CN104988264B - A kind of method for sintering fume treatment and utilizing - Google Patents
A kind of method for sintering fume treatment and utilizing Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to one kind sintering fume treatment and Application way, the sintering flue gas after dedusting is heated by hot-blast stove, by flue gas to 1000 DEG C 1400 DEG C;By blast-furnace tuyere, by the flue gas after heating, blast furnace is blown into, ironmaking production is carried out instead of air;Desulphurization and denitration, Tuo bioxin and treatment of furans are carried out to sintering flue gas using the high temperature in blast furnace and strong reducing condition;Sensible heat, the oxygen in flue gas, carbon dioxide and the carbon monoxide of flue gas are utilized in ironmaking production.Contrasted with other sintering fume treatment technologies, this technology is handled sintering flue gas using existing ironmaking production equipment, and operating cost is low, and new byproduct is not produced, can catch and utilize carbon dioxide in flue gas and carbon monoxide using Latent heat is sintered.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to metallurgical technology field, it is related to a kind of method for sintering fume treatment and utilizing, flue gas is carried out
Desulphurization and denitration and Tuo bioxin, and utilize carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, oxygen and latent heat in flue gas.
Background technology
Sulfur dioxide in sintering flue gas, nitrogen oxides are serious to atmosphere pollution Ji content of dioxin is higher;But sinter flue gas
In also contain carbon monoxide, oxygen and latent heat resource.Therefore sintering flue gas needs desulphurization and denitration and Tuo bioxin to handle, and right
Its latent heat resource and carbon monoxide therein and carbon dioxide are recycled.
The processing of sintering flue gas is divided into wet method, dry method and semidry method.But no matter which kind of method, task equipment pair must be built
Flue gas is handled;And also needed in fume treatment running using substantial amounts of desulfurizing agent, denitrfying agent etc., operating cost is high;One
Desulfurization product and denitration product after a little method processing are also difficult by.
The content of the invention
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention discloses a kind of method for sintering fume treatment and utilizing, using blast furnace ironmaking
Process is handled and utilized to flue gas.
In view of above-mentioned many difficulties, the present invention successfully researches and develops flue gas is handled and utilized using blast furnace ironmaking process
Technology, using flue gas is sintered instead of air progress blast furnace ironmaking, carries out desulphurization and denitration to sintering flue gas in ironmaking processes, takes off
Bioxin processing, and utilize the resources such as carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide and oxygen in Latent heat, flue gas.After processing, flue gas is high
Producer gas, blast-furnace slag and molten iron absorb, identical with former blast furnace ironmaking production product, do not form new difficult material.
The technical scheme is that:One kind sintering fume treatment and Application way, this method use blast furnace ironmaking process
Flue gas is handled and utilized, the sintering flue gas after dedusting is heated by hot-blast stove, by flue gas to 1000 DEG C-
1400℃;By blast-furnace tuyere, by the flue gas after heating, blast furnace is blown into, ironmaking production is carried out instead of air;By in blast furnace
High temperature and strong reducing condition carry out desulphurization and denitration, Tuo bioxin and treatment of furans to sintering flue gas;In the sensible heat of flue gas, flue gas
Oxygen, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide be utilized in ironmaking production.
Above-mentioned sintering fume treatment and Application way, this method are comprised the following steps that:
Step 1:Dust removal process is carried out to sintering flue gas first, the particulate solid of basic anhydride will be attached with flue gas
Remove, make to be attached with basic anhydride solid dust content in sintering flue gas less than 200mg/m3, sinter the cigarette after flue gas ash removal
Gas, imports hot-blast stove by the sintering flue gas after dedusting by main exhauster, the sintering flue gas after dedusting is preheated, heat
1000 DEG C -1400 DEG C are reached to sintering flue-gas temperature;
Step 2:Sintering flue gas after step 1 is preheated is sent into blast furnace by blast furnace air supply system, in blast furnace,
Furnace charge in sintering flue gas and blast furnace chemically reacts, and sinters the oxygen in flue gas, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in height
It is utilized in stove ironmaking production;Sulfur dioxide in sintering flue gas, nitrogen oxides, bioxin and furans are handled simultaneously, shape
Into gaseous product, i.e. blast furnace gas, content of sulfur dioxide is less than 100mg/m in the blast furnace gas3, amount of nitrogen oxides is small
In 300mg/m3, content of dioxin is less than 0.5ng-TEQ/m3;Wherein, sintering flue gas feeding ratio accounts for the 30- of blast furnace air amount
100%, air or oxygen-enriched or oxygen send into the 0-70% that ratio accounts for blast furnace air amount.
