CN104990812B - A kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method and device - Google Patents
A kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method and device Download PDFInfo
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- CN104990812B CN104990812B CN201510434541.XA CN201510434541A CN104990812B CN 104990812 B CN104990812 B CN 104990812B CN 201510434541 A CN201510434541 A CN 201510434541A CN 104990812 B CN104990812 B CN 104990812B
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Abstract
The invention belongs to grassland ecology to improve field, and in particular to a kind of shearing force home position testing method and device for grassland soil root system complex structure.According to measure depth requirements, shear will be performed and force vertical injection into the soil layer of depth to be measured from meadow surface；Injection is to after depth to be measured, driving performs shear and rotated in a circumferential direction, so that on the acting surface with performing shear interaction shear fails occur for the soil root complex structure in the depth, until soil root complex structure destroys, make soil root complex structure that shear fails occur to effective torque peak value required when destroying to calculate the relevant parameter of shearing strength and shear property under the depth soil layer natural conditions to be measured of meadow by measure.The problem of strong adaptability of the present invention, can directly obtain data, and operation is flexible, solve data deviation caused by carrying out undisturbed soil test indoors after Traditional Man sampling, and the sampling brought because grassland soil consolidation is high is laborious.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to grassland ecology to improve field, and in particular to a kind of for grassland soil-root system complex structure
Meadow shearing force home position testing method and device.
Background technology
By sheep's hay for representative it is perennial in a manner of Propagation of Rhizomes based on herbage, growth for many years after, meadow shows
Grassland soil is hardened, and soil density is high, meadow Gossypium arboreum×G. bickii consolidation, and underground root system forms soil with soil weave in
The characteristics of earth-root system complex structure, grassland soil unit weight and consolidation being added, grassland soil venting and water permeable ability declines,
It is unfavorable for the growth of herbage root system.The termite live in soil structure and the basic physics of hardening layer formed special to Degenerated
Property studied, can suitably be used to the agricultural machinery and implement for improveing degeneration meadow certain basic theories be provided supporting to design.
At present, the shear property research to grassland soil mainly first passes through field soil sampling, then leads in laboratory
Cross direct shear apparatus or triaxial tester to test the soil sample fetched, determine relevant parameter, carried out indoors after manual sampling former
Shape soil test can cause certain data deviation, and quantity of sampling quantity is relatively more, and work is relatively complicated.Cut using in-site detecting
Cut the mode of characteristic and can remove soil sample from and take the work prepared with sample, the quick shear property for determining soil, while can be with
Understand grassland soil property, distinguish soil layer, determine the soil shear characteristic of different soil, reduce manual sampling and take back indoor measurement
Data deviation caused by during parameter.The measure device of original position soil shear property is mainly used in civil engineering, exploration, water conservancy at present
Hydroelectric project etc., device specification is bigger, and MTD is formed often up to tens meters for hardened sexual involution meadow
Distinctive hardened property soil layer and termite live in soil structure, temporarily without correlation shear property method of testing in situ and device.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method, in-site detecting grassland soil-root system is multiple
The shear property of whole body structure different soil, in the wild directly obtain soil shear parameter, be meadow cultivating member design with
Research and development provide certain theories integration.
It is a further object to provide a kind of meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, device operation is flexible, with
Tractor, which is connected, carries out field original position grassland soil shearing force testing.
To achieve these goals, the invention provides following technical scheme：
The present invention provides a kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method, and this method includes：
A. before testing, read and record performs the torque value that shear dallies；
B. according to measure depth requirements, shear will be performed and force vertical injection to the soil of depth to be measured from meadow surface
In layer, ensure that performing shear does not rotate during injection soil layer；
C. shear injection is performed to after depth to be measured, passes through mechanical actuation device or Vidacare corp or artificial hand
Dynamic driving performs shear and rotated in a circumferential direction so that the termite live in soil structure in the depth is with performing shear
Shear fails occur on the acting surface of interaction, until termite live in soil structure destroy, during record perform shearing
The maximum torque of device；
D. maximum torque obtained by step c is subtracted into idling torque value in step a, that is, obtains making termite live in soil
Shear fails effective torque peak value required when termite live in soil structure is destroyed occurs for structure；
E. according to effective torque peak value, the shearing resistance calculated with mathematic calculation under the depth soil layer natural conditions is strong
The parameter of degree and shear property correlation.
