CN105010046B - The method that number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits is opened using fruit mulberry - Google Patents
The method that number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits is opened using fruit mulberry Download PDFInfo
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- CN105010046B CN105010046B CN201510482887.7A CN201510482887A CN105010046B CN 105010046 B CN105010046 B CN 105010046B CN 201510482887 A CN201510482887 A CN 201510482887A CN 105010046 B CN105010046 B CN 105010046B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of method that number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits is opened using fruit mulberry, for existing in production practices, florescence identification is difficult, misses phenomena such as florescence medication, cause diseases of mulberry fruits prevention effect poor, the present invention explores fruit mulberry and opens feasibility of the number of sheets as diseases of mulberry fruits evidence for prevention and cure, the method most preferably prevented and treated with the diseases of mulberry fruits that this matches is formulated, the technical problem for solving diseases of mulberry fruits prevention effect difference caused by identification is difficult because of the florescence in production practices.It is directly perceived to open number of sheets observation, easy to operation, identification is easy, is identical with the florescence, and diseases of mulberry fruits significant effect is prevented and treated as foundation to open the number of sheets.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to agricultural technology field, more particularly to a kind of side that number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits is opened using fruit mulberry
Method.
Background technology
Mulberry fruit is the mature fruit cluster of mulberry tree, also referred to as sorosis, is a kind of high-quality fruit resource, first batch of medicine is classified as by the Ministry of Public Health
Eat homologous plant.Mulberry fruit has the characteristics that nutritious, unique flavor, health-care effect protrude, with expanding economy and life
Horizontal raising, mulberry fruit product is increasingly by consumers.In the past 10 years, China fruit mulberry planting area expands rapidly, and
Diseases of mulberry fruits is the greatest problem that current fruit mulberry industry development is faced.Diseases of mulberry fruits is also known as gingko disease, category Mycophyta disease
Evil, is divided into the hypertrophy sclerotiniose of mulberry fruit, mulberry fruit constrictive sclerotinios, mulberry fruit 3 kinds of diseases of small graininess sclerotiniose, when mulberry tree blooms
Germ starts to invade, and as a result rear symptom shows, and color is white;Disease fruit is without commodity and edibility.As prevented and treated not in time or arranging
Apply and do not satisfy the need, the incidence of disease is up to 30%~90%, or even total crop failure.Although taking many measures after breaking out, control difficulty is big,
Cost is high.
The main prevention and controls of diseases of mulberry fruits at present:Mainly in mulberry tree Spraying in the flowering stage broad-spectrum germicide, but dispenser
Period and number are inconsistent.1. sprayed from initial bloom stage, even spray 4 times, 7 days intervals;2. in mulberry tree early flowering season, full-bloom stage, decline
The period difference dispenser 1 time of florescence 3;3. sprayed 1 time from initial bloom stage to the decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase every 5 days, dispenser more than 7 times;4. from first flower
Sprayed from phase, even spray 3 times, 10 days intervals.5. also having mulberry fruit bacterium is prevented and treated by spraying glyphosate in soil when mulberry tree blooms
Core disease.
Its shortcoming is:Above-mentioned preceding 4 kinds of methods are prevented and treated by observing the florescence, florescence identification difficulty etc. are present and are asked
Topic.It is that column cap opens in ox horn shape that mulberry tree female flower, which opens, because style length and column cap shape are different because of kind, it is necessary to certain special
Industry knowledge frequently identifies.Florescence identification difficulty in production practices be present, miss phenomena such as florescence medication, cause diseases of mulberry fruits to prevent
It is poor to control effect.At present, fruit mulberry field area scale differs, and larger base is furnished with professional and technical personnel, can correctly know
At the other florescence, medication time is preferably held, can effectively control this disease to occur.But the overwhelming majority is engaged in the garden for harvesting of going sightseeing, base
Scale is smaller, typically only tens mus up to a hundred, lack professional and technical personnel, it is impossible to the florescence is correctly identified, when thus missing preventing and treating
Phase, sclerotiniose is caused to remain high.
