CN104990812A - Meadow shearing force in-situ test method and device - Google Patents
Meadow shearing force in-situ test method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104990812A CN104990812A CN201510434541.XA CN201510434541A CN104990812A CN 104990812 A CN104990812 A CN 104990812A CN 201510434541 A CN201510434541 A CN 201510434541A CN 104990812 A CN104990812 A CN 104990812A
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Abstract
The invention belongs to the field of meadow ecology improvement, and specifically relates to a shearing force in-situ test method and device aiming at a meadow soil-root system composite structure. According to the requirement of measurement depth, a shearing device is vertically and forcedly inserted into the soil layer with a required depth. After the shearing device reaches the required depth, the shearing device is driven to perform circumferential rotation so as to generate shear failure on the acting surface where the soil-root system composite structure in the required depth interacts with the shearing device until the soil-root system composite structure is destroyed, and the related parameters of anti-shearing strength and shearing characteristics of soil layer in the required depth of a meadow can be calculated according to the effective torque peak value in the period between the time when the shear failure starts and the time when the soil-root system composite structure is destroyed. The provided method and device have strong adaptability and flexible operation, can obtain the data directly, can solve the problem of data deviation of indoor original soil tests after conventional artificial sampling; and moreover, the problem that the sampling is very difficult because the meadow soil is too hard is also solved.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to grassland ecology improvement field, be specifically related to a kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method for grassland soil-root system complex structure and device.
Background technology
Take sheep's hay as the perennial based on the herbage of Propagation of Rhizomes mode of representative, after growth for many years, meadow presents grassland soil and hardens, soil density is high, meadow Gossypium arboreum×G. bickii consolidation, underground root system and soil weave in form the feature of termite live in soil structure, add grassland soil unit weight and consolidation, grassland soil venting and water permeable ability declines, and is unfavorable for the growth of herbage root system.The termite live in soil structure formed deteriorate grassland and the Basic Physical Properties of hardening layer are studied, and suitable certain basic theories can be provided to support for the agricultural machinery and implement improveing deteriorate grassland for designing.
At present, mainly first field soil sampling is passed through to the shear property research of grassland soil, then by direct shear apparatus or triaxial tester, the soil sample of fetching is tested in laboratory, measure correlation parameter, carry out undisturbed soil test after hand sampling in indoor and can cause certain data deviation, and quantity of sampling quantity is relatively many, work comparatively loaded down with trivial details.The work adopting the mode of in-site detecting shear property can remove soil sample to take to prepare with sample, the shear property of Fast Measurement soil, grassland soil character can be understood simultaneously, distinguish soil layer, measure the soil shear characteristic of different soil, reduce the data deviation caused when indoor measurement parameter is taken back in hand sampling.The determinator of current original position soil shear property is mainly used in the aspects such as civil engineering work, exploration, Hydraulic and Hydro-Power Engineering, device specification is larger, MTD often can reach tens meters, and distinctive the hardening property soil layer that sexual involution meadow of hardening is formed and termite live in soil structure, temporarily without relevant original position shear property method of testing and device.
Summary of the invention
The object of this invention is to provide a kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method, the shear property of in-site detecting grassland soil-root system complex structure different soil, directly obtain soil shear parameter in the wild, the design and R&D for meadow cultivating member provides certain theories integration.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a kind of meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, this device flexible operation, is connected carries out field original position grassland soil shearing force testing with tractor.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides following technical scheme:
The invention provides a kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method, the method comprises:
A., before test, read and record the torque value performing shear idle running;
B. according to mensuration depth requirements, force vertical injection to the soil layer of the degree of depth to be measured from surface, meadow execution shear, in injection soil layer process, guarantee that performing shear does not rotate;
C. after performing shear injection to the degree of depth to be measured, by mechanical actuation device or Vidacare corp or drive manually and perform shear and rotate in a circumferential direction, make the termite live in soil structure in this degree of depth with execution shear interactional acting surface on there is shear fails, until termite live in soil structural failure, in process, record performs the maximum torque of shear;
D. step c gained maximum torque is deducted idling torque value in step a, namely obtain making termite live in soil structure generation shear fails until termite live in soil structural failure time required effective torque peak value;
E. according to effective torque peak value, mathematic calculation is used to calculate shearing strength under these degree of depth soil layer natural conditions and the relevant parameter of shear property.
Said method also comprises:
F. along performing the original rotation direction of shear, continuing to drive and perform shear and to rotate in a circumferential direction 5 ~ 10 circles, rotational time≤1min, in rotary course, record performs the maximum torque of shear;
G. step f gained maximum torque is deducted the idling torque value in step a, the value obtained is the effective torque peak value that meadow original position reinvents soil classifiction.
