CN107063894A - Shearing test device and the method that shearing test is carried out using described device - Google Patents
Shearing test device and the method that shearing test is carried out using described device Download PDFInfo
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 160
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 99
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 46
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 10
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- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012669 compression test Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
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- G—PHYSICS
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N3/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N3/24—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress by applying steady shearing forces
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/0014—Type of force applied
- G01N2203/0025—Shearing
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2203/00—Investigating strength properties of solid materials by application of mechanical stress
- G01N2203/02—Details not specific for a particular testing method
- G01N2203/06—Indicating or recording means; Sensing means
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Abstract
This application discloses a kind of shearing test device, the shearing test device includes：Test chamber and rotational shear loading device；The test chamber is to house sample to be tested, and it at least includes bottom plate, side wall；The bottom plate of the test chamber, which is provided with, can dispose the axis hole of shear plate rotating shaft；The rotational shear loading device includes shear plate and torque application device, and the shear plate is arranged on by shear plate rotating shaft on the axis hole of the bottom plate of the test chamber, and can be around the shear plate axis of rotation；The torque application device is used to drive the shear plate to rotate around the shear plate rotating shaft, realizes to the rotational shear for the sample to be tested being contained in the test chamber.The device provided using the application, can realize that the shear surface size during shearing test is fixed simultaneously, shear surface uniform force, shear displacemant size is unrestricted and can meet the test requirements document of the wide granularity level of test sample.
Description
Technical field
The application is related to soil body mechanical property testing technical field, and in particular to a kind of shearing test device, is related to simultaneously
A kind of method that shearing test is carried out using the shearing test device.
Background technology
Soil classifiction refers to that the soil body resists the limit capacity of failure by shear, and the soil body can be produced by after load action
Raw normal stress and shear stress, wherein, normal stress makes the soil body occur densification, and shear stress effect can shear the soil body,
Therefore, native intensity often refers to shearing strength, and native strength failure is typically failure by shear.For the various geotechniques manually filled
Building and subsoil, side slope etc., shearing strength are the important indicators for safety evaluation.
Under prior art, soil body shear test device mainly has direct shear apparatus, ring shear apparatus and vane-shear device etc., so
And there is obvious defect in said apparatus.
The direct shear apparatus is the soil body shear test device mainly used in the prior art.This device includes two up and down
In the case of the soil sample container of split, the predetermined pressure for up applying vertical direction, the soil sample container to lower section applies level
The pulling force that soil sample container below the pulling force in direction, measurement applies when pulled.The major defect of this direct shear apparatus is：
(1) with the generation of shear displacemant, shear surface area diminishes, so as to cause discontinuity on shear surface, influences
The accuracy of result of the test；
(2) because the test distance of horizontal direction is limited by instrument size, direct shear apparatus can be tested in detection process
Shear displacemant size range by larger limitation, it is impossible to the cut resistance test data of large-size are provided.
The ring shear apparatus is made up of upper and lower two shear boxs, and upper box can be rotated about the axis thereof.Soil sample is received in annular soil
In sample box, the rotation of top half soil sample is driven during upper box rotation, so as to form shear surface between in the sample, its major defect is：
(1) it is difficult to apply higher direct stress to shear surface；
(2) width of ring is smaller, causes the maximum particle diameter of sample to be tested to be restricted.
The vane-shear device is a kind of in-situ test equipment, mainly includes four-bladed vane probe；Use this device
When, it is necessary first to specified soil layer is bored into, four-bladed vane probe is inserted into, makes the torsion of its rotation according to being applied on four-bladed vane probe
Square calculates shearing strength.Vane shear test is only applicable to clay, silt or uniform sandy soil stratum, be not suitable for enrockment,
Sand gravel, or the soil layer containing gravel, block stone, are extremely restricted the scope of application of sample to be tested.
In summary, the shear surface area that existing shearing test device can not be met during shearing test simultaneously is big
Small fixation, shear surface uniform force, shear displacemant size it is unrestricted and meet the experiment of the wide granularity level of test sample will
Ask, it is necessary to improve.
