CN104961775B - 一种双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体及其制备方法 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体及其制备方法。双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的化学结构式如下式I所示:上述双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法为1,1'‑双醛二茂铁与1‑甲氧基‑1‑(三甲基硅氧基)‑2‑甲基‑1‑丙烯在碘化镁乙醚络合物作为催化剂条件下反应制得所述双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。本发明制备的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体可以应用于导电材料的制备。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于精细化学品技术领域,涉及双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体,以及双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法。
背景技术
二茂铁衍生物具有其独特的光、电性能,在工业制造中应用广泛。一方面由于结构中二茂铁的存在,具有明显的紫外-可见光的吸收特征;另一方面,通过一些可聚合基团的修饰,可以制备含二茂铁的聚合物材料,这些含铁杂化高分子材料在功能材料领域得到广泛研究和应用。科研工作者专注于各种可聚合二茂铁衍生物的合成,主要包括可链式聚合单体与可逐步聚合单体,其中可逐步聚合单体的商品化产品是双羧基、双羟基、双氨基等双官能团二茂铁化合物。
含双羧基的或酯化的双羧基二茂铁化合物,通过逐步聚合工艺,是合成含二茂铁聚酯的重要原料,按照羧基和二茂铁之间的连接的碳的个数(包含羧基的一个碳)可以分成一碳、二碳,三碳或多碳连接。据我们所知,目前一碳二茂铁的唯一商业化产品是双羧基二茂铁。
含羧基的三碳二茂铁也是一直为科研人员探索的重要化合物。最早是通过Friedel-Crafts酰化二茂铁,或者乙酰基二茂铁经NaNH2催化,分别制备得到含羰基的三碳二茂铁酯,进一步PtO2催化去羰基,得到含酯基的三碳二茂铁,很显然该方法原料来源有限,制取条件苛刻,双取代产率很低,导致其只适合实验室小量制备;最近典型的Witt ig-Horner反应合成路线开拓了三碳酯的制备,但是该路线存在原料价格昂贵,需要贵金属催化剂催化加氢的问题。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题是提供一种双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。
本发明解决上述技术问题的技术方案如下:一种双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体,化学结构式如下所示:
本发明还提供如上所述双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,1,1'-双醛二茂铁与1-甲氧基-1-(三甲基硅氧基)-2-甲基-1-丙烯在碘化镁乙醚络合物作为催化剂条件下反应制得所述双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。
如上所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法中,进一步,1,1'-双醛二茂铁与1-甲氧基-1-(三甲基硅氧基)-2-甲基-1-丙烯的摩尔比为1.0:2.0~3.0。1,1'-双醛二茂铁与碘化镁乙醚络合物(MgI2·(OEt2)n)的摩尔比为1.0:0.02~0.2。
如上所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,具体包括以下步骤:
步骤1,在无水氮气氛围中,室温下将1,1'-双醛二茂铁和1-甲氧基-1-(三甲基硅氧基)-2-甲基-1-丙烯溶于有机溶剂获得反应原料;
步骤2,向步骤1的反应原料加入碘化镁乙醚络合物进行反应,反应完成后加入淬灭剂获得反应产物;
步骤3,对反应产物进行后处理获得双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。
对反应产物进行后处理的过程为:从反应产物中分离出有几层,除去挥发性溶剂获得粗产物;然后对粗产物进行梯度淋洗获得双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。
所述梯度淋洗是以200~300目硅胶或氧化铝为载体,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂进行;得到第一馏分即为双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。
如上所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,优选地,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷。
如上所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,优选地,所述淬灭剂为NaHCO3。
本发明的有益效果是:本发明将二茂铁双醛和甲硅烷基烯酮缩醛混合,混合物在碘化镁乙醚络合物的催化下加成,然后水解制得甲硅氧基取代的三碳酯二茂铁。与已报道类似结构的三碳酯二茂铁合成方法相比,具有原料来源广泛、原料价格低廉,制备简单易行,更加环保,无需贵金属催化剂的优点。本发明的化合物进一步后缩聚可以制备主链含二茂铁的聚酯材料。
本发明双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体具有广泛的应用。一方面,含双羧基官能团二茂铁化合物,可以通过溶液缩聚或界面缩聚,直接用于聚酯的制备(参见文献:林展如;Gonsalves,K.[J].高等学校化学学报1988,9(7),755-757.);将羧基酯化后,用氢化铝锂还原,可以直接合成最常见的含羟基二茂铁基化合物(参见文献:Claus,R.;Lewtak,J.P.;Muller,T.J.;Swarts,J.C.[J].J.Organomet.Chem.2013,740,61-69.);另一方面,将羧基酯化后的二茂铁化合物作为一种双官能团单体,类似产业化聚酯的酯交换反应,制备出新型主链含二茂铁的聚酯材料。例如德国的Zental等人,采用Friedel-Crafts酰化二茂铁,制备得到酯基的四碳二茂铁单体,采用钛酸四异丙酯作为催化剂,酯交换缩聚得到新型主链含二茂铁聚酯,这些含二茂铁的聚