CN104965258B - The star coupler and its method to set up that a kind of power evenly distributes - Google Patents
The star coupler and its method to set up that a kind of power evenly distributes Download PDFInfo
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- CN104965258B CN104965258B CN201510433977.7A CN201510433977A CN104965258B CN 104965258 B CN104965258 B CN 104965258B CN 201510433977 A CN201510433977 A CN 201510433977A CN 104965258 B CN104965258 B CN 104965258B
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- fiber waveguide
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
- G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
- G02B6/125—Bends, branchings or intersections
Abstract
The star coupler and its method to set up evenly distributed the invention discloses a kind of power, the star coupler includes the N × N number of fiber waveguide input of setting on the silicon die and fiber waveguide output end, the fiber waveguide input are symmetrical with both axis with fiber waveguide output end；Spacing between the fiber waveguide input and waveguide open area is 0.5 2 microns, and the middle light output point of the fiber waveguide input to the distance of the middle end of fiber waveguide output end is 2 3mm；The fiber waveguide input is α W with the fiber waveguide free propagation region port width that fiber waveguide output end is connected with free propagation region；By being adjusted to the distance between the waveguide input in star-type coupler and waveguide output end parameter, so that through waveguide open area light be in sinc function formal distribution, so as to obtain the light of rectangular distribution in waveguide output end, evenly distributing for power is completed.
Description
Technical field
The star coupler and its method to set up evenly distributed the present invention relates to a kind of power.
Background technology
Most attractive optical network structure be high speed based on passive block N × N star couplers, it is extensive,
Multiple access optical-fiber network.We represent the number of optical channel using N herein.In such optical network structure, star coupler rises
The function of the component power distribution to multiple access[1].The array for 3 db couplers being connected with each other is used as a star
Shape couples[2].However, when N is very big, the complexity and light loss of manufacture can allow people to hang back.Dragnoe et al.[3]Carry
A kind of simpler integrated optics star-type coupler is gone out including being used for the array for separating channel waveguide by a radiation areas, such as
Shown in Fig. 1.The structure maintains compact chip size, while the number of channel can be very big, but power be present not
Evenly distributing, this is due to diffraction pattern all approximate Gaussian shape of the light from any one waveguide at Free propagation area (FPR),
As shown in Figure 3.
The problem of in order to overcome power distribution inhomogeneities, people can increase receive outer waveguide hole width [4], such as Fig. 4
It is shown.However, this method may only use in the star-type coupler of single direction, the star coupling of single direction is star
The input of shape coupler and outlet side are fixed.
Another method is to utilize the directional couple parallel waveguide end one special light of kind of formation in input array to spread out
Penetrate characteristic field distribution figure.Okamoto et al.[5]It first reported their numerical simulation diffraction patterns in this case.It
The design of two-way star-type coupler can be used in.The shape of waveguide in input array needs particular design, to obtain this spy
Different optical diffraction characteristic field distribution figure.Therefore, the star-type coupler of this design changes very sensitive, machining accuracy to manufacture
It is it is required that very high.
The content of the invention
The problem of present invention is in order to overcome the power distribution of star-type coupler in the prior art uneven, it is proposed that Yi Zhonggong
The star coupler and its method to set up that rate evenly distributes, by the waveguide input and waveguide output end in star-type coupler
The distance between parameter be adjusted so that the light through waveguide open area is in the formal distribution of sinc function, so as in ripple
Lead output end and obtain the light of rectangular distribution, complete evenly distributing for power.
The star coupler that a kind of power evenly distributes, including set N × N number of fiber waveguide input on the silicon die with
Fiber waveguide output end, the fiber waveguide input are symmetrical with both axis with fiber waveguide output end；
Spacing between the fiber waveguide input and waveguide open area is 0.5-2 microns, the fiber waveguide input
Middle light output point to the distance of the middle end of fiber waveguide output end be 2-3mm；
During using software emulation, in order to obtain the more preferable spectrum of rectangular distributed effect in waveguide open area,
The middle light output point of fiber waveguide input is adjusted to the distance of the middle end of fiber waveguide output end, adjustment ginseng
Number is Lf, i.e., the middle light output point O of fiber waveguide input is moved along horizontal central line to the right, LfSpan be
0.1-0.2mm。
The fiber waveguide free propagation region that the fiber waveguide input is connected with fiber waveguide output end with free propagation region
Port width is α W, wherein, W is fiber waveguide width, and α is fiber waveguide in free propagation region port width and fiber waveguide width
Ratio；
The width of the fiber waveguide output end connects since the free propagation region port of star coupler along fiber waveguide
Direction is gradually widened, and until the width of fiber waveguide output end reaches fiber waveguide width, the development length gradually widened is Lt,
Lt span is 2-3mm.
3-4 virtual fiber waveguides are set respectively in fiber waveguide output end both sides.