The content of the invention
The application provides a kind of shearing test device, can not be while meeting shear surface to solve existing shearing test device
Size is fixed, shear surface uniform force, shear displacemant size is unrestricted and meets the big granularity level of test sample
The problem of test requirements document.The application provides a kind of method that shearing test is carried out using the shearing test device in addition.
The application provides a kind of shearing test device, including test chamber and rotational shear loading device；
The test chamber is to house sample to be tested, and it at least includes bottom plate, side wall；The bottom plate of the test chamber is set
The axis hole of shear plate rotating shaft can be disposed by being equipped with；
The rotational shear loading device includes shear plate and torque application device, and the shear plate passes through shear plate rotating shaft
On the axis hole of the bottom plate of the test chamber, and can be around the shear plate axis of rotation；The moment of torsion applies dress
Put for driving the shear plate to be rotated around the shear plate rotating shaft, realize described to be measured in the test chamber to being contained in
The rotational shear of sample.
It is preferred that, the shearing test device also includes torque-measuring apparatus, exists for measuring the torque application device
The moment of torsion applied when carrying out rotational shear to the sample to be tested.
It is preferred that, the shearing test device also includes normal direction loading device, and the normal direction loading device includes Loading Plate
And normal direction drive system, the Loading Plate installs perpendicular to the shear plate rotating shaft, and the normal direction drive system can be along described
Shear plate rotating shaft applies normal pressure to the Loading Plate.
It is preferred that, under same normal pressure, by replacing the shear plate of different length-width ratios, different rotations can be determined and turned round
Square, and then the shearing strength on orthogonal two faces of the sample to be tested is obtained respectively.
It is preferred that, met between the maximum particle diameter dmax of described device size and the sample to be tested：
When the side wall of the test chamber is cylindrical shape, the diameter and height of the test chamber inner chamber >=
24dmax；When the side wall of the test chamber is square column, most short side length >=24dmax of the test chamber inner chamber；
Most short clear distance >=6dmax between the outer rim of the shear plate and the side wall of the test chamber；
Clear distance >=6dmax between the shear plate and bottom plate；
It is described after Normal stress is applied so that the sample to be tested reaches predetermined stress state to the sample to be tested
Clear distance >=6dmax between shear plate and the Loading Plate.
It is preferred that, the test chamber also includes upper cover plate, the shear plate rotating shaft and the upper cover plate and the bottom plate
Between connected respectively with bearing.
It is preferred that, set the bearing on the chute containing locking device, the bottom plate embedding in the axis hole on the bottom plate
Enter in the chute, by setting the locking device, can allow for the shear plate rotating shaft and be subjected to displacement in the chute
Or the shear plate rotating shaft is locked in the determination position of the chute.
It is preferred that, the shape of the shear plate is identical and quantity is multiple, and is uniformly distributed along the shear plate rotating shaft.
It is preferred that, the shear plate is distributed along the shear plate rotating shaft in crossing distribution or in hexagon.
The application also provides a kind of method that shearing test is carried out using described device, and methods described includes：
Shearing test device is installed and sample to be tested is inserted；
Applying normal pressure to the sample to be tested causes the sample to be tested to be compressed into designated state；
Apply rotation torque to the sample to be tested for being compressed into designated state, cause the sample to be tested to be sheared
Destruction, and record the maximum rotation torque for causing the sample to be tested to be applied when occurring failure by shear.
Compared with prior art, the application has advantages below：
Shearing test is carried out using the shearing test device of the application, its general principle is that sample to be tested is placed in into lateral spacing
It is described to be tested by making to the shear plate application rotation torque in the sample to be tested in lateral spacing state in case
Failure by shear occurs for sample, thus reach and meanwhile realize shear surface size during shearing test fix, shear surface by
Power is uniform, shear displacemant size is unrestricted and can meet the test requirements document of the wide granularity level of test sample.