In described step c, perform shear and rotate in a circumferential direction with the rotational speed of 0.05 ~ 0.21rad/min; From perform shear injection to desired depth soil layer to carry out reversing measure time≤5min.
The invention provides a kind of meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, comprise frame 1, shear actuating unit 2, torsion shaft 3, stationary shaft 7, hydraulic cylinder 10 and Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16, wherein,
Hydraulic cylinder 10 is fixed on the top of frame 1; Stationary shaft 7 upper end adopts the mode of screw thread pair to be connected with the hydraulic stem of hydraulic cylinder 10, and stationary shaft 7 lower end is connected with torsion shaft 3 upper end; Torsion shaft 3 lower end is connected by screw thread pair with shearing actuating unit 2;
Described shearing actuating unit 2 comprises vertical shearing plate 13, Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 and back shaft 15;
In the middle part of described torsion shaft 3, both sides are milled with the plane of one fixed width, match with the bare terminal end of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16.
Described device also comprises hanger bracket 11, and hanger bracket 11 is provided with standard trifilar suspension point, and be connected with tractor rear-mounted by the mode of trifilar suspension, hanger bracket 11 is connected with frame 1.
Described vertical shearing plate 13 and Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 are fixed in the bottom of back shaft 15, and the length H of vertical shearing plate 13 and Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 is 2 ~ 8.5 with it along the rotate in a circumferential direction scope of ratio of the circular section radius R formed of axis; Described back shaft 15 is provided with multiple scale line with constant spacing vertically.
Stationary shaft 7 lower end has the shoulder hole of certain depth, is connected with torsion shaft 3 upper end by thrust bearing 6, deep groove ball bearing 5 and spring baffle ring 4.
The meadow shearing force home position testing method of above-mentioned meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, described method comprises the steps:
A. before test, meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is connected with tractor by trifilar suspension, is positioned at bottom frame 1 above meadow and in a distance; Rotate torsion shaft 3 by Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 to rotate in a circumferential direction, the torque value that record Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 dallies, be the torque value that friction force between the inner each parts of device or other power produce;
B. operate tractor control trifilar suspension meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is declined, bottom frame 1 completely and meadow surface contact time stop declining, output hydraulic pressure system after operation tractor, in hydraulic control cylinder 10, hydraulic stem stretches out, drive stationary shaft 7, torsion shaft 3 and shear actuating unit 2 vertical ground and move downward, when the follow-up reforwarding of shearing actuating unit 2 injection meadow soil layer is moved until output hydraulic pressure system makes the hydraulic stem stop motion of hydraulic cylinder 10 after operating tractor after reaching predetermined depth, in injection soil layer process, guarantee that shearing actuating unit 2 does not rotate;
C. Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 is pulled, torsion shaft 3 is driven to rotate in a circumferential direction, make the termite live in soil structure in this degree of depth with execution shear interactional acting surface on there is shear fails, until termite live in soil structural failure, in rotary course, record the maximal value of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16;
D. the maximal value of step c gained Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 is deducted the torque value of step a idle running, effective torque peak value required when obtaining shearing the shear failure within the scope of the soil depth of actuating unit 2 place;
E. according to effective torque peak value, mathematic calculation is used to calculate shearing strength under these degree of depth soil layer natural conditions and the relevant parameter of shear property.
Said method also comprises:
F. along performing the original rotation direction of shear, continue to drive and shear actuating unit 2 and to rotate in a circumferential direction 5 ~ 10 circles, rotational time≤1min, in rotary course, the maximum torque of actuating unit 2 sheared in record;
G. step f gained maximum torque is deducted the idling torque value in step a, the value obtained is the effective torque peak value that meadow original position reinvents soil classifiction.