" a kind of method for preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits " is in late Febuary-April as disclosed in Chinese patent CN102258052A
When the middle ten days mulberry tree blooms, the apothecium germination period of three kinds of sclerotinioses of mulberry fruit, sprayed using 500-750 times of liquid of Glyphosate in Wettable Powder
Spill mulberry field ground 2-3 times.Its shortcoming is:Sprinkling glyphosate is the householder method for preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits, and sprinkling ground is not straight
Connect and act on crop, prevention effect is poor, it is still necessary to mulberry is sprayed by observing the florescence, therefore can not substitute and mulberry is sprayed
The prevention and controls of medicine.
The content of the invention
The present invention explores fruit mulberry and opens feasibility of the number of sheets as diseases of mulberry fruits evidence for prevention and cure, has formulated and has matched with this
The optimal prevention and controls of diseases of mulberry fruits, solve in production practices because the florescence identify difficulty caused by diseases of mulberry fruits prevention effect
The technical problem of difference.
Leaf, Flowering Characteristics are opened according to the spring rudiment of fruit mulberry, and diseases of mulberry fruits ascospore is invaded by style and spent
The pathogenic principle of device, using following steps:
Circulated according to diseases of mulberry fruits Infected with Pathogenic Fungi and carry out 3 chemical control:
1st chemical control:Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens when the number of sheets reaches 4 and carried out, and is now in initial bloom stage;
2nd chemical control:Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens when the number of sheets reaches 6 and carried out, and is now in full-bloom stage;
3rd chemical control:Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens when the number of sheets reaches 8 and carried out, and is now in the decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase;
From medicament:70% 1000-1500 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-
800 times of liquid, 50% 1000-1200 times of liquid of procymidone wettable powder, 10% 1200-1800 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granule,
Select any 2 kinds or medicament of more than two kinds is used alternatingly.
Because diseases of mulberry fruits cause of disease is fungi, travel to female take of fruit mulberry to form primary infection by wind-force with spore;Institute
When applying medicament, uniformly to be sprayed by branch by strain, accomplish that inflorescence, leaf, branch are sufficiently humidified so as to, to drip for degree, drain spray is prevented,
The common mulberry fields such as the Ye Yongsang adjacent to fruit mulberry field, discarded mulberry prevent and treat in the lump.The Drug use administration leaf adjacent to fruit mulberry field is used
Answer same period medication preventing and treating in the common mulberry fields such as mulberry, discarded mulberry.
Open the number of sheets and florescence correlation test
Spring in 2015,11 years raw seedless big by ten, haws two, white jade kings, 6 years raw Jianglings 30 are chosen in mulberry field
Number 4 kinds are subjects, and each kind chooses 15 plants of trees, is a repetition by every 5 plants trees, if repeating three times, every plant is set
Determine that 2 branches, every branch determine that it be the object of observation to push up upper 3 young sprouts, timing daily is observed, in detail record mulberry tree open leaf,
Bloom situation.
The mulberry tree florescence is distinguished by the amount of blooming, and the open 5%-10% of mulberry is initial bloom stage, and Sang Huakai unconventional and unrestrained 50% is full-bloom stage, mulberry
The flowers are in blossom, and to put more than 90% be the decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase.Fruit mulberry Main Cultivars seedless big by ten, haw two, white jade king and Jiangling 30 are being opened
The number of sheets necessarily associates with existing on florescence, as shown in Table 1 and Table 2, as seen from table:Although the initial bloom stage of different cultivars, full blossom
Phase and decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase Time Inconsistency, but open the number of sheets and be identical with the florescence, i.e., more than 83% is opening when the number of sheets reaches 4 mulberry tree just
The mulberry tree when number of sheets reaches 6 is opened more than initial bloom stage, 82% and is in full-bloom stage, more than 81% opens mulberry tree when the number of sheets reaches 8
It is in the decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase.