Further, in the step 2:In blast furnace, the sulfur dioxide in sintering flue gas is entered by carbon reduction in molten iron
Molten iron, is then reacted by slag steel, largely enters slag;Also partly by solid carbon in blast furnace and Carbon monoxide reduction, and
CaO, the Fe and the oxide of iron constantly declined in blast furnace absorbs, into molten iron and slag.
Further, in the step 2:In blast furnace, it is described sintering flue gas in nitrogen oxides by carbon in molten iron reduce into
Enter molten iron;Also part is converted into nitrogen, is finally entered blast furnace gas by solid carbon in blast furnace and Carbon monoxide reduction.
Further, in the step 2:Bioxin and furans are in blast furnace high temperature (1000-2200 in the sintering flue gas
DEG C) under environment, by the reaction with iron liquid, slag and furnace charge in blast furnace, be all decomposed and absorb, and do not have to molten steel quality
Have an impact.
Further, in the step 2:CO in the sintering flue gas reduces iron ore in blast furnace, not instead as reducing agent
The CO answered then forms blast furnace gas, is recycled.
Further, in the step 2:Carbon dioxide and oxygen in the sintering flue gas, as in oxidant, with blast furnace
Coke and solid carbon reaction, form CO, as reducing gas in blast furnace.In this approach, sintering carbon dioxide in flue gas is captured
And utilization, it is to avoid the discharge of sintering carbon dioxide in flue gas.
The beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:The present invention is smelted iron using blast furnace sinter flue gas instead of air, latent heat in sintering flue gas
It is utilized, and oxygen, carbon dioxide and the carbon monoxide in flue gas are utilized in ironmaking production;While dioxy in flue gas
Change sulphur, nitrogen oxides, Tuo bioxin and furans to be handled.Content of sulfur dioxide in the gaseous product of formation, i.e. blast furnace gas
Less than 100mg/m3, amount of nitrogen oxides is less than 300mg/m3, content of dioxin is less than 0.5ng-TEQ/m3;The molten iron sulphur of generation
It is seldom with nitrogen content increase, follow-up STEELMAKING PRODUCTION is had not significant impact.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is present invention sintering fume treatment and the process flow diagram utilized.
In figure:1- sintering machine 2- cleaner 3- main exhauster 4- air 5- is oxygen-enriched or oxygen 6- hot-blast stoves 7 are roused
Blower fan 8- blast furnace 9- gas chambers.
Embodiment
Technical scheme is expanded on further with reference to process flow diagram, but not as to protection domain
Limitation.
It is as shown in Figure 1 a kind of sintering fume treatment of the present invention and the process flow diagram of the method utilized, it is right first
Flue gas carries out dust removal process.Sintering machine is typically each equipped with dust removal process, such as bag-type dust or electric precipitation, can be removed by these
Dirt equipment, dust removal process is carried out to sintering flue gas, wherein particulate solid will be removed, to prevent that smoke dust from setting to subsequent heat
Standby adverse effect, such as dust are more to block pipeline, and dust is deposited in subsequent heat equipment can also influence heating effect, and
Shorten the firing equipment life-span, alkali metal potassium, sodium can also make a significant impact on blast furnace ironmaking in dust.After dedusting,
Solid dust content should control to be less than 200mg/m in flue gas3, if further 50mg/m is arrived in control3Then effect is more preferable.Also it can adopt
With wet dedusting, but wet dedusting can lose Latent heat, be unfavorable for the comprehensive utilization of Latent heat;In addition, being removed using wet method
Also need to carry out dehumidification treatments to flue gas after dirt, therefore do not recommend to use wet dedusting.
Gas after dedusting, by the way that the sintering flue gas after dedusting is imported into hot-blast stove using pipeline after main exhauster, is imported
Depending on flow is according to hot-blast stove disposal ability and the demand of blast furnace.General import volume is slightly less than or held equal to hot-blast stove processing
Amount.When flue gas import volume is less than hot-blast stove disposal ability, by air or oxygen-enriched or oxygen replenishment.