Compared with prior art, beneficial effect of the present invention is:
The present invention is connected with tractor and carries out field original position grassland soil shearing force testing, strong adaptability, directly can obtain data, flexible operation, carry out undisturbed soil in indoor after solving Traditional Man sampling and test the data deviation caused, and the problem of the sampling effort brought because grassland soil consolidation is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the front view of shearing force in-situ testing device
Fig. 2 is the left view of shearing force in-situ testing device
Fig. 3 hanger bracket front view
Fig. 4 removes the axle schematic side view such as the device after hanger bracket
Fig. 5 is the partial enlarged drawing of torsion shaft and stationary shaft junction
Fig. 6 is the upward view shearing actuating unit
Fig. 7 is the front view shearing actuating unit
Reference numeral is wherein:
1 frame 2 shears actuating unit
3 torsion shaft 4 spring baffle rings
5 deep groove ball bearing 6 thrust bearings
7 stationary shaft 8 gussets
9 set bolt 10 hydraulic cylinders
11 hanger bracket 12 coupling bolts
13 vertical shearing plate 14 Transverse Shear cutting plates
15 back shaft 16 Digital Electronic Torque Wrench
Vertical and the Transverse Shear cutting plate length of H
Vertical and the Transverse Shear cutting plate of R rotates in a circumferential direction along axis the circular section radius of formation
Embodiment
Illustrate that the present invention will be further described with embodiment below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
A kind of meadow of the present invention shearing force home position testing method, be applied to test meadow original-state soil-root system complex structure shearing strength, the method comprises:
A. before test, to read and record performs the idling torque value of shear, be the torque value that friction force between the inner each parts of device or other power produce;
B. according to mensuration depth requirements, force vertical injection to the soil layer of the degree of depth to be measured from surface, meadow execution shear, in injection soil layer process, guarantee that performing shear does not rotate;
C. after performing shear injection to the degree of depth to be measured, by mechanical actuation device or Vidacare corp or drive manually and perform shear and rotate in a circumferential direction, make the termite live in soil structure in this degree of depth with execution shear interactional acting surface on there is shear fails, until termite live in soil structural failure, in process, record performs the maximum torque of shear;
D. step c gained maximum torque is deducted the idling torque value in step a, namely obtain making termite live in soil structure generation shear fails until termite live in soil structural failure time required effective torque peak value;
E. according to effective torque peak value, mathematic calculation is used to calculate shearing strength under these degree of depth soil layer natural conditions and the relevant parameter of shear property.
The method also can be applicable to test meadow original position and reinvents soil classifiction, and the method comprises further:
F. along performing the original rotation direction of shear, continuing to drive and perform shear and to rotate in a circumferential direction 5 ~ 10 circles, rotational time≤1min, in rotary course, record performs the maximum torque of shear;
G. step f gained maximum torque is deducted the idling torque value in step a, the value obtained is the effective torque peak value that meadow original position reinvents soil classifiction.
Preferably, in described step c, perform shear and rotate in a circumferential direction with the rotational speed of 0.05 ~ 0.21rad/min; From perform shear injection to desired depth soil layer to carry out reversing measure time≤5min.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, front view and the left view of meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is respectively.Described meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, comprises frame 1, hanger bracket 11, shears actuating unit 2, torsion shaft 3, stationary shaft 7, hydraulic cylinder 10 and Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16.Wherein, as shown in Figure 3, hanger bracket 11 is provided with standard trifilar suspension point, and adopt the mode of trifilar suspension to be connected with tractor rear-mounted, frame 1 is connected with hanger bracket 11 by coupling bolt 12; As shown in Figure 4, hydraulic cylinder 10 is fixed on the top of frame 1 by set bolt 9; Stationary shaft 7 upper end adopts the mode of screw thread pair to be connected with the hydraulic stem of hydraulic cylinder 10.
As shown in Figure 5, stationary shaft 7 lower end is provided with the shoulder hole of certain depth; Torsion shaft 3 is positioned at below stationary shaft 7, and the upper end of torsion shaft 3 is connected with the lower end of spring baffle ring 4 with stationary shaft 7 by thrust bearing 6, deep groove ball bearing 5, and the lower end of torsion shaft 3 is connected by screw thread pair with shearing actuating unit 2; Shear actuating unit 2 and be positioned at bottom of device.In the middle part of torsion shaft 3, both sides are milled with the plane of one fixed width, match with the bare terminal end of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16.
Described frame 1 is welded by shaped steel, and top is reinforced by gusset 8.
The oil-in of described hydraulic cylinder 10 is connected with tractor hydraulic output terminal by hydraulic tube piece with oil-out.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is respectively the upward view and front view of shearing actuating unit 2.Described shearing actuating unit 2 comprises vertical shearing plate 13, Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 and back shaft 15; Wherein vertical shearing plate 13 and Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 are fixedly connected on bottom back shaft 15, and vertical shearing plate 13 and Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 length H are 2 ~ 8.5 with it along the rotate in a circumferential direction scope of ratio of the circular section radius R formed of axis; Back shaft 15 top is connected with torsion shaft 3 by screw thread pair.
Described back shaft 15 is provided with multiple scale line with constant spacing vertically.
