CN105001986A - Removing technology of aflatoxin in corn oil - Google Patents
Removing technology of aflatoxin in corn oil Download PDFInfo
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- CN105001986A CN105001986A CN201510507864.7A CN201510507864A CN105001986A CN 105001986 A CN105001986 A CN 105001986A CN 201510507864 A CN201510507864 A CN 201510507864A CN 105001986 A CN105001986 A CN 105001986A
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Abstract
The invention relates to a removing technology of aflatoxin in corn oil, and belongs to the technical field of oil processing. The removing technology comprises the following steps: selecting and storing corn germs; treating the selected corn germs to obtain crude oil; sequentially carrying out alkali refining, dewaxing, decoloration and deodorization on the crude oil, as so to finally obtain the finished product, namely, corn oil, wherein a compound adsorbing agent is adopted during decoloration; the compound adsorbing agent is a mixture of activated clay, attapulgite and activated carbon. According to the removing technology, aflatoxin removal and the whole corn oil producing process are organically combined, so that the aflatoxin content in the corn oil is decreased, and substances and procedure devices are not externally added; the removing technology is environment-friendly and safe; the original nutritional components in the corn oil are maximumly reserved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the removing process of aflatoxin in a kind of Semen Maydis oil, belong to grease processing technology field.
Background technology
Aflatoxin is the carcinogens produced by a series of mould metabolism, main pollution oil and foodstuffs, animals and plants food etc., as peanut, corn, rice, wheat, beans, nuts, meat, milk and milk products, fishery products etc. all may have aflatoxin contamination, wherein pollute the most serious with peanut and corn.Aflatoxin B1, B2 are blue under UV-irradiation, and G1, G2 are green fluorescence.Within 1993, aflatoxin is regarded as a class carcinogens by World Health Organization's Agency for Research on Cancer, especially with aflatoxin B1 toxicity and carinogenicity the strongest.
The liver organization of aflatoxin major determinant people and animal, shows as liver cell nuclear swelling, steatosis, hemorrhage, downright bad and epithelial duct, proliferation of fibrous tissue, liver cancer can be caused time serious even dead, and kidney also can be undermined simultaneously.Aflatoxin also can reduce immunological competence, can bring out the tumour of multiple cancer as positions such as cancer of the stomach, kidney, the rectum cancer, mammary cancer, ovary and small intestines.
Maize is nutritious, and moisture content is higher, and without concerned countries standard, storage and transport process very easily goes mouldy, and makes the increased risk of aflatoxin contamination.China's corn yield 2.18 hundred million tons in 2013, along with the increase of industrial corn amount, maize output increased.Semen Maydis oil output 1,880,000 tons in 2014, increases nearly 10 times before compared with 10 years.Semen Maydis oil has become the very large edible oil kind of one, China.Therefore the aflatoxin content reduced in Semen Maydis oil is to greatest extent most important.
The domestic and international strick precaution to aflatoxin at present and removal technical study have a lot:
1. WATER-WASHING METHOD
Aflatoxin is water insoluble and to thermally-stabilised, conventional method pulverizes washing poison removing method.Utilize the embryo portions such as corn and endosperm embryo portion difference of specific gravity in water exactly, rear natant embryo portion or epidermis removing will be pulverized, thus reach the object of removal wherein most of toxin.The corn higher to toxic amount, then should pulverize the washing of rear repeated precipitation, this method is applicable to promote in peasant household and middle-size and small-size plant.
2. ammonia fumigation and steaming method
This method utilizes plastics film to seal corn, feed etc. to be sealed for some time by after the material of fungal infection then ammonification, deshydroxy is there is after ammonia is combined with aflatoxin, cause aflatoxin lactonic ring generation cracking, result loses fluorescence and lactonic ring feature, and its toxicity also disappears thereupon and reaches detoxification effect.
3. absorption method
Phillips etc. report and use coupling to have the diatomite selective absorbing aflatoxin of chemical aglucon and carry out the method for chemistry removing toxic substances further.Domestic also have relevant report to do the aflatoxin in sorbent material removing peanut oil with diatomite.
