CN105036838A - Energy-saving, environment-friendly and efficient aerobic composting system - Google Patents
Energy-saving, environment-friendly and efficient aerobic composting system Download PDFInfo
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- CN105036838A CN105036838A CN201510447031.6A CN201510447031A CN105036838A CN 105036838 A CN105036838 A CN 105036838A CN 201510447031 A CN201510447031 A CN 201510447031A CN 105036838 A CN105036838 A CN 105036838A
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
Abstract
The invention discloses an aerobic composting system which includes a composite covering module, a ventilation module, a data acquisition module and a storage and control module, wherein the composite covering module is composed of a composting field, a composite covering layer and a mobile film rolling machine; the composting material is piled up in the composting field; the composite covering layer covers the composting material through the mobile film rolling machine to form a closed space between the composting material and the composite covering layer; the ventilation module consists of a fan and a vent pipeline; the data acquisition module includes temperature sensors, oxygen concentration sensors and pressure sensors; the storage and control module includes a PC terminal, date software and a plurality of data cables; the data acquisition module is connected with the storage and control module through a signal transmission cable. The aerobic composting system is convenient to move and transport and facilitates popularization and application; the composting parameters are controlled to avoid the problems that the oxygen supply is insufficient and nonuniform during the composting process, and accordingly a large amount of odor nuisance is produced during anaerobic fermentation; the aerobic composting system has the characteristics of being energy-saving, environment-friendly and efficient.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to organic solid castoff to dispose and application technology as the second resource field, be specifically related to a kind of energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system.
Background technology
According to statistics; China produces feces of livestock and poultry about 4,000,000,000 tons per year; the feces of livestock and poultry that large-scale cultivation produces is up to 20-30 hundred million tons; be equivalent to 30% of industrial solid castoff; the quantity discharged of feces of livestock and poultry chemical oxygen demand has reached more than 700 ten thousand tons; considerably beyond China's trade effluent and sanitary wastewater quantity discharged sum, serious threat water body, edatope, atmospheric environment and agroecosystem safety.The whole nation still has more than 200,000,000 ton of stalk not to be developed every year, and 50% left/right rotation of countryside tax system key element turns to agricultural crop straw, the waste of stalk resource, be in fact plough, the waste of water resources and countryside tax system product.The environmental problem that widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area causes and the wasting of resources caused are the significant problems of China Faced In Sustainable Development." comprehensive anti-pollution and recycling waste " conduct is clearly first developed theme by " National Program for Medium-to Long-term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020) "; the important development pattern (" livestock and poultry breeding scale pollution prevention ordinance ", 2013) in future with the ecological agriculture circulation pattern that biogas and fertilizer engineering are core in scale livestock farming development.
Aerobic compost be under microbial process, make that organism is mineralization by thermophilic fermentation, humify and innoxious and become the process of the fertilizer that becomes thoroughly decomposed, become China's organic solid castoff in recent years and disposed and the important channel of recycling.In existing batch production aerobic composting process, the general mode passing through forced ventilation or mechanical turning, carries out oxygen supply to heap body.By force ventilated mode oxygen supply, due to the existence of compost groove, the airflow passed into is because short circuit from a large amount of loss of compost cell wall, can cause heap body to ventilate uneven, substantially increase Financial cost, and make fermentation uneven while efficiency of oxygen supply is extremely low; By the mode oxygen supply of mechanical turning, oxygen and windrow shorter for duration of contact, while the utilization ratio of oxygen is very low, also distributing a large amount of heats to environment during the course, to cause composting process cannot produce pliotherm period of the high temperature of 55 ~ 70 DEG C or generation lasting, do not reach the object killing pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum etc.In a word, existing offering oxygen way cannot make heap body obtain abundance, even, effective oxygen supply, makes thus to occur anaerobic zone in heap body, while a large amount of mephitis of generation, affects composting process and compost quality.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of aerobic composting system, this aerobic composting system has the feature of energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency.