The above method also includes：
F. along the original rotation direction of shear is performed, driving is continued and performs shear to rotate in a circumferential direction 5~10 circles,
Rotational time≤1min, record performs the maximum torque of shear in rotary course；
G., maximum torque obtained by step f is subtracted to the idling torque value in step a, obtained value is meadow weight in situ
Mould the effective torque peak value of soil classifiction.
In the step c, perform shear and rotated in a circumferential direction with 0.05~0.21rad/min rotary speed；From execution
Shear injection to required depth soil layer to proceed by reverse measure time≤5min.
The present invention provides a kind of meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, including frame 1, shearing performs device 2, torsional axis 3,
Fixing axle 7, hydraulic cylinder 10 and Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16, wherein,
Hydraulic cylinder 10 is fixed on the top of frame 1；Hydraulic pressure of the upper end of fixing axle 7 by the way of screw thread pair with hydraulic cylinder 10
Bar is connected, and the lower end of fixing axle 7 is connected with the upper end of torsional axis 3；The lower end of torsional axis 3 is connected with shearing performs device 2 by screw thread pair；
The shearing performs device 2 includes vertical shearing plate 13, Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 and support shaft 15；
The on both sides of the middle of torsional axis 3 is milled with the plane of one fixed width, is engaged with the bare terminal end of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16.
Described device also includes hanger bracket 11, and hanger bracket 11 is provided with standard trifilar suspension point, passes through the side of trifilar suspension
Formula is connected with tractor rear-mounted, and hanger bracket 11 is connected with frame 1.
The vertical shearing plate 13 and Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 are fixed in the bottom of support shaft 15, vertical shearing plate 13 and transverse direction
The length H of shear plate 14 and its ratio between circular section radius R to be formed that rotated in a circumferential direction along axis scope is 2~8.5；The support
Axle 15 is provided with multiple scale lines with constant spacing vertically.
The lower end of fixing axle 7 is provided with the shoulder hole of certain depth, passes through thrust bearing 6, deep groove ball bearing 5 and spring baffle ring 4
It is connected with the upper end of torsional axis 3.
The meadow shearing force home position testing method of above-mentioned meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, methods described include as follows
Step：
A. before testing, meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is connected by trifilar suspension with tractor, the bottom position of frame 1
Above meadow and it is separated by a certain distance；Torsional axis 3 is rotated by Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 to rotate in a circumferential direction, record Digital-display torque is pulled
Torque value caused by frictional force or other power inside the torque value that hand 16 dallies, as device between each part；
B. operate tractor control trifilar suspension by meadow shearing force in-situ testing device decline, the bottom of frame 1 completely with
Stop declining when meadow surface contacts, operate output hydraulic pressure system after tractor, control hydraulic stem in hydraulic cylinder 10 to stretch out, drive
Fixing axle 7, torsional axis 3 and shearing performs device 2 move downward perpendicular to the ground, after 2 injection meadow soil layer of performs device is sheared
Continuing motion output hydraulic pressure system after tractor is operated after reaching desired depth makes the hydraulic stem stop motion of hydraulic cylinder 10,
Ensure that shearing performs device 2 does not rotate during injection soil layer；
C. Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 is pulled, drives torsional axis 3 to rotate in a circumferential direction so that soil-root system in the depth is compound
On the acting surface with performing shear interaction shear fails occur for body structure, until termite live in soil structure
Destroy, the maximum of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 is recorded in rotary course；
D., the maximum of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 obtained by step c is subtracted to the torque value of step a idle running, shearing is obtained and performs
Required effective torque peak value during failure by shear in the range of the place soil depth of device 2；
E. according to effective torque peak value, the shearing resistance calculated with mathematic calculation under the depth soil layer natural conditions is strong
The parameter of degree and shear property correlation.