4. chemical method
Some chemicals such as hypochlorous acid, hydrogen peroxide etc. also have certain effect to removal aflatoxin, Mukendi reports and uses sodium bisulfite, sodium hydroxide, ammonia, clorox and hydrogen peroxide to the research of aflatoxin detoxification effect, and has made report to the various factors affecting these compounds.Separately there are the operative condition to flavus such as report sodium bicarbonate, chlorine, calcium hydroxide, formaldehyde.In general chemical detoxification method effect is better, but has certain corrodibility.
Comprehensive above method cuts both ways, but also carries out to aflatoxin the technique that essence removes less than in refining of maize oil process.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide the removing process of aflatoxin in a kind of Semen Maydis oil, removing of aflatoxin combines with whole Semen Maydis oil production process by it, reduce the content of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil, without the need to extra substance or set up processing apparatus, Environmental Safety, and remain original nutritive ingredient in Semen Maydis oil to greatest extent.
The removing process of aflatoxin in described Semen Maydis oil, comprises the following steps: select maize germ and store; Process is carried out to selected plumule and obtains crude oil; Successively alkali refining, dewaxing, decolouring and deodorization are carried out to crude oil, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil; Adopt compound adsorbent during decolouring, described compound adsorbent is the mixture of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac.
Select moisture to be the plumule of 3-9%, storage condition humidity is 40-80%, and storage condition temperature is 20-30 DEG C.Adopting above condition, is to select excellent raw material, keeps good preservation environment, avoids corn to go mouldy, source prevents the generation of aflatoxin as much as possible.
Described be treated to squeezing, leach or carry out squeezing and leaching simultaneously.
During described alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is the 0.1%-0.4% of crude oil weight, and concentration of lye is 10-16 ° of B é.
Described alkali refining temperature is 55-100 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 20-80min.Add 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 0.1%-1% after alkali refining and carry out acid-respons.
The dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature is adopted during described dewaxing.
During described decolouring, the interpolation weight of compound adsorbent is the 1%-5% of pressed oil weight, and preferably, gac accounts for the 0.4-0.8 ‰ of pressed oil weight, and carclazyte accounts for the 20-30 ‰ of pressed oil weight, and attapulgite accounts for the 3-7 ‰ of pressed oil weight.Not only remove color during decolouring, the thing of a part of aflatoxin, impurity and band peculiar smell can also be adsorbed.
Described atlapulgite is polar adsorbent, is usually used in adsorb polar impurity; Gac is non-polar absorbent, is usually used in adsorbing non polar impurities; The adsorption effect of attapulgite is far below gac and atlapulgite, but more than cost ratio two kinds of sorbent materials are cheap.Because grease Semi-polarity and non polar impurities all exist, and the taste gac of atlapulgite just can be removed.Therefore triplicity rises and is used as compound adsorbent by the present invention, overcomes the drawback of single adsorption agent, not only increases decolorizing efficiency, and reduces decolouring cost.
Described bleaching time 15-45min, bleaching temperature 90-120 DEG C.
Adopt two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization during described deodorization, can not only stink being removed, when vacuumizing, aflatoxin can also be removed a part.
Described deodorization temperature is 200-270 DEG C, and deodorization time is 60-140min.
Conventional refining of maize oil technique is crude oil-alkali refining-decolouring-dewaxing-deodorization, and technique of the present invention is crude oil-alkali refining-dewaxing-decolouring-deodorization, dewaxing is transferred to before decolouring, and the look problem of returning of Semen Maydis oil is alleviated to a great extent.
The present invention by aflatoxin in research refining of maize oil process each process segment changing conditions and study technical parameter and the equipment of each step, particularly by the creative research to processing parameter in plumule condition of storage, crude oil alkali refining step, decolorization process and deodorising step, draw the removing process of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil.