Under optimum condition, normal direction loading device can be set up to the shearing test device according to test requirements document, by this
Device can apply controllable direct stress to the sample to be tested, to simulate the earth stress state under live full-scale condition, from
And enable the shearing test for the soil body that the shearing test device is applied more broadly under a variety of stresses.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the foundation structure schematic diagram for the shearing test device that the application first embodiment is provided；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation for the shearing test device that the application first embodiment is provided；
Fig. 3 is the shear plate cross-sectional view for the shearing test device that the application first embodiment is provided；
Fig. 4 is the shearing test process schematic diagram that the application second embodiment is provided；
Fig. 5 is the shearing test method flow chart that the application second embodiment is provided.
Drawing reference numeral explanation：
1-1 sides wall；1-2 bottom plates；1-3 shear plate rotating shafts；1-4 shear plates；1-5 torque application devices；
2-1 Loading Plates；2-2 shear plates；2-3 shear plate rotating shafts；2-4 upper cover plates；2-5 sides wall；2-6 bottom plates；2-7 hydraulic swings
Turn drive system and torque amplification；2-8 bearings.
Embodiment
Many details are elaborated in the following description to fully understand the present invention.But the present invention can be with
Much it is different from other manner described here to implement, those skilled in the art can be in the situation without prejudice to intension of the present invention
Under do similar popularization, therefore the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed below.
The shearing test device is utilized to carry out shearing examination there is provided a kind of shearing test device and one kind in the application
The method tested, embodiment presented below is described in detail one by one.
The application first embodiment provides a kind of shearing test device, and the shearing test device is mainly used in different structure
The shearing strength of the soil body tested, the shearing strength refers to that the soil body resists the limit capacity of failure by shear, its conduct
One of important mechanical property of soil, controls the stability of a variety of building structure and geologic structure, such as structure foundation and road
The bearing capacity of base, the soil pressure of retaining wall and underground structure, dykes and dams, foundation ditch, the stability of cutting and all kinds of side slopes are by soil
Shearing strength controlled.
As shearing test device, its basic role is that applying shearing force to sample to be tested is allowed to occur failure by shear,
As shown in figure 1, it is the basic structure schematic diagram of shearing test device, the basic part of the shearing test device includes
Test chamber and rotational shear loading device；The test chamber is to house sample to be tested, and it mainly includes bottom plate 1-2 and side
Wall 1-1, the bottom plate 1-2, which is provided with, can dispose shear plate rotating shaft 1-4 axis hole；The rotational shear loading device includes cutting
Cutting plate 1-3 and torque application device 1-5, the shear plate 1-3 are arranged on the test chamber bottom plate by shear plate rotating shaft 1-4
On the 1-2 axis hole, and it can be rotated around the shear plate rotating shaft 1-4, the shear plate 1-3 and shear plate rotating shaft 1-4
It can be integrated, be directly anchored on the shear plate rotating shaft 1-4, also can separate knot with the shear plate rotating shaft 1-4
Structure, is dismounted in actual use；The torque application device 1-5 mainly includes drive system and moment of torsion improves device, institute
It can be hydraulic-driven, Mechanical Driven or electrically driven to state drive system, and it is a kind of be used in torsion that the moment of torsion, which improves device,
The device of moment of torsion, common device for providing torque amplification, torque multiplier, torsion amplifier, gear reduction unit, power are improved in transmitting procedure
Square enlarging instrument etc. coordinates corresponding torque spanner to constitute moment of torsion raising device, and it is used to drive the shear plate 1-3 around institute
Shear plate rotating shaft 1-4 rotations are stated, realizes and rotational shear is carried out to the sample to be tested being contained in the test chamber.
When carrying out shearing test, it is necessary to coordinate the torque application device to the application by torque-measuring apparatus
Moment of torsion is measured and records peak torque, and the torque-measuring apparatus can be integrated with the torque application device, also can be single
Solely set.
