CN105043770A - Wind turbine generator abnormal vibration judging method and apparatus thereof - Google Patents
Wind turbine generator abnormal vibration judging method and apparatus thereof Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a wind turbine generator abnormal vibration judging method and apparatus thereof. The method comprises the following steps of acquiring the rotating speed and vibration data of a wind turbine generator; dividing the rotating speed into K segments with a step 1 as the step length, solving the maximum vibration accelerations AX_k, AY_k of each segment and the corresponding rotating speeds GSX_k, GSY_k; dividing the rotating speed into N segments with a step 2 as the step length and solving interpolation acceleration sequences AX_n and AY_n corresponding to a rotating speed sequence GS_n by means of a curve interpolation method; solving the extremum acceleration sequences AX_n_max and AY_n_max of AX_n and AY_n and corresponding rotating speed sequences GS_n_X and GS_n_Y; and judging whether abnormal vibration occurs according to the number of extremum accelerations in each rotating speed range, the corresponding vibration amplitudes and the concentration degree. By means of the method, the early-stage fault hazards of the wind turbine generator can be detected as early as possible. A judging basis for key part maintaining and replacing is provided.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the vibration protection field of Wind turbines, particularly relate to a kind of determination methods and device thereof of wind generating set vibration exception.
Background technology
Along with the development of wind turbine technology and day by day perfect, the past traditional passive tupe of fault is to active forewarning service transformation, and active forewarning service is not only satisfied with and is used as early-warning parameters with the rising of Wind turbines monitoring state amount or reduction, but carry out the future development of comprehensive analysis and early warning towards aspects such as running statuses residing for the distribution according to monitoring state amount, variation tendency, Wind turbines.
For megawatt-grade high-power direct-drive permanent-magnetism Wind turbines, its critical piece such as blade, generator, tower cylinder etc. all have respective mechanical vibration mode.Vibration is an important behaviour of running of wind generating set feature, and Wind turbines is under different operate power states, and the change of the degree of fatigue of the critical piece of Wind turbines own all can cause Wind turbines to occur the vibration performance of different situations.At present, for the vibration protection of Wind turbines, mainly realize according to the vibration values of vibration transducer Real-Time Monitoring being arranged on engine room inside, when vibration values exceedes the alarming threshold value of setting, then Wind turbines quotes vibration transfinites fault-signal shutting down.But in actual motion; when there is damage or exception in the critical component (such as generator, blade, bearing etc.) of Wind turbines; often change is little in amplitude for the wind generating set vibration caused; classic method is difficult to detect and finds; so often make running of wind generating set in " inferior health " state, in the course of time, cause Wind turbines critical component that irreversible damage occurs; under making Wind turbines be in stopped status for a long time, bring larger economic loss.
At present for the vibration protection under running of wind generating set state, mainly the vibration values of vibration transducer Real-Time Monitoring is transferred in master control system, in each cycle period by with master control system in the alarming threshold value that sets compare.When vibration values exceedes the vibration threshold values that master control system arranges, then master control system is quoted and is vibrated the fault that transfinites and shut down, wait for attendant carry out Wind turbines reset after Wind turbines can restart operation.
The guard method of above-mentioned existing a kind of Wind turbines abnormal vibrations; though the control program that user carries out protecting in Wind turbines abnormal vibrations situation can be supplied to; but but find that when practical application it has some shortcomings, can not reach good effect, its shortcoming can be summarized as follows:
1, existing vibration protection arranges single vibration alarming threshold values to Wind turbines; do not distinguish the running status of Wind turbines, residing operate power is interval; for the initial failure sign that core component occurs; effectively cannot screen discovery; Wind turbines is often made to be in the state of " inferior health operation " for a long time; in the course of time, easily cause Wind turbines that irreversible damage occurs.
2, existing vibration protection mechanism can only be shut down when vibration increases to a certain degree, and wait personnel overhaul rear reset and restart, and control strategy does not carry out the time of power generating ratio targetedly.
