CN105023960A - Method of manufacturing antireflection texture of solar cell - Google Patents

Method of manufacturing antireflection texture of solar cell Download PDF

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Publication number
CN105023960A
CN105023960A CN201510332571.XA CN201510332571A CN105023960A CN 105023960 A CN105023960 A CN 105023960A CN 201510332571 A CN201510332571 A CN 201510332571A CN 105023960 A CN105023960 A CN 105023960A
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corrosion
acid
solution
solar cell
alkaline corrosion
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詹锋
卢伟胜
康炀东
倪海桥
黄社松
牛智川
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Guangxi University
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Guangxi University
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L31/00Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
    • H01L31/02Details
    • H01L31/0236Special surface textures
    • H01L31/02363Special surface textures of the semiconductor body itself, e.g. textured active layers
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01LSEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L21/00Processes or apparatus adapted for the manufacture or treatment of semiconductor or solid state devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/02Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof
    • H01L21/04Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer
    • H01L21/18Manufacture or treatment of semiconductor devices or of parts thereof the devices having potential barriers, e.g. a PN junction, depletion layer or carrier concentration layer the devices having semiconductor bodies comprising elements of Group IV of the Periodic Table or AIIIBV compounds with or without impurities, e.g. doping materials
    • H01L21/30Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26
    • H01L21/302Treatment of semiconductor bodies using processes or apparatus not provided for in groups H01L21/20 - H01L21/26 to change their surface-physical characteristics or shape, e.g. etching, polishing, cutting
    • H01L21/306Chemical or electrical treatment, e.g. electrolytic etching
    • H01L21/30604Chemical etching
    • H01L21/30608Anisotropic liquid etching
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Weting (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a method of manufacturing an antireflection texture of a solar cell. The method adopts a combination of acid corrosion and alkaline corrosion, an oxidant and BOE/BHF hydrofluoric acid mixed solution is used for cleaning a multicrystalline wafer damage layer, and acid corrosion is carried out and shallow alkaline corrosion is then carried out. As is shown by a research, after the acid corrosion solution is adopted for corroding the multicrystalline wafer, a uniform texture is formed for the multicrystalline wafer, and thus reflectivity of the surface of the multicrystalline wafer is reduced; and then shallow alkaline corrosion is carried out to enable a subtle Pyramid structure to be grown on the surface of the texture, reflectivity of the texture is further effectively reduced, and the conversion efficiency for the manufactured multicrystalline solar cell is improved by more than 3%. The method of the invention is suitable for manufacturing the texture on the multicrystalline silicon in large-scale industrial production, the cost is low, operation is easy, and commercial value is large; and the method can be directly applied to the existing multicrystalline wafer solar cell production line, and no extra production device needs to be added.

