CN105043770B - A kind of abnormal determination methods of wind generating set vibration and its device - Google Patents
A kind of abnormal determination methods of wind generating set vibration and its device Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a kind of abnormal determination methods of wind generating set vibration and its device, the method includes：Gather the rotating speed and vibration data of Wind turbines；Rotating speed is divided into K sections by step-length of step1, each section of maximum vibration acceleration A X_k, AY_k and its correspondence rotating speed GSX_k, GSY_k is asked；Rotating speed is divided into N sections by step-length of step2, obtaining the corresponding interpolation of rotating speed sequence GS_n with curve interpolation method accelerates degree series AX_n and AY_n；The extreme value of AX_n and AY_n is asked to accelerate degree series AX_n_max and AY_n_max, and its corresponding rotating speed sequence GS_n_X and GS_n_Y；Judge whether abnormal vibration occur according to the number of extreme value acceleration, correspondence vibration amplitude and concentration class in each rotating speed interval.The present invention can early have found Wind turbines initial failure hidden danger, for the maintenance and replacing of critical component provide basis for estimation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vibration protection field of Wind turbines, the abnormal judgement of more particularly to a kind of wind generating set vibration
Method and its device.
Background technology
With continuing to develop and increasingly perfect for wind turbine technology, the past traditional passive tupe of failure warp-wise master
Dynamic Warning Service Mode change, and rising or the drop with Wind turbines monitoring state amount are not only satisfied with active forewarning service
It is low to be used as early-warning parameterses, but towards running status residing for the distribution according to monitoring state amount, variation tendency, Wind turbines etc.
Aspect develops carrying out the direction of comprehensive analysis early warning.
For megawatt-grade high-power direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines, its critical piece such as blade, generator, tower etc. have respectively
From mechanical oscillation mode.Vibration is an important behaviour of running of wind generating set feature, and Wind turbines are in different operation work(
Under rate state, and the change of the Wind turbines degree of fatigue of critical piece in itself can all cause Wind turbines different situations occur
Vibration performance.At present, for the vibration protection of Wind turbines, mainly according to the vibrating sensor reality for being arranged on engine room inside
When the vibration values monitored realize, when vibration values exceed the alarming threshold value of setting, then Wind turbines quote vibration transfinite therefore
Barrier signal is simultaneously shut down.But in actual motion, when the critical component (such as generator, blade, bearing etc.) of Wind turbines occurs
When damaging or be abnormal, the wind generating set vibration of initiation often changes little in amplitude, and conventional method is difficult detection and finds, so
Often make running of wind generating set in " inferior health " state, in the course of time, cause Wind turbines critical component to occur irreversible
Damage, make Wind turbines for a long time under the stopped status, bring bigger economic loss.
At present for the vibration protection under running of wind generating set state, mainly the vibration of vibrating sensor real-time monitoring
Value is transferred in master control system, in each cycle period by with master control system in the alarming threshold value that sets compare.When
When vibration values exceed the vibration threshold values that master control system is set, then master control system is quoted the failure that transfinites of vibration and is shut down, and waits clothes
Wind turbines can restart operation after business personnel carry out Wind turbines reset.
A kind of above-mentioned existing Wind turbines abnormal vibrations guard method, though user is provided in Wind turbines exception
The control program protected under Vibration Condition, but have been found that it has some shortcomings in practical application, it is impossible to reach very
Good effect, its shortcoming can be summarized as follows：
1st, existing vibration protection sets single vibration alarming threshold values to Wind turbines, and does not differentiate between the operation of Wind turbines
State, residing operation power interval, for the initial failure sign that core component occurs, it is impossible to effectively screen and find, often make
Wind turbines are chronically at the state of " inferior health operation ", in the course of time, be easily caused Wind turbines and irreversible damage occurs
It is bad.
2nd, existing vibration protection mechanism can only be shut down when vibration increases to a certain extent, wait personnel multiple after overhauling
Position restarting, targetedly control strategy does not reduce time of shutdown.