As can be seen here, the guard method of above-mentioned existing Wind turbines abnormal vibrations with in use in method, obviously still has inconvenience and defect, and is urgently further improved.How to found one and can find unit initial failure hidden danger early; reduce Wind turbines " inferior health operation " time; the determination methods of the new wind generating set vibration exception of power generating ratio time and economic loss and device thereof while providing basis for estimation for the maintenance of critical component and replacing, belong to one of current important research and development problem in fact.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of determination methods of wind generating set vibration exception; Wind turbines initial failure hidden danger can be found early; reduce Wind turbines " inferior health operation " time; power generating ratio time and economic loss while providing basis for estimation for the maintenance of critical component and replacing, thus overcome the deficiency of existing unit abnormal vibrations guard method.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration exception of the present invention, comprise the following steps: A, the rotating speed gathering Wind turbines and vibration data, with unit axially for X to, radial direction is Y-direction, calculates the X of the vibration data collected to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY; B, be that step-length is divided into K section with step1 by Wind turbines rotating speed, and the minimum generating unit speed GSY_k of the minimum generating unit speed GSX_k of the maximum vibration acceleration A X_k obtained in kth section X-direction and correspondence thereof, the maximum vibration acceleration A Y_k in kth section Y-direction and correspondence thereof; C, be that step-length is divided into N section with step2 by Wind turbines rotating speed, form generating unit speed sequence GS_n, wherein step2 is much smaller than step1, afterwards according to sequence (GSX_k, and (GSY_k AX_k), AY_k), the interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n in X-direction corresponding to group rotating speed sequence GS_n and the interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in Y-direction is obtained by curve interpolation method; D, according to sequence (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n), obtain extreme value acceleration sequence A X_n_max and the AY_n_max of interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n and AY_n respectively, and the generating unit speed sequence GS_n_X of correspondence and GS_n_Y; E, judge whether unit occurs abnormal vibration according to the concentration class in vibration amplitude corresponding to the number of extreme value acceleration in each rotating speed interval, extreme value acceleration and oscillation point.
As a modification of the present invention, the judgement unit of step e occurs that abnormal vibration need meet the following conditions simultaneously in each rotating speed interval: in this rotating speed interval, the number of extreme value acceleration is greater than 0 and is less than j; The vibration amplitude that in this rotating speed interval, extreme value acceleration is corresponding is not less than mx; The ratio that in the descending sort of interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n, front m point drops on this rotating speed interval meets or exceeds Rx, or the ratio dropping on this rotating speed interval in the descending sort of interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in front m point meets or exceeds Ry.
Described j gets 5, mx gets that 0.04g, m get 100, Rx gets 15%, Ry gets 15%.
Also comprise a data processing step between described steps A, B, comprising: reject Wind turbines real-time transient state vibration data saltus step and the less data point of number; Reject the data point that Wind turbines runs under improper generating state; Reject Wind turbines rotating speed lower than grid-connected rotating speed or the data point higher than rated speed; Reject the data point of Wind turbines going off course, when becoming oar, grid-connected, off-grid action.
Described curve interpolation method is cubic method of interpolation, Lagrange's interpolation, Newton interpolating method, Amire special method of interpolation, piecewise low-order interpolation method or linear interpolation method.
Described step1 gets 0.5Rpm, and step2 gets 0.01Rpm, and it is interval that described step e divides rotating speed with the step-length of 2Rpm.
In addition, present invention also offers a kind of judgment means applying the wind generating set vibration exception of said method, comprise: data acquisition module, for gathering rotating speed and the vibration data of Wind turbines, with unit axially for X to, radial direction is Y-direction, and calculates the X of vibration data that collects to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY; Maximum value calculation module, for being that step-length is divided into K section with step1 by Wind turbines rotating speed, and the minimum generating unit speed GSY_k of the minimum generating unit speed GSX_k of the maximum vibration acceleration A X_k obtained in kth section X-direction and correspondence thereof, the maximum vibration acceleration A Y_k in kth section Y-direction and correspondence thereof; Difference calculating module, for being that step-length is divided into N section with step2 by Wind turbines rotating speed, form generating unit speed sequence GS_n, wherein step2 is much smaller than step1, afterwards according to sequence (GSX_k, AX_k) and (GSY_k, AY_k), the interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n in X-direction corresponding to group rotating speed sequence GS_n and the interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in Y-direction is obtained by curve interpolation method; Extreme value computing module, for according to sequence (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n), obtain extreme value acceleration sequence A X_n_max and the AY_n_max of interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n and AY_n respectively, and the generating unit speed sequence GS_n_X of correspondence and GS_n_Y; Abnormal judge module, the vibration amplitude corresponding for the number according to extreme value acceleration in rotating speed interval, extreme value acceleration and the concentration class in oscillation point judge whether unit occurs abnormal vibration.
Further, also comprise a data processing module, for: reject Wind turbines real-time transient state vibration data saltus step and the less data point of number; Reject the data point that Wind turbines runs under improper generating state; Reject Wind turbines rotating speed lower than grid-connected rotating speed or the data point higher than rated speed; Reject the data point of Wind turbines going off course, when becoming oar, grid-connected, off-grid action.