Description

Prepare the method for solar battery antireflective matte
Technical field
The invention belongs to polysilicon chip and prepare technical field of solar batteries, particularly relate to a kind of method preparing solar battery antireflective matte.
Background technology
Reached the silicon solar cell of actual application level from 1954 in U.S.'s Bell Laboratory first photoelectric conversion efficiency that be born, improve the conversion efficiency of solar cell and to reduce costs be the target that people lay siege to always.The kind of solar cell is a lot, as crystal-silicon solar cell, thin film solar cell, Ⅲ-Ⅴ compound semiconductor solar cell, group Ⅱ-Ⅵ compound semiconductor solar cell, CuInGeSe hull cell and organic semiconductor battery etc., in these solar cells, silicon solar cell is the most common.Due to the reserves very abundant (being only second to oxygen) of silicon on the earth, and along with five more than ten years semi-conductor industry development, silicon materials and device technology almost Perfect, cost is also very cheap.Therefore, the thing that the fast development of silicon solar cell is naturally namely natural.Relative to single crystal silicon material (crystaline) conventional in semi-conductor industry, polysilicon (multicrystaline), owing to having more cheap price and can meet solar cell properties requirement, therefore becomes the first-selection of industrialization large-scale production solar cell.In the production technology of silicon solar cell, silicon chip surface texturing is reducing surface reflectivity and is improving in surperficial sunken luminous energy power extremely important.Surface-texturing just refers to and forms a series of regular or different surface configuration with varying in size of random height on a surface of an.Due to the existence of matte, the reflectivity of body surface reduces greatly, and surface falls into luminous energy power and strengthens, and increases the absorption of light, effectively can improve the conversion efficiency of solar cell.
The industrial general alkaline solution chemical corrosion method of heat that adopts prepares monocrystalline silicon suede, due to the anisotropy of alkaline solution corrosion, to silicon, { corrosion rate in 111} face is significantly less than { 100} face for it, so { 100} surface forms pyramid matte, and the reflectivity of silicon chip can control about 10% by this matte.Anisotropic etch method is widely used in now the preparation of 100} single crystal silicon solar cell, but this method but effectively can not reduce the reflectivity of polysilicon.Can not why anisotropy rot etching method be applied to the making herbs into wool of polysilicon? this is because the crystal orientation of each crystal grain of polysilicon is random distribution, anisotropic alkaline corrosion liquid can only make those crystal orientation close to { grain surface of 100} has pyramid matte, and other crystal grain still have higher reflectivity, although the reflectivity of silicon chip decreases on the whole, but DeGrain, and the step that each intercrystalline causes because of different corrosion rate brings comparatively burden to further battery technique.So far, a kind of making herbs into wool technology is not still had to reach the level of Standard screen printing batch production solar cell.During alkaline corrosion corrosion polysilicon, cause the appearance of inevitable crystal particle crystal boundary profile, and the higher step produced between the crystal grain of adjacent different crystal orientations, make to produce uniform suede and knit surface, make the open circuit voltage of solar cell and efficiency cannot be satisfactory.
Polycrystalline silicon suede has become the focus of research both at home and abroad in recent years, at present the existing multiple method preparing polycrystalline silicon suede, comprises mechanical carving groove method, laser ablation method, reactive ion etching method (RIE) and isotropism chemistry etch etc.Wherein, the cost compare of mechanical carving groove and photoetching technique making herbs into wool is high, and is unfavorable for large-scale industrial production; Though RIE method can be compatible with large-scale industrial production, because RIE is a kind of technique of complexity, need complicated equipment and higher cost, hinder the large-scale production and application of this method.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide a kind of low, the easy to operate and method preparing solar battery antireflective matte of suitable for mass production of cost, and this method can make the reflectance reduction on polysilicon chip surface, improves the conversion efficiency of polycrystalline silicon solar cell.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention is by the following technical solutions: the method preparing solar battery antireflective matte, acid etching solution cleaning polysilicon chip damage layer is adopted to carry out acid corrosion, make it to produce uniform suede and knit surface, this acid etching solution is oxidant and BOE/BHF hydrofluoric acid mixed solution; Clean routinely after acid corrosion, then adopt alkaline corrosion solution to knit surface at suede and carry out anisotropic shallow-layer alkaline corrosion, make suede knit the trickle pyramid structure of Surface Creation, this alkaline corrosion solution is potassium hydroxide or NaOH.
Oxidant is nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide.
In acid etching solution, the concentration of oxidant is 1-13 mol/L, the concentration of BOE/BHF hydrofluoric acid is 1-15 mol/L; Alkaline corrosion solution is the potassium hydroxide of 1-7 mol/L or the NaOH of 1-6 mol/L.