A kind of method to set up for the star coupler that power evenly distributes, by the setting of following steps, fiber waveguide is certainly
It is distributed by the light of propagation regions input port in sinc function, so as to the light obtained in fiber waveguide in free propagation region output end
Rectangular distribution, complete to evenly distribute power, comprise the following steps that：
Step 1：Spacing between fiber waveguide input and waveguide open area is arranged to 5-8 microns；
Step 2：By the middle light output point of fiber waveguide input between the middle end of fiber waveguide output end
Distance is arranged to 2-3mm；
Step 3：The fiber waveguide Free propagation that fiber waveguide input is connected with fiber waveguide output end with free propagation region
Region port width is arranged to α W, wherein, W is fiber waveguide width, and α is fiber waveguide free propagation region port width and fiber waveguide
The ratio of width；
Step 4：By the width of fiber waveguide output end since fiber waveguide free propagation region port along fiber waveguide connection side
To gradually widening, until the width of fiber waveguide output end reaches fiber waveguide width, the development length gradually widened is Lt, Lt
Span be 2-3mm.
Sinc functions, also known as sinc function, represented with sinc (x).Also Sa functions are denoted as, are represented with Sa (x).Frequency domain it
Shape as a rectangular function.
Beneficial effect
The present invention proposes star coupler and its method to set up that a kind of power evenly distributes, and the star coupler includes
N × N number of fiber waveguide input on the silicon die and fiber waveguide output end are set, and the fiber waveguide input exports with fiber waveguide
End is symmetrical with both axis；Spacing between the fiber waveguide input and waveguide open area is 0.5-2 microns,
The middle light output point of the fiber waveguide input to the distance of the middle end of fiber waveguide output end be 2-3mm；It is described
Fiber waveguide input is α W with the fiber waveguide free propagation region port width that fiber waveguide output end is connected with free propagation region,
Wherein, W is fiber waveguide width, and α is fiber waveguide in free propagation region port width and the ratio of fiber waveguide width；The light wave
The width for leading output end is gradually widened since the free propagation region port of star coupler along fiber waveguide closure, until
The width of fiber waveguide output end reaches fiber waveguide width, and the development length gradually widened is Lt, and Lt span is 2-
3mm。
By being adjusted to the distance between the waveguide input in star-type coupler and waveguide output end parameter so that
Light through waveguide open area is in the formal distribution of sinc function, so as to obtain the light of rectangular distribution in waveguide output end,
Complete evenly distributing for power.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of 5 × 9 star-type couplers；
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of N × N star-type coupler, wherein, FPR represents Free propagation area, and WOR represents waveguide
Open zone；
Fig. 3 is that diffraction pattern of the light in Free propagation area is in gaussian-shape distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of 1 × 16 optical power fluctuation star-type coupler；
Fig. 5 is star coupler structural representation of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is sinc function distribution schematic diagram；
Fig. 7 is in the rectangular spread-spectrum schematic diagram of free propagation region.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with drawings and examples, the present invention is described further.
As shown in figure 5, the star coupler that a kind of power evenly distributes, including N × N number of light wave on the silicon die is set
Input and fiber waveguide output end are led, the fiber waveguide input is symmetrical with both axis with fiber waveguide output end；
The coupler is the further improvement made in existing star coupler, and star coupler of the prior art is such as
Shown in Fig. 2；
Spacing between the fiber waveguide input and waveguide open area is 0.5-2 microns, the fiber waveguide input
Middle light output point to the distance of the middle end of fiber waveguide output end be 2-3mm；
During using software emulation, in order to obtain the more preferable spectrum of rectangular distributed effect in waveguide open area,
The middle light output point of fiber waveguide input is adjusted to the distance of the middle end of fiber waveguide output end, adjustment ginseng
Number is Lf, i.e., the middle light output point O of fiber waveguide input is moved along horizontal central line to the right, LfSpan be
0.1-0.2mm。
The fiber waveguide free propagation region that the fiber waveguide input is connected with fiber waveguide output end with free propagation region
Port width is α W, wherein, W is fiber waveguide width, and α is fiber waveguide in free propagation region port width and fiber waveguide width
Ratio；
The width of the fiber waveguide output end connects since the free propagation region port of star coupler along fiber waveguide
Direction is gradually widened, and until the width of fiber waveguide output end reaches fiber waveguide width, the development length gradually widened is Lt,
Lt span is 2-3mm.
3-4 virtual fiber waveguides are set respectively in fiber waveguide output end both sides.
A kind of method to set up for the star coupler that power evenly distributes, by the setting of following steps, fiber waveguide is certainly
It is distributed by the light of propagation regions input port in sinc function, so as to the light obtained in fiber waveguide in free propagation region output end
Rectangular distribution, complete to evenly distribute power, comprise the following steps that：
Step 1：Spacing between fiber waveguide input and waveguide open area is arranged to 0.5-2 microns；
Step 2：By the middle light output point of fiber waveguide input between the middle end of fiber waveguide output end
Distance Rs is arranged to 2-3mm；
Step 3：The fiber waveguide Free propagation that fiber waveguide input is connected with fiber waveguide output end with free propagation region
Region port width is arranged to α W, wherein, W is fiber waveguide width, and α is fiber waveguide free propagation region port width and fiber waveguide
The ratio of width；
Step 4：By the width of fiber waveguide output end since fiber waveguide free propagation region port along fiber waveguide connection side
To gradually widening, until the width of fiber waveguide output end reaches fiber waveguide width, the development length gradually widened is Lt, Lt
Span be 2-3mm.
