CN1050111A - 双电荷层电容器 - Google Patents

双电荷层电容器 Download PDF

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CN1050111A
CN1050111A CN90107611A CN90107611A CN1050111A CN 1050111 A CN1050111 A CN 1050111A CN 90107611 A CN90107611 A CN 90107611A CN 90107611 A CN90107611 A CN 90107611A CN 1050111 A CN1050111 A CN 1050111A
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electrode
layer capacitor
polarizing
charge layer
double charge
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CN1028062C (zh
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仓林研
土屋善信
吉田彰夫
小泉均
仁井田赖明
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Isuzu Motors Ltd
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/66—Current collectors
    • H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES OR LIGHT-SENSITIVE DEVICES, OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H01G11/80—Gaskets; Sealings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Abstract

一种双电荷层电容器具有各自包含一多孔烧结 体的两个极化电极，以及两个各自由一基底和混合在 基底中的导电细微粒子组成的导电材料制成的集电 极。该集电极与极化电极的表面保持接触并渗入极 化电极的细孔中。

Description

本发明涉及一种利用双电荷层原理、具有大静电电容的双电荷层电容器。
近来，已经研制出用作电子系统存储器备用电源的、基于双电荷层原理的大容量电容器，并将其广泛应用于微计算机和集成电路（IC）存储器。
例如，在美国专利第3，536，963号中公开了一种双电荷层电容器。附图4表示了该公开的双电荷层电容器的结构。该双电荷层电容器含有一单个基本单元，该基本单元包含有：一对用作集电极的电子导体的集电极20、一对用活性碳粒子制成的碳电极10、不导电的密封垫30和一块用以防止电子在碳电极10间移动位于所述电极10间的隔离板40。碳电极10如糊状电极由粉末状或颗粒状活性碳和一种电解质混合的凝缩悬浮液制成。该电解质执行三个功能。它作为离子导电的加速剂，离子源和碳粒子的胶合剂。
减小双电荷层电容器的内阻是重要的。极化电极活性碳的接触电阻和集电极与极化电极之间的接触电阻对双电荷层电容器的内电阻的影响很大。
因此，为减小极化电极的内阻和集电极与极化电极间的接触电阻，每个基本单元应保持在垂直位力之下，使糊状活性碳的粒子处于良好的相互电接触状态。常规双电荷层电容器对每一基本单元所需加上的压力虽然取决于电极的尺寸、碳材料粒子的尺寸或所用电解质的种类，但应保持约100kg/cm的压强。在先有的双电荷层电容器中，通过使电容器外壳变形或将集电极牢牢地结合于密封垫上而使该单元保持在受压状态。如果准备将一个双电荷层电容器用作大容量电容器，例如，用以驱动马达的电源，则必须增大基本单元电极的截面面积。因此，施加于该基本单元的压力也必须增大。然而，增大压力会导致一些实际问题，诸如施加压力装置的选择和对装有基本单元的外壳的高刚性要求。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种具有由极化电极和电解质中的界面构成的双电荷层的双电荷层电容器，该双电荷层电容器具有减小的极化电极的内阻和减小的集电极与极化电极间的接触电阻。
本发明提供一种具有由极化电极和电解质中的界面构成的双电荷层的双电荷层电容器，它至少含有：两个各有一多孔烧结体的极化电极、两个各自由一基底和混合在该基底中的导电细微粒子组成的导电材料制成的集电极，以及设置在集电极之间并环绕极化电极的密封垫，所述极化电极配置有彼此相对而不接触的表面，所述集电极与极化电极的另一表面保持接触并渗入极化电极的细孔，所述密封垫和集电极的周边边缘连结在一起。
本发明的上述以及其它目的、特征和优点通过下面描述并结合以图示实例的方法表示本发明的最佳实施例的附图将变得更加明确。
图1是根据本发明一实施例的双电荷层电容器的截面图，
图2是图1中环绕A区域的放大图，
图3是表示根据本发明另一实施例的双电荷层电容器类似于图2的放大图，以及
图4是常规双电荷层电容器的截面图。
下面，参照附图对本发明的实施例加以详细说明。
图1表示根据本发明一实施例的双电荷层电容器的截面图，而图2表示图1中环绕A区域的比例放大的示图。
如图1和2所示，该双电荷层电容器有一对各自呈多孔板状电极体的极化电极1，该电极体由活性碳细微粒子通过焙烧或诸如等离子喷涂那样的烧结工艺而制成，并用电解液浸渍该电极体。由于粒子在电极体中都结合在一起，所以极化电极1具有很小的内电阻。因为它们是多孔的，故而极化电极1的表面面积是很大的。该极化电极1设置有面对的相互不接触的表面。在极化电极1之间，插入有用诸如聚丙烯那样的无纺织品制成的隔离板4，用使极化电极1保持相互不接触，从而制止电子在极化电极1之间移动却允许离子在其间移动。将极化电极1和隔离板4设置在围绕它们的密封垫3中。
一对集电极2分别与极化电极1的另一表面保持接触。如下制作该集电极2：将导电细微粒子混合在末硫化橡胶中作为基底，并通过热处理使所述混合物附着到电极1上。集电极2的材料就这样渗入多孔电极体的微孔，并使集电极2的周边边缘与密封垫3的整个环形边缘紧密接触而得以紧固。如图2以放大比例所示出的，由于集电极2渗入经焙烧或烧结的活性碳电极1中，所以使集电极2与电极1通过非常大的面积保持着接触，因而，集电极2与该电极1之间的接触电阻是很小的。
如上所述构成的双电荷层电容器具有如下给出的各种优点。因为电极体是通过焙烧或烧结的微粒活性碳制成的，所以材料的微粒都结合在一起，于是所述电极体的内电阻就很小。
通过使末硫化的橡胶与混合在其中的导电微粒与多孔电极体保持接触，然后通过热处理使该橡胶与电极体保持紧密接触而制作集电极。因此，导电橡胶流进多孔电极体的微孔中。因而增大了通过其电极体和集电极相互接触的面积，导致伴生的其间接触电阻的减小。
由于用一种电解质浸渍该电极体，可通过该电极体的低内阻和电极体与集电极间低接触电阻而引出在多孔电极体的广大表面中存储的电荷。据此，该双电荷层电容器是大静电电容和低内阻的，而且无需把双电荷层电容器置于一高压强下，而在其他情况（例如常规电容器情况）则要求用该高压强来减小内电阻和接触电阻。
图3以放大比例示出在根据本发明的另一个实施例的双电荷层电容器中，多孔电极与集电极结合的形式。
图3中，电极11是呈多孔板状、由活性碳细微粒子通过烧结而制成、并由电解液加以浸渍的电极体。集电极21是通过把碳细微粒子混合进象环氧树脂那样的合成树脂单体中，把所述混合物涂到电极体上，并在加热或常温下使所涂的混合物固体，从而使作为集电极的混合物与密封垫的整个周边边缘保持紧密接触而加以制备的。由于通过混合的碳微粒而进行导电的集电极21的材料渗入多孔电极体的微孔，并与此接触而加以固化，所以使用电解质浸渍的电极11和集电极21相互通过广大面积保持接触。据此，在电极11与集电极21间的接触电阻是一非常小的值。
虽然示出并描述了一些最佳实施例，但应该理解，在不违背附加的权利要求范围的情况下，仍可能作出很多的变化和变型。