When carrying out shearing test to subjects, live full-scale condition need to be simulated, if the live full-scale condition exists
It can not be met under the natural stress of sample to be tested, then need, by applying some external actions to the sample to be tested, to make it
Meet and test the architectural feature and mechanical characteristics of the soil body under field condition, so as to realize in experiment indoors to subjects
The purpose tested of shearing strength, can typically be simulated by way of applying normal pressure to the sample to be tested described
The stress of the soil body, therefore, the shearing test device can also include normal direction loading device, and the normal direction loading device includes lotus
Support plate and normal direction drive system, the Loading Plate are installed perpendicular to the shear plate rotating shaft, and the normal direction drive system being capable of edge
The shear plate rotating shaft applies normal pressure to the Loading Plate, and it can be hydraulic-driven, electrically driven or Mechanical Driven side
Any one of formula.
Different soil structures, its corresponding stress and constituent component have larger difference, thus it is corresponding, to difference
The complexity of the soil body progress shearing test of structure and the complexity of experimental condition are also otherwise varied, for example, by ten
Letter stencil shearing test can complete the soil body shearing test to clay, silt or uniform sandy soil stratum, however for containing gravel,
The soil layer of the bulky grains such as block stone, then need the method and device of corresponding more complicated shearing test.For another example stockpile, sand
Gravel material, wide grading of gravelly soil material etc. contain a large amount of coarse grained earth materials and are usually used in filling for high earth and rockfill dam, are embedded in dam body deep
The soil body by very high stress, the earth and rockfill dam that 300m grades of height of dam, the direct stress suffered by the filling material of dam bottom more than 5MPa,
When carrying out shearing test to the soil body, the stress of required simulation is that the subjects are applied with just should more than 5MPa
Power, under so big direct stress, its bearing strength to shearing test device proposes requirements at the higher level.For another example carrying out
During indoor shearing test, in order to avoid the effect of restraint of test chamber side wall, specification and sample to be tested for experimental rig
Relation between maximum particle size has carried out respective specified, for example, for internal diameter 30cm test chamber, its sample to be tested allowed
Maximum particle diameter be 5-6cm, however, the actual maximum particle diameter of the stockpile such as high earth and rockfill dam shell material is very big, up to 0.8-1m, to this
When kind of the soil body carries out indoor shearing test, need to by the granular-grade of the live soil body by corresponding proportion reduced scale to meeting test chamber permission
Maximum particle diameter, however, the mechanical property of the soil body after reduced scale and the former live soil body has deviation, this deviation is referred to as reduced scale
Effect, the size of test chamber is smaller, and scale effect is more notable, will so cause the larger error of shearing test result, so,
The soil body of big particle diameter should use the sample without reduced scale when carrying out indoor shearing test, therefore, in which case, using more
The indoor shearing test device of large scale specification just has its necessity.
The shearing test device that the present embodiment is provided, disclosure satisfy that in above-mentioned complicated applied force state and complicated structure condition
Under shearing test is carried out to the soil body, for example, being used as the experiment pair of shearing test using the filling material of the earth and rockfill dam of 300m grades of height of dam
As the direct stress suffered by the filling material is vertical pressure, and the main analog mode to its stress is that sample to be tested is applied
Plus vertical pressure, the vertical pressure value that the subjects are born in underground is reached, to described under the pressure condition
Sample to be tested carries out shearing test, and the peak shear strength obtained is the shearing strength of the filling material of the earth and rockfill dam.
Fig. 2 is refer to, the structural representation of its shearing test device provided by the present embodiment.As shown in Fig. 2 the shearing test
Device mainly includes three parts, is respectively：Test chamber, vertical loading device and rotational shear loading device.
As shown in Fig. 2 the test chamber mainly includes bottom plate 2-6, upper cover plate 2-4 and side wall 2-5；It is described vertical
Loading device mainly includes Loading Plate 2-1 and vertical drive system；The rotational shear loading device mainly includes shear plate 2-
2nd, hydraulic rotating drive system and torque amplification 2-7.In the present embodiment, the subjects of shearing test are carried out using the device
For the filling material of high earth and rockfill dam that suffered direct stress is vertical pressure, its principle is：Pass through the Loading Plate of vertical loading device
2-1 and vertical drive system apply vertical pressure to sample to be tested, to simulate the high-stress state under site environment, to the place
Shear plate 2-2 in sample to be tested applies rotation torque by hydraulic rotating drive system and torque amplification 2-7, makes described
Failure by shear occurs for sample to be tested, records applied peak torque and makees corresponding conversion, so as to obtain the anti-of the experiment soil body
Cut intensity.
