CN105009470A - 用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置与通信网络的数据传输装置之间传输数据的设备 - Google Patents

用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置与通信网络的数据传输装置之间传输数据的设备 Download PDF

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CN105009470A
CN105009470A CN201480010262.4A CN201480010262A CN105009470A CN 105009470 A CN105009470 A CN 105009470A CN 201480010262 A CN201480010262 A CN 201480010262A CN 105009470 A CN105009470 A CN 105009470A
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data transmission
transmission device
coupled inverters
vehicle
signal
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CN105009470B (zh
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M·凯因德尔
M·施魏格尔
C·雅恩
H·蒂劳夫
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Bayerische Motoren Werke AG
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
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    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置(10)与通信网络的数据传输装置(26)之间传输数据的设备，其中，车辆数据传输装置(10)基于具有第一信号电平的第一通信协议(HPGP)，而通信网络数据传输装置(26)基于具有第二信号电平的第二通信协议(HPAV)。所述设备包括信号匹配装置(30)，所述信号匹配装置具有至少一个第一耦合变换器(31)，所述第一耦合变换器通过相应的线圈将充电站的数据传输装置(20)与车辆的和通信网络的数据传输装置(10、26)相互耦合，其中，信号匹配装置(30)将所述第一信号电平与所述第二信号电平匹配，并且反之亦然。

Description

用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置与通信网络的数据传输装置之间传输数据的设备
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置与通信网络的数据传输装置之间传输数据的设备。
背景技术
对于电动车辆蓄能器的充电需要在车辆与充电装置之间的通信交换。在这样的通信范围中传输状态和控制值，对于技术上的充电过程需要所述状态和控制值。但同样也可以传输对于充电过程的付款/结账需要的信息。此外也可以传输增值服务、例如多媒体内容的闪速更新到车辆和从车辆传输增值服务。
考虑对于上述应用利用在车辆与充电站之间的数字通信。该数字通信可以按照ISO 15188基于电力线技术并且以术语“电力线通信”(PLC)是已知的。在ISO 15188中首先标准化了电动车辆的充电过程。除了纯技术主题、如充电过程的控制(通过例如电压、电流和持续时间的确定)之外，结账过程也是传送车辆数据的动机。除了充电过程自身之外，还谋求不同的目标方向，例如连接到家庭网，该家庭网用于因特网、视频以及网络电台并在充电阶段期间具有非常高的带宽。对于最后提及的范围，当今具有14MBd、85MBd或当前200MBd的电力线技术的产品在市场上是可购买的。计划超越200MBd。该标准此外总结为术语HomeplugAudioVideo(HPAV)。PLC技术是一种传输技术，其使用不同的调制方法例如QAM和载频方法并且可以将电线(导线L和零线N)或所有可用的导线用作传输介质。