Aerobic composting system provided by the present invention, comprises compound overlay module, Vent Module, data acquisition module, storage and control module,
Wherein, described compound overlay module is made up of compost place, composite coating and Move Volumes film machine, and windrow is stacked at compost place, and described composite coating is covered in above windrow by described Move Volumes film machine, builds enclosed space;
Described Vent Module is made up of blower fan and breather line;
Described data acquisition module comprises temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter;
It is some that described storage and control module comprise computer terminal, data software and a data line;
Described data acquisition module is connected with control module with described storage by signal transmission line.
In above-mentioned aerobic composting system, described compost place is used for stacking through pretreated hybrid composting raw material.
Described composite coating is made up of uvioresistant layer, waterproof ventilative layer and supporting layer three layers from outside to inside respectively, belong to closed selectivity semi-permeable membranes, described uvioresistant layer is Polyester Fibers gained after antiultraviolet process, extraneous radiation in composting process can be avoided the impact of composite coating and heap body, but isolated gas and moisture.
Described waterproof ventilative layer is expanded PTFE (ePTFE), this expanded PTFE waterproof and breathable, there is extremely stable chemical property and very wide temperature applicable range, it has a large amount of apertures, aperture does not allow macromole (as: foul smell or bioaerosol) to pass through, material odorous condenses and is back to heap body on inner layer film, and this layer is the core layer of composite coating, plays a significant role in isolated environment factor affects composting process;
Described supporting layer is Polyester Fibers gained after antiacid alkaline purification, avoid the acid or alkali environment produced in composting process on while composite coating impact, make composite coating have certain space structure plasticity-, there will not be the situation being attached to heap surface completely.
By controlling rate of venting and ventilation time, the clearance space between heap body and composite coating can be made to produce " pressure-fired ", " pressure-fired " herein refers to by controlling rate of venting and ventilation time, make gas in this clearance space excessive, composite coating maintains " bulging " state, thus the oxygen at clearance space place can be permeated automatically in heap body, make windrow uniform air distribution, be in best fermentation state all the time.
Described composite coating can allow air penetration, but can stop produce in composting process the globule, pathogenic bacteria, dust and foul smell through.
Distance between two movable pulleys of described Move Volumes film machine slightly larger than the stacking width of windrow, Move Volumes film machine along windrow the movement of stacking direction while, cylinder rotate roll or cover composite coating.
Described ventilator trunk embeds compost place along the length direction of heap body, ventilator trunk establish 1 ventilation opening to the windrow air feed above described ventilator trunk every 1m, the single ventilation (rate of venting and ventilation time) of described blower fan is determined by heap body total mass and organic content, to ensure that oxygen supply is at 0.1molO
2kg
-1oMh
-1above, make to pile body different gradient places oxygen concn in composting process more than 10%, rate of venting and ventilation time control with control module Intelligence Feedback by storing, to reach the object of " pressure-fired " that maintain clearance space between heap body and composite coating.
Described temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter are all at least respectively 3, when being 3, rear end in before 3 described pressure transmitters are evenly distributed on along heap body length direction, in order to the pressure of clearance space between monitoring heap body and composite coating, 3 described temperature sensors and oxygen concentration sensor are all distributed in upper, middle and lower three layers in heap body middle-end, in order to temperature and the oxygen at the different gradient place of monitoring heap body, to determine heap body fermentation situation.
Described temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter form by metal protection protector, core probe and signal converter,
Wherein, the length of described metal protection protector is 1-2m, specifically can be 1.5m, top is 20 ° of coniform tips, be convenient to insert in windrow smoothly, coniform most advanced and sophisticated top 3-7cm (specifically the can be 5cm) place of described metal protection protector is inlet mouth, and there is double-layer filtering net described inlet mouth outside, enters wherein to prevent particle; Described core probe is all placed in the inlet mouth place of metal protection protector; The tail end of described metal protection protector has signal converter; described signal converter one end is connected with described core probe; the other end is connected with control module with described storage with signal transmission line, and Main Function is convert the analog electronic signal of the acquisition of described sensor to numerary signal.