As can be seen here, the guard method of above-mentioned existing Wind turbines abnormal vibrations is upper with use in method, it is clear that still suffer from
There are inconvenience and defect, and be urgently further improved.How founding one kind can early find unit initial failure hidden danger,
Wind turbines " inferior health operation " time is reduced, is reduced while the maintenance for critical component and replacing provide basis for estimation and stopped
The determination methods and its device of the new wind generating set vibration exception of machine time and economic loss, the real current important research and development problem of category
One of.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of abnormal determination methods of wind generating set vibration, can and
It is early to find Wind turbines initial failure hidden danger, reduce Wind turbines " inferior health operation " time, the maintenance for critical component with
Change and downtime and economic loss are reduced while basis for estimation is provided, so as to overcome existing unit abnormal vibrations guard method
Deficiency.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of abnormal determination methods of wind generating set vibration of the invention, comprise the following steps：
The rotating speed and vibration data of A, collection Wind turbines, with unit axially for X to, be radially Y-direction, the vibration data that collects of calculating
X to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY；B, Wind turbines rotating speed is divided into K sections by step-length of step1, and obtained
Maximum vibration acceleration A X_k and its corresponding minimum generating unit speed GSX_k in kth section X-direction, in kth section Y-direction most
Big vibration acceleration AY_k and its corresponding minimum generating unit speed GSY_k；C, Wind turbines rotating speed is divided into by step-length of step2
N sections, generating unit speed sequence GS_n is formed, wherein step2 is much smaller than step1, afterwards according to sequence (GSX_k, AX_k) and (GSY_
K, AY_k), the interpolation obtained with curve interpolation method in group corresponding X-directions of rotating speed sequence GS_n accelerates degree series AX_n and Y side
Upward interpolation accelerates degree series AY_n；D, according to sequence (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n), obtain respectively interpolation acceleration
The extreme value of degree series AX_n and AY_n accelerates degree series AX_n_max and AY_n_max, and its corresponding generating unit speed sequence GS_
N_X and GS_n_Y；E, according to the number of extreme value acceleration, the corresponding vibration amplitude of extreme value acceleration in each rotating speed interval and shake
The concentration class of moving point judges whether unit abnormal vibration occurs.
Used as a modification of the present invention, the judgement unit of step E abnormal vibration occurs in each rotating speed interval to be needed simultaneously
Meet following condition：The number of extreme value acceleration is more than 0 and less than j in the rotating speed is interval；Extreme value acceleration in the rotating speed is interval
Corresponding vibration amplitude is not less than mx；Preceding m point falls in rotating speed interval during interpolation accelerates the descending of degree series AX_n to arrange
Preceding m point declines in rotating speed interval during ratio meets or exceeds Rx, or the descending arrangement of interpolation acceleration degree series AY_n
Ratio meets or exceeds Ry.
Described j takes 5, mx and takes 0.04g, m and take 100, Rx and take 15%, Ry and takes 15%.
Also include a data processing step between step A, B, including：Reject the real-time transient oscillation data of Wind turbines
Saltus step and number less data point；Reject the data point that Wind turbines run under improper generating state；Reject wind turbine
Group rotating speed is less than grid-connected rotating speed or the data point higher than rated speed；Wind turbines are rejected to be moved in driftage, change oar, grid-connected, off-grid
Data point when making.
The curve interpolation method be cubic interpolation methods, Lagrange's interpolation, Newton interpolating method, Amire spy interpolation method,
Piecewise low-order interpolation method or linear interpolation method.
Described step1 takes 0.5Rpm, and step2 takes 0.01Rpm, and it is interval that the step E divides rotating speed with the step-length of 2Rpm.