Sintering flue gas is sent directly into blast furnace, and temperature is relatively low, is unfavorable for the trouble-free operation of blast furnace.In order to ensure blast fumance just
Often carry out, sintering flue gas is heated using iron-smelter existing hot-blast stove, heating-up temperature need to reach more than 1000 DEG C, reach
1000℃-1400℃。
Sinter flue-gas temperature higher, 150 DEG C high compared with air or so;Sinter after flue gas replaces partial air heating and smelt iron, can
Make full use of the part energy.
By heating after stove heat, high temperature sintering flue gas is passed through the sintering flue gas after heating by blast furnace air supply system
Blast-furnace tuyere sends into blast furnace.When flue gas use ratio is less than 100%, remaining share is by air or oxygen-enriched or oxygen replenishment.
In blast furnace, sintering flue gas and blast furnace burden are fully reacted by adverse current relative motion with furnace charge, while carrying out sulphur
Decomposition and absorption, the reduction of carbon dioxide of the reduction of compound with absorption, the reduction of nitrogen oxides with absorbing, bioxin and furans
With utilizing, carbon monoxide the reaction such as utilize.Specific reaction is as follows:
Sulfur dioxide in sintering flue gas enters molten iron by carbon reduction in molten iron, is then reacted by slag steel, most of to enter
Slag;Also part is by solid carbon in blast furnace and Carbon monoxide reduction, and CaO, the Fe and the oxygen of iron constantly declined in blast furnace
Compound absorbs, into molten iron and slag.
Sulfur dioxide is by the reaction equation that carbon in molten iron is reduced and absorbed:
SO2+ 2 [C]=[S]+2CO
[S]+(CaO)=CaS+ [O]
Sulfur dioxide is by solid carbon in blast furnace and Carbon monoxide reduction, and by the reaction that molten iron and slag absorb:
SO2+ 2C=S+2CO
SO2+ 2CO=S+2CO2
S=[S]
2S+2CaO=2CaS+O2
[S]+(CaO)=(CaS)+[O]
In blast furnace, sintering nitrogen oxides in effluent enters molten iron by carbon reduction in molten iron;Also part is by solid in blast furnace
State carbon and Carbon monoxide reduction, are converted into nitrogen, finally enter blast furnace gas.
Nitrogen oxides is by the reaction equation that carbon in molten iron is reduced and absorbed:
NO2+ 2 [C]=[N]+2CO
NO+ [C]=[N]+CO
Nitrogen oxides is by the reaction that solid carbon in blast furnace and Carbon monoxide reduction produce nitrogen:
2NO2+ 4C=N2+4CO
2NO+2C=N2+2CO
2NO2+ 4CO=N2+4CO2
2NO+2CO=N2+2CO2
Dioxin in flue gas and furans are under blast furnace hot environment, by the reaction with iron liquid, slag and furnace charge in blast furnace,
All it is decomposed and absorbs, and molten iron and gas quality is not influenceed.
CO can reduce iron ore in blast furnace as reducing agent in flue gas.Unreacted CO then forms blast furnace gas, is recovered
Utilize.
Carbon dioxide in flue gas and oxygen, react as coke in oxidant, with blast furnace and solid carbon, form CO, turn into
Reducing gas in blast furnace.In this approach, sintering carbon dioxide in flue gas is captured and utilized, it is to avoid titanium dioxide in sintering flue gas
The discharge of carbon.
Sinter sulfide in flue gas after handling by blast furnace to be reduced, the overwhelming majority enters molten iron, slag, and Determination of Trace Sulfur is entered
Enter blast furnace gas, but basic constituted to coal gas is had not significant impact, and the use of blast furnace gas is not influenceed;Nitrogen oxides in effluent quilt
Reduction, partly into molten iron, partly into coal gas, but does not influence the use of molten iron-steelmaking and coal gas;Dioxin in flue gas and furan
Mutter the removal that is decomposed;CO is used as reducing agent in flue gas, or is rapidly absorbed into coal gas;Oxygen and carbon dioxide are used as in flue gas
Oxidant, carbon dioxide is captured utilization;Flue gas is smelted iron instead of air, and sensible heat is utilized.