It is some that described storage and control module comprise computer terminal, data software and a data line.Operator, according to windrow quality and height, control blast and ventilation by this storage and control module.This storage and control module receive and store and show the data transmitted by data acquisition module in the form of images.According to storing the oxygen concn data and temperature data that store the different gradient place of the heap body shown from control module and the pressure data piling clearance space between body and composite coating, Intelligence Feedback controls rate of venting and ventilation time, to reach the object of " pressure-fired " that maintain clearance space between heap body and composite coating.
The present invention is by the real-time intelligent monitoring of temperature, oxygen concn and pressure in composting process and data acquisition, and for solving for hypoxgia, uneven in composting process, and the anaerobically fermenting brought thus produces the problem of a large amount of mephitis.This energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system can according to the supplemental characteristic real-time monitored in composting process, automatically rate of venting and ventilation time is regulated in real time, maintain " pressure-fired " of clearance space between heap body and composite coating, thus the oxygen in clearance space can be permeated automatically in heap body, make windrow be in best oxygen supply and fermentation state all the time, reduce energy consumption and reduce compost cost, shorten composting cycle, reduce generation and the discharge of mephitis, raise the efficiency.
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
1) the energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system described in is due to composite coating rollable, and volume film machine is removable, and in data acquisition module, each sensor is detachable, moves integrally convenient transportation, easy to utilize.
2) the energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system described in can realize continuous, fixed point, the Real-Time Monitoring of temperature, oxygen concn and pressure.The acquisition of temperature data is one of important evidence passing judgment on fermented quality; The acquisition of oxygen concn and pressure data, for the ventilation feedback control of mass-producing aerobic compost, " pressure-fired " that maintain clearance space between heap body and composite coating has extremely important effect.Continuous, fixed point, the Real-Time Monitoring of temperature, oxygen concn and pressure can ensure to be conducive to verity and the science of data providing basic data to support to composting process process optimization, intelligent control and numerical simulation study.
3) the energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system described in, the otherness in heap body length direction, pressure edge, temperature, the oxygen concn otherness at heap body middle-end position upper, middle and lower-ranking and the reasonableness of data gathering are taken into full account, along space, the multiple spot monitoring of different gradient is ensureing that the reliability of data is with the while of rational, is also that the correct control of composting process provides foundation.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system structural representation in the present invention, wherein, 1 is temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter, and 2 is data transmission lines, 3 is store and control module, 4 is cylinders, and 5 is composite coatings, and 6 is breather lines, 7 is Move Volumes film machines, 8 is heap bodies, and 9 is movable pulleys, and 10 is compost places.
Embodiment
Below by specific embodiment, method of the present invention is described, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
Embodiment 1, energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system:
The structural representation of the present invention's preparation-obtained energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system is as shown in Figure 1:
Can learn according to Fig. 1: this aerobic composting system mainly comprises compound overlay module, Vent Module, data acquisition module, storage and control module.
Wherein, compound overlay module is made up of compost place 10, composite coating 5 and Move Volumes film machine 7;
Compost place 10 is for stacking through pretreated hybrid composting raw material;
Composite coating 5 belongs to closed selectivity semi-permeable membranes, is made up of respectively from outside to inside uvioresistant layer, waterproof ventilative layer and supporting layer three layers.Outermost layer is Polyester Fibers, has anti-ultraviolet function, and this tunic can air-and water-permeable, but cannot isolated environment factor on the impact of heap body; Middle layer core material is expanded PTFE (ePTFE), and this material waterproofing is breathed freely, and has extremely stable chemical property and very wide temperature applicable range.Middle layer semi-permeable membranes has a large amount of apertures, aperture does not allow macromole (as odoriferous substance or bioaerosol) to pass through, material odorous condenses and is back to heap body on composite coating 5, this layer is the core layer of composite coating 5, plays a significant role in isolated environment factor affects composting process; Innermost layer is supporting layer, makes composite coating 5 have certain space structure plasticity-.Control rate of venting and ventilation time, the clearance space between heap body 8 and composite coating 5 can be made to produce " pressure-fired ", thus the oxygen of gap location automatically toward infiltration in heap body 8, can be made heap body 8 uniform air distribution, be in best fermentation state all the time.Overall composite coating 5 can allow air penetration, but can stop produce in composting process the globule, pathogenic bacteria, dust and foul smell through;
Distance between two movable pulleys 9 of Move Volumes film machine 7 slightly larger than heap body 8 stacking width, Move Volumes film machine 7 along heap body 8 the movement of stacking direction while, cylinder 4 rotate roll or cover composite coating 5.
