shown in Figure 7.
(7) pollen for collecting equably is sprinkling upon on the outer wall for exposing the filigree at the top of bract.
Comparative example
This comparative example is, in the case where the Semen Maydiss florescence is uncoordinated, Semen Maydiss to be entered with the method for traditional method and embodiment 1
Row is pruned and is pollinated, and compares the effect of the two.
(1) from a piece of experimental plot, same breed, 60 plants of Semen Maydiss of similar growth potential are chosen, female fringe length is in 18-
Between 23cm；
Matched group：Wherein, the female fringe of 30 plants of milpas is pollinated using traditional method：With shears away from female fringe top 2-
After bract is cut off at 3cm, wait next day filigree to extend and be higher by bract 1-2cm and pollinate again；
Test group：The female fringe of 30 plants of other milpas is pollinated using the method for embodiment 1.
(2) more than, two groups of milpas are compared to the average setting percentage of the two 20 days after pollination, as a result as follows
Table：
The computational methods of above-mentioned average setting percentage are as follows：
Average setting percentage (%)=(30 female fringe Cone crop sum/30) × 100%
| Test group | Pollination time | Female fringe spike number | Average setting percentage |
| Matched group | Cut next day pollination after bract | 30 | 60.50% |
| Test group | Cut bract dew filigree to pollinate at once | 30 | 68.20% |
As can be seen that using the pollinating method of embodiment 1, average setting percentage is higher than traditional method, and solid effect is preferable.
Claims (8)
1. it is a kind of improve corn pollination efficiency pollinating method, it is characterised in that：The pollinating method includes：First to maize ear
Bract carry out level and cut, cut off the top of the bract；Bract to cutting off top is tiltedly cut and side is cut again, removes filigree
The bract of surrounding, exposes filigree；Immediately pollen is spilt in the outside of the filigree again；
The level is cut to：Level cuts off the top of bract, so as to form horizontal cut；
It is described to be tiltedly cut to：In the opposite sides of the bract for cutting off top, with below the horizontal cut as base portion, with filigree top
Hold as upper end, cut off bract obliquely, so as to form angular cut；
The side is cut to：From the base portion of the angular cut, unnecessary bract is cut off from side, so as to be formed less than filigree top
Pollination otch.
2. pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Described in the positional distance that the level is cut, the length at maize ear tip accounts for the 10%- of the maize ear total length
40%.
3. pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The horizontal cut is concordant with filigree top.
4. pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The position tiltedly cut is：It is base portion below the horizontal cut, at the 10%-25% of maize ear total length.
5. pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The position tiltedly cut is：Below the horizontal cut, maize ear total length 16.7% at be base portion.
6. pollinating method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
The side is cut to：From the beginning of the base portion of the angular cut, diagonally go up direction and prune away unnecessary bract at twice.
7. the pollinating method according to claim 1 or 6, it is characterised in that：
When the side is cut, pruning tool is close to the inner side of the bract.
8. pollinating method according to claim 7, it is characterised in that：
After the side is cut, the filigree exposes 1-2cm from the pollination otch.
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| CN106332773B (en) * | 2016-08-30 | 2019-04-05 | 张掖市农业科学研究院 | Corn hybridization pollination rotation hinged joint female fringe bagging method and pollinating method |
| CN106954479A (en) * | 2017-03-10 | 2017-07-18 | 北京农业生物技术研究中心 | A kind of method for determining the zasiokaurin tube passage formation time |
| CN109380110A (en) * | 2018-11-13 | 2019-02-26 | 广西壮族自治区农业科学院 | A kind of corn hybridization pollinating method |
| CN110268975A (en) * | 2019-06-19 | 2019-09-24 | 宁波市镇海金果园蔬果专业合作社 | A kind of pollinating method improving fruit corn yield |
| CN110178723B (en) * | 2019-07-10 | 2021-01-12 | 长江师范学院 | Maize hybrid pollination ware |
| CN112154876B (en) * | 2020-09-27 | 2022-08-30 | 黑龙江八一农垦大学 | Canopy regulating and controlling method for improving mechanical corn grain harvesting quality and grain commodity quality |
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| CN101731138A (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2010-06-16 | 李新村 | Compact corn seed producing method |
| CN101990842A (en) * | 2009-08-13 | 2011-03-30 | 孙刚 | Corn hybrid high-yield seed making method |
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