Each fruit mulberry races florescence application form of table 1
Each fruit mulberry races of table 2 opens number of sheets application form
Chemical control experiment
Spring in 2015,11 years raw seedless big by ten, haws two, white jade kings, 6 years raw Jianglings 30 are chosen in mulberry field
Number 4 kinds are subjects, when four seed pod mulberry races 4,6,8 leaves, initial bloom stage, full-bloom stage, thank to the florescence and open
Open up the 1st, 2,3 spray preventing and treating;70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder of spray, 1200 times of liquid, second of 50% carbendazim of spray for the first time
800 times of liquid of wettable powder, third time spray 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 1200 times of liquid, with the kg/ of amount of liquid medicine 50
667m2, using clear water as control, totally 7 are handled, each 3 plants of trees of processing, are repeated three times, random alignment, and per area, 90 plants are about 100
m2, using 3WBD-20 types knapsack electric sprayer after morning dew is dry in setting, tree crown even spraying, to drip for degree,
Accomplish comprehensively thoroughly, respectively each processing mulberry fruit grain number of investigation, disease fruit grain number.
Disease fruit is instituted an inquiry in each fruit mulberry races mulberry fruit annesl, 2-3 d pluck 1 disease fruit before mulberry fruit maturation, and mulberry fruit is ripe
When amount is few plucks every other day, measures more harvesting disease fruits daily.The each processing complete stool mulberry fruit grain number of record, disease fruit grain number, calculate diseased fruit rate
And Rectifying efficacies, calculation formula are diseased fruit rate(%)=complete stool disease fruit grain number/complete stool mulberry fruit grain number * 100, Rectifying efficacies(%)=(It is right
According to area's diseased fruit rate-treatment region diseased fruit rate)/ check plot diseased fruit rate * 100.
1 chemical control is carried out respectively when fruit mulberry leaf digit reaches 4,6,8, with being spent by observing the florescence in first
The prevention effect that phase, full-bloom stage, decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase carry out 1 chemical control respectively compares, and as shown in table 3, as a result finds:Observe leaf position
Number is suitable with florescence prevention effect, obtains preferable prevention effect.
34 kind diseases of mulberry fruits prevention effects of table
The innovation of diseases of mulberry fruits Control stage method is:Using the leaf digit substitution observation florescence is observed, according to mulberry fruit
The circulation of sclerotiniose Infected with Pathogenic Fungi carries out 3 chemical control, i.e., carries out 1 medicament respectively when opening the number of sheets up to 4,6,8 and prevent
Control.Simple and clear, ordinary person according to the number of sheets is opened with regard to that can determine when to be prevented and treated.
Diseases of mulberry fruits preventing and treating in the past is by observing the florescence, and some area preventing and treating times are fruit mulberry full-bloom stage;Part
Area starts to prevent and treat in fruit mulberry initial bloom stage, and 1 chemical control was carried out every 5-7 days, until female flower is all pollinated, column cap dries up,
I.e. the florescence terminates to discontinue medication.And this method Control stage be according to diseases of mulberry fruits Infected with Pathogenic Fungi circulation, fruit mulberry leaf digit with
The relation at florescence, 1 chemical control is carried out respectively in 4, fruit mulberry, 6,8 leaves, solve in production practices because the florescence knows
The not difficult technical problem for causing diseases of mulberry fruits prevention effect difference.It is directly perceived to open number of sheets observation, easy to operation, identification is held
Easily, it is identical with the florescence, to open the number of sheets as according to preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits significant effect.
The technology of the present invention has easy to operation, and observation is directly perceived, and identification is easy, opens the number of sheets and is identical with the florescence, with
It is according to preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits significant effect to open the number of sheets.
Embodiment:
Embodiment one:
Number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits method is opened using fruit mulberry, spring in 2015, chosen in mulberry field 11 years it is raw seedless
Big by ten, haw two is subjects.First time chemical control is carried out when the number of sheets reaches 4 when fruit mulberry more than 80% opens, now just
In initial bloom stage, 70% 1000 times of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder liquid;Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens when the number of sheets reaches 6 and carries out second
Secondary chemical control, now it is in full-bloom stage, 50% 600 times of carbendazol wettable powder liquid;Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens the number of sheets and reaches 8
The 3rd chemical control is carried out during piece, is now in decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase, 70% 1000 times of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder liquid.Spray medicine
Uniformly to be sprayed by branch by strain during agent, accomplish that inflorescence, leaf, branch are sufficiently humidified so as to, to drip for degree, drain spray is prevented, to fruit mulberry field phase
Adjacent common mulberry field prevents and treats in the lump.As a result find, thiophanate-methyl and carbendazim are alternately sprayed in good time, to diseases of mulberry fruits
Prevention effect is up to more than 97%.