The above method also includes：
F. along the original rotation direction of shear is performed, continue driving shearing performs device 2 and rotate in a circumferential direction 5~10
Enclose, rotational time≤1min, the maximum torque of record shearing performs device 2 in rotary course；
G., maximum torque obtained by step f is subtracted to the idling torque value in step a, obtained value is meadow weight in situ
Mould the effective torque peak value of soil classifiction.
Compared with prior art, the beneficial effects of the present invention are：
The present invention is connected with tractor carries out field original position grassland soil shearing force testing, strong adaptability, can directly obtain
Data, operation is flexible, solves data deviation caused by carrying out undisturbed soil test indoors after Traditional Man samples, and because of meadow
The problem of sampling that soil compactibility is high and brings is laborious.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the front view of shearing force in-situ testing device
Fig. 2 is the left view of shearing force in-situ testing device
Fig. 3 hanger bracket front views
Fig. 4 removes the isometric schematic side view of device after hanger bracket
Fig. 5 is torsional axis and the partial enlarged drawing of fixed shaft connection place
Fig. 6 is the upward view of shearing performs device
Fig. 7 is the front view of shearing performs device
Reference therein is：
1 frame 2 shears performs device
The spring baffle ring of 3 torsional axis 4
The thrust bearing of 5 deep groove ball bearing 6
The gusset of 7 fixing axle 8
The hydraulic cylinder of 9 fixing bolt 10
The connecting bolt of 11 hanger bracket 12
The Transverse Shear cutting plate of 13 vertical shearing plate 14
The Digital Electronic Torque Wrench of 15 support shaft 16
H is vertical and Transverse Shear cutting plate length
R is vertical and Transverse Shear cutting plate rotates in a circumferential direction along the axis circular section radius to be formed
Embodiment
The present invention will be further described with embodiment for explanation below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
A kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method of the present invention, applied to test meadow original-state soil-root system complex knot
Structure shearing strength, this method include：
A. before testing, the idling torque value for performing shear is read and records, as inside device between each part
Torque value caused by frictional force or other power；
B. according to measure depth requirements, shear will be performed and force vertical injection to the soil of depth to be measured from meadow surface
In layer, ensure that performing shear does not rotate during injection soil layer；
C. shear injection is performed to after depth to be measured, passes through mechanical actuation device or Vidacare corp or artificial hand
Dynamic driving performs shear and rotated in a circumferential direction so that the termite live in soil structure in the depth is with performing shear
Shear fails occur on the acting surface of interaction, until termite live in soil structure destroy, during record perform shearing
The maximum torque of device；
D., maximum torque obtained by step c is subtracted to the idling torque value in step a, that is, obtains making soil-root system compound
Shear fails effective torque peak value required when termite live in soil structure is destroyed occurs for body structure；
E. according to effective torque peak value, the shearing resistance calculated with mathematic calculation under the depth soil layer natural conditions is strong
The parameter of degree and shear property correlation.
This method applies also for testing meadow remodeling soil classifiction in situ, and this method further comprises：
F. along the original rotation direction of shear is performed, driving is continued and performs shear to rotate in a circumferential direction 5~10 circles,
Rotational time≤1min, record performs the maximum torque of shear in rotary course；
G., maximum torque obtained by step f is subtracted to the idling torque value in step a, obtained value is meadow weight in situ
Mould the effective torque peak value of soil classifiction.
Preferably, in the step c, perform shear and rotated in a circumferential direction with 0.05~0.21rad/min rotary speed；
From execution shear injection to required depth soil layer to the time≤5min for proceeding by torsion measure.
