CN105006867A - Battery unit connecting circuit of energy storage system applied to high-power and high-voltage working conditions - Google Patents
Battery unit connecting circuit of energy storage system applied to high-power and high-voltage working conditions Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a battery unit connecting circuit of an energy storage system applied to high-power and high-voltage working conditions. First, single batteries are connected in series to form primary loops, and multiple primary loops are connected in parallel; and then the single batteries in each row of the primary loops are connected in parallel to form secondary loops. The primary loops are channels for power exchange between the energy storage system and the outside, and the secondary loops have multiple functions like sampling monitoring, over-current fusing hard protection, equalization and auxiliary work. The connecting resistance between the battery units of the primary loops is proportional to the connecting resistance between the battery units of the secondary loops. Both the primary loops and the secondary loops are equipped with fuses. Through the arrangement of the primary and secondary loops, the energy storage system achieves higher energy efficiency, energy storage system equalization and normal work are well combined, dynamic equilibrium between the parallel battery units is realized, the consistency under working conditions is enhanced, and the effective working time of the energy storage system at high power can be extended.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of energy-storage system, especially relate to a kind of composition structure of energy-storage system of high power high voltage applications occasion, battery unit connection line and unit monitors management method.
Background technology
Along with the progress of battery energy storage system technology, the specific energy fast lifting of its energy storage, unit cost progressively declines, add quick response that battery energy storage system itself has, the features such as convenient are set, make being applied in the high-tension operating mode of high power of battery energy storage system also become more and more extensive.
Under normal circumstances, battery energy storage system carries out connection in series-parallel combination by a large amount of cells, is built into a complete system, realizes the storage of certain scale electric energy and the function of release.In the occasion (as harbour tire formula straddle truck oil electric mixed dynamic system) of demand fulfillment high power high voltage operating mode work; because the power capability of energy-storage system demand fulfillment is very large; often be not easy to arrange too much protective device on performance loop; such as fuse; these high-power protective devices itself need consumed power, and the decline of energy-storage system reliability may be caused due to these protective device consistency difference.Further, the high voltage of energy-storage system means that the cell quantity of series connection is many, and thus its conforming problem seems particularly outstanding.If do not have good solution to realize energy-storage system in use dynamic consistency, then this energy-storage system often needs limited capacity amount or limit Power operation, is not well positioned to meet the demand of actual applying working condition.
For addressing this problem, generally that balanced management module is set in BMS (battery management system), normally used equalization methods in BMS (battery management system), adds hardware structure circuit as balanced management module, when energy-storage system needs balanced time, open balanced mode, unnecessary electricity in the cell of system high voltage appearance or high SOC is consumed, the voltage of cell and carried charge are adjusted to the target level of default, balanced object is reached with this, but it is high to there is balanced management cost in this method, the problem that equalization efficiency is low.
Summary of the invention
For defect of the prior art, the present invention aims to provide a kind of battery unit connection line that can be applied to the energy-storage system of high power high voltage operating mode.The present invention is realized by following scheme:
Energy-storage battery unit structurally adopts the secondary mode also of main string, and first n cell series connection is formed battery pack and form major loop, m props up major loop and is connected in parallel, more often will prop up the every a line cell formation in parallel minor loop between major loop.Contact resistance between described major loop battery unit and between minor loop unit the scope of the ratio of contact resistance be 1:1 ~ 1:200, be preferably 1:20 ~ 1:100.The setting of this contact resistance ratio; the realization of two class loop difference in functionalitys can be realized well; namely major loop bears energy-storage system and electric permutable path is carried out in outside, and minor loop bears the multi-functional such as energy-storage system internal rows sampling monitoring, BMS protection, overcurrent fusing hard protection, equilibrium, back work.
Total negative pole of described major loop or total positive terminal are connected the first fuse (5), be connected with the second fuse (6) and the 3rd fuse (7) between described minor loop unit, the second fuse (6) and the 3rd fuse (7) rated current are 5% ~ 20% of the first fuse rated current.The setting of this second fuse and the 3rd fuse and rated current thereof; can realize meeting the object of each battery unit of energy-storage system due to the inner automatic equalization of performance difference under normal circumstances, under abnormal conditions can be realized again, meet the requirement of energy-storage system safeguard protection and isolation fast.
