CN104985324A - 一种激光同步焊接设备 - Google Patents
一种激光同步焊接设备 Download PDFInfo
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- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
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- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/54—Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-shells, to form hollow articles, e.g. for making balls, containers; Joining several hollow-preforms, e.g. half-cylinders, to form tubular articles
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- B29C65/1664—Laser beams characterised by the way of heating the interface making use of several radiators
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Abstract
本发明提供一种激光同步焊接设备,用于焊接汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜;包括与光纤组相连,同时提供多束激光的激光发射器;第一模具,被用于放置灯体,适于相对第二模具上下移动;第二模具,被用于放置配光镜;且在对应于配光镜的焊接位置处均匀设置有多个光纤固定孔,光纤组的每一根光纤分别接入到光纤固定孔中;导光管,用于整形和聚焦处理激光,其位于第二模具内,横穿过所有光纤固定孔,使激光通过光纤的传输后照射到导光管上;当第一模具运动至与第二模具相重合的位置时,经过导光管整形的激光穿过配光镜聚焦在灯体的焊接筋上,灯体的焊接筋被熔融,使得灯体与配光镜焊接在一起。本发明一次性地同步完成车灯的整个焊接,效率高,成本低。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种汽车车灯的制造技术领域,特别是涉及一种用于焊接汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜的激光同步焊接设备。
背景技术
目前,对汽车车灯的焊接一般采用摩擦焊和热板焊:
摩擦焊是在焊接时,旋转工件在电机驱动下开始高速旋转,移动工件在轴向力作用下逐步向旋转工件靠拢,两侧工件接触并压紧后,摩擦界面上一些微凸体首先发生粘接与剪切,并产生摩擦热。随着实际接触面积增大,摩擦扭矩迅速升高,摩擦界面处温度也随之上升,摩擦界面逐渐被一层高温粘塑性材料所覆盖。此时,两侧工件的相对运动实际上已发生在这层粘塑性材料内部,产热机制已由初期的摩擦产热转变为粘塑性材料层内的塑性变形产热。在热激活作用下,这层粘塑性材料发生动态再结晶,使变形抗力降低,故摩擦扭矩升高到一定程度后逐渐降低。随着摩擦热量向两侧工件的传导,焊接面两侧温度亦逐渐升高,在轴向压力作用下,焊合区材料发生径向塑性流动,从而形成飞边,轴向缩短量逐渐增大。随摩擦时间延长,摩擦界面温度与摩擦扭矩基本恒定,温度分布区逐渐变宽,飞边逐渐增大,此阶段称之为准稳定摩擦阶段。在此阶段,摩擦压力与震动速度保持恒定。当摩擦焊接区的温度分布、变形达到一定程度后,开始刹车制动并使轴向力迅速升高到所设定的顶端压力此时轴向缩短量急骤增大,并随着界面温度降低,摩擦压力增大,摩擦扭矩出现第二个峰值,即后峰值扭矩。在整个过程中,焊合区材料通过相互扩散与再结晶,使两侧材料牢固焊接在一起,从而完成整个焊接过程。
热板焊是通过一个由温度控制的加热板来焊接工件,焊接时,加热板置于两个待焊接的工件之间,当工件紧贴住加热板时,便开始熔化。在一段预先设置好的加热时间过去之后,工件表面将达到一定的熔化程度,此时工件向两边分开,加热板移开,随后在一定压力作用下两片工件快速并合在一起,当达到一定的焊接时间和焊接深度之后,整个焊接过程完成。
摩擦焊会有飞边焊渣的现象,且能耗较大;而热板焊通常会有熔融后焦黑现象,能耗极大,并且两种焊接方式焊接的工件表面质量都不够好。