Additionally, present invention also offers a kind of abnormal judgment means of the wind generating set vibration of application above method, including：
Data acquisition module, rotating speed and vibration data for gathering Wind turbines with unit are axially X to being radially Y-direction, and count
The X of the vibration data for collecting is to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY；Maximum value calculation module, for by wind-powered electricity generation
Generating unit speed is divided into K sections by step-length of step1, and obtains the maximum vibration acceleration A X_k in kth section X-direction and its corresponding
Minimum generating unit speed GSX_k, maximum vibration acceleration A Y_k and its corresponding minimum generating unit speed GSY_ in kth section Y-direction
k；Difference calculating module, for Wind turbines rotating speed to be divided into N sections by step-length of step2, forms generating unit speed sequence GS_n, its
Middle step2 is much smaller than step1, afterwards according to sequence (GSX_k, AX_k) and (GSY_k, AY_k), group is obtained with curve interpolation method
Interpolation in the corresponding X-directions of rotating speed sequence GS_n accelerates the interpolation in degree series AX_n and Y-direction to accelerate degree series AY_n；Pole
Value computing module, for according to sequence (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n), obtain respectively interpolation accelerate degree series AX_n with
The extreme value of AY_n accelerates degree series AX_n_max and AY_n_max, and its corresponding generating unit speed sequence GS_n_X and GS_n_Y；
Abnormal judge module, for according to the number of extreme value acceleration in rotating speed interval, the corresponding vibration amplitude of extreme value acceleration and
The concentration class in oscillation point judges whether unit abnormal vibration occurs.
Further, also it is used for including a data processing module：Reject the real-time transient oscillation data jump of Wind turbines and
Number less data point；Reject the data point that Wind turbines run under improper generating state；Reject Wind turbines rotating speed
Less than grid-connected rotating speed or the data point higher than rated speed；Wind turbines are rejected to go off course, becoming when oar, grid-connected, off-grid are acted
Data point.
After such design, the present invention at least has advantages below：
1st, unit initial failure sign can timely and effectively be found, it is to avoid it is bigger that unit long-term " inferior health operation " is caused
Damage, so as to reduce economic loss；
2nd, when abnormal vibration occurs in unit, control ＆ protection strategy can be in advance taken, abnormal vibration workspace is avoided as far as possible
Domain, reduces downtime；
3rd, supported and basis for estimation for the maintenance and replacing of unit critical component provide data.
Specific embodiment
The workflow of a kind of abnormal determination methods of wind generating set vibration of the invention and its device is illustrated in detail below.
1st, the real-time transient oscillation data and Wind turbines speed variable first to wind generating set vibration Sensor monitoring are entered
Row collection, meanwhile, the unit action message such as assisted acquisition driftage, change oar, grid-connected, off-grid is used as input.
The direction for setting set main shaft is X-direction, and the radial direction of unit is Y-direction, calculates the vibration of vibrating sensor monitoring
The X of data is to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY.
2nd, afterwards, can be directed to the data for collecting carries out outlier processing：
2.1st, the real-time transient oscillation data jump of Wind turbines and number less data point are rejected；
2.2nd, the data point that Wind turbines run under improper generating state is rejected；
2.3rd, reject Wind turbines rotating speed and be less than grid-connected rotating speed GS_grid, higher than the data point of rated speed GS_rate；
2.4th, reject Wind turbines in driftage, become data point when oar, grid-connected, off-grid are acted.
3rd, vibrational feature extracting is carried out to the data for treating：
3.1st, first, Wind turbines rotating speed is divided into K sections by step-length of step1：Obtain kth (k=1,2,3 ... K) section X
Maximum vibration acceleration A X_k and its corresponding generating unit speed GSX_k on direction, if an AX_k correspondence multiple unit turns
Speed, then GSX_k take minimum value therein；The maximum vibration acceleration A Y_k and its corresponding unit obtained in kth section Y-direction turn
Fast GSY_k, if an AY_k correspondence multiple generating unit speed, GSY_k takes minimum value therein.
3.2nd, afterwards, by Wind turbines rotating speed with step2 (step2 be much smaller than step1) for step-length is divided into N section, formed newly
Generating unit speed sequence GS_n, n=1,2,3 ... N, the rotating speed acceleration sequence then obtained according to step 3.1 (GSX_k,
AX_k) and (GSY_k, AY_k), the interpolation acceleration sequence in group corresponding X-directions of rotating speed sequence GS_n is obtained with curve interpolation method
Interpolation on row AX_n and Y-direction accelerates degree series AY_n.