In the present embodiment, the bottom plate 2-6 and upper cover plate 2-4 are circle, and side wall 2-5 is cylindrical shape, the cylindrical shape
The thickness and rigidity of side wall, which need to be met, makes the sample to be tested under high pressure force compresses still in lateral spacing state, and the state is equal to
Tested sample state in which in confined compression test, the process of the confined compression test is：Sample to be tested is contained in side
In the rigid container of wall, the load by rigid load plate to sample to be tested application vertically downwards makes the sample to be tested
(it can not laterally be deformed, can only vertically be compressed) in confined compression stress.Inside high earth and rockfill dam the soil body by
Power state is closer to the confined compression stress, for example, the earth and rockfill dam of 300m grades of height of dam fills shell material, suffered by it
Direct stress more than 5MPa, so when simulating stress that this fills shell material and carrying out shear strength test, to sample to be tested institute
The vertical pressure of application should also exceed 5MPa, keep sample to be tested to be in lateral spacing state under this high-pressure state, and it is to experiment
The rigidity of container side wall has higher requirement.
In the present embodiment, the upper cover plate 2-4 is detachable type, its object is to be easy to insert sample to be tested, and
It is easy to assemble the other components of the experimental rig, such as shear plate rotating shaft 2-3, shear plate 2-2 and Loading Plate 2-1；It is described
Shear plate rotating shaft 2-3 axis hole can be disposed by being provided with the bottom plate 2-6 and upper cover plate 2-4, and the axis hole is embedded in axle
2-8 is held, so that respectively with the bearing 2-8 between the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3 and the upper cover plate 2-4 and the bottom plate 2-6
Connection, for fixing the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3.
In the vertical loading device, the shape of the Loading Plate is consistent with the shape of the side wall of the test chamber,
And specification is slightly less than the side wall of the test chamber, so that the Loading Plate can be moved up and down, in the present embodiment, institute
It is circle to state Loading Plate 2-1, and its diameter is slightly smaller than the test chamber internal diameter；The vertical drive system is hydraulic-driven system
System, it drives the Loading Plate 2-1 vertically movable；The bearing strength of the Loading Plate 2-1 need to meet the vertical loading device
The bearing requirements for the maximum vertical pressure that can be provided.Therefore in the present embodiment, the upper cover plate 2-4 also needs reserving hole just
In passing through for the Loading Plate 2-1 and the attachment structure of vertical drive system.
The rotational shear loading device, its course of work is to make the place under stress state by applying rotation torque
Tested sample occur failure by shear, and peak torque is recorded, so as to obtain the shearing strength numerical value of the tested sample.At this
During, the section of shear of the circular cutout face of level and vertical column shear surface is constant, water in the tested sample
Stress state in gentle vertical shear surface is consistent, and shear displacemant is unrestricted, can be for 0 to infinity, also, shear rate can
Control.
The shear plate 2-2 is that the angle between the consistent multiple shear plates of shape, any two adjacent shear cutting plate is equal,
It is uniformly distributed along the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3, and generally the shear plate can be cross or hexagon, this implementation
Shear plate described in example is hexagon, and the quantity of corresponding shear plate is 6, as shown in figure 3, it is the hexagonal in the present embodiment
In the cross-sectional view of shape shear plate, the present embodiment, the shear plate is located at the center of the test chamber.It is described to cut
The intensity and thickness of cutting plate calculate determination according to the development of maximum shear strength of estimating of the sample to be tested, increase the number of the shear plate
Amount, can reduce the shearing force that each shear plate is born, the intensity requirement so that shear plate is content with very little, for example,
In the present embodiment, the peak torque measured when failure by shear occurs for the tested sample is T, then each shear plate is shared
Moment of torsion is T/6.