Vent Module is made up of blower fan and breather line 6, wherein, ventilator trunk 6 embeds compost place along its length, the blast of blower fan and ventilation are by piling the quality of body 8 and highly determining, rate of venting and ventilation time control with control module 3 Intelligence Feedback by storing, to reach the object of " pressure-fired " that maintain clearance space between heap body 8 and composite coating 5.
Data acquisition module comprises temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter 1, wherein, temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter 1 is all respectively 3, rear end in before 3 pressure transmitters are evenly distributed on along heap body 8 length direction, in order to the pressure of clearance space between monitoring heap body 8 and composite coating 5,3 temperature sensors and oxygen concentration sensor are all distributed in upper, middle and lower three layers, in order to the fermentation situation at the monitoring heap different gradient place of body 8 in heap body 8 middle-end.Each sensor 1 forms by metal protection protector, core probe and signal converter.Wherein, the long 1.5m of metal protection protector, top is that 20 ° of coniform being convenient to are inserted in windrow smoothly, and the 5cm place, coniform most advanced and sophisticated top of metal protection protector is inlet mouth, and there is double-layer filtering net its outside, prevents particle from entering to protect; Core probe is all placed in the inlet mouth place of metal protection protector; Signal converter is positioned at metal protection protector head, and signal converter one end is connected with core probe, and the other end is connected with control module 3 with storage with signal transmission line 2, and Main Function is convert the analog electronic signal that described sensor 1 obtains to numerary signal.
Store with control module 3 that to comprise a computer terminal, data software and data transmission line 2 some, operator according to windrow 8 quality and height, by this module controls blast and ventilation.This module receives and stores and show the data transmitted by data acquisition module in the form of images.Store the oxygen concn data at the different gradient place of the heap body 8 shown from control module 3 according to storage and pile the pressure data in gap between body 8 and composite coating 5, Intelligence Feedback controls rate of venting and ventilation time, to reach the object of " pressure-fired " that maintain clearance space between heap body 8 and composite coating 5.
Below the use procedure of aerobic composting system of the present invention is described:
When the present invention carries out mass-producing aerobic composting process, comprise the following steps:
1) composting material sample is gathered, measure each raw material organic content, water ratio and C/N, rational proportion is carried out to each raw material until mixture organic content be more than 70%, water ratio is about 65%, C/N is 20 ~ 25, utilizes forklift that each composting material mixed is piled into 30 × 5 × 1.5m
3heap body.
2) Move Volumes film machine is utilized to be covered by the composite coating spooled on heap body, and by periphery compacting.
3) check Vent Module, data acquisition module and storage and control module, and connect each module; Hold before, during and after 3 pressure transmitters are evenly distributed on heap body along heap body length direction, in order to the pressure in gap between monitoring heap body and composite coating, 3 temperature sensors and 3 oxygen concentration sensors are all distributed in upper, middle and lower-ranking in heap body middle-end, in order to temperature and the oxygen concn at the different gradient place of monitoring heap body, all the sensors monitoring the data obtained directly feeds back to the reference frame of Vent Module as ventilation scheme.
4) start composting test, according to heap body total mass and organic content adjustment single ventilation (rate of venting and ventilation time), make oxygen supply speed be 0.1molO
2kg
-1oMh
-1; The pressure data considering heap body and clearance space between composite coating, temperature data pile body different gradient place and to store and control module stores the oxygen concn data at the different gradient place of the heap body shown, Intelligence Feedback control ventilation frequency.By adjustment single ventilation and ventilation frequency, to maintain " pressure-fired " of clearance space between heap body and composite coating; Make to pile body different gradient places oxygen concn in composting process more than 10%, reach oxygen supply abundance, even, effective object, avoid occurring anaerobic zone in heap body, and then avoid producing mephitis; Make composting process hot stage temperature reach more than 55 DEG C simultaneously, reach as high as 60 ~ 65 DEG C, reached the object killing pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum etc. by high temperature.