As depicted in figs. 1 and 2, the respectively front view and left view of meadow shearing force in-situ testing device.The meadow
Shearing force in-situ testing device, including frame 1, hanger bracket 11, shearing performs device 2, torsional axis 3, fixing axle 7, hydraulic cylinder 10
With Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16.Wherein, as shown in figure 3, hanger bracket 11 is provided with standard trifilar suspension point, by the way of trifilar suspension
It is connected with tractor rear-mounted, frame 1 is connected by connecting bolt 12 with hanger bracket 11；As shown in figure 4, hydraulic cylinder 10 passes through admittedly
Determine the top that bolt 9 is fixed on frame 1；Hydraulic stem of the upper end of fixing axle 7 with hydraulic cylinder 10 by the way of screw thread pair is connected.
As shown in figure 5, the lower end of fixing axle 7 is provided with the shoulder hole of certain depth；Torsional axis 3 is located at the lower section of fixing axle 7, reverses
The upper end of axle 3 is connected by thrust bearing 6, deep groove ball bearing 5 and spring baffle ring 4 with the lower end of fixing axle 7, under torsional axis 3
End is connected with shearing performs device 2 by screw thread pair；Shearing performs device 2 is located at bottom of device.The on both sides of the middle of torsional axis 3 is milled with
The plane of one fixed width, it is engaged with the bare terminal end of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16.
The frame 1 is welded by shaped steel, and top is reinforced by gusset 8.
The oil inlet and oil-out of the hydraulic cylinder 10 are connected by hydraulic tube piece with tractor hydraulic output end.
Fig. 6 and Fig. 7 is respectively the upward view and front view for shearing performs device 2.The shearing performs device 2 includes vertical
Shear plate 13, Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 and support shaft 15；Wherein vertical shearing plate 13 and Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 is fixedly connected on support
The bottom of axle 15, vertical shearing plate 13 and the length H of Transverse Shear cutting plate 14 with its rotated in a circumferential direction along axis the circular section radius R to be formed it
The scope of ratio is 2~8.5；The top of support shaft 15 is connected by screw thread pair with torsional axis 3.
The support shaft 15 is provided with multiple scale lines with constant spacing vertically.
Using a kind of meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, applied to test meadow original-state soil-root system complex structure
Shearing strength, this method following steps：
A. before testing, meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is connected by trifilar suspension with tractor, the bottom position of frame 1
Above meadow and it is separated by a certain distance；Torsional axis 3 is rotated by Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 to rotate in a circumferential direction, record Digital-display torque is pulled
Torque value caused by frictional force or other power inside the torque value that hand 16 dallies, as device between each part；
B. operate tractor control trifilar suspension by meadow shearing force in-situ testing device decline, the bottom of frame 1 completely with
Stop declining when meadow surface contacts, operate output hydraulic pressure system after tractor, control hydraulic stem in hydraulic cylinder 10 to stretch out, drive
Fixing axle 7, torsional axis 3 and shearing performs device 2 move downward perpendicular to the ground, after 2 injection meadow soil layer of performs device is sheared
Continuing motion output hydraulic pressure system after tractor is operated after reaching desired depth makes the hydraulic stem stop motion of hydraulic cylinder 10,
Ensure that shearing performs device 2 does not rotate during injection soil layer；
C. Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 is pulled, drives torsional axis 3 to rotate in a circumferential direction so that soil-root system in the depth is compound
On the acting surface with performing shear interaction shear fails occur for body structure, until termite live in soil structure
Destroy, the maximum of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 is recorded in rotary course；
D., the maximum of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench 16 obtained by step c is subtracted to the torque value of step a idle running, shearing is obtained and performs
Required effective torque peak value during failure by shear in the range of the place soil depth of device 2；
E. according to effective torque peak value, the shearing resistance calculated with mathematic calculation under the depth soil layer natural conditions is strong
The parameter of degree and shear property correlation.