Meanwhile, be the new structure feature in conjunction with energy-storage system, be also provided with the battery management unit of monitoring minor loop unit especially.The setting of this minor loop monitoring battery management unit, further enhance energy-storage system dynamic management ability, especially strengthened in the conforming monitoring of unit, thus its safety and reliability is strengthened and is ensured at all.
Compared with present technology, the present invention has following advantage:
1. energy-storage system shows higher energy efficiency.Major loop is as performance loop; bear energy-storage system and electric permutable path is carried out in outside; owing to not needing to consider the impacts such as internal parallel circulation; do not need to arrange extra protective device as FUSE yet; therefore the contact resistance of major loop and pressure drop very low; line loss in high-power operation situation is little, causes energy-storage system to show higher whole efficiency.
2. can realize efficient, fast uniform.Minor loop, as subsidiary loop, achieves the parallel connection between battery unit, thus can play the object of dynamic equalization between batteries in parallel connection unit.
3. can realize the good combination of the balanced and normal work of energy-storage system.Because major loop is separated with minor loop, thus the high-power work of energy-storage system can not be affected, on the contrary, existence due to minor loop can realize the dynamic equalization between batteries in parallel connection unit, enhance the consistency under energy-storage system operating state, the effective time of energy-storage system high-power operation can be extended.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is comparative example energy-storage system combination assumption diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 2 is embodiment of the present invention energy-storage system combination assumption diagram;
Fig. 3 a is embodiment of the present invention Ni-MH battery energy storage system electric discharge column unit voltage-time curve figure.
Fig. 3 b is comparative example Ni-MH battery energy storage system of the present invention electric discharge column unit voltage-time curve figure.
Fig. 4 is embodiment of the present invention Ni-MH battery energy storage system electric discharge row cell voltage-time plot.
Fig. 5 is embodiment of the present invention Ni-MH battery energy storage system electric discharge colleague's cell and row cell voltage-time plot.
Embodiment
embodiment 1
Below in conjunction with drawings and Examples, the present invention is described in further detail.The present embodiment adopts ni-mh D type 1.2V 6Ah battery, and the energy-storage system be made up of this model cell is described.Energy-storage system is made up of 3360 cells, and energy-storage system rated voltage is 576V, and rated energy is 24.2kWh, and this energy-storage system need meet the 200kW rated power output services ability of more than 3 minutes.
Fig. 1 illustrates the combining structure form of comparative example energy-storage system.First 480 cells 1 are together in series, and form row, and the positive pole often arranged is provided with relay 4 with total positive 2 places be connected, and the negative pole often arranged is provided with fuse 5 with total negative 3 places be connected.Then 7 same row negative poles are jointly parallel-connected to total negative 3,7 row positive poles and are jointly parallel-connected to always positive 2.BMS (battery management system) monitors voltage, the temperature, often row electric current of minimum administrative unit, calculates the SOC often arranged, implements the management to energy-storage system and control.Because energy-storage system is made up of 3360 cells, in order to reduce the cost of management, often minimum administrative unit is in series by 6 cells, and namely BMS detects voltage, the temperature, often row electric current of the minimum administrative unit be in series by 6 cells.There is following problem in the energy-storage system of this version: first because the minimum administrative unit of BMS monitoring forms by reaching 6 serial battery, its voltage characteristic is the superposition of 6 cell characteristics, due to the inconsistency of cell, the characteristic of superposition often accurately can not reflect the actual characteristic of cell, therefore uncertainty is brought to the management of energy-storage system and control, easily cause the overcharge of cell, overdischarge etc., under serious conditions, bring security risk.Secondly; the multiple factors superpositions such as the inconsistency of the inconsistency of cell intrinsic property, the inconsistency of environment for use, combination; in energy-storage system use procedure; difference between monomer often presents the trend of expansion; voltage deviation such as between cell; this species diversity acquires a certain degree, and just needs to carry out maintenance shut-downs to energy-storage system.But, because BMS can only judge the voltage deviation of minimum administrative unit that is between 6 series combination, be difficult to the voltage deviation judged between cell, so it is less to there is minimum administrative unit deviation, the situation that in fact between cell, voltage deviation is very large.What judge can accelerate the bad of energy-storage system not in time further and worsen.3rd, the inconsistency between monomer, lacks effective equalization methods to eliminate.Owing between monomer being full tandem type, each other can only by arrange come balanced, but row equilibrium may be just reverse with monomer equalization requirement, namely this be listed in equalizing charge but wherein but exist the high-tension cell of high power capacity just need discharge.4th, the maintainability of energy-storage system is poor, and spendable energy range is had a greatly reduced quality.Due to BMS can not the state of effective Feedback cell, equalization methods lacks between effective monomer, cause in energy-storage system use procedure to ensure fail safe, often reduce its available energy range, simultaneously, when energy-storage system needs to be serviced really, reliable maintaining method can not be obtained.