In the present embodiment, the shear plate 2-2 is demountable structure, is demountable structure with the upper cover plate 2-4
Function is similar, compared to the integral structure with shear plate rotating shaft, and the demountable structure is more convenient for inserting and is compacted described to be measured
Sample, relative to shear plate or original place insertion shear plate is inserted after filler, the demountable structure is more convenient for containing a large amount of coarse granules
The shearing test of the soil body.
Torque application device is used to apply moment of torsion to shear plate rotating shaft to drive the shearing version to rotate, in the present embodiment,
The torque application device is hydraulic rotating drive system and torque amplification 2-7, and it to the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3 by applying
Put english torque and drive the shear plate 2-2 to be rotated around the rotating shaft 2-3, and sheared along the outer rim formation of the shear plate
Face, to carry out rotational shear to the sample to be tested.In the present embodiment, the torque-measuring apparatus applies with the moment of torsion
Device is integrated, while moment of torsion is applied to the shear plate rotating shaft by rotary drive system and torque amplification, by pre-
The torque value applied described in the mode synchronous recording first set.
Bearing 2-8 insertions on chute containing locking device, the bottom plate are set in the axis hole on the bottom plate 2-6
In the chute, by setting the locking device, it can allow for the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3 and be subjected to displacement in the chute
Or the shear plate rotating shaft is locked in the determination position of the chute.For example, when the Loading Plate 2-1 is to described to be tested
When sample applies vertical pressure, by setting the locking device, it is set to release to the vertical displacement of the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3
Constraint, can be such that the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3 and shear plate 2-2 is moved down with sample to be tested, so that the Loading Plate
The direct stress on 2-1 upper and lower surface is consistent；When the hydraulic rotating drive system and torque amplification 2-7 drivings are described
Shear plate 2-2 around the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3 rotate when, by pair that the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3 is locked in the chute
Position is answered, so that the shear plate 2-2 in the vertical directions are not subjected to displacement.
In the present embodiment, the relation to the shear plate rotating shaft 2-3 moments of torsion applied and the shearing strength of sample to be tested is equal to
The relation of the moment of torsion of rotating shaft and soil shear strength in vane shear test.When carrying out shearing test, generally regard
The horizontal plane of sample to be tested and the shearing strength of vertical plane are equal, and are collectively referred to as subjects corresponding to the sample to be tested
Shearing strength.However, for the soil body of underground structure, it is usually horizontal layered deposition or filled, be approximately it is horizontal see it is each to
Same sex body, thus under truth the shearing strength of its horizontal plane and vertical plane be it is different, in the present embodiment, can by for
The shear plate of different length-width ratios is changed, peak torque is determined respectively, so as to obtain the shearing strength of horizontal plane and vertical plane.For example：
During the tested sample under the conditions of to same vertical pressure carries out shearing test, it is L1's for R1, length to use width
Shear plate carries out rotational shear, and when occurring failure by shear, measured moment of torsion is T1, then has
The shear plate that width is L2 for R2, length is used to carry out rotational shear, the measured torsion when occurring failure by shear
Square is T2, then has
In above-mentioned formula, τh , maxAnd τv , maxUnder the conditions of respectively described vertical pressure on sample to be tested horizontal plane and vertical plane
On shearing strength, r is the radius of shear plate rotating shaft, and R is the width of shear plate, and L is the length of shear plate.
By above-mentioned (1), (2) two formula simultaneous, you can solve the shearing strength τ on horizontal planeH, maxWith the shearing resistance on vertical plane
Intensity τV, max。
In the present embodiment, in order to avoid the side wall of test chamber or a certain part of experimental rig are to sample to be tested
Constraint is produced, following relation is met between described device size and the maximum particle diameter dmax of the sample to be tested：
The diameter and height of the test chamber inner chamber >=24dmax；
Most short clear distance >=6dmax between the outer rim of the shear plate and the side wall of the test chamber；
Clear distance >=6dmax between the shear plate and bottom plate；
It is described after Normal stress is applied so that the sample to be tested reaches predetermined stress state to the sample to be tested
Clear distance >=6dmax between shear plate and the Loading Plate.