5) until heap temperature returns to room temperature, oxygen concn returns to more than 20%, and composting process terminates, and utilizes Move Volumes film machine to be rolled by the composite coating covered, carries out subsequent disposal processing to windrow.This energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system can maintain " pressure-fired " of clearance space between heap body and composite coating, promote that oxygen is toward the initiatively infiltration of heap body, make oxygen supply sufficient, even, effective all the time, avoid in heap body and occur anaerobic zone, decrease generation and the discharge of mephitis, also composting process is accelerated, shorten composting cycle, reduce cost and improve efficiency, under the oxygen supply of abundance, organic matter degradation is comparatively thorough simultaneously, the longer pliotherm period can fully kill pathogenic bacteria, worm's ovum, reaches safe and harmless object.
Above-mentioned energy-saving, environment-friendly and high-efficiency type aerobic composting system is due to composite coating rollable, and volume film machine is removable, and in data acquisition module, each sensor is detachable, and mobile convenient transportation after integral demounting, just quotes with popularization; Not only can monitor temperature, oxygen concn and pressure data, change sensor type, can also monitor other data; Change number of sensors controllable measurement point quantity.
Claims (5)
1. an aerobic composting system, comprises compound overlay module, Vent Module, data acquisition module, storage and control module;
Wherein, described compound overlay module is made up of compost place, composite coating and Move Volumes film machine, and windrow is stacked at compost place, and described composite coating is covered in above windrow by described Move Volumes film machine, builds enclosed space;
Described Vent Module is made up of blower fan and breather line;
Described data acquisition module comprises temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter;
It is some that described storage and control module comprise computer terminal, data software and a data line;
Described data acquisition module is connected with control module with described storage by signal transmission line.
2. aerobic composting system according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described composite coating is made up of uvioresistant layer, waterproof ventilative layer and supporting layer three layers from outside to inside respectively, described uvioresistant layer is the Polyester Fibers after antiultraviolet process, described waterproof ventilative layer is expanded PTFE, and described supporting layer is the Polyester Fibers after antiacid alkaline purification;
Distance between two movable pulleys of described Move Volumes film machine slightly larger than the stacking width of windrow, described Move Volumes film machine along windrow the movement of stacking direction while, cylinder rotate roll or cover composite coating.
3. aerobic composting system according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that: described ventilator trunk embeds compost place along the length direction of heap body, ventilator trunk establish 1 ventilation opening to the windrow air feed above described ventilator trunk every 1m, the single ventilation of described blower fan, by piling body total mass and organic content decision, makes oxygen supply ensure at 0.1molO
2kg
-1oMh
-1above, ventilation frequency controls with control module Intelligence Feedback by storing, to maintain the pressure-fired of clearance space between heap body and composite coating.
4. the aerobic composting system according to any one of claim 1-3, is characterized in that: described temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter are all at least respectively 3;
When being 3, rear end in before 3 described pressure transmitters are evenly distributed on along heap body length direction, 3 described temperature sensors and oxygen concentration sensor are all distributed in upper, middle and lower three layers in heap body middle-end.
5. aerobic composting system according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described temperature sensor, oxygen concentration sensor and pressure transmitter form by metal protection protector, core probe and signal converter;
Wherein, the length of described metal protection protector is 1-2m, and top is 20 ° of coniform tips;
The 3-7cm place, coniform most advanced and sophisticated top of described metal protection protector is inlet mouth, and there is double-layer filtering net described inlet mouth outside; Described core probe is all placed in the inlet mouth place of metal protection protector; The tail end of described metal protection protector has signal converter, and described signal converter one end is connected with described core probe, and the other end is connected with control module with described storage with signal transmission line.
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