Sintering sulfide in flue gas is reduced and absorbed in blast furnace, equivalent to the sulphur analysis increase in blast furnace burden.It is high
Preferably, sulphur has 80-90% to be removed to enter blast furnace slag desulfurization thermodynamic condition in furnace charge in stove.The sulphur that sintering flue gas is brought into, one
Aspect can be by being properly added lime, and the desulphurizing ability for improving blast-furnace slag is solved;If do not changed in blast furnace lime consumption, molten iron
Sulphur has a certain degree of increase, but most of sulphur is still absorbed by slag.Sulphur in molten iron can take off in the pretreatment of follow-up molten iron
Remove, molten iron pre-processes increased cost very little.
Sinter molten iron nitrogen content increase caused by nitrogen oxides in effluent not notable, be on the one hand the content of nitrogen oxides
It is relatively low, it is not enough to cause molten iron nitrogen content significantly to increase;On the other hand, molten iron nitrogen pick-up is inherently not easy, nitrogen oxidation in flue gas
Thing can not possibly cause the obvious nitrogen pick-up of molten iron.Even if Nitrogen in Hot Metal is high, decarburizing reaction can be easily passed through in follow-up steel-making
Removing, will not increase cost, the quality of steel not interfered with substantially yet.
Nitrogen in flue gas influences little to operation of blast furnace, because nitrogen in flue gas content is below or near to the nitrogen in air
Gas content, therefore flue gas replaces air to carry out blast fumance, nitrogen will not cause obvious negative interaction;Nitrogen enters blast furnace simultaneously
Shi Wendu is 1000-1400 DEG C, and from blast furnace come out when temperature it is low, therefore do not cause the loss of high furnace heat yet.
Through the above way, sintering flue gas well handled by blast furnace, wherein sulfide, nitrogen oxides, bioxin,
Furans is removed substantially, and carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxygen and latent heat are utilized.
Embodiment 1
After flue gas is sintered by electric precipitation, temperature is 150 DEG C, and after main exhauster, hot-blast stove is sent into by gas pipeline,
Flow is 5000 cubic meters per minutes, and air substitution rate is 100%, wherein SO2Content 1000mg/m3, nitrous oxides concentration
200mg/m3;1200 DEG C are heated in hot-blast stove, blast furnace is blasted by blast-furnace tuyere by air blower;In blast furnace, cigarette is sintered
Gas and blast furnace burden chemically react, and sulfur dioxide is reduced and enters molten iron and slag, and nitrogen oxides, which is reduced, enters iron
Water and blast furnace gas , bioxin and furans are in pyrolytic, and carbon dioxide reacts with carbon in blast furnace, generates carbon monoxide, turns into
Reducing agent enters blast furnace gas, and oxygen reacts with carbon, generates carbon monoxide, and release reaction heat.Blast furnace sinter flue gas is replaced
Cold air is smelted iron, and latent heat utilization effect is 7.5X10 in sintering flue gas8J is per minute, and the Sulfur Content in Hot Iron content ratio of blast fumance is adopted
The molten steel sulfur content increase 0.013wt% produced with air, this part sulphur can easily be removed in the pretreatment of follow-up molten iron, increased
Cost very little;Nitrogen is less than 0.01wt% in molten iron, meets the requirements;Sulfur content increases 0.17wt% in slag, this part sulphur
Increase the influence used slag unobvious;Content of sulfur dioxide is less than 100mg/m in blast furnace gas3, amount of nitrogen oxides is small
In 300mg/m3, content of dioxin is less than 0.5ng-TEQ/m3。
Embodiment 2
After flue gas is sintered by bag-type dust, temperature is 170 DEG C, and after main exhauster, hot blast is sent into by gas pipeline
Stove, flow is 4000 cubic meters per minutes, and air substitution rate is 80%, wherein SO2Content 2000mg/m3, nitrous oxides concentration
400mg/m3;1250 DEG C are heated in hot-blast stove, blast furnace is blasted by blast-furnace tuyere by air blower;In blast furnace, cigarette is sintered
Gas and blast furnace burden chemically react, and sulfur dioxide is reduced and enters molten iron and slag, and nitrogen oxides, which is reduced, enters iron
Water and blast furnace gas , bioxin and furans are in pyrolytic, and carbon dioxide reacts with carbon in blast furnace, generates carbon monoxide, turns into