If the side wall of the test chamber is square column, have the most short side length of the test chamber inner chamber >=
24dmax。
The application second embodiment is provided a kind of shearing test device provided using above-mentioned first embodiment and cut
Described device is described in detail in the method for cutting experiment, first embodiment, in the present embodiment mainly to using
State device and carry out the test principle of shearing test and illustrate, and the understanding of the construction and its characteristic to described device see the
The content that one embodiment is provided.It refer to Fig. 5 and understand the embodiment, the shearing test flow that Fig. 5 is provided by the present embodiment
Figure.This method embodiment is introduced below in conjunction with Fig. 5.
Frame S501：Shearing test device is installed and sample to be tested is inserted.
From first embodiment, the rotational shear plate of the shearing test device, the upper cover plate and load of test chamber
Plate is all demountable structure, its object is to the charging and discharging being easy in process of the test, and enables shear advance
Insert in sample to be tested, the sample to be tested is reached predetermined stress.Therefore, at the beginning of experiment, the shearing examination
The assembling process of the part composition device of experiment device should with sample to be tested insert it is mutually coordinated between process coordinate, it is common to complete
Sample to be tested prepares work in advance, and the process comprises the following steps：
Rotational shear plate rotating shaft is installed at the axis hole in test chamber；
Sample to be tested is inserted into the test chamber to predetermined altitude；
Rotational shear plate is installed, the bottom of the rotational shear plate is same with the predetermined altitude for inserting sample to be tested
Highly；
The sample to be tested is inserted into the test chamber to the tip position of the rotational shear plate, and is compacted described
Sample to be tested；
Continue to insert the sample to be tested to specified altitude assignment；
The upper lid of Loading Plate and the test chamber is lifted respectively.
Frame S502：Apply vertical pressure to the sample to be tested to the sample to be tested and be compressed into designated state.
The designated state refers to the real bearing state of the tested soil body, for example, the experiment soil body is 300m grades of height of dam
The dam bottom filling material of earth and rockfill dam, direct stress suffered by it is more than 5MPa, then the sample to be tested is specified in the present embodiment
State is the stress that suffered direct stress exceedes 5MPa, corresponding, can be to institute by using vertical loading device in this step
Stating vertical pressure of the sample to be tested application more than 5MPa makes it simulate above-mentioned required stress.
Frame S503：Apply rotational shear to the sample to be tested for being compressed into designated state, cause described to be tested
Failure by shear occurs for sample, and the peak torque for causing the sample to be tested to be applied when occurring failure by shear described in record.
When above-mentioned steps realize the predesignated state of the sample to be tested, this step will carry out the core ring of this experiment
Section, i.e., apply rotational shear to the sample to be tested by rotational shear loading device and be allowed to occur failure by shear, and record
Peak torque, according to the corresponding relation of peak torque and shearing strength, the shearing resistance that can obtain the sample to be tested by conversion is strong
Degree.
The detailed process of this method refer to Fig. 4, the process schematic diagram of its shearing test method provided for the present embodiment,
Wherein：
4-1：Rotational shear plate rotating shaft is installed at the axis hole in test chamber；
4-2：Sample to be tested is inserted into the test chamber to predetermined altitude；
4-3：Rotational shear plate is installed, the bottom of the rotational shear plate is with the predetermined altitude for inserting sample to be tested
Sustained height；
4-4：The sample to be tested is inserted into the test chamber to the tip position of the rotational shear plate, and is compacted
The sample to be tested；
4-5：Continue to insert the sample to be tested to specified altitude assignment；
4-6：The upper lid of Loading Plate and the test chamber is lifted respectively；
4-7：Apply vertical pressure to the sample to be tested to the Loading Plate and be compressed into designated state；
4-8：Apply rotational shear to the rotational shear plate rotating shaft, cause the sample to be tested to occur failure by shear,
And record the moment of torsion applied in this process.