此外，对于ISO标准ISO15118规划根据新的HomeplugGreenphy1.1(HPGP1.1)的方法。该标准由可用的Homeplug标准仅仅使用受限的特征(feature)子集和受限的带宽。对于ISO15118的传输不是在电线上、而是在自身的共同用于其他目的的信号线(控制导向CP)和保护接地(PE)上进行。信号线CP用于非常简单的充电系统并仅仅能实现以在正常情况下+/-12V的具有1kHz时钟的脉宽调制信号对充电过程进行控制。然而，该原先的信号CP对于另外的描述是不相关的。
在HPGP中仅仅使用这样的调制方法，所述调制方法对于干扰是特别鲁棒的。带宽限于10MBd。HPGP以直至1055个载波(Carrier)在1.8Mhz至30Mhz的频带中工作。标准HPGP的设计是这样的，使得Homeplug通用PLC方法可以有保障地相互通信。HPGP和HPAV便可以以最大10Mbd或者以HPGP的有保障的7％部分在由HPAB占用的电线上相互通信。
基于用于车辆的电磁兼容性调节或在不同国家的限制，在充电站与车辆之间的直接通信通过电线是不可能的。因此PLC通信在ISO15118中应用在上述控制导向(CP)信号线上。限定的回线是保护接地(PE)。除了该分离之外必要的是，非常宽地在电平上降低与车辆通信的用于ISO15118的PLC调制解调器的发送功率，以便不引起在车辆自身和环境中的电磁兼容性干扰。在此，首先车辆制造者的要求在机动车许可规程的范围中起极大的作用。因此，在充电桩中除了用于ISO15118的PLC调制解调器之外需要另一路由器或网关，该另一路由器或网关实现与因特网的通信，以便实现在车辆与因特网之间的双向通信。
具有HPGP调制解调器和包括HPAV调制解调器的逻辑耦合器的充电站至今需要两个完全的调制解调器和一个相应的逻辑装置的花费，该相应的逻辑装置用于两个调制解调器例如借助于控制运算器的信号技术耦合。由此，充电站在技术上变得昂贵和高成本。
发明内容
本发明的任务在于，提出一种用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置与通信网络的数据传输装置之间传输数据的设备，该设备在结构和/或功能上是改进的。
该任务通过按照权利要求1的特征的设备解决。有利的设计方案产生于从属权利要求。
本发明提出一种用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置与通信网络的数据传输装置之间传输数据的设备，其中，车辆数据传输装置基于具有第一信号电平的第一通信协议，而通信网络数据传输装置基于具有第二信号电平的第二通信协议。所述设备包括信号匹配装置，该信号匹配装置具有至少一个第一耦合变换器，该第一耦合变换器通过相应的线圈将充电站的数据传输装置与车辆的和通信网络的数据传输装置相互耦合，其中，该信号匹配装置将第一信号电平与第二信号电平匹配，并且反之亦然。
所述设备能实现车辆数据传输装置和通信网络数据传输装置的电平的匹配。因为为此仅仅需要功率放大器和用于电平匹配的无源部件，所以可以以简单的措施实现所述设备。除此之外，可以实现按照ISO15118的连续的信息链。车辆通信装置可以直接连接到网络上，该网络相应于通信网络数据传输装置的标准。在充电站中一个路由器或网桥以及两个调制解调器的开始所述的中间步骤不是必要的。
充电站的数据传输装置可以包括发送分支和接收分支，该发送分支和接收分支分别与第一耦合变换器的线圈耦合。第一耦合变换器可以是传统的PLC调制解调器。
车辆的数据传输装置可以直接与第一耦合变换器的线圈之一连接。第一耦合变换器因此聚集发送分支和接收分支的线路以及用于与车辆通信装置通信的线路。该设置因此相应于PLC调制解调器的标准设置。
信号匹配装置可以包括第二耦合变换器，该第二耦合变换器通过衰减装置与第一耦合变换器的线圈之一耦合，其中，通信网络的数据传输装置与第二耦合变换器的线圈耦合。由此，信号可以由通信网络数据传输装置传输给车辆通信装置，其中，信号通过信号匹配装置在其电平方面被匹配。信号可以由车辆数据传输装置传输给通信网络通信装置，其中，信号通过充电站的信号匹配装置在其电平方面被匹配。
充电站的数据传输装置的发送分支可以通过放大器与第二耦合变换器的另一线圈耦合，其中，放大器、第二耦合变换器以及衰减装置构成在充电站的数据传输装置与第一耦合变换器之间的第一信号分支，并且在充电站的数据传输装置与第二耦合变换器之间设有第二信号分支，该第二信号分支将与之通过第一信号分支反相的信号耦合输入到第一耦合变换器中。这允许补偿干扰效果。
第二电平匹配分支可以包括一放大器、第三耦合变换器以及一衰减装置，其中，相位扭转通过在第一耦合变换器的线圈之一上的耦合输入方向的扭转实现。通过耦合输入方向的扭转可以借助于180°的相位扭转在没有附加部件的情况下实现补偿。