Aflatoxin is removed and is rationally incorporated in refining of maize oil process by the present invention, removing of aflatoxin is combined with whole Semen Maydis oil production process, do not affect again whole Semen Maydis oil to produce, reduce the content of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil, aflatoxin content≤20ug/kg in Semen Maydis oil, indices all meets national standard simultaneously.The present invention is without the need to extra substance or set up processing apparatus, Environmental Safety, and remains original nutritive ingredient in Semen Maydis oil to greatest extent, and removing of toxin makes Semen Maydis oil more healthy and safe.
Compared with prior art, the present invention has following beneficial effect:
(1) by suitable adjusting process step, the look problem of returning of Semen Maydis oil is alleviated to a great extent;
(2) removing of aflatoxin is combined with whole Semen Maydis oil production process, reduce the content of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil, the aflatoxin content≤20ug/kg in Semen Maydis oil;
(3) Environmental Safety, and remain original nutritive ingredient in Semen Maydis oil to greatest extent.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated, but it does not limit enforcement of the present invention.
Embodiment 1
In described Semen Maydis oil, the removing process of aflatoxin comprises following step: carry out appropriate selection and storage to maize germ, and select plumule moisture to be 7%, storage condition humidity is 75%, and temperature is 25 DEG C; Squeezing is carried out to selected plumule and obtains crude oil; In crude oil, add excess alkali lye carry out alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is 0.2% of crude oil weight, and concentration of lye is 12 ° of B é, and alkali refining temperature is 65 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 30min, adds 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 0.5% afterwards and carries out acid-respons; Alkali refining oil after alkali refining carries out the dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature; The compound adsorbent of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac composition is adopted to carry out adsorption bleaching to pressed oil, compound adsorbent add weight be pressed oil weight 3% (gac accounts for 0.4 ‰ of pressed oil weight, carclazyte accounts for 26.6 ‰ of pressed oil weight, and attapulgite accounts for 3 ‰ of pressed oil weight.), bleaching time is 20min, and bleaching temperature is 95 DEG C; Carry out two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization to bleached oil, deodorization temperature is 230 DEG C, and deodorization time is 80min, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil.
Aflatoxin content in the finished product Semen Maydis oil that described in embodiment 1, technique obtains is adopted to be 15ug/kg.
Embodiment 2
In described Semen Maydis oil, the removing process of aflatoxin comprises following step: carry out appropriate selection and storage to maize germ, and select plumule moisture to be 7%, storage condition humidity is 75%, and temperature is 25 DEG C; Leaching is carried out to selected plumule and obtains crude oil; In crude oil, add excess alkali lye carry out alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is 0.4% of crude oil weight, and concentration of lye is 10 ° of B é, and alkali refining temperature is 55 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 20min, adds 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 0.1% afterwards and carries out acid-respons; Alkali refining oil after alkali refining carries out the dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature; Adopt the compound adsorbent of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac composition to carry out adsorption bleaching to pressed oil, it is 1% of pressed oil weight that compound adsorbent adds weight, and bleaching time is 15min, and bleaching temperature is 90 DEG C; Carry out two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization to bleached oil, deodorization temperature is 270 DEG C, and deodorization time is 140min, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil.
Aflatoxin content in the finished product Semen Maydis oil that described in embodiment 2, technique obtains is adopted to be 2ug/kg.
Embodiment 3
In described Semen Maydis oil, the removing process of aflatoxin comprises following step: carry out appropriate selection and storage to maize germ, and select plumule moisture to be 7%, storage condition humidity is 75%, and temperature is 25 DEG C; Selected plumule to be squeezed and leaching obtains crude oil; In crude oil, add excess alkali lye carry out alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is 0.1% of crude oil weight, and concentration of lye is 16 ° of B é, and alkali refining temperature is 100 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 80min, adds 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 1% afterwards and carries out acid-respons; Alkali refining oil after alkali refining carries out the dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature; Adopt the compound adsorbent of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac composition to carry out adsorption bleaching to pressed oil, it is 5% of pressed oil weight that compound adsorbent adds weight, and bleaching time is 45min, and bleaching temperature is 120 DEG C; Carry out two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization to bleached oil, deodorization temperature is 200 DEG C, and deodorization time is 60min, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil.