Embodiment two:
Number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits method is opened using fruit mulberry, spring in 2015, chosen in mulberry field 11 years it is raw seedless
3 big by ten, haw two, white jade king kinds are subjects.The 1st medicine is carried out when the number of sheets reaches 4 when fruit mulberry more than 80% opens
Agent prevents and treats, and is now in initial bloom stage, 50% 1200 times of procymidone wettable powder liquid;Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens the number of sheets and reaches 6
The 2nd chemical controls of Shi Jinhang, now it is in full-bloom stage, 10% 1200 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granule;Fruit mulberry 80% with
On open the 3rd chemical control carried out when the number of sheets reaches 8, be now in decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase, 50% 1200 times of procymidone wettable powder
Liquid.Uniformly to be sprayed by branch by strain when spraying medicament, accomplish that inflorescence, leaf, branch are sufficiently humidified so as to, to drip for degree, prevent drain spray, it is right
The adjacent common mulberry field in fruit mulberry field prevents and treats in the lump.As a result find, procymidone and Difenoconazole are alternately sprayed in good time, to mulberry fruit
The prevention effect of sclerotiniose is up to more than 96%.
Embodiment three:
Number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits method is opened using fruit mulberry, spring in 2015, chosen in mulberry field 11 years it is raw seedless
Big by ten, white jade king is subjects.The 1st chemical control is carried out when the number of sheets reaches 4 when fruit mulberry more than 80% opens, now positive place
In initial bloom stage, 70% 1500 times of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder liquid;Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens to be carried out the 2nd time when the number of sheets reaches 6
Chemical control, now it is in full-bloom stage, 10% 1800 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granule;Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens the number of sheets and reached
The 3rd chemical control is carried out at 8, is now in decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase, 70% 1500 times of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder liquid.Spray
Uniformly to be sprayed by branch by strain during medicament, accomplish that inflorescence, leaf, branch are sufficiently humidified so as to, to drip for degree, drain spray is prevented, to fruit mulberry field
Adjacent common mulberry field prevents and treats in the lump.As a result find, thiophanate-methyl and Difenoconazole are alternately sprayed in good time, to mulberry fruit bacterium
The prevention effect of core disease is up to more than 98%.
Example IV:
Number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits method is opened using fruit mulberry, spring in 2015, chosen in mulberry field 11 years it is raw seedless
Big by ten, haw two, white jade king, raw 4 kinds of Jiangling No. 30 are subjects within 6 years.Reach when fruit mulberry more than 80% opens the number of sheets
The 1st chemical control is carried out at 4, is now in initial bloom stage, 10% 1500 times of difenoconazole water dispersible granule;Fruit mulberry 80%
Open above and the 2nd chemical control is carried out when the number of sheets reaches 6, be now in full-bloom stage, 50% procymidone wettable powder 1000
Times liquid;Fruit mulberry more than 80%, which opens, carries out the 3rd chemical control when the number of sheets reaches 8, be now in decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase, 70% methyl sulfur bacterium
Clever 1200 times of liquid of wettable powder.Uniformly to be sprayed by branch by strain when spraying medicament, accomplish that inflorescence, leaf, branch are sufficiently humidified so as to, with drop
Water is degree, prevents drain spray, the common mulberry field adjacent to fruit mulberry field prevents and treats in the lump.As a result find, in good time sprinkling Difenoconazole,
Procymidone and thiophanate-methyl, more than 92% is up to the prevention effect of diseases of mulberry fruits.
Diseases of mulberry fruits Chemical control times, Control stage and the above be it is any selection 2 kinds or medicament of more than two kinds hand over
For the example used, also many combinations belong to the scope of the present invention.