This method applies also for testing meadow remodeling soil classifiction in situ, and this method further comprises：
F. along the original rotation direction of shearing performs device 2, continue driving shearing performs device 2 and rotate in a circumferential direction 5~10
Enclose, rotational time≤1min, the maximum torque of record shearing performs device 2 in rotary course；
G., maximum torque obtained by step f is subtracted to the idling torque value in step a, obtained value is meadow weight in situ
Mould the effective torque peak value of soil classifiction.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of meadow shearing force home position testing method using meadow shearing force in-situ testing device, the meadow shearing force is former
Bit test device includes frame (1), shearing performs device (2), torsional axis (3), fixing axle (7), hydraulic cylinder (10) and digital display and turned round
Square spanner (16), wherein, hydraulic cylinder (10) is fixed on the top of frame (1)；Fixing axle (7) upper end by the way of screw thread pair with
The hydraulic stem of hydraulic cylinder (10) is connected, and fixing axle (7) lower end is connected with torsional axis (3) upper end；Held with shearing torsional axis (3) lower end
Luggage is put (2) and is connected by screw thread pair；The shearing performs device (2) includes vertical shearing plate (13), Transverse Shear cutting plate (14)
With support shaft (15)；Torsional axis (3) on both sides of the middle is milled with the plane of one fixed width, the clamping with Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16)
End is engaged, it is characterised in that：
Methods described comprises the following steps：
A. before testing, meadow shearing force in-situ testing device is connected by trifilar suspension with tractor, frame (1) bottom is located at
Above meadow and it is separated by a certain distance；Torsional axis (3) is rotated by Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16) to rotate in a circumferential direction, and records Digital-display torque
Torque value caused by the torque value of spanner (16) idle running, the as frictional force inside device between each part or other power；
B. operate tractor control trifilar suspension by meadow shearing force in-situ testing device decline, frame (1) bottom completely with grass
Stop declining when ground surface contacts, operate output hydraulic pressure system after tractor, hydraulic stem stretches out in control hydraulic cylinder (10), drives
Fixing axle (7), torsional axis (3) and shearing performs device (2) move downward perpendicular to the ground, when shearing performs device (2) injection grass
The dynamic output hydraulic pressure system after tractor is operated after reaching desired depth of the follow-up reforwarding of ground soil layer makes the hydraulic pressure of hydraulic cylinder (10)
Bar stop motion, ensure that shearing performs device (2) does not rotate during injection soil layer；
C. Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16) is pulled, drives torsional axis (3) to rotate in a circumferential direction so that soil-root system in the depth is compound
On the acting surface with performing shear interaction shear fails occur for body structure, until termite live in soil structure
Destroy, the maximum of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16) is recorded in rotary course；
D., the maximum of Digital Electronic Torque Wrench (16) obtained by step c is subtracted to the torque value of step a idle running, shearing is obtained and performs dress
Put effective torque peak value required during the failure by shear in the range of the soil depth of (2) place；
E. according to effective torque peak value, with mathematic calculation calculate shearing strength under the depth soil layer natural conditions and
The related parameter of shear property.
2. shearing force home position testing method in meadow according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：
Methods described also includes：
F. along the original rotation direction of shear is performed, continue driving shearing performs device (2) and rotate in a circumferential direction 5~10 circles,
Rotational time≤1min, the maximum torque of record shearing performs device (2) in rotary course；
G., maximum torque obtained by step f is subtracted to the idling torque value in step a, obtained value is meadow original position manipulated soil
Shearing strength effective torque peak value.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106120693B (en) * | 2016-07-04 | 2017-12-05 | 东南大学 | A kind of in-situ test instrument of quantitative assessment root system of plant compacted soil engineering characteristic |
| CN106068751B (en) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-02-09 | 中国农业大学 | A kind of method and device for abolishing degeneration meadow soil root complex structure |
| CN106226172A (en) * | 2016-08-31 | 2016-12-14 | 云南省交通规划设计研究院 | A kind of radical operators Situ Computation device and application process |
| CN107063894B (en) * | 2017-04-27 | 2023-11-24 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Shear test device and method for performing shear test by using same |
| CN113702151B (en) * | 2021-07-14 | 2024-04-09 | 长沙理工大学 | Mobile portable automatic shearing instrument |
| CN113686638B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2023-07-07 | 石家庄铁道大学 | Soil body tensile shear coupling test device and soil body tensile shear coupling test method |
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