Aflatoxin content in the finished product Semen Maydis oil that described in embodiment 3, technique obtains is adopted to be 10ug/kg.
Embodiment 4
In described Semen Maydis oil, the removing process of aflatoxin comprises following step: carry out appropriate selection and storage to maize germ, and select plumule moisture to be 3%, storage condition humidity is 40%, and temperature is 20 DEG C; Squeezing is carried out to selected plumule and obtains crude oil; In crude oil, add excess alkali lye carry out alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is 0.2% of crude oil weight, and concentration of lye is 16 ° of B é, and alkali refining temperature is 85 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 60min, adds 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 1% afterwards and carries out acid-respons; Alkali refining oil after alkali refining carries out the dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature; Adopt the compound adsorbent of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac composition to carry out adsorption bleaching to pressed oil, it is 5% of pressed oil weight that compound adsorbent adds weight, and bleaching time is 45min, and bleaching temperature is 120 DEG C; Carry out two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization to bleached oil, deodorization temperature is 270 DEG C, and deodorization time is 100min, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil.
Aflatoxin content in the finished product Semen Maydis oil that described in embodiment 4, technique obtains is adopted to be 8ug/kg.
Embodiment 5
In described Semen Maydis oil, the removing process of aflatoxin comprises following step: carry out appropriate selection and storage to maize germ, and select plumule moisture to be 9%, storage condition humidity is 80%, and temperature is 30 DEG C; Squeezing is carried out to selected plumule and obtains crude oil; In crude oil, add excess alkali lye carry out alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is 0.2% of crude oil weight, and concentration of lye is 16 ° of B é, and alkali refining temperature is 85 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 60min, adds 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 1% afterwards and carries out acid-respons; Alkali refining oil after alkali refining carries out the dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature; Adopt the compound adsorbent of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac composition to carry out adsorption bleaching to pressed oil, it is 5% of pressed oil weight that compound adsorbent adds weight, and bleaching time is 45min, and bleaching temperature is 120 DEG C; Carry out two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization to bleached oil, deodorization temperature is 270 DEG C, and deodorization time is 100min, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil.
Aflatoxin content in the finished product Semen Maydis oil that described in embodiment 5, technique obtains is adopted to be 12ug/kg.
Comparative example 1
In described Semen Maydis oil, the removing process of aflatoxin comprises following step: carry out appropriate selection and storage to maize germ, and select plumule moisture to be 7%, storage condition humidity is 75%, and temperature is 25 DEG C; Squeezing is carried out to selected plumule and obtains crude oil; In crude oil, add excess alkali lye carry out alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is 0.05% of crude oil weight, and concentration of lye is 8 ° of B é, and alkali refining temperature is 50 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 18min, adds 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 0.05% afterwards and carries out acid-respons; Alkali refining oil after alkali refining carries out the dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature; Adopt the compound adsorbent of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac composition to carry out adsorption bleaching to pressed oil, it is 0.5% of pressed oil weight that compound adsorbent adds weight, and bleaching time is 13min, and bleaching temperature is 85 DEG C; Carry out two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization to bleached oil, deodorization temperature is 195 DEG C, and deodorization time is 55min, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil.
Aflatoxin content in the finished product Semen Maydis oil that described in comparative example 1, technique obtains is adopted to be 72.23ug/kg.
Comparative example 2
In described Semen Maydis oil, the removing process of aflatoxin comprises following step: carry out appropriate selection and storage to maize germ, and select plumule moisture to be 7%, storage condition humidity is 75%, and temperature is 25 DEG C; Squeezing is carried out to selected plumule and obtains crude oil; In crude oil, add excess alkali lye carry out alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is 0.5% of crude oil weight, and concentration of lye is 18 ° of B é, and alkali refining temperature is 110 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 90min, adds 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 1.3% afterwards and carries out acid-respons; Alkali refining oil after alkali refining carries out the dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature; Adopt the compound adsorbent of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac composition to carry out adsorption bleaching to pressed oil, it is 6% of pressed oil weight that compound adsorbent adds weight, and bleaching time is 50min, and bleaching temperature is 125 DEG C; Carry out two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization to bleached oil, deodorization temperature is 275 DEG C, and deodorization time is 145min, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil.