Claims (4)

1、一种具有由在极化电极和电解质中的界面构成的双电荷层的双电荷层电容器，它包含：
至少两个各自含有一多孔烧结体的极化电极，所述极化电极设置有彼此相对而不接触的表面，
两个各自由一基底和混合在所述基底中的导电细微粒子组成的导电材料制成的集电极，所述集电极与所述极化电极的其它表面保持接触并渗入极化电极的细孔，以及
设置在所述集电极之间并环绕所述极化电极的密封垫，所述密封垫和集电极的周边边缘连结在一起。
2、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器，其特征在于每个所述集电极材料的基底包含未经硫化的橡胶，所述集电极通过对该未经硫化的橡胶进行热处理而紧固到所述极化电极上。
3、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器，其特征在于每个所述集电极材料的基底包含环氧树脂的合成树脂单体，所述集电极通过涂上该合成树脂单体而紧固到所述极化电极上。
4、根据权利要求1的双电荷层电容器，其特征在于还包含一插在所述极化电极之间的隔离板，用以制止电子在所述极化电极之间移动却允许离子在其间移动。
CN90107611A 1989-09-07 1990-09-07 双电荷层电容器 Expired - Fee Related CN1028062C (zh)

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JP232243/89 1989-09-07

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CN1028062C CN1028062C (zh) 1995-03-29

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US (1) US5086373A (zh)
EP (1) EP0416790B1 (zh)
KR (1) KR100225159B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN1028062C (zh)
CA (1) CA2023551C (zh)
DE (1) DE69031754T2 (zh)

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KR100225159B1 (ko) 1999-10-15
EP0416790A2 (en) 1991-03-13
CA2023551A1 (en) 1991-03-08
EP0416790A3 (en) 1991-04-24
KR920007014A (ko) 1992-04-28
DE69031754T2 (de) 1998-03-19
EP0416790B1 (en) 1997-11-26
CN1028062C (zh) 1995-03-29
CA2023551C (en) 1994-05-10
DE69031754D1 (de) 1998-01-08
US5086373A (en) 1992-02-04

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