第一和第二电平匹配分支的结构元件可以结构相同。由此能可靠地实现补偿干扰效果。
第一和第二电平匹配分支的放大器可以构成为用于在预定的频率范围中线性地放大，由此期望的电平匹配可以在从车辆数据传输装置到通信网络数据传输装置的通信时实现。
第二信号电平高于第一信号电平。这表示：基于车辆通信装置的第一通信协议的通信以相比于基于通信网络通信装置的第二通信协议的通信更小的第一信号电平实现。电平差可以位于在-10dB与-26dB之间，并且特别是为-16dB。
第一通信协议和第二通信协议可以基于电力线通信。例如，第一通信协议可以是Homeplug AV。第二通信协议可以是例如HomeplugGreen PHY。
总而言之提出，在用于与车辆通信的HPGP网络和用于与通信网络(例如因特网)通信的HPAV网络之间将信号匹配装置作为“桥”连接。通过设置多个根据HPAV标准的传统PLC调制解调器能实现不同网络的信号电平的匹配并且补偿干扰效果。为此仅仅需要功率放大器和用于电平匹配和电平补偿的无源部件。与车辆的通信可以在没有中间步骤的情况下无缝地通过根据HPAV标准的PLC调制解调器实现。对电磁兼容性的要求可以对于HPGP网络和HPAV网络分开地满足。
附图说明
在以下根据附图中的实施例进一步阐明本发明。附图示出：
图1示出一种用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置与通信网络的数据传输装置之间传输数据的传统设备的示意图；
图2示出一种按照本发明的用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置与通信网络的数据传输装置之间传输数据的设备的示意图；以及
图3示出按照本发明应用的信号匹配装置的示意图。
具体实施方式
图1示出用于在车辆的数据传输装置10(在本说明书中也称为车辆数据传输装置10)与通信网络的数据传输装置26(在本说明书中也称为通信网络数据传输装置26)之间传输数据的传统设备的示意图。在这些部件之间的通信例如在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中实现。车辆、其蓄能器以及另外的与通信网络数据传输装置26连接的部件没有示出。
车辆数据传输装置10是HPGP网络的调制解调器，而通信网络数据传输装置26是HPAV网络的调制解调器。车辆数据传输装置10按照HPGP标准借助于信号线CP(控制导向)和回线PE(保护接地)与充电站的第一数据传输装置20连接。第一数据传输装置20构成为HPGP调制解调器，由此能实现与车辆数据传输装置10的通信。通信网络数据传输装置26按照HPAV标准借助于两个电线L和N与充电站的第二数据传输装置24连接，其中，L是相线，而N是零线。第二数据传输装置24构成为HPAV调制解调器，由此能实现与通信网络数据传输装置26的通信。
按照HPGP的通信例如借助于比按照HPAV的通信小-16dB的信号电平实现。为了在至今根据图1的情况下能实现在充电桩的数据传输装置20、24之间的通信，借助于信号转换器22实现充电桩的数据传输装置20、24的逻辑耦合。信号转换器是逻辑和物理转换器，例如以网关、路由器、网桥或信号变换器的形式，该逻辑和物理转换器解码HPAV的信号并且又将其以HPGP编码为逻辑数字信号并且相应地转换。这也以从HPAV到HPGP的相反的方向通过数字中间步骤的绕道实现。信号转换器22通过线路21与数据传输装置20连接并且通过线路23与数据传输装置24连接。在图1中因此两个完全的调制解调器及其逻辑耦合器和控制器是必要的。
与此相比，按照本发明的设备避免了这样的转换，该转换导致在充电桩中两个调制解调器(数据传输装置20、24)的附加花费。图2示出按照本发明的设备的示意图，该设备包括信号匹配装置30代替充电桩的数据传输装置20、24和信号转换器22。图3示出以转发器(Repeater)形式的信号匹配装置30可能的设计方案。
如图2的示意图可得知的那样，信号匹配装置30通过线路L和N与通信网络数据传输装置26连接并且通过线路CP和PE与车辆数据传输装置26连接。充电桩的构成为HGPG调制解调器的数据传输装置20同样通过信号线CP(控制导向)和回线PE(保护接地)与信号匹配装置30连接。
如由图3得知，充电桩的数据传输装置20包括由技术决定的用于发送分支(Tx)和接收分支(Rx)的不同输出端。以HPGP调制解调器形式的数据传输装置20设计为用于也以非常低欧姆的电网作为传输介质工作。发送或者说Tx级的输出阻抗因此是低的并且在2至15欧姆的范围中。