Curve interpolation method can using cubic interpolation methods, Lagrange's interpolation, Newton interpolating method, Amire spy interpolation method,
Piecewise low-order interpolation method or linear interpolation method, are optimal with cubic interpolation methods.
Cubic interpolation methods are the important methods that discrete function is approached, the interpolation continuous function on the basis of discrete data, are made
This full curve by all given discrete data points, using it can be by function at limited point value shape
Condition, estimates approximation of the function at other points.Cubic interpolation methods have good stability and convergence, and with two
Rank slickness, in practical engineering application widely.
For Cubic interpolation methods, it is assumed that have with lower node
x:A=x0＜ x1＜ ... ＜ xn=b
y:y0,y1……yn
Cubic curves S (x) is a formula for segmentation definition, gives n+1 data point, has n interval, then cubic
Batten equation meets three below condition：
A. in each piecewise interval [xi,xi+1] (i=0,1 ... ..., n-1, x are incremented by), S (x)=SiX () is all one three
Secondary Suresh Kumar.
B. S is meti(x)=yi(i=0,1 ..., n)
C.S (x), derivative S'(x), second dervative S " (x) [a, b] interval in be all continuous, i.e. S (x) is smooth.
From the span of i, n-1 formula is had, but have n+1 second dervative unknown quantity m, it is therefore desirable to right
Two end points x0And xnDifferential be any limitation as, selection be not unique, here by the way of free boundary.Head and the tail two ends
Without by any power for allowing them to bend, i.e. second dervative S " (x)=0, it is embodied as m0=0 and mn=0, then to solve
Mode group can be written as
By taking y=sin (x) as an example, x step-lengths are [0,10] for 1, x spans, by be can obtain after cubic curve interpolations
Smooth curve.
3.3rd, by that after cubic curve interpolations, (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n) two sequences can be formd into light
Sliding full curve.Degree series (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_ are accelerated according to the Wind turbines rotating speed interpolation for calculating
N), interpolation in X-direction is obtained respectively accelerates the extreme value of degree series AX_n to accelerate interpolation in degree series AX_n_max, Y-direction to accelerate
The extreme value of degree series AY_n accelerates degree series AY_n_max, then obtains extreme value in X-direction and accelerates degree series AX_n_max correspondences
Wind turbines rotating speed sequence GS_n_X, extreme value accelerates the corresponding Wind turbines rotating speed sequences of degree series AY_n_max in Y-direction
GS_n_Y。
4th, it is last, according to the number of extreme value acceleration in each rotating speed interval, the corresponding vibration amplitude of extreme value acceleration and
The concentration class in oscillation point judges whether unit abnormal vibration occurs.
Specifically, it is some sections Wind turbines rotating speed to be divided from grid-connected rotating speed GS_grid to rated speed GS_rate,
Degree series AX_n is accelerated to be specifically described judgement unit vibration as a example by the rotating speed of Wind turbines first interval by interpolation in X-direction below
The condition that exception need to meet.
If the Wind turbines rotating speed extreme value obtained accelerates degree series (GS_n_X, AX_n_max) in rotating speed interval internal memory
In extreme point, and the number of extreme point is individual (j is setting value, can be adjusted as the case may be) less than j, while corresponding extreme value
Acceleration amplitude is more than or equal to mx (mx is setting value, can be adjusted as the case may be), then the concentration class for carrying out oscillation point judges.
Interpolation acceleration degree series AX_n carries out descending arrangement in corresponding X-direction in interval to the rotating speed, and preceding m (m is to set
Definite value, can adjust as the case may be) point to decline and meet or exceed Rx in the interval ratio of the rotating speed (Rx is setting value, can root
Adjusted according to concrete condition), then judge wind generating set vibration abnormal state.
Same method carries out interpolation in Y-direction and accelerates degree series AY_n in the interval vibrational state of the rotating speed of generator first
Assessment, the threshold values for being used with it is identical in the X direction.