Sinc functions, also known as sinc function, represented with sinc (x).Also Sa functions are denoted as, are represented with Sa (x).Frequency domain it
Shape as a rectangular function.
In this example, star coupler uses silicon materials, and parameter used is θ=0.2 °, Rs=2.1mm, Lf=
0.1mm, Lt=2mm, α=0.6, W=4.5um.
By being adjusted to the distance between the waveguide input in star-type coupler and waveguide output end parameter so that
Light through waveguide open area is in the formal distribution of sinc function, as shown in fig. 6, rectangular so as to be obtained in waveguide output end
The spectrum of distribution, as shown in fig. 7, completing evenly distributing for power.
Bibliography：
[1]H.A.Presby,S.Yang,A.E.Willner,and C.A.Edwards,"Connectorized
integrated star couplers on silicon,"Optical Eng.,vol.31,pp1323-1327,1992.
[2]D.B.Mortimore,“Low-loss 8x8single-mode star coupler,”
Electron.Lett.,vol.21,pp.502-504,1985.
[3]C.Dragone,C.H Henry,I.P.Kaminow,and R.C.Kistler,“Efficent
multichannel integrated optic star coupler on silicon,”IEEE
photon.Technol.Lett.Vol.1,pp.242-243,1989.
[4]M.Zirngibl,C.Dragnoe,C.H Joyer,M Kuznetsov,and U.Koren,“Efficient
1x16 optical power splitter based on InP,”Electron.Lett.,vol.28,pp.1212-1213,
1992.
[5]K.Okamoto,H.Takahashi,S.Suzuki,A.Sugita,and Y.Ohmori,“Design and
fabrication of integrated-optic 8 3 8 star coupler,”Electron.Lett.27,774–775,
1991.
Claims (3)
1. the star coupler that a kind of power evenly distributes, including N × N number of fiber waveguide input and light on the silicon die are set
Waveguide output end, it is characterised in that the fiber waveguide input is symmetrical with both axis with fiber waveguide output end；
Spacing between the fiber waveguide input and waveguide open area is 0.5-2 microns, and the fiber waveguide input is just
Middle light output point to the distance of the middle end of fiber waveguide output end be 2-3mm；
The fiber waveguide free propagation region port that the fiber waveguide input is connected with fiber waveguide output end with free propagation region
Width is α W, wherein, W is fiber waveguide width, and α is fiber waveguide in free propagation region port width and the ratio of fiber waveguide width
Value；
The width of the fiber waveguide output end is since the free propagation region port of star coupler along fiber waveguide closure
Gradually widen, until the width of fiber waveguide output end reaches fiber waveguide width, the development length gradually widened is Lt, Lt's
Span is 2-3mm.
2. the star coupler that a kind of power according to claim 1 evenly distributes, it is characterised in that exported in fiber waveguide
End both sides set 3-4 virtual fiber waveguides respectively.
3. the method to set up for the star coupler that a kind of power evenly distributes, it is characterised in that pass through the setting of following steps, light
Waveguide is distributed in the light of free propagation region input port in sinc function, so that in fiber waveguide in free propagation region output end
The rectangular distribution of light of acquisition, completes to evenly distribute power, comprises the following steps that：
Step 1：Spacing between fiber waveguide input and waveguide open area is arranged to 0.5-2 microns；
Step 2：By the distance between middle light output point of fiber waveguide input to the middle end of fiber waveguide output end
It is arranged to 2-3mm；
Step 3：The fiber waveguide free propagation region that fiber waveguide input is connected with fiber waveguide output end with free propagation region
Port width is arranged to α W, wherein, W is fiber waveguide width, and α is fiber waveguide free propagation region port width and fiber waveguide width
Ratio；
Step 4：By the width of fiber waveguide output end since fiber waveguide free propagation region port along fiber waveguide closure by
Gradually widen, until the width of fiber waveguide output end reaches fiber waveguide width, the development length gradually widened is Lt, and Lt's takes
Value scope is 2-3mm.
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Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5706377A (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-06 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Wavelength routing device having wide and flat passbands |
| CN1431530A (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2003-07-23 | 浙江大学 | Multi-mode interference coupler based on ridge type light wave guide |
| CN102209922A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2011-10-05 | 阿尔卡特朗讯美国公司 | Method and apparatus for a substantially wavelength insensitive hybrid device |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2005266381A (en) * | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-29 | Nec Corp | Waveguide type optical splitter and waveguide type optical module having the same |
| CN101311759A (en) * | 2007-05-25 | 2008-11-26 | Jds尤尼弗思公司 | Adiabatic waveguide transitions |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5706377A (en) * | 1996-07-17 | 1998-01-06 | Lucent Technologies Inc. | Wavelength routing device having wide and flat passbands |
| CN1431530A (en) * | 2003-01-13 | 2003-07-23 | 浙江大学 | Multi-mode interference coupler based on ridge type light wave guide |
| CN102209922A (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2011-10-05 | 阿尔卡特朗讯美国公司 | Method and apparatus for a substantially wavelength insensitive hybrid device |
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