Fig. 2 illustrates the combining structure form of embodiment of the present invention energy-storage system.First 480 cells 1 are together in series, and form row, are called major loop, and the positive pole often arranged is provided with relay with total positive 2 places be connected, and the negative pole often arranged is provided with the first fuse 5 with total negative 3 places be connected.Then 7 same row negative poles are jointly parallel-connected to total negative 3,7 row positive poles and are jointly parallel-connected to always positive 2.Next is every a line, totally 480 row, the cell 1 of colleague carries out parallel connection by parallel conductor 8, be called minor loop, be provided with row fuse i.e. the second fuse 6 in the place that the positive pole of cell is connected with parallel conductor, the place that the negative pole of cell is connected with parallel conductor is provided with the 3rd fuse 7.
Being connected in series often between row 480 cells, in order to make energy-storage system possess the 200kW rated power output services ability of more than 3 minutes, therefore contact resistance (contact resistance shown in Fig. 2 from a to b, the i.e. R of major loop
ab) as far as possible little, the loss in loop self during to reduce work.Secondly, minor loop assume responsibility for function balanced between colleague's cell, needs the ability possessed by certain electric current, but can not be equal to the function bearing major loop, therefore, and minor loop contact resistance (contact resistance shown in Fig. 2 from c to d, i.e. R
cd) setting just very necessary (resistance of parallel conductor 8 adopts copper bar, and all-in resistance is 0.2m Ω, and be often 0.033m Ω between adjacent two row batteries, the resistance value of parallel conductor 8 is much smaller than R
cd).Between the present embodiment energy-storage system major loop cell, between contact resistance and minor loop cell, the ratio of contact resistance is 1:80 (R
ab=0.05m Ω, R
cd=4.0m Ω).The setting of this resistance ratio value; major loop can be met on the one hand and bear energy-storage system with electric permutable path is carried out in outside, also can meet minor loop and bear energy-storage system internal rows sampling monitoring, BMS protection, the overcurrent fusing multi-functional such as protection, equilibrium, back work firmly.Because minor loop resistance is apparently higher than major loop, therefore minor loop is when there is unbalanced situation in cell of going together, and can play and automatically carry out balanced effect, and between monomer, deviation is larger, portfolio effect is more obvious.