用于发送分支(Tx)和接收分支(Rx)的这两个输出端(如在正常应用情况下那样)通过发送线路TxHP+、TxHP-和接收线路RxHP+、RxHP-与第一耦合变换器31的配置的线圈(L1)连接。第一耦合变换器31聚集线路RxHP+、RxHP-、TxHP+、TxHP-以及线路CP和PE，它们通过配置的线圈连接。线路CP、PE与车辆数据传输装置10连接。该设置相应于PLC调制解调器的标准设置。
为了由通信网络数据传输装置26的线路L、N耦合输入信号，在信号匹配装置中设有第二耦合变换器32(L2)。在接收路径中，该接收路径的特征在于从通信网络数据传输装置26到车辆数据传输装置10和20的通信，在第一与第二耦合变换器31、32之间设置有衰减装置34，该衰减装置将HPAV网的高信号电平衰减了数值“-V”到HPGP网的低信号电平。该衰减可以根据设计而在-10dB与-26dB之间。在传统设备的以上选择的实例中，该衰减为-16dB。衰减装置与第一和第二耦合变换器31、32的相应线圈连接。结果，因此以正确的电平水平在信号路径CP上提供通信网络数据传输装置26的信号可供使用。同时，该信号也在接收线路RxHP+、RxHP-上可供使用，其中数据传输装置20同样接收该信号。在HPAV以及HPGP中，地址数据被逻辑编码并且可以或者单独地(单播地)或者成组地(多路广播、广播地)被响应。这些方法在PLC方法中类似于其他基于IP的网络技术，例如以太网。
第一耦合变换器31的另一线圈与用于对称的装置35(在说明书中称为对称装置35)连接，其功能在下面进一步阐明。对称装置35包括第三耦合变换器36(L3)、放大器37以及衰减装置38。基于对称装置35的放大器37的方向作用，通信网络数据传输装置26的也耦合输入到第一耦合变换器31的该另一线圈中的信号保持在该信号分支中，然而没有另外的作用。
车辆数据传输装置10的发送路径——该发送路径的特征在于从车辆数据传输装置10到通信网络数据传输装置26的通信——通过线路CP延伸到第一耦合变换器31并且由那儿延伸到数据传输装置20的信号线RxHP、TxHP中。通过信号线TXHP以及此外通过连接在发送线路TxHP+、TxHP-与第二耦合变换器32的线圈之间的放大器33，放大信号，提高功率并且通过第二耦合变换器32也在线路L和N中供电，由此通信网络数据传输装置26可以接收信号。到线路L和N中的供电基于第二耦合变换器32与第一耦合变换器31的耦合导致：信号通过衰减装置34又馈入到线路CP中。如果通过运行时间产生显著的时间差，那么车辆数据传输装置10时间延迟地重新接收其自身的数据。这导致不期望的反馈效果，由此将大幅歪曲信号和继而通信。信号链可以在不利的情况下振动直至饱和效应。
为了阻止该效应，通过对称装置35将通过由放大器33、第二耦合变换器32和衰减装置34组成的信号支路耦合输入的信号反相耦合输入到第一耦合变换器31上。由此，信号在第一耦合变换器31中不期望的馈送通过第二耦合变换器32补偿。因此，在第一耦合变换器31的输出端、亦即线路RxHP+、RxHP-以及CP上，第二耦合变换器32的反馈作用通过衰减装置34不再起作用。
出于该目的，对称装置35的放大器37以其输入端、如放大器33与发送线路TxHP+、TxHP-连接。放大器37的输出端与第三耦合变换器36的线圈连接。为了反相耦合输入到第一耦合变换器31中，第三耦合变换器36的线圈扭转地与衰减装置38的输入端连接，该衰减装置自身又通过线圈耦合到第一耦合变换器31中。扭转以附图标记39表示。放大器37的放大相应于放大器33的放大。衰减装置38的衰减如在衰减装置38中那样是“-V”。
第三耦合变换器36、放大器37以及衰减装置38在理想情况下与耦合变换器32、放大器33以及衰减装置38结构相同并且甚至相同。作为功率驱动器应用放大器33、37，这些放大器可以线性地以相应功率放大需要的频率范围。衰减装置34和38是纯无源的并且例如可以由电阻产生。
对称装置35的180°相位扭转通过在第一耦合变换器31上耦合输入方向的扭转实现。
耦合变换器31、32、36可以相应地构成当今应用在PLC技术中的耦合变换器。在第一耦合变换器31中，关于绝缘不需要特别的要求。在耦合变换器32和36中，应遵循在必需的电网分离和绝缘方面的要求。
通过该设计方案确保：实现信号的需要的宽带的同步并且在第一耦合变换器31中可以实现信号由第二耦合变换器32消除。
因此用于ISO15118的HPGP可以应用一种方法，该方法原则上与用于因特网连接的HPAV并因此更有效率的PLC标准兼容并且可互操作并且可以实现直至10MBd的相对高的带宽。与此相对地，另一线路期望地用作电网并且存在显著减小的电平样式。然而借助于提出的电平匹配能实现双向通信，而通过两个方法的完全实现无需绕道。两个Homeplug标准HPGP和HPAV的兼容性机理用于彼此的通信。