Acid etching solution temperature is 5-50 degree Celsius, and the acid corrosion time is 2-60 minute; Alkaline corrosion solution temperature is 30-90 degree Celsius, and the alkaline corrosion time is 10 seconds-2 minutes.
Acid corrosion is for be immersed in polysilicon chip in acid etching solution, and alkaline corrosion is for be immersed in polysilicon chip in alkaline corrosion solution.
The polysilicon chip thickness be corroded is 100-500 micron, and it is the matte that 1-15 micron is uniformly distributed trickle pyramid structure that the polysilicon chip surface after being corroded forms size.
Polysilicon chip Problems existing is corroded for conventional alkaline corrosive liquid (NaOH and KOH), we have established a kind of new method preparing solar battery antireflective matte, this method adopts acid corrosion and caustic corrosion to combine---and oxidant and BOE/BHF hydrofluoric acid mixed solution cleaning polysilicon chip damage layer carry out acid corrosion and carry out shallow-layer caustic corrosion again.Research shows, after the present invention adopts acid etching solution to corrode polysilicon chip, polysilicon chip can form uniform matte, makes the reflectance reduction on polysilicon chip surface; Carrying out shallow-layer caustic corrosion more then makes suede knit the trickle pyramid structure of Surface Creation, effectively reduces matte reflectivity further, improves the conversion efficiency more than 3% of the polysilicon solar cell made.Cost of the present invention is low, easy to operate, is suitable for preparing matte on the polysilicon of large-scale industrial production, has larger commercial value; Meanwhile, the present invention also can directly apply to existing polysilicon chip manufacture of solar cells line and not need to add extra production equipment; In addition, this method also can be used on other similar solar cells.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
1, prepare with p-type polysilicon chip, thickness is 500 microns.
2, acetone, ethanol, trichloroethylene is used to do conventional cleaning to silicon chip.
3, prepare nitric acid 10 mol/L and BOE/BHF hydrofluoric acid 12 mol/L, potassium hydroxide solution 4 mol/L, add the solution of deionized water preparation desired concn, stir under 25 ' C environment and place, make each solution be cooled to 25 DEG C, uniform ingredients.
4, configure acid etching solution, oxidant nitric acid and BOE/BHF are mixed by 4 to 1.
5, polysilicon chip is immersed in acid etching solution, uses timer timing, by the temperature of acid and alkali-resistance thermometer test reaction liquid in course of reaction, control temperature 5-50 degree Celsius, the acid corrosion time is 2-50 minute, temperature height then suitably reduces etching time.
6, acid corrosion terminate after silicon chip deionized water repeatedly rush Xian for several times.Detect through Electronic Speculum, silicon chip produces uniform suede and knits surface.
7, polysilicon chip is immersed in caustic corrosion solution potassium hydroxide, uses timer timing, and by the temperature of acid and alkali-resistance thermometer test reaction liquid in course of reaction, control temperature is 30-90 degree Celsius, the caustic corrosion time is 10 seconds-2 minutes.
8, caustic corrosion terminate after silicon chip deionized water repeatedly rush Xian for several times, use acetone, ethanol, trichloroethylene to do conventional cleaning to silicon chip, dry.Detect through Electronic Speculum, it is the matte that 1-15 micron is uniformly distributed trickle pyramid structure that polysilicon chip surface after corrosion forms size, than the matte of a common step sour corrosion method gained, there is more trickle light trapping structure, after covering antireflection film, promote the conversion efficiency more than 3% of solar cell.
Embodiment 2
1, adopt N-shaped polysilicon chip, thickness is 500 microns, uses acetone, ethanol, trichloroethylene to do conventional cleaning to silicon chip.
2, prepare nitric acid 10 mol/L and BOE/BHF hydrofluoric acid 12 mol/L, potassium hydroxide solution 4 mol/L, add the solution of deionized water preparation desired concn, stir under 25 ' C environment and place, make each solution be cooled to 25 DEG C, uniform ingredients.
3, configure acid etching solution, oxidant nitric acid and BOE/BHF are mixed by 4 to 1.
4, polysilicon chip is immersed in acid etching solution, use timer timing, by the temperature of acid and alkali-resistance thermometer test reaction liquid in course of reaction, notice that N-shaped polysilicon chip is faster than the acid corrosion speed of p-type polysilicon chip, control temperature 5-50 degree Celsius, the acid corrosion time is 2-50 minute, temperature height then suitably reduces etching time.
5, acid corrosion terminate after silicon chip deionized water repeatedly rush Xian for several times.Detect through Electronic Speculum, silicon chip produces uniform suede and knits surface.
6, polysilicon chip is immersed in caustic corrosion solution potassium hydroxide, uses timer timing, and by the temperature of acid and alkali-resistance thermometer test reaction liquid in course of reaction, control temperature is 30-90 degree Celsius, the caustic corrosion time is 10 seconds-2 minutes.
7, caustic corrosion terminate after silicon chip deionized water repeatedly rush Xian for several times, use acetone, ethanol, trichloroethylene to do conventional cleaning to silicon chip, dry.Detect through Electronic Speculum, it is the matte that 1-15 micron is uniformly distributed trickle pyramid structure that polysilicon chip surface after corrosion forms size, than the matte of a common step sour corrosion method gained, there is more trickle light trapping structure, can promote the conversion efficiency more than 3% of solar cell after covering antireflection film, N-shaped polysilicon is that the silicon chip efficiency of substrate is higher.