Reducing agent enters blast furnace gas, and oxygen reacts with carbon, generates carbon monoxide, and release reaction heat.Blast furnace sinter flue gas is replaced
Cold air is smelted iron, and latent heat utilization effect is 6.95X10 in sintering flue gas8J is per minute, and the Sulfur Content in Hot Iron content ratio of blast fumance is adopted
The molten steel sulfur content increase 0.02wt% produced with air, this part sulphur can easily be removed in the pretreatment of follow-up molten iron, increased
Cost very little;Nitrogen is less than 0.01wt% in molten iron, meets the requirements;Sulfur content increases 0.27wt% in slag, this part sulphur
Increase the influence used slag unobvious;Content of sulfur dioxide is less than 100mg/m in blast furnace gas3, amount of nitrogen oxides is small
In 300mg/m3, content of dioxin is less than 0.5ng-TEQ/m3。
Embodiment 3
After flue gas is sintered by bag-type dust, temperature is 200 DEG C, and after main exhauster, hot blast is sent into by gas pipeline
Stove, flow is 3000 cubic meters per minutes, and air substitution rate is 60%, wherein SO2Content 3000mg/m3, nitrous oxides concentration
600mg/m3;1250 DEG C are heated in hot-blast stove, blast furnace is blasted by blast-furnace tuyere by air blower;In blast furnace, cigarette is sintered
Gas and blast furnace burden chemically react, and sulfur dioxide is reduced and enters molten iron and slag, and nitrogen oxides, which is reduced, enters iron
Water and blast furnace gas , bioxin and furans are in pyrolytic, and carbon dioxide reacts with carbon in blast furnace, generates carbon monoxide, turns into
Reducing agent enters blast furnace gas, and oxygen reacts with carbon, generates carbon monoxide, and release reaction heat.Blast furnace sinter flue gas is replaced
Cold air is smelted iron, and latent heat utilization effect is 6.29X10 in sintering flue gas8J is per minute, and the Sulfur Content in Hot Iron content ratio of blast fumance is adopted
The molten steel sulfur content increase 0.022wt% produced with air, this part sulphur can easily be removed in the pretreatment of follow-up molten iron, increased
Cost very little;Nitrogen is less than 0.01wt% in molten iron, meets the requirements;Sulfur content increases 0.3wt%, the increasing of this part sulphur in slag
Plus the influence used slag is not obvious;Content of sulfur dioxide is less than 100mg/m in blast furnace gas3, amount of nitrogen oxides is less than
300mg/m3, content of dioxin is less than 0.5ng-TEQ/m3。
Embodiment 4
After flue gas is sintered by bag-type dust, temperature is 200 DEG C, and after main exhauster, hot blast is sent into by gas pipeline
Stove, flow is 1500 cubic meters per minutes, and air substitution rate is 30%, wherein SO2Content 3000mg/m3, nitrous oxides concentration
600mg/m3;1250 DEG C are heated in hot-blast stove, blast furnace is blasted by blast-furnace tuyere by air blower;In blast furnace, cigarette is sintered
Gas and blast furnace burden chemically react, and sulfur dioxide is reduced and enters molten iron and slag, and nitrogen oxides, which is reduced, enters iron
Water and blast furnace gas , bioxin and furans are in pyrolytic, and carbon dioxide reacts with carbon in blast furnace, generates carbon monoxide, turns into
Reducing agent enters blast furnace gas, and oxygen reacts with carbon, generates carbon monoxide, and release reaction heat.Blast furnace sinter flue gas is replaced
Cold air is smelted iron, and latent heat utilization effect is 3.15X10 in sintering flue gas8J is per minute, and the Sulfur Content in Hot Iron content ratio of blast fumance is adopted
The molten steel sulfur content increase 0.011wt% produced with air, this part sulphur can easily be removed in the pretreatment of follow-up molten iron, increased
Cost very little;Nitrogen is less than 0.01wt% in molten iron, meets the requirements;Sulfur content increases 0.15wt% in slag, this part sulphur
Increase the influence used slag unobvious;Content of sulfur dioxide is less than 100mg/m in blast furnace gas3, amount of nitrogen oxides is small
In 300mg/m3, content of dioxin is less than 0.5ng-TEQ/m3。
The principle and its effect of the above-mentioned merely exemplary explanation present invention of embodiment, it is any not for the limitation present invention
Those skilled in the art can all be modified or changed to above-mentioned embodiment under the spirit and scope without prejudice to the present invention