The place that the positive pole of cell is connected with parallel conductor is provided with the second fuse 6, the place that the negative pole of cell is connected with parallel conductor is provided with the 3rd fuse 7, and the second fuse 6 and the 3rd fuse 7 rated current are 5% ~ 20% of the first fuse 5 rated current.The present embodiment energy-storage system often row rated operational current is 60A, and employing rated current is first fuse 5 of 60A, and employing rated current is the second fuse 6 and the 3rd fuse 7 of 10A.Minor loop is as the balanced loop of auxiliary parallel connection; effectively can improve the consistency of energy-storage system; but; when the consistency deviation of energy-storage system exceeds the scope of permission; or there is abnormal problem such as certain row cell generation internal short-circuit; then minor loop due to arranging of this second fuse 6 and the 3rd fuse 7 can isolated fault fast, the fail safe of protection energy-storage system.This mode, be different from the main paralleling model generally adopted, if main paralleling model needs to carry out the safeguard protection in abnormal failure situation, shunt circuit arranges fuse or other protective devices, but this can increase power consumption and the pressure drop of whole major loop, reduce system effectiveness; On the contrary, if main paralleling model does not arrange protective device, directly carry out the parallel connection between cell, then there is greater risk in the fail safe of whole energy-storage system.
The BMS of the embodiment of the present invention is provided with monitoring minor loop and namely goes together the administrative unit of cell in parallel, that is compared with comparative example, the voltage of every a line that what BMS of the present invention (battery management system) monitored is, the electric current of each row, the temperature of minimum temperature administrative unit, calculate the SOC often arranged, implement the management to energy-storage system and control.Because the capable unit of minor loop carries out auxiliary being formed in parallel by cell, under shelving state, the voltage of each cell is consistent, under operating state (i.e. energy-storage system charge or discharge) due to colleague cell between consistency deviation carry out dynamic equilibrium via the minor loop moment, the voltage therefore between each cell is also basically identical.So each row voltage that BMS detects, can react the virtual condition of this row cell very well, effectively can avoid the generation of the situation such as overcharge, overdischarge.Meanwhile, the maintainability of energy-storage system is also fundamentally improved.
Fig. 3 a illustrates embodiment of the present invention energy-storage system in 42A constant-current discharge process, the voltage-time curve figure of the minimum administrative unit (rear title 7.2V unit) of each 6 cells formation of 4 close row of extraction.As seen from Figure 3, in energy storage system discharges process, 7.2V unit shows good consistency, this is because the existence of minor loop can carry out equilibrium to the cell of colleague, each row colleague cell voltage deviation is very little, final result is that the voltage consistency of 4 7.2V unit also shows well, and voltage deviation is 30mV to the maximum.Be 42A constant-current discharge under contrasting equal discharging current condition, that Fig. 3 b shows is the close voltage-time curve figure arranging 7.2V unit of comparative example these 4, and the voltage consistency of 4 7.2V unit is poor, and voltage deviation is 130mV to the maximum, exceeds 3 times of embodiment.
Fig. 4 shows that the invention process row energy-storage system is in 42A constant-current discharge process, the voltage-time curve figure of the unit (rear title 1.2V unit) of 12 close row of extraction.As seen from Figure 4, in energy storage system discharges process, 1.2V unit does not show good consistency, this is because each row battery often also exists on inconsistency such as capacity, the existence of minor loop achieves the equilibrium between colleague's cell, but the difference between row and row can not reduce.Therefore, the voltage difference being embodied in each row unit in discharge process is very large, if the protecting control not using row cell voltage as electric discharge, then there is the situation of overdischarge, the 11st row unit of such as, monitoring in Fig. 4 exists serious overdischarge phenomenon.For verifying the authenticity of the 11st row cell voltage, namely can this row voltage represent 7 cells of this row, and monitor each monomer battery voltage of this row, Fig. 5 illustrates the voltage-time curve of contrast.As seen from Figure 5, this row cell voltage is overlapping with the voltage of 7 cells good, can represent the actual state of this row cell.
Therefore, comprehensive above Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig. 4, Fig. 5, the technical scheme that the embodiment of the present invention adopts is: energy-storage system structurally adopts main string auxiliary and mode, and namely main body adopts cascaded structure, be called major loop, major loop bears energy-storage system and electric permutable path is carried out in outside; Meanwhile, be also provided with parallel-connection structure, be called minor loop or subsidiary loop, minor loop bears the multi-functional such as energy-storage system internal rows sampling monitoring, BMS protection, overcurrent fusing hard protection, equilibrium, back work.