Claims (1)
1. a kind of method that number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits is opened using fruit mulberry, is comprised the following steps:
Circulated according to diseases of mulberry fruits Infected with Pathogenic Fungi and carry out 3 chemical control:
1st chemical control:Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens when the number of sheets reaches 4 and carried out, and is now in initial bloom stage;
2nd chemical control:Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens when the number of sheets reaches 6 and carried out, and is now in full-bloom stage;
3rd chemical control:Fruit mulberry more than 80% opens when the number of sheets reaches 8 and carried out, and is now in the decorative pattern at the end of a poem, article, etc. where there is a small blank space phase;
From medicament:70% 1000-1500 times of liquid of thiophanate-methyl wettable powder, 50% carbendazol wettable powder 600-
800 times of liquid, 50% 1000-1200 times of liquid of procymidone wettable powder, 10% difenoconazole water dispersible granule 1200-1800
Times;
Drug use administration:Uniformly to be sprayed by branch by strain when spraying medicament, accomplish that inflorescence, leaf, branch are sufficiently humidified so as to, to drip for degree,
Drain spray is prevented, the common mulberry field adjacent to fruit mulberry field prevents and treats in the lump;
It is described to select any 2 kinds from medicament or medicament of more than two kinds is used alternatingly;
Answer same period medication preventing and treating in the common mulberry fields such as the Drug use administration Ye Yongsang adjacent to fruit mulberry field, discarded mulberry;
Disease fruit is instituted an inquiry in each fruit mulberry races mulberry fruit annesl, and 2-3d plucks 1 disease fruit before mulberry fruit maturation, and amount is few during mulberry fruit maturation
Pluck every other day, measure more harvesting disease fruits daily;The each processing complete stool mulberry fruit grain number of record, disease fruit grain number, calculate diseased fruit rate and correction
Preventive effect, calculation formula are diseased fruit rate (%)=complete stool disease fruit grain number/complete stool mulberry fruit grain number * 100, Rectifying efficacies (%)=(control
Area's diseased fruit rate-treatment region diseased fruit rate)/check plot diseased fruit rate * 100;
The method that number of sheets preventing and treating diseases of mulberry fruits is opened using fruit mulberry observes the florescence using the substitution of leaf digit is observed, according to mulberry fruit
The circulation of sclerotiniose Infected with Pathogenic Fungi carries out 3 chemical control, i.e., carries out 1 medicament respectively when opening the number of sheets up to 4,6,8 and prevent
Control.
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Families Citing this family (7)
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CN105211095B (en) * | 2015-11-06 | 2018-03-06 | 安徽省农业科学院蚕桑研究所 | A kind of method of environmental preventing and treating sorosis sclerotiniose |
CN106212119A (en) * | 2016-07-12 | 2016-12-14 | 江西省蚕桑茶叶研究所 | A kind of method of effective prevention and control diseases of mulberry fruits |
CN106797842A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-06-06 | 河池市金城江区科学技术情报研究所 | The prevention and controls of one seed pod injurious insect of mulberry tree |
CN106804592A (en) * | 2016-11-28 | 2017-06-09 | 河池市金城江区科学技术情报研究所 | A kind of method for preventing and treating fruit mulberry sclerotiniose |
CN106929572B (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2020-08-28 | 广东省农业科学院蚕业与农产品加工研究所 | Specific primer for identifying mulberry sclerotinia sclerotiorum and method for identifying mulberry sclerotinia sclerotiorum by using specific primer |
CN109983967A (en) * | 2019-05-13 | 2019-07-09 | 湖南省蚕桑科学研究所 | A method of prevention and treatment diseases of mulberry fruits |
CN113455503B (en) * | 2021-07-06 | 2022-06-21 | 湖北省农业科学院经济作物研究所 | Medicine composition for preventing and treating mulberry sclerotinia and preventing and treating method |
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US6367193B1 (en) * | 2000-03-17 | 2002-04-09 | North Carolina State University | Method of protecting plants from cold injury |
CN102258052A (en) * | 2011-04-26 | 2011-11-30 | 西南大学 | Method for preventing and controlling diseases of mulberry fruits |
CN102907198A (en) * | 2012-11-16 | 2013-02-06 | 西南大学 | Device for preventing and treating mulberry sclerotium disease through far-infrared heating |
CN104782409A (en) * | 2015-04-01 | 2015-07-22 | 溧阳市天目湖农业发展有限公司 | Fruit and leaf mulberry variety breeding and efficient cultivation mode |
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