Become.Therefore, such as those of ordinary skill in the art without departing from disclosed spirit and technological thought
Lower all completed equivalent modifications or change, should be covered by the claim of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. one kind sintering fume treatment and Application way, this method are handled and utilized to flue gas using blast furnace ironmaking process,
The sintering flue gas after dedusting is heated by hot-blast stove, by flue gas to 1000 DEG C -1400 DEG C;By blast-furnace tuyere,
By the flue gas after heating, blast furnace is blown into, ironmaking production is carried out instead of air;By the high temperature in blast furnace and strong reducing condition to burning
Tie flue gas and carry out desulphurization and denitration, Tuo bioxin and treatment of furans;Sensible heat, the oxygen in flue gas, carbon dioxide and an oxidation for flue gas
Carbon is utilized in ironmaking production, it is characterised in that this method is comprised the following steps that:
Step 1:Dust removal process is carried out to sintering flue gas first, the particulate solid that basic anhydride are attached with flue gas is removed
Go, make to be attached with basic anhydride solid dust content in sintering flue gas less than 200mg/m3, the flue gas after flue gas ash removal is sintered,
Sintering flue gas after dedusting is imported by hot-blast stove by main exhauster, the sintering flue gas after dedusting is preheated, is heated to
Sintering flue-gas temperature reaches 1000 DEG C -1400 DEG C;
Step 2:Sintering flue gas after step 1 is preheated is sent into blast furnace by blast furnace air supply system, in blast furnace, sintering
Furnace charge in flue gas and blast furnace chemically reacts, and sinters the oxygen in flue gas, carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide in blast furnace refining
It is utilized in iron production;Sulfur dioxide in sintering flue gas, nitrogen oxides, bioxin and furans are handled simultaneously, formation
Content of sulfur dioxide is less than 100mg/m in gaseous product, i.e. blast furnace gas, the blast furnace gas3, amount of nitrogen oxides is less than
300mg/m3, content of dioxin is less than 0.5ng-TEQ/m3;Wherein, sintering flue gas feeding ratio accounts for the 30- of blast furnace air amount
100%, air or oxygen-enriched or oxygen send into the 0-70% that ratio accounts for blast furnace air amount.
2. sintering fume treatment according to claim 1 and Application way, it is characterised in that in the step 2:In blast furnace
In, the sulfur dioxide in sintering flue gas enters molten iron by carbon reduction in molten iron, is then reacted by slag steel, largely enters stove
Slag;Also part is by solid carbon in blast furnace and Carbon monoxide reduction, and CaO, the Fe and iron constantly declined in blast furnace oxidation
Thing absorbs, into molten iron and slag.
3. sintering fume treatment according to claim 1 and Application way, it is characterised in that in the step 2:In blast furnace
In, the nitrogen oxides in the sintering flue gas enters molten iron by carbon reduction in molten iron;Also part is by solid carbon in blast furnace and one
Carbonoxide is reduced, and is converted into nitrogen, is finally entered blast furnace gas.
4. sintering fume treatment according to claim 1 and Application way, it is characterised in that in the step 2:It is described to burn
Bioxin and furans are under blast furnace hot environment in knot flue gas, by the reaction with iron liquid, slag and furnace charge in blast furnace, whole
It is decomposed and absorbs, and molten steel quality is not influenceed.
5. sintering fume treatment according to claim 1 and Application way, it is characterised in that in the step 2:It is described to burn
The CO in flue gas is tied as reducing agent, iron ore in blast furnace is reduced, unreacted CO then forms blast furnace gas, is recycled.
6. sintering fume treatment according to claim 1 and Application way, it is characterised in that in the step 2:It is described to burn
The carbon dioxide and oxygen in flue gas is tied, is reacted as coke in oxidant, with blast furnace and solid carbon, CO is formed, as blast furnace
Middle reducing gas, in this approach, sintering carbon dioxide in flue gas are captured and utilized, it is to avoid sintering carbon dioxide in flue gas
Discharge.
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