CN104997761B - 一种帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法,步骤如下:根据实验大鼠的脑立体定位图谱或/和核磁共振成像数据获得大鼠MFB的位点,位点坐标为:前囟后1.72mm,中线旁开2.13mm,在颅骨表面下8.5mm和8.7mm处各注射1‑2μl的6‑OHDA;造模后连续四周对造模动物注射盐酸阿朴吗啡进行旋转实验检测,向健侧旋转且圈数大于7r/min的,视为造模成功,如果旋转方向不对或转数不够则视为造模失败。本发明选取MFB相对较粗的部位注射给药,6‑OHDA通过多巴胺神经元轴突逆行性损毁黑质多巴胺神经元,造模成功率高,在造模后一周即可出现84%的成功率,第二周即达到92%;而目前报道的选择其他位点造模多数需要第4周才会成功,而且造模成功率一般都低于80%。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物学领域,具体的,本发明涉及一种帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法及其应用。
背景技术
帕金森病(Parkinson Disease,PD)是继阿尔茨海默病后最常见的以中脑黑质致密部DA神经元的变性、缺失为主要病理学改变的神经退行性疾病,在65-69岁的老年人群中发病率约占0.5%-1%,在80岁以上的老年人中发病率能达到1%-3%。虽然近些年来,随着对帕金森病研究的深入,已有一些治疗方法能够减轻疾病的某些症状,但是都达不到彻底治愈的目的,因此,更深入的研究PD的发病机制和治疗方法很有必要,而稳定高效的动物模型是深入研究该疾病的前提。
目前较为公认的建立PD模型的方法主要有两种:一种是应用6-羟基多巴胺(6-OHDA)注入黑质纹状体系统来损毁大鼠黑质-纹状体系统DA能神经元所制成的模型;另一种是运用MPTP制备猴等灵长类动物模型和C57B小鼠PD模型,因为大鼠相对灵长类成本低,样本数量不受限制;又比小鼠体积大、相对容易定位,所以很多学者选择注射6-OHDA于大鼠脑内建立PD动物模型。
6-OHDA与多巴胺受体只差一个羟基,可形成自由基,是一种神经毒素,能够抑制线粒体氧化呼吸链复合物I并激活caspase而启动了细胞凋亡过程,从而选择性的损毁DA能神经元。DA能神经元投射有两条通路:即黑质-纹状体通路和新边缘系统通路,前者是黑质与纹状体相连接,后者是中脑腹侧背盖区与纹状体相联系。已往很多报道选择通路中的黑质致密部、内侧前脑束、纹状体、中脑腹侧背盖区的一个或两个位点进行PD造模,但由于黑质致密部、内侧前脑束、纹状体和中脑腹侧背盖区的不同位点的选择对PD造模的成功率影响很大,目前已报道的PD造模成功率多在80%以下,严重制约了对PD发病机制和治疗方法的研究。
发明内容
针对上述现有技术,本发明的目的是提供一种帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法,采用本发明的制备方法,造模一周的成功率可达84%以上,造模两周的成功率在92%以上,具有造模成功率高,造模时间短等优点。
为实现上述目的,本发明采用下述技术方案:
一种帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
根据实验大鼠的脑立体定位图谱或/和核磁共振成像数据获得大鼠内侧前脑束(MFB)的位点,位点坐标为:前囟后1.72mm,中线旁开2.13mm,在颅骨表面下8.5mm和8.7mm处各注射1-2μl的6-OHDA;
造模后连续四周对造模动物注射盐酸阿朴吗啡(0.5mg/kg)进行旋转实验检测,向健侧旋转且圈数大于7r/min(210r/30min)的,视为造模成功,如果旋转方向不对或转数不够则视为造模失败。
优选的,注射6-OHDA的进针速度为1mm/min,注药速度1μl/min,注射完成后留针10min。
优选的,6-OHDA的注射量均为1.5μl。
本发明选取的药物注射位点为纤维束最粗的部位,范围较大,相对易于定位,而应用立体定向仪颅内注射6-OHDA是一种方法简便,较为成熟,具有很高重复性的PD模型制作方法,按本发明的造模方法,由多名操作人员进行造模,造模结果无明显差异,说明本发明的造模方法具有可再现性。
本发明的帕金森病大鼠模型可用于构建帕金森病治疗药物的筛选系统。与现有的帕金森病大鼠模型相比,本发明所用MFB是黑质致密部的DA能神经元轴突进入纹状体尾壳核的必经之路,通过在此处给药能够使药物直接作用该部位的DA能神经元轴突,从而确保药物沿DA神经元轴突逆行损伤黑质致密部的多巴胺神经元,达到快速造模成功的效果,提高了造模成功率,降低了药物筛选的成本;而且本发明构建的帕金森大鼠模型其运动迟缓、肌僵直和静止性震颤等运动功能损伤的症状与人类帕金森病更为相似,更有利于帕金森病治疗药物的筛选和研究。
本发明的有益效果:
(1)本发明选取MFB部位注射给药,6-OHDA通过多巴胺神经元轴突逆行性损毁黑质多巴胺神经元,造模成功率高,在造模后一周即可出现84%的成功率,第二周即达到92%;而目前报道的选择其他位点造模多数需要第4周才会成功,而且造模成功率一般都低于80%。
(2)本发明选取的药物注射位点是纤维束最粗的部位,垂直距离较其他核团大,在所选位置两个深度各给半量的6-OHDA,黑质的所有多巴胺神经元轴突都经过此位置,大大增加了药物的作用范围,从而更加保证了造模具有较高的成功率。而且注射位点只有一个,较目前常用的双位点法操作简单,对大鼠的伤害小。
附图说明
图1为阿朴吗啡检测造模成功大鼠向左旋转图;
图2为造模大鼠黑质致密部免疫组化染色切片;A、B分别为大鼠正常侧和损伤侧黑质致密部多巴胺神经元,(40X)标尺=500μm;C、D分别为大鼠正常侧和损伤侧黑质致密部多巴胺神经元,(400X)标尺=50μm。
具体实施方式
结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明,应该说明的是,下述说明仅是为了解释本发明,并不对其内容进行限定。
实施例1:帕金森病大鼠模型的制备
4%水合氯醛(400mg/kg)腹腔注射麻醉大鼠后,将大鼠头固定于脑立体定位仪上,剪掉颅顶毛发后常规消毒后,沿正中线切开颅顶皮肤,暴露前、后囟,参照Paxinos G等主编的《The Rat Brain in Stereotatic Coordinates》第六版脑立体定位图谱确定靶点坐标,用颅骨钻钻孔,将配好的6-OHDA盐溶液3ul注射到MFB的位点,坐标为:前囟后1.72mm,中线旁开2.13mm,在颅骨表面下8.5mm和8.7mm处各注射1.5ul的6-OHDA,微量进样器以1mm/min的速度缓慢进针,注药速度1ul/min,注射完成后留针10min。连续3天腹腔注射8万单位青霉素以预防感染。术后连续四周分别对两组实验动物注射盐酸阿朴吗啡(0.5mg/kg)进行旋转实验检测,向健侧旋转且圈数大于7r/min(210r/30min)的,视为造模成功,如果旋转方向不对或转数不够则视为造模失败。
结果:注射阿朴吗啡后,造模成功大鼠均出现以损伤侧对侧后肢为支点向该侧旋转现象(结果见图1),首尾相接,部分大鼠伴有震颤、活动迟缓、竖毛、探嗅、翘尾、咀嚼、易激惹等行为学改变,大鼠术后第一周转数13.24+2.07r成功率84%,第二、三、四周转数分别为14.7+3.53r、14.81+4.96r、15.99+4.87r,成功率均为92%,无大鼠死亡。
实施例2:
将实施例1中造模后4周成功的大鼠用水合氯醛过量麻醉,打开胸腔,将灌流针由左心室插入主动脉进行灌流,首先灌入0.01M的PBS溶液250ml冲出体内的血液,再灌入4%多聚甲醛溶液250ml进行组织固定。灌流结束后,用骨钳将颅骨咬碎剥离出脑组织,将脑组织放入相同的固定液中继续固定24h小时后,放入30%蔗糖溶液中脱水直至脑组织沉底后,取出于冰冻切片机内冷冻切取黑质脑片,片厚25um,每隔4张取一张,将脑片用PBS清洗后用3%H2O2甲醇溶液作用30分钟,再用羊血清封闭过夜,加入兔抗酪氨酸羟化酶抗体孵育3h,再加入辣根过氧化酶标记的山羊抗兔二抗孵育2h,PBS清洗后用DAB试剂盒染色3—4min,贴片于载玻片上,经酒精梯度脱水和二甲苯透明后封片并于显微镜下观察黑质致密部多巴胺神经元的损毁情况。结果见图2,由图2可以看出正常侧黑质致密部可见大量TH阳性神经元,胞质呈棕黄色,胞体呈卵圆形或锥体形,部分可见轴突和树突,损伤侧黑质致密部TH阳性神经元数量占正常侧神经元的7%—30%,部分神经元结构不清晰,形状不规则。
Claims (5)
1.一种帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法,其特征在于,步骤如下:
根据实验大鼠的脑立体定位图谱或/和核磁共振成像数据获得大鼠MFB的位点,位点坐标为:前囟后1.72mm,中线旁开2.13mm,在颅骨表面下8.5mm和8.7mm处各注射1-2μl的6-OHDA;
造模后连续四周对造模动物注射盐酸阿朴吗啡进行旋转实验检测,向健侧旋转且圈数大于7r/min的,视为造模成功,如果旋转方向不对或转数不够则视为造模失败。
2.如权利要求1所述的帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法,其特征在于,注射6-OHDA的进针速度为1mm/min,注药速度1μl/min,注射完成后留针10min。
3.如权利要求1所述的帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法,其特征在于,6-OHDA的注射量均为1.5μl。
4.如权利要求1所述的帕金森病大鼠模型的制备方法,其特征在于,注射盐酸阿朴吗啡的量为0.5mg/kg。
5.帕金森病大鼠模型在构建帕金森病治疗药物的筛选系统中的应用,所述帕金森病大鼠模型由权利要求1至4任一项所述的制备方法制备得到。
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