Use a kind of meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, be applied to test meadow original-state soil-root system complex structure shearing strength, the method following steps:
A. before test, meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is connected with tractor by trifilar suspension, is positioned at bottom frame 1 above meadow and in a distance; Rotate torsion shaft 3 by Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 to rotate in a circumferential direction, the torque value that record Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 dallies, be the torque value that friction force between the inner each parts of device or other power produce;
B. operate tractor control trifilar suspension meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is declined, bottom frame 1 completely and meadow surface contact time stop declining, output hydraulic pressure system after operation tractor, in hydraulic control cylinder 10, hydraulic stem stretches out, drive stationary shaft 7, torsion shaft 3 and shear actuating unit 2 vertical ground and move downward, when the follow-up reforwarding of shearing actuating unit 2 injection meadow soil layer is moved until output hydraulic pressure system makes the hydraulic stem stop motion of hydraulic cylinder 10 after operating tractor after reaching predetermined depth, in injection soil layer process, guarantee that shearing actuating unit 2 does not rotate;
C. Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 is pulled, torsion shaft 3 is driven to rotate in a circumferential direction, make the termite live in soil structure in this degree of depth with execution shear interactional acting surface on there is shear fails, until termite live in soil structural failure, in rotary course, record the maximal value of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16;
D. the maximal value of step c gained Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 is deducted the torque value of step a idle running, effective torque peak value required when obtaining shearing the shear failure within the scope of the soil depth of actuating unit 2 place;
E. according to effective torque peak value, mathematic calculation is used to calculate shearing strength under these degree of depth soil layer natural conditions and the relevant parameter of shear property.
The method also can be applicable to test meadow original position and reinvents soil classifiction, and the method comprises further:
F. along shearing the original rotation direction of actuating unit 2, continue to drive and shear actuating unit 2 and to rotate in a circumferential direction 5 ~ 10 circles, rotational time≤1min, in rotary course, the maximum torque of actuating unit 2 sheared in record;
G. step f gained maximum torque is deducted the idling torque value in step a, the value obtained is the effective torque peak value that meadow original position reinvents soil classifiction.
Claims (9)
1. a meadow shearing force home position testing method, is characterized in that:
The method comprises:
A., before test, read and record the torque value performing shear idle running;
B. according to mensuration depth requirements, force vertical injection to the soil layer of the degree of depth to be measured from surface, meadow execution shear, in injection soil layer process, guarantee that performing shear does not rotate;
C. after performing shear injection to the degree of depth to be measured, by mechanical actuation device or Vidacare corp or drive manually and perform shear and rotate in a circumferential direction, make the termite live in soil structure in this degree of depth with execution shear interactional acting surface on there is shear fails, until termite live in soil structural failure, in process, record performs the maximum torque of shear;
D. step c gained maximum torque is deducted idling torque value in step a, namely obtain making termite live in soil structure generation shear fails until termite live in soil structural failure time required effective torque peak value;
E. according to effective torque peak value, mathematic calculation is used to calculate shearing strength under these degree of depth soil layer natural conditions and the relevant parameter of shear property.
2. meadow according to claim 1 shearing force home position testing method, is characterized in that:
Described method also comprises:
F. along performing the original rotation direction of shear, continuing to drive and perform shear and to rotate in a circumferential direction 5 ~ 10 circles, rotational time≤1min, in rotary course, record performs the maximum torque of shear;
G. step f gained maximum torque is deducted the idling torque value in step a, the value obtained is the effective torque peak value that meadow original position reinvents soil classifiction.
3. meadow according to claim 1 shearing force home position testing method, is characterized in that: in described step c, performs shear and rotates in a circumferential direction with the rotational speed of 0.05 ~ 0.21rad/min; From perform shear injection to desired depth soil layer to carry out reversing measure time≤5min.
4. a meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, is characterized in that:
Described device comprises frame (1), shears actuating unit (2), torsion shaft (3), stationary shaft (7), hydraulic cylinder (10) and Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16), wherein,
Hydraulic cylinder (10) is fixed on the top of frame (1); Stationary shaft (7) upper end adopts the mode of screw thread pair to be connected with the hydraulic stem of hydraulic cylinder (10), and stationary shaft (7) lower end is connected with torsion shaft (3) upper end; Torsion shaft (3) lower end is connected by screw thread pair with shearing actuating unit (2);
Described shearing actuating unit (2) comprises vertical shearing plate (13), Transverse Shear cutting plate (14) and back shaft (15);
Both sides, described torsion shaft (3) middle part are milled with the plane of one fixed width, match with the bare terminal end of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16).
5. meadow according to claim 4 shearing force in-situ testing device, it is characterized in that: described device also comprises hanger bracket (11), hanger bracket (11) is provided with standard trifilar suspension point, be connected with tractor rear-mounted by the mode of trifilar suspension, hanger bracket (11) is connected with frame (1).