After adopting such design, the present invention at least has the following advantages:
1, unit initial failure sign can be found timely and effectively, avoid the larger damage that unit long-term " inferior health operation " causes, thus reduce economic loss;
2, when abnormal vibration appears in unit, control & protection strategy can be taked in advance, avoid abnormal vibration perform region as far as possible, the power generating ratio time;
3, for the maintenance of unit critical component and replacing provide Data support and basis for estimation.
Embodiment
Below specifically a kind of determination methods of wind generating set vibration exception of the present invention and the workflow of device thereof is set forth.
1, first the real-time transient state vibration data of wind generating set vibration Sensor monitoring and Wind turbines speed variable are gathered, meanwhile, assisted acquisition driftage, become the unit action messages such as oar, grid-connected, off-grid as input.
The direction of setting set main shaft is X-direction, and the radial direction of unit is Y-direction, calculates the X of the vibration data of vibration transducer monitoring to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY.
2, afterwards, outlier processing can be carried out for the data collected:
2.1, Wind turbines real-time transient state vibration data saltus step is rejected and the less data point of number;
2.2, the data point that Wind turbines runs under improper generating state is rejected;
2.3, Wind turbines rotating speed is rejected lower than grid-connected rotating speed GS_grid, higher than the data point of rated speed GS_rate;
2.4, the data point of Wind turbines going off course, when becoming oar, grid-connected, off-grid action is rejected.
3, vibrational feature extracting is carried out to the data processed:
3.1, first, be that step-length is divided into K section with step1 by Wind turbines rotating speed: obtain kth (k=1,2,3 ... K) the maximum vibration acceleration A X_k in section X-direction and the generating unit speed GSX_k of correspondence thereof, if a corresponding multiple generating unit speed of AX_k, then GSX_k gets minimum value wherein; Obtain the generating unit speed GSY_k of maximum vibration acceleration A Y_k in kth section Y-direction and correspondence thereof, if a corresponding multiple generating unit speed of AY_k, then GSY_k gets minimum value wherein.
3.2, afterwards, by Wind turbines rotating speed with step2 (step2 is much smaller than step1) for step-length is divided into N section, form new generating unit speed sequence GS_n, n=1,2,3 ... N, then according to the rotating speed acceleration sequence (GSX_k that step 3.1 is obtained, AX_k) and (GSY_k, AY_k), the interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n in X-direction corresponding to group rotating speed sequence GS_n and the interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in Y-direction is obtained by curve interpolation method.
Curve interpolation method can adopt cubic method of interpolation, Lagrange's interpolation, Newton interpolating method, Amire special method of interpolation, piecewise low-order interpolation method or linear interpolation method, with cubic method of interpolation for the best.
Cubic method of interpolation is the important method that discrete function approaches, interpolation continuous function on the basis of discrete data, make this continuous curve by all given discrete data point, utilize it by the value situation of function at limited some place, estimate the approximate value of function at other some places.Cubic method of interpolation has good stability and convergence, has second-order smooth again, in practical engineering application widely.
For Cubic method of interpolation, suppose have with lower node
x:a＝x
0＜x
1＜……＜x
n＝b
y:y
0,y
1……y
n
Cubic curve S (x) is the formula of a segmentation definition, a given n+1 data point, total n interval, then cubic batten equation meets following three conditions:
A. at each piecewise interval [x
i, x
i+1] (i=0,1 ..., n ?1, x to increase progressively), S (x)=S
ix () is all three Suresh Kumars.
B. S is met
i(x)=y
i(i=0,1 ..., n)
C.S (x), derivative S'(x), second derivative S " (x) be all continuous print in [a, b] interval, namely S (x) is smooth.
From the span of i, total n ?1 formula, but have n+1 second derivative unknown quantity m, therefore need two end points x
0and x
ndifferential limited, select be not unique, adopt the mode of free boundary here.Head and the tail two ends are not subject to any power allowing them bend, i.e. second derivative S " (x)=0, be specifically expressed as m
0=0 and m
n=0, then the mode group that will solve can be written as
Be 1, x span for y=sin (x), x step-length be [0,10], by smooth curve can be obtained after cubic curve interpolation.
3.3, by after cubic curve interpolation, (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n) two sequences can be defined smooth continuous curve.According to the Wind turbines rotating speed interpolation acceleration sequence (GS_n calculated, and (GS_n AX_n), AY_n), obtain the extreme value acceleration sequence A Y_n_max of interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in the extreme value acceleration sequence A X_n_max of interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n in X-direction, Y-direction respectively, then obtain the Wind turbines rotating speed sequence GS_n_Y that in Wind turbines rotating speed sequence GS_n_X corresponding to extreme value acceleration sequence A X_n_max in X-direction, Y-direction, extreme value acceleration sequence A Y_n_max is corresponding.