为了解决上述问题,对于汽车车灯的焊接也有采用激光焊接的,激光焊接是利用高能量密度的激光束作为热源的一种高效精密焊接方法,通过激光辐射加热待加工表面,表面热量通过热传导向内部扩散,通过控制激光脉冲的宽度、能量、峰功率和重复频率等激光参数,使工件熔化,形成特定的熔池。激光束可由平面光学元件(如镜子等)导引,随后再以反射聚焦元件或镜片将光束投射在焊缝上。但是目前的激光发生器主要用于平面板的焊接,因此在将其应用到车灯的焊接时,会受到很大的限制;并且,由于激光焊接是针对平面板的焊接,所以对于复杂曲面车灯进行焊接时,往往采用一点一点的局部焊接的方式,这也就造成了时间上的浪费。
发明内容
鉴于以上所述现有技术的缺点,本发明的目的在于提供一种激光同步焊接设备,用于解决现有技术中无法同时完成对复杂曲面车灯的同时焊接的问题。
为实现上述目的及其他相关目的,本发明提供一种激光同步焊接设备,用于焊接汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜;所述激光同步焊接设备包括:第一模具、第二模具、激光发射器和导光管;所述激光发射器与光纤组相连,用于同时提供多束激光;所述第一模具被用于放置所述灯体,且适于相对所述第二模具上下移动;所述第二模具被用于放置所述配光镜;所述第二模具在对应于所述配光镜的焊接位置处均匀设置有多个光纤固定孔,所述光纤组的每一根光纤分别接入到所述光纤固定孔中;所述导光管位于所述第二模具内,横穿过所有所述光纤固定孔,使得激光通过光纤的传输后照射到所述导光管上;所述导光管用于对照射进来的激光进行处理,使得当所述第一模具运动至与所述第二模具相重合的位置时,经过所述导光管整形的激光穿过所述配光镜聚焦在所述灯体的焊接筋上,所述灯体的焊接筋被熔融,使得所述灯体与所述配光镜融合在一起。
可选地,所述第一模具是依据所述灯体而制造的;所述第二模具是依据所述配光镜而制造的。
可选地,多个所述光纤固定孔的设置与所述激光发射器发射的激光相关。
可选地,相邻的所述光纤固定孔的间距为相邻光纤传输的激光头互不干扰的最小距离。
可选地,所述第二模具包括激光固定块和两个导光管固定块;多个所述光纤固定孔是由所述激光固定块和两个所述导光管固定块共同形成;所述激光固定块位于所述导光管固定块的顶部;所述激光固定块和其对应的所述导光管固定块固定连接在一起;所述激光固定块用于固定光纤;两个所述导光管固定块配对使用,用于夹持住所述导光管和所述配光镜。
可选地,所述激光同步焊接设备还包括机架,所述第二模具固定安装在所述机架的上部;所述第一模具可上下移动地安装在所述机架的下部。
可选地,所述第一模具是通过安装在所述机架上的气缸驱动而上下移动的。
可选地,所述气缸的压力和所述激光发射器的能量是可调节的;调节所述气缸的驱动力和所述激光发射器的能量,使得激光同步焊接所形成的飞边的高和宽在0.4mm内。
可选地,所述第一模具是安装在升降板上的,所述升降板的底部与所述气缸固定连接在一起;所述气缸通过所述升降板带动所述第一模具相对于所述第二模具上下移动。
如上所述,本发明的用于焊接汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜的激光同步焊接设备,具有以下有益效果:
1)本发明的激光同步焊接设备可以根据不同汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜而进行模具的生成,因此,本发明的激光同步焊接设备适用范围更加广泛;
2)本发明采用多束激光对整个车灯的灯体和配光镜进行同时焊接,焊接时间短,速度快;
3)本发明还增加了导光管,将多束激光的能量焦点垂直汇聚在灯体的焊接筋,最大限度的利用了激光的能量,节省了能源;
4)本发明采用的是激光焊接,没有焊渣,没有粉末性飞边,且飞边的高和宽的范围为:0<H<0.4mm、0<W<0.4mm,环境污染极小;
5)本发明的激光焊接能量消耗极低。
附图说明
图1显示为本发明实施例公开的一种激光同步焊接设备的整体结构示意图。
图2显示为本发明实施例公开的一种激光同步焊接设备的第一模具和第二模具的结构示意图。
图3显示为本发明实施例公开的一种激光同步焊接设备的第二模具的结构示意图。
图4显示为本发明实施例公开的一种激光同步焊接设备的第一模具和第二模具的局部剖面示意图。
元件标号说明
100 激光同步焊接设备
110 第一模具
120 第二模具
121 光纤固定孔
122 激光固定块
1231 第一导光管固定块
1232 第二导光管固定块
130 机架
140 升降板
150 气缸
160 导光管
210 灯体
220 配光镜
具体实施方式
以下由特定的具体实施例说明本发明的实施方式,熟悉此技术的人士可由本说明书所揭露的内容轻易地了解本发明的其他优点及功效。