Although the present invention is disclosed as above with preferred embodiment, it is not for limiting the present invention, any this area skill
Art personnel without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, can make possible variation and modification, therefore the guarantor of the present invention
The scope that shield scope should be defined by the claims in the present invention is defined.
Claims (11)
1. a kind of shearing test device, it is characterised in that including：Test chamber and rotational shear loading device；
The test chamber is to house sample to be tested, and it at least includes bottom plate, side wall；The bottom plate of the test chamber is provided with
The axis hole of shear plate rotating shaft can be disposed；
The rotational shear loading device includes shear plate and torque application device, and the shear plate is installed by shear plate rotating shaft
On the axis hole of the bottom plate of the test chamber, and can be around the shear plate axis of rotation；The torque application device is used
In driving the shear plate to be rotated around the shear plate rotating shaft, the sample to be tested to being contained in the test chamber is realized
Rotational shear.
2. shearing test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shearing test device also includes torque measuring
Device is measured, for measuring the moment of torsion that the torque application device is applied when carrying out rotational shear to the sample to be tested.
3. shearing test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shearing test device also adds including normal direction
Carry and put, the normal direction loading device includes Loading Plate and normal direction drive system, the Loading Plate turns perpendicular to the shear plate
Axle is installed, and the normal direction drive system can apply normal pressure along the shear plate rotating shaft to the Loading Plate.
4. shearing test device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that under same normal pressure, by replacing not
With the shear plate of length-width ratio, different rotation torques can be determined, and then obtain orthogonal the two of the sample to be tested respectively
Shearing strength on individual face.
5. shearing test device according to claim 3, it is characterised in that described device size and the sample to be tested
Met between maximum particle diameter dmax：
When the side wall of the test chamber is cylindrical shape, the diameter and height of the test chamber inner chamber >=24dmax；When
When the side wall of the test chamber is square column, most short side length >=24dmax of the test chamber inner chamber；
Most short clear distance >=6dmax between the outer rim of the shear plate and the side wall of the test chamber；
Clear distance >=6dmax between the shear plate and bottom plate；
After Normal stress is applied so that the sample to be tested reaches predetermined stress state to the sample to be tested, the shearing
Clear distance >=6dmax between plate and the Loading Plate.
6. shearing test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the test chamber also includes upper cover plate, institute
State and connected respectively with bearing between shear plate rotating shaft and the upper cover plate and the bottom plate.
7. shearing test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that set and contain in the axis hole on the bottom plate
Bearing on the chute of locking device, the bottom plate is embedded in the chute, by setting the locking device, can allow for institute
State the determination position that shear plate rotating shaft is subjected to displacement in the chute or the shear plate rotating shaft is locked in the chute.
8. shearing test device according to claim 1, it is characterised in that the shape of the shear plate is identical and quantity is
It is multiple, and be uniformly distributed along the shear plate rotating shaft.
9. shearing test device according to claim 8, it is characterised in that the shear plate is in along the shear plate rotating shaft
Crossing distribution is distributed in hexagon.
10. a kind of method that shearing test is carried out using shearing test device as claimed in claim 1, it is characterised in that institute
The method of stating includes：
Shearing test device is installed and sample to be tested is inserted；
Apply rotation torque to the sample to be tested, cause the sample to be tested to occur failure by shear.
11. a kind of torque-measuring apparatus using as described in increasing claim 2 on the basis of any one of claim 3-9
The method that shearing test device carries out shearing test, it is characterised in that methods described includes：
Shearing test device is installed and sample to be tested is inserted；
Applying normal pressure to the sample to be tested causes the sample to be tested to be compressed into designated state；
Apply rotation torque to the sample to be tested for being compressed into designated state, cause the sample to be tested to occur shearing broken
It is bad, and record the maximum rotation torque for causing the sample to be tested to be applied when occurring failure by shear.
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