4, last, the vibration amplitude corresponding according to the number of extreme value acceleration in each rotating speed interval, extreme value acceleration and the concentration class in oscillation point judge whether unit occurs abnormal vibration.
Specifically, Wind turbines rotating speed is divided into some sections from grid-connected rotating speed GS_grid to rated speed GS_rate, specifically sets forth in Wind turbines first rotating speed interval the condition judging that unit vibration need meet extremely for interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n in X-direction below.
If the Wind turbines rotating speed extreme value acceleration sequence (GS_n_X obtained, AX_n_max) in this rotating speed interval, there is extreme point, and the number of extreme point is less than j, and (j is setting value, can adjust as the case may be), simultaneously corresponding extreme value acceleration amplitude is more than or equal to mx, and (mx is setting value, can adjust as the case may be), then the concentration class of carrying out oscillation point judges.
Descending sort is carried out to interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n in X-direction corresponding in this rotating speed interval, front m (m is setting value, can adjust as the case may be) ratio that drops on this rotating speed interval in point meets or exceeds Rx (Rx is setting value, can adjust as the case may be), then judge wind generating set vibration abnormal state.
Same method carries out the vibrational state assessment of interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in generator first rotating speed interval in Y-direction, and the threshold values adopted is with identical in the X direction.
By that analogy, logic is assessed at the vibration performance in wind turbine generator unit rotating speed interval for interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n, Y-direction in X-direction respectively for the Wind turbines of same type in same wind energy turbine set accordingly, thus judges whether Wind turbines exists abnormal vibration.
In abnormal vibration determination methods of the present invention, the setting of each parameter, threshold values can be carried out setting and adjusting according to unit kind, specification and wind power plant environment situation by those skilled in the art.Lift an embody rule example, every 5s or 7s establishes a data collection point, gather the sample size of 24 hours, arranging step1 is 0.5Rpm, step2 is 0.01Rpm, to judge that whether abnormal vibration divide rotating speed with the step-length of 2Rpm time interval, j gets 5, mx gets that 0.04g, m get 100, Rx gets 15%, can make accurate judgement to the fan vibration situation of sampling interval.
Subsequently, the vibrational state assessment result also can made according to the present invention carries out follow-up protection and forewarn.
The concrete grammar of vibration protection is: when abnormal vibration does not appear in Wind turbines, then control system does not enable vibration protection strategy, and vibration protection strategy is that control system is passed through become oar in advance or pass through mode fast, changes wind power generating set running status; When there is abnormal vibration in discovery Wind turbines and the duration reaches predetermined value, then send abnormal vibration signal by control module to master control system, after master control system receives this signal, enable vibration protection strategy, continue to assess vibration of wind generating set state simultaneously; When found by vibrational state assessment result Wind turbines no longer abnormal vibration time, then control system exits vibration protection strategy, recovers Wind turbines normal operating condition.
The concrete grammar of forewarn is: according to vibrational state assessment result, and when abnormal vibration does not appear in Wind turbines, then control system does not enable vibration prediction policy; When abnormal vibration appears in discovery Wind turbines and the duration reaches predetermined value, then continue to send early warning information, and by control module, early warning result and data results are transferred to central control room; When found by vibrational state assessment result Wind turbines no longer abnormal vibration time, then stop sending early warning information, and in central control room, record early warning duration and wind power generating set status.
The different vibration performance that the present invention embodies under different running status by analyzing Wind turbines; provide the abnormal vibration determination methods being different from prior art; can discovery unit initial failure hidden danger early; for Timeliness coverage vibration performance is abnormal and enable corresponding control strategy to change the running status of Wind turbines and to send early warning signal and provide foundation and guarantee; decrease the time of unit " inferior health operation "; for the maintenance of critical component and replacing provide basis for estimation, decrease stop time and economic loss simultaneously.
The above; it is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; not do any pro forma restriction to the present invention, those skilled in the art utilize the technology contents of above-mentioned announcement to make a little simple modification, equivalent variations or modification, all drop in protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (8)
1. a determination methods for wind generating set vibration exception, is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
A, gather the rotating speed of Wind turbines and vibration data, with unit axially for X to, radial direction is Y-direction, and the X of the vibration data that calculating collects is to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY;
B, be that step-length is divided into K section with step1 by Wind turbines rotating speed, and the minimum generating unit speed GSY_k of the minimum generating unit speed GSX_k of the maximum vibration acceleration A X_k obtained in kth section X-direction and correspondence thereof, the maximum vibration acceleration A Y_k in kth section Y-direction and correspondence thereof;
C, be that step-length is divided into N section with step2 by Wind turbines rotating speed, form generating unit speed sequence GS_n, wherein step2 is much smaller than step1, afterwards according to sequence (GSX_k, and (GSY_k AX_k), AY_k), the interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n in X-direction corresponding to group rotating speed sequence GS_n and the interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in Y-direction is obtained by curve interpolation method;
D, according to sequence (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n), obtain extreme value acceleration sequence A X_n_max and the AY_n_max of interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n and AY_n respectively, and the generating unit speed sequence GS_n_X of correspondence and GS_n_Y;
E, judge whether unit occurs abnormal vibration according to the concentration class in vibration amplitude corresponding to the number of extreme value acceleration in each rotating speed interval, extreme value acceleration and oscillation point.