Between main loop unit between contact resistance and minor loop unit the ratio of contact resistance between 1:20 ~ 1:100.The setting of this contact resistance ratio; the realization of two class loop difference in functionalitys can be realized well; namely major loop bears energy-storage system and electric permutable path is carried out in outside, and minor loop bears the multi-functional such as energy-storage system internal rows sampling monitoring, BMS protection, overcurrent fusing hard protection, equilibrium, back work.
Be connected with second and the 3rd fuse between minor loop unit, the second fuse and the 3rd fuse rated current are 5% ~ 20% of the first fuse rated current.This is second and the 3rd setting of fuse and rated current thereof years old; can realize meeting the object of each battery unit of energy-storage system due to the inner automatic equalization of performance difference under normal circumstances, under abnormal conditions can be realized again, meet the requirement of energy-storage system safeguard protection and isolation fast.
Meanwhile, be the new structure feature in conjunction with energy-storage system, be also provided with the battery management unit of monitoring minor loop unit especially.The setting of this minor loop monitoring battery management unit, further enhance energy-storage system dynamic management ability, especially strengthened in the conforming monitoring of unit, thus its safety and reliability is strengthened and is ensured at all.
Compared with prior art, Ni-MH battery energy storage system of the present invention has following advantage:
(1) energy-storage system shows higher energy efficiency.Major loop is as performance loop; bear energy-storage system and electric permutable path is carried out in outside; owing to not needing to consider the impacts such as internal parallel circulation; do not need to arrange extra protective device as FUSE yet; therefore the contact resistance of major loop and pressure drop very low; line loss in high-power operation situation is little, causes energy-storage system to show higher whole efficiency.
(2) efficient, fast uniform can be realized.Minor loop, as subsidiary loop, achieves the parallel connection between battery unit, thus can play the object of dynamic equalization between batteries in parallel connection unit.
(3) good combination of the balanced and normal work of energy-storage system can be realized.Because major loop is separated with minor loop, thus the high-power work of energy-storage system can not be affected, on the contrary, existence due to minor loop can realize the dynamic equalization between batteries in parallel connection unit, enhance the consistency under energy-storage system operating state, the effective time of energy-storage system high-power operation can be extended.
Although the present invention is described for Ni-MH battery energy storage system, the energy-storage system that the rechargeable battery systems such as lithium ion battery, nickel-cadmium cell, lead-acid battery that are equally applicable to are formed or energy module.
The above is only preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvement and modification, these improve and modify and also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. be applied to the battery unit connection line of the energy-storage system of high power high voltage operating mode, form m by n cell series connection and prop up major loop, m props up major loop formation energy-storage battery unit in parallel again, it is characterized in that: the every a line cell parallel connection will often propped up between major loop forms minor loop, the contact resistance between described major loop battery unit and between minor loop unit the scope of the ratio of contact resistance be 1:1 ~ 1:200.
2. be applied to the battery unit connection line of the energy-storage system of high power high voltage operating mode as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that: the contact resistance between described major loop battery unit and between minor loop unit contact resistance ratio range preferably from 1:20 ~ 1:100.
3. be applied to the battery unit connection line of the energy-storage system of high power high voltage operating mode as claimed in claim 1 or 2, it is characterized in that: total negative pole of described major loop or total positive terminal are connected the first fuse (5), are connected with the second fuse (6) and the 3rd fuse (7) between described minor loop unit.
4. be applied to the battery unit connection line of the energy-storage system of high power high voltage operating mode as claimed in claim 3, it is characterized in that: the rated current of described second fuse (6) and the 3rd fuse (7) is 5% ~ 20% of the first fuse (5) rated current.
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| CN108376806A (en) * | 2018-02-05 | 2018-08-07 | 孙庆 | A kind of low cost solves the protection system of current-carrying hidden danger on cell parallel circuit |
| WO2019014864A1 (en) * | 2017-07-19 | 2019-01-24 | 深圳市强能电气有限公司 | Battery pack equalization method and apparatus, and battery pack |
| CN113036317A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-25 | 阳光电源股份有限公司 | Battery cluster and energy storage system |
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