By that analogy, logic is directed in X-direction respectively for same type of Wind turbines in same wind power plant accordingly
Interpolation accelerates interpolation in degree series AX_n, Y-direction to accelerate degree series AY_n to enter in the interval vibration performance of each rotating speed of Wind turbines
Row assessment, so as to judge that Wind turbines whether there is abnormal vibration.
In abnormal vibration determination methods of the present invention, each parameter, threshold values setting can be by those skilled in the art according to unit
Species, specification and wind power plant environment situation are set and are adjusted.A concrete application example is lifted, a data are set per 5s or 7s
Collection point, the sample size of collection 24 hours, setting step1 is 0.5Rpm, and step2 is 0.01Rpm, is judging whether vibration is abnormal
When with the step-length of 2Rpm to divide rotating speed interval, j takes 5, mx and takes 0.04g, m and take 100, Rx and takes 15%, you can to the wind of sampling interval
Machine vibration situation makes accurate judgement.
Then, the vibrational state assessment result that can be also made according to the present invention carries out follow-up protection and early warning control.
The specific method of vibration protection is：When Wind turbines abnormal vibration do not occur, then control system is not enabled and shaken
Dynamic Preservation tactics, vibration protection strategy be control system by becoming oar in advance or quickly passing through mode, change wind power generating set
Running status；When finding that abnormal vibration occur in Wind turbines and the duration reaches predetermined value, then by control unit to
Master control system sends abnormal vibration signal, after master control system receives the signal, vibration protection strategy is enabled, while persistently to wind
Power generator group vibrational state is estimated；When Wind turbines no longer abnormal vibration is found by vibrational state assessment result,
Then control system exits vibration protection strategy, recovers Wind turbines normal operating condition.
Early warning control specific method be：According to vibrational state assessment result, when abnormal vibration do not occur in Wind turbines
When, then control system does not enable vibration prediction policy；When find Wind turbines there is abnormal vibration and the duration reach it is pre-
During definite value, then early warning information is continuously sent out, and early warning result and data results are transferred to by central control by control unit
Room processed；When by vibrational state assessment result find Wind turbines no longer abnormal vibration when, then stop send early warning information, and
Early warning duration and wind power generating set status are recorded in central control room.
The present invention is by analyzing the different vibration performance that Wind turbines are embodied under different running statuses, there is provided no
The abnormal vibration determination methods of prior art are same as, discovery unit initial failure hidden danger that can be early is to find that vibration is special in time
Levy exception and enable corresponding control strategy and provide foundation to change the running status of Wind turbines and send early warning signal
And guarantee, the time of unit " inferior health operation " is reduced, for the maintenance and replacing of critical component provide basis for estimation, while subtracting
Downtime and economic loss are lacked.
The above, is only presently preferred embodiments of the present invention, and any formal limitation is not made to the present invention, this
Art personnel make a little simple modification, equivalent variations or modification using the technology contents of the disclosure above, all fall within this hair
In bright protection domain.
Claims (8)
1. abnormal determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration, it is characterised in that comprise the following steps：
The rotating speed and vibration data of A, collection Wind turbines, with unit axially for X to, be radially Y-direction, the vibration that collects of calculating
The X of data is to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY；
B, Wind turbines rotating speed is divided into K sections by step-length of step1, and obtains the maximum vibration acceleration in kth section X-direction
AX_k and its corresponding minimum generating unit speed GSX_k, kth section Y-direction on maximum vibration acceleration A Y_k and its it is corresponding most
Small generating unit speed GSY_k；
C, Wind turbines rotating speed is divided into N sections by step-length of step2, forms generating unit speed sequence GS_n, wherein step2 is much smaller than
Step1, afterwards according to sequence (GSX_k, AX_k) and (GSY_k, AY_k), generating unit speed sequence GS_n is obtained with curve interpolation method
Interpolation in corresponding X-direction accelerates the interpolation in degree series AX_n and Y-direction to accelerate degree series AY_n；
D, according to sequence (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n), the extreme value that interpolation accelerates degree series AX_n and AY_n is obtained respectively
Accelerate degree series AX_n_max and AY_n_max, and its corresponding generating unit speed sequence GS_n_X and GS_n_Y；
E, according to each rotating speed it is interval in the number of extreme value acceleration, the corresponding vibration amplitude of extreme value acceleration and oscillation point gather
Intensity judges whether unit abnormal vibration occurs.