Claims (6)

1. prepare a method for solar battery antireflective matte, it is characterized in that: adopt acid etching solution cleaning polysilicon chip damage layer to carry out acid corrosion, make it to produce uniform suede and knit surface, this acid etching solution is oxidant and BOE/BHF hydrofluoric acid mixed solution; Clean routinely after acid corrosion, then adopt alkaline corrosion solution to knit surface at suede and carry out anisotropic shallow-layer alkaline corrosion, make suede knit the trickle pyramid structure of Surface Creation, this alkaline corrosion solution is potassium hydroxide or NaOH.
2. the method preparing solar battery antireflective matte according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described oxidant is nitric acid or hydrogen peroxide.
3. the method preparing solar battery antireflective matte according to claim 2, is characterized in that: in described acid etching solution, the concentration of oxidant is 1-13 mol/L, the concentration of BOE/BHF hydrofluoric acid is 1-15 mol/L; Described alkaline corrosion solution is the potassium hydroxide of 1-7 mol/L or the NaOH of 1-6 mol/L.
4. the method preparing solar battery antireflective matte according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described acid etching solution temperature is 5-50 degree Celsius, and the acid corrosion time is 2-60 minute; Described alkaline corrosion solution temperature is 30-90 degree Celsius, and the alkaline corrosion time is 10 seconds-2 minutes.
5. the method preparing solar battery antireflective matte according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described acid corrosion is for be immersed in polysilicon chip in acid etching solution, and described alkaline corrosion is for be immersed in polysilicon chip in alkaline corrosion solution.
6. the method preparing solar battery antireflective matte according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the described polysilicon chip thickness be corroded is 100-500 micron, it is the matte that 1-15 micron is uniformly distributed trickle pyramid structure that the described polysilicon chip surface after being corroded forms size.
CN201510332571.XA 2014-12-19 2015-06-16 Method of manufacturing antireflection texture of solar cell Pending CN105023960A (en)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113506724A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-15 扬州虹扬科技发展有限公司 Method for treating GPP silicon wafer before nickel plating
CN115172488A (en) * 2022-05-31 2022-10-11 晶科能源(上饶)有限公司 Solar cell and manufacturing method thereof

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103151423A (en) * 2013-02-28 2013-06-12 常州捷佳创精密机械有限公司 Texturing and cleaning process method of polysilicon wafer
CN103413759A (en) * 2013-08-07 2013-11-27 上饶光电高科技有限公司 Texture surface making method of polycrystalline silicon wafers
CN103541017A (en) * 2013-10-28 2014-01-29 山东力诺太阳能电力股份有限公司 Polycrystalline silicon solar cell wet-process texturization method

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103151423A (en) * 2013-02-28 2013-06-12 常州捷佳创精密机械有限公司 Texturing and cleaning process method of polysilicon wafer
CN103413759A (en) * 2013-08-07 2013-11-27 上饶光电高科技有限公司 Texture surface making method of polycrystalline silicon wafers
CN103541017A (en) * 2013-10-28 2014-01-29 山东力诺太阳能电力股份有限公司 Polycrystalline silicon solar cell wet-process texturization method

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN113506724A (en) * 2021-07-05 2021-10-15 扬州虹扬科技发展有限公司 Method for treating GPP silicon wafer before nickel plating
CN113506724B (en) * 2021-07-05 2022-07-01 扬州虹扬科技发展有限公司 Method for treating GPP silicon wafer before nickel plating
CN115172488A (en) * 2022-05-31 2022-10-11 晶科能源(上饶)有限公司 Solar cell and manufacturing method thereof
CN115172488B (en) * 2022-05-31 2023-10-20 晶科能源(上饶)有限公司 Solar cell manufacturing method and solar cell

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