Aflatoxin content in the finished product Semen Maydis oil that described in comparative example 2, technique obtains is adopted to be 55.38ug/kg.
Can be drawn by above data, in the finished product Semen Maydis oil adopting technique of the present invention obtained, aflatoxin content is extremely low, and aflatoxin content is very high in the finished product Semen Maydis oil adopting the technique described in comparative example 1-2 obtained, there is food safety hidden danger.
Claims (10)
1. the removing process of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil, is characterized in that comprising the following steps: select maize germ and store; Process is carried out to selected plumule and obtains crude oil; Successively alkali refining, dewaxing, decolouring and deodorization are carried out to crude oil, finally obtains finished product Semen Maydis oil; Adopt compound adsorbent during decolouring, described compound adsorbent is the mixture of atlapulgite, attapulgite and gac.
2. the removing process of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: select moisture to be the plumule of 3-9%, storage condition humidity is 40-80%, and storage condition temperature is 20-30 DEG C.
3. the removing process of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described in be treated to squeezing, leach or carry out squeezing and leaching simultaneously.
4. the removing process of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: during alkali refining, the interpolation weight of alkali lye is the 0.1%-0.4% of crude oil weight, concentration of lye is 10-16 ° of B é; Alkali refining temperature is 55-100 DEG C, and the alkali refining time is 20-80min.
5. the removing process of aflatoxin in the Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1 or 4, is characterized in that: add 85% phosphoric acid accounting for crude oil weight 0.1%-1% after alkali refining and carry out acid-respons.
6. the removing process of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt the dewaxing of Total continuity method normal temperature during dewaxing.
7. the removing process of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: during decolouring, the interpolation weight of compound adsorbent is the 1%-5% of pressed oil weight.
8. the removing process of aflatoxin in the Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1 or 7, is characterized in that: bleaching time 15-45min, bleaching temperature 90-120 DEG C.
9. the removing process of aflatoxin in Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1, is characterized in that: adopt two warm double tower stepwise process deodorization during deodorization.
10. the removing process of aflatoxin in the Semen Maydis oil according to claim 1 or 9, is characterized in that: deodorization temperature is 200-270 DEG C, and deodorization time is 60-140min.
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Cited By (12)
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CN107008226A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-08-04 | 山东玉皇粮油食品有限公司 | The removal technique of aflatoxins and BaP in peanut oil |
CN107083270A (en) * | 2017-04-07 | 2017-08-22 | 山东三星玉米产业科技有限公司 | The removal methods of mycotoxin in corn oil production process |
CN107469790A (en) * | 2017-09-07 | 2017-12-15 | 广州尊卓环保科技有限公司 | Remove filter medium, filter core and the preparation method of aflatoxin in edible oil |
CN109554221A (en) * | 2017-09-27 | 2019-04-02 | 广西南宁胜祺安科技开发有限公司 | A method of utilizing ultraviolet-magnesium silicate gel column joint removing aflatoxin |
CN109907209A (en) * | 2019-03-20 | 2019-06-21 | 盱眙大地运输有限公司 | Aflatoxin removal methods in a kind of corn |
CN109953130A (en) * | 2017-12-14 | 2019-07-02 | 丰益(上海)生物技术研发中心有限公司 | A kind of heavy fragrant peanut oil product of low pollution object content and preparation method thereof |
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CN110122602A (en) * | 2019-05-14 | 2019-08-16 | 张玲 | A method of aflatoxin in removing cyperue esculentus edible oil |
CN113773906A (en) * | 2021-09-29 | 2021-12-10 | 山东三星玉米产业科技有限公司 | Safe, nutritional, energy-saving and low-consumption corn oil production process |
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