2. abnormal determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the step E's
Judge unit each rotating speed interval in there is abnormal vibration need to be while meeting following condition：
The number of extreme value acceleration is more than 0 and less than j in the rotating speed is interval；
The corresponding vibration amplitude of extreme value acceleration is not less than mx in the rotating speed is interval；
Preceding m point to fall and meet or exceed Rx in the interval ratio of the rotating speed in the descending arrangement of interpolation acceleration degree series AX_n, or
The ratio that preceding m point declines in rotating speed interval in the descending arrangement of person's interpolation acceleration degree series AY_n meets or exceeds Ry.
3. abnormal determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration according to claim 2, it is characterised in that described j takes 5,
Mx takes 0.04g, m and takes 100, Rx and take 15%, Ry and takes 15%.
4. a kind of abnormal determination methods of wind generating set vibration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that step A, B
Between also include a data processing step, including：
Reject the real-time transient oscillation data jump of Wind turbines and number less data point；
Reject the data point that Wind turbines run under improper generating state；
Reject Wind turbines rotating speed and be less than grid-connected rotating speed or the data point higher than rated speed；
Reject Wind turbines in driftage, become data point when oar, grid-connected, off-grid are acted.
5. abnormal determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the curve is inserted
Value method is cubic interpolation methods, Lagrange's interpolation, Newton interpolating method, the special interpolation method in Amire, piecewise low-order interpolation method or line
Property interpolation method.
6. a kind of abnormal determination methods of wind generating set vibration according to claim 1, it is characterised in that described step1
0.5Rpm is taken, step2 takes 0.01Rpm, and it is interval that the step E divides rotating speed with the step-length of 2Rpm.
7. the abnormal judgment means of the wind generating set vibration of a kind of method any one of application claim 1-6, its feature
It is to include：
Data acquisition module, rotating speed and vibration data for gathering Wind turbines, with unit axially for X to, be radially Y-direction,
And the X of the vibration data for collecting is calculated to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY；
Maximum value calculation module, for Wind turbines rotating speed to be divided into K sections by step-length of step1, and obtains in kth section X-direction
Maximum vibration acceleration A X_k and its corresponding minimum generating unit speed GSX_k, kth section Y-direction on maximum vibration acceleration
AY_k and its corresponding minimum generating unit speed GSY_k；
Difference calculating module, for Wind turbines rotating speed to be divided into N sections by step-length of step2, forms generating unit speed sequence GS_n,
Wherein step2 is much smaller than step1, afterwards according to sequence (GSX_k, AX_k) and (GSY_k, AY_k), is obtained with curve interpolation method
Interpolation in the corresponding X-directions of generating unit speed sequence GS_n accelerates the interpolation in degree series AX_n and Y-direction to accelerate degree series AY_
n；
Extreme value computing module, degree series are accelerated for according to sequence (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n), obtaining interpolation respectively
The extreme value of AX_n and AY_n accelerates degree series AX_n_max and AY_n_max, and its corresponding generating unit speed sequence GS_n_X and
GS_n_Y；
Abnormal judge module, for number, the corresponding vibration width of extreme value acceleration according to extreme value acceleration in each rotating speed interval
The concentration class in value and oscillation point judges whether unit abnormal vibration occurs.
8. abnormal judgment means of a kind of wind generating set vibration according to claim 7, it is characterised in that also including a number
According to processing module, it is used for：
Reject the real-time transient oscillation data jump of Wind turbines and number less data point；
Reject the data point that Wind turbines run under improper generating state；
Reject Wind turbines rotating speed and be less than grid-connected rotating speed or the data point higher than rated speed；
Reject Wind turbines in driftage, become data point when oar, grid-connected, off-grid are acted.
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| CN105043770A (en) | 2015-11-11 |
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