6. meadow according to claim 4 shearing force in-situ testing device, it is characterized in that: described vertical shearing plate (13) and Transverse Shear cutting plate (14) are fixed in the bottom of back shaft (15), the length H of vertical shearing plate (13) and Transverse Shear cutting plate (14) is 2 ~ 8.5 with it along the rotate in a circumferential direction scope of ratio of the circular section radius R formed of axis; Described back shaft (15) is provided with multiple scale line with constant spacing vertically.
7. meadow according to claim 4 shearing force in-situ testing device, is characterized in that:
Stationary shaft (7) lower end has the shoulder hole of certain depth, is connected with spring baffle ring (4) by thrust bearing (6), deep groove ball bearing (5) with torsion shaft (3) upper end.
8. utilize the meadow shearing force home position testing method of the meadow shearing force in-situ testing device as described in one of claim 4-7, it is characterized in that:
Described method comprises the steps:
A. before test, be connected by meadow shearing force in-situ testing device by trifilar suspension with tractor, frame (1) bottom to be positioned at above meadow and in a distance; Rotate torsion shaft (3) by Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16) to rotate in a circumferential direction, record Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16) torque value that dallies, be the torque value that friction force between the inner each parts of device or other power produce;
B. operate tractor control trifilar suspension meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is declined, frame (1) bottom completely and meadow surface contact time stop declining, output hydraulic pressure system after operation tractor, in hydraulic control cylinder (10), hydraulic stem stretches out, drive stationary shaft (7), torsion shaft (3) and shearing actuating unit (2) vertical ground move downward, when the follow-up reforwarding of shearing actuating unit (2) injection meadow soil layer is moved until output hydraulic pressure system makes the hydraulic stem stop motion of hydraulic cylinder (10) after operating tractor after reaching predetermined depth, guarantee in injection soil layer process that shearing actuating unit (2) does not rotate,
C. Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16) is pulled, torsion shaft (3) is driven to rotate in a circumferential direction, make the termite live in soil structure in this degree of depth with execution shear interactional acting surface on there is shear fails, until termite live in soil structural failure, in rotary course, record the maximal value of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16);
D. the maximal value of step c gained Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16) is deducted the torque value of step a idle running, effective torque peak value required when obtaining shearing the shear failure within the scope of the soil depth of actuating unit (2) place;
E. according to effective torque peak value, mathematic calculation is used to calculate shearing strength under these degree of depth soil layer natural conditions and the relevant parameter of shear property.
9. meadow according to claim 8 shearing force home position testing method, is characterized in that:
Described method also comprises:
F. along performing the original rotation direction of shear, continue to drive and shear actuating unit (2) and to rotate in a circumferential direction 5 ~ 10 circles, rotational time≤1min, in rotary course, the maximum torque of actuating unit (2) sheared in record;
G. step f gained maximum torque is deducted the idling torque value in step a, the value obtained is the effective torque peak value that meadow original position reinvents soil classifiction.
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| CN106226172A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院 | A kind of radical operators Situ Computation device and application process |
| CN107063894A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Shearing test device and the method that shearing test is carried out using described device |
| CN111678633A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-18 | 山东农业大学 | Shearing device for measuring shearing force of stalks and using method thereof |
| CN113686638A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-23 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Soil body stretching and shearing coupling test device and soil body stretching and shearing coupling test method |
| CN113702151A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-26 | 长沙理工大学 | Remove portable automatic shear apparatus |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106120693A (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2016-11-16 | 东南大学 | A kind of in-situ test instrument of quantitative assessment root system of plant compacted soil engineering characteristic |
| CN106120693B (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2017-12-05 | 东南大学 | A kind of in-situ test instrument of quantitative assessment root system of plant compacted soil engineering characteristic |
| CN106068751A (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2016-11-09 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of method and device abolishing degeneration meadow soil root complex structure |
| CN106226172A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院 | A kind of radical operators Situ Computation device and application process |
| CN107063894A (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2017-08-18 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Shearing test device and the method that shearing test is carried out using described device |
| CN111678633A (en) * | 2020-07-09 | 2020-09-18 | 山东农业大学 | Shearing device for measuring shearing force of stalks and using method thereof |
| CN113702151A (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2021-11-26 | 长沙理工大学 | Remove portable automatic shear apparatus |
| CN113702151B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2024-04-09 | 长沙理工大学 | Mobile portable automatic shearing instrument |
| CN113686638A (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2021-11-23 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Soil body stretching and shearing coupling test device and soil body stretching and shearing coupling test method |
| CN113686638B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-07-07 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Soil body tensile shear coupling test device and soil body tensile shear coupling test method |
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