2. the determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration exception according to claim 1, is characterized in that the judgement unit of described step e occurs that abnormal vibration need meet the following conditions simultaneously in each rotating speed interval:
In this rotating speed interval, the number of extreme value acceleration is greater than 0 and is less than j;
The vibration amplitude that in this rotating speed interval, extreme value acceleration is corresponding is not less than mx;
The ratio that before in the descending sort of interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n, m point drops on this rotating speed interval meets or exceeds Rx, or in the descending sort of interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n before m put in the ratio dropped in this rotating speed interval meet or exceed Ry.
3. the determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration exception according to claim 2, is characterized in that described j gets 5, mx gets that 0.04g, m get 100, Rx gets 15%, Ry gets 15%.
4. the determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration exception according to claim 1, is characterized in that also comprising a data processing step between described steps A, B, comprising:
Reject Wind turbines real-time transient state vibration data saltus step and the less data point of number;
Reject the data point that Wind turbines runs under improper generating state;
Reject Wind turbines rotating speed lower than grid-connected rotating speed or the data point higher than rated speed;
Reject the data point of Wind turbines going off course, when becoming oar, grid-connected, off-grid action.
5. the determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration exception according to claim 1, is characterized in that described curve interpolation method is cubic method of interpolation, Lagrange's interpolation, Newton interpolating method, Amire special method of interpolation, piecewise low-order interpolation method or linear interpolation method.
6. the determination methods of a kind of wind generating set vibration exception according to claim 1, it is characterized in that described step1 gets 0.5Rpm, step2 gets 0.01Rpm, and it is interval that described step e divides rotating speed with the step-length of 2Rpm.
7. application rights requires a judgment means for the wind generating set vibration exception of method according to any one of 1-6, it is characterized in that comprising:
Data acquisition module, for gathering rotating speed and the vibration data of Wind turbines, with unit axially for X to, radial direction is Y-direction, and the X of vibration data that calculating collects is to vibration acceleration AX, Y-direction vibration acceleration AY;
Maximum value calculation module, for being that step-length is divided into K section with step1 by Wind turbines rotating speed, and the minimum generating unit speed GSY_k of the minimum generating unit speed GSX_k of the maximum vibration acceleration A X_k obtained in kth section X-direction and correspondence thereof, the maximum vibration acceleration A Y_k in kth section Y-direction and correspondence thereof;
Difference calculating module, for being that step-length is divided into N section with step2 by Wind turbines rotating speed, form generating unit speed sequence GS_n, wherein step2 is much smaller than step1, afterwards according to sequence (GSX_k, AX_k) and (GSY_k, AY_k), the interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n in X-direction corresponding to group rotating speed sequence GS_n and the interpolation acceleration sequence A Y_n in Y-direction is obtained by curve interpolation method;
Extreme value computing module, for according to sequence (GS_n, AX_n) and (GS_n, AY_n), obtain extreme value acceleration sequence A X_n_max and the AY_n_max of interpolation acceleration sequence A X_n and AY_n respectively, and the generating unit speed sequence GS_n_X of correspondence and GS_n_Y;
Abnormal judge module, the vibration amplitude corresponding for the number according to extreme value acceleration in each rotating speed interval, extreme value acceleration and the concentration class in oscillation point judge whether unit occurs abnormal vibration.
8. the judgment means of a kind of wind generating set vibration exception according to claim 7, characterized by further comprising a data processing module, for:
Reject Wind turbines real-time transient state vibration data saltus step and the less data point of number;
Reject the data point that Wind turbines runs under improper generating state;
Reject Wind turbines rotating speed lower than grid-connected rotating speed or the data point higher than rated speed;
Reject the data point of Wind turbines going off course, when becoming oar, grid-connected, off-grid action.
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| CN105675112A (en) * | 2015-12-31 | 2016-06-15 | 北京金风科创风电设备有限公司 | Method and device for monitoring abnormal vibration of wind turbine generator |
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