附图标记列表：
10         车辆的数据传输装置
20         充电站的第一数据传输装置
21         线束
22         信号转换器(路由器/网桥/网关)
23         线束
24         充电站的第一数据传输装置
26         通信网络的数据传输装置(因特网)
30         信号匹配装置
31         第一耦合变换器
32         第二耦合变换器
33         放大器
34         衰减装置
35         用于对称的装置
36         第三耦合变换器
37         放大器
38         衰减装置
39         相位扭转
PE         回线
CP         信号线
L          信号线
N          回线
L1         PLC调制解调器
L2         PLC调制解调器
L3         PLC调制解调器
Rx         用于接收支路的输出端
Tx         用于发送支路的输出端
RxHP+      接收线路
RxHP-      接收线路
TxHP+      发送线路
TxHP-      发送线路

Claims (12)

1.用于在车辆的电蓄能器的充电过程范围中在车辆的数据传输装置(10)与通信网络的数据传输装置(26)之间传输数据的设备，其中，车辆数据传输装置(10)基于具有第一信号电平的第一通信协议(HPGP)，而通信网络数据传输装置(26)基于具有第二信号电平的第二通信协议(HPAV)，所述设备包括信号匹配装置(30)，所述信号匹配装置具有至少一个第一耦合变换器(31)，所述第一耦合变换器通过相应的线圈将充电站的数据传输装置(20)与所述车辆的和通信网络的数据传输装置(10、26)相互耦合，其中，所述信号匹配装置(30)将所述第一信号电平与所述第二信号电平匹配，并且反之亦然。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备，其中，所述充电站的数据传输装置(20)包括发送分支和接收分支，所述发送分支和接收分支分别与第一耦合变换器(31)的线圈耦合。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的设备，其中，所述车辆的数据传输装置(10)直接与所述第一耦合变换器(31)的线圈之一连接。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的设备，其中，所述信号匹配装置(30)包括第二耦合变换器(32)，所述第二耦合变换器通过衰减装置(34)与所述第一耦合变换器(31)的线圈之一耦合，其中，所述通信网络的数据传输装置(20)与所述第二耦合变换器(32)的线圈耦合。
5.根据权利要求4所述的设备，其中，所述充电站的数据传输装置(20)的发送分支通过放大器(33)与所述第二耦合变换器(32)的另一线圈耦合，其中，所述放大器(33)、第二耦合变换器(32)以及衰减装置(32)构成在充电站的数据传输装置(20)与第一耦合变换器(31)之间的第一信号分支，并且在所述充电站的数据传输装置(20)与第二耦合变换器(31)之间设有第二信号分支(35)，所述第二信号分支将与之通过第一信号分支反相的信号耦合输入到第一耦合变换器(31)中。
6.根据权利要求5所述的设备，其中，第二电平匹配分支包括放大器(37)、第三耦合变换器(36)以及衰减装置(38)，其中，相位扭转通过在第一耦合变换器(31)的线圈之一上的耦合输入方向的扭转实现。
7.根据权利要求5或6所述的设备，其中，所述第一和第二电平匹配分支的结构元件结构相同。
8.根据权利要求5至7之一所述的设备，其中，所述第一和第二电平匹配分支的放大器(33、37)构成为用于在预定的频率范围中线性地放大。
9.根据上述权利要求之一所述的设备，其中，所述第二信号电平高于所述第一信号电平。
10.根据上述权利要求之一所述的设备，其中，所述第一通信协议和第二通信协议基于电力线通信。
11.根据上述权利要求之一所述的设备，其中，所述第一通信协议是Homeplug AV。
12.根据上述权利要求之一所述的设备，其中，所述第二通信协议是Homeplug GreenPHY。
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