请参阅图1至图4。须知,本说明书所附图式所绘示的结构、比例、大小等,均仅用以配合说明书所揭示的内容,以供熟悉此技术的人士了解与阅读,并非用以限定本发明可实施的限定条件,故不具技术上的实质意义,任何结构的修饰、比例关系的改变或大小的调整,在不影响本发明所能产生的功效及所能达成的目的下,均应仍落在本发明所揭示的技术内容所能涵盖的范围内。同时,本说明书中所引用的如“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“中间”及“一”等的用语,亦仅为便于叙述的明了,而非用以限定本发明可实施的范围,其相对关系的改变或调整,在无实质变更技术内容下,当亦视为本发明可实施的范畴。
本发明公开的激光同步焊接方法用于焊接汽车车灯的灯体与配光镜,并且,该激光同步焊接设备对汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜没有任何形状上的要求。目前对灯体与配光镜的焊接一般采用摩擦焊和热板焊,这两种焊接方法的能耗较大,焊接质量不高,而且焊接表面不够美观,为了解决这些焊接问题,本发明公开了一种激光同步焊接设备。
如图1至图4所示,本实施例的一种用于焊接汽车车灯的灯体210和配光镜220的激光同步焊接设备100包括:第一模具110、第二模具120、机架130、导光管160和激光发射器(在附图中未示出)。
激光发射器用于同时提供多束激光,且激光发射器与光纤组相连。本发明是为了同时完成整个汽车车灯的灯体210和配光镜220的焊接,因此,需要在灯体210和配光镜220焊接部位同时接入多束激光。并且,虽然汽车车灯的焊接筋粗细会造成的激光发射器到各个焊接部位的距离有所不同,但是由于导光管整形和聚焦的特性,这些焊接光斑的粗细可以通过调节导光管离激光发生断面的距离来调整从而实现车灯的灯体210和配光镜220的同步焊接。
第一模具110是用于固定汽车车灯的灯体210的。并且,第一模具110位于机架130的下部,且其可以连同灯体210相对于第二模具120上下进行运动。
在本实施例中,为了完成第一模具110的上下运动,将第一模具110安装在升降板140的上表面,升降板140通过气缸150安装在机架130上,且气缸150是安装在升降板140的底部,以便于气缸150的活塞杆作用于升降板140。这样,在第一模具110需要上下移动时,则控制气缸150顶起升降板140或带动升降板140向下移动,从而完成第一模具110的上下移动。优选地,气缸150采用顶升气缸。
当然,要实现第一模具110连同灯体210相对于第二模具120进行上下移动,还有很多种方式,例如通过电机驱动第一模具上下运动等等,这些都是本领域的技术人员所熟知的,因此这里不再予以赘述。在本发明中,只要能够实现第一模具110连同灯体210能够相对于第二模具120进行上下移动的方式都在本发明保护的范围内。
第二模具120是固定安装在机架130的顶部的,是用于固定汽车车灯的配光镜220。在本实施例中,第二模具120是通过螺丝螺母的结构固定安装在机架130的顶部的。当然,本发明并不仅限于螺丝螺母这种固定模式,只要能够将第二模具120不可移动地固定安装在机架130上的方式,都属于本发明所保护的范围。第二模具120相对于机架130是不会发生任何移动的,汽车车灯的配光镜220是被固定放置与第二模具120内的。
第二模具120在对应于配光镜220的焊接位置处均匀设置了多个光纤固定孔121,光纤组和每一根光纤分别接入到光纤固定孔121中,具体如图2和图3所示。从理论上讲,由于灯体210上的焊接筋是连续排列的,所以光纤固定孔121的位置设置在满足激光条形光斑平滑的前提下,越密越好,但是,通过相邻光纤传输的激光,彼此之间会出现互相干扰的现象,因此,光纤固定孔121的最佳位置设置为:相邻的光纤固定孔121的间距为相邻的光纤传输的激光头互不干扰的最小距离。
导光管160用于整形和聚焦激光,其位于第二模具120的内部,且横穿过所有的光纤固定孔120。激光通过光纤的传输后照射到导光管160上。
进一步地,第二模具120包括激光固定块和两个导光管固定块,且多个光纤固定孔120是由激光固定块和两个导光管固定块共同形成的。如图4所示,激光固定块122位于第一导光管固定块1231和第二导光管固定块1232的顶部,且激光固定块122与第一导光管固定块1231和第二导光管固定块1232固定连接在一起。激光固定块122用于固定光纤;第一导光管固定块1231和第二导光管固定块1232配对使用,用于夹持导光管160和配光镜220。
当第一模具110运动至与第二模具120相重合的位置时,激光发射器发射出激光,激光经过光纤组的传输,照射在导光管160上,导光管160对照射进来的激光进行整形聚焦处理,使得激光穿过配光镜220聚焦在灯体210的焊接筋上,灯体210的焊接筋被熔融,从而使得灯体210与配光镜220同步融合在一起。其中,所谓聚焦在灯体210的焊接筋上指的是经过导光管160处理过的激光照射在灯体210上时,激光的照射光圈正好与灯体210上的焊接筋重合,也就是说,每一束激光的能量都汇聚到灯体210的焊接筋上,没有任何的激光能量的浪费。
气缸150对于第一模具110的驱动力是可调节的,通过调节气缸150的驱动力,可以调节第一模具110和第二模具120在重合时的重合压力。并且,激光发射器的能量也是可调节的。因此,本实施例的激光同步焊接设备通过调节激光发射器的能量,以及气缸150的驱动力,可以将焊接所形成的飞边的高(H)和宽(W)控制在0.4mm以内。
此外,第一模具110和第二模具120都是可以依据于汽车车灯的种类的制造的,因此,本实施例的激光同步焊接设备不会受到汽车车灯形状和型号的影响。
需要说明的是,为了突出本发明的创新部分,实施例中并没有将与解决本发明所提出的技术问题关系不太密切的部件引入,但这并不表明本实施例中不存在其它的部件。
综上所述,本发明的用于焊接汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜的激光同步焊接设备,可以根据不同汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜而进行模具的生成,因此,本发明的激光同步焊接设备适用范围更加广泛;本发明采用多束激光对整个车灯的灯体和配光镜进行同时焊接,焊接时间短,速度快;本发明还增加了导光管,将多束激光的能量焦点垂直汇聚在焊点的表面,最大限度的利用了激光的能量,节省了能源;本发明采用的是激光焊接,能耗低,成本低,没有焊渣,没有粉末性飞边,且飞边的高和宽的范围为:0<H<0.4mm、0<W<0.4mm。所以,本发明有效克服了现有技术中的种种缺点而具高度产业利用价值。
上述实施例仅例示性说明本发明的原理及其功效,而非用于限制本发明。任何熟悉此技术的人士皆可在不违背本发明的精神及范畴下,对上述实施例进行修饰或改变。因此,举凡所属技术领域中具有通常知识者在未脱离本发明所揭示的精神与技术思想下所完成的一切等效修饰或改变,仍应由本发明的权利要求所涵盖。
Claims (9)
1.一种激光同步焊接设备,用于焊接汽车车灯的灯体和配光镜;其特征在于,所述激光同步焊接设备包括:第一模具、第二模具、激光发射器和导光管;
所述激光发射器与光纤组相连,用于同时提供多束激光;
所述第一模具被用于放置所述灯体,且适于相对所述第二模具上下移动;
所述第二模具被用于放置所述配光镜;所述第二模具在对应于所述配光镜的焊接位置处均匀设置有多个光纤固定孔,所述光纤组的每一根光纤分别接入到所述光纤固定孔中;
所述导光管位于所述第二模具内,横穿过所有所述光纤固定孔,激光通过光纤的传输后照射到所述导光管上;所述导光管用于对照射进来的激光进行处理,使得当所述第一模具运动至与所述第二模具相重合的位置时,经过所述导光管整形的激光穿过所述配光镜聚焦在所述灯体的焊接筋上,所述灯体的焊接筋被熔融,使得所述灯体与所述配光镜融合在一起。
2.根据权利要求1所述的激光同步焊接设备,其特征在于:所述第一模具是依据所述灯体而制造的;所述第二模具是依据所述配光镜而制造的。
3.根据权利要求1所述的激光同步焊接设备,其特征在于:多个所述光纤固定孔的设置与所述激光发射器发射的激光相关。
4.根据权利要求3所述的激光同步焊接设备,其特征在于:相邻的所述光纤固定孔的间距为相邻光纤传输的激光头互不干扰的最小距离。
5.根据权利要求1所述的激光同步焊接设备,其特征在于:所述第二模具包括激光固定块和两个导光管固定块;多个所述光纤固定孔是由所述激光固定块和两个所述导光管固定块共同形成;所述激光固定块位于所述导光管固定块的顶部;所述激光固定块和其对应的所述导光管固定块固定连接在一起;
所述激光固定块用于固定光纤;
两个所述导光管固定块配对使用,用于夹持住所述导光管和所述配光镜。
6.根据权利要求1所述的激光同步焊接设备,其特征在于:所述激光同步焊接设备还包括机架,所述第二模具固定安装在所述机架的上部;所述第一模具可上下移动地安装在所述机架的下部。
7.根据权利要求6所述的激光同步焊接设备,其特征在于:所述第一模具是通过安装在所述机架上的气缸驱动而上下移动的。
8.根据权利要求7所述的激光同步焊接设备,其特征在于:所述气缸的驱动力和所述激光发射器的能量是可调节的;调节所述气缸的驱动力和所述激光发射器的能量,使得激光同步焊接所形成的飞边的高和宽在0.4mm内。
9.根据权利要求7所述的激光同步焊接设备,其特征在于:所述第一模具是安装在升降板上的,所述升降板的底部与所述气缸固定连接在一起;所述气缸通过所述升降板带动所述第一模具相对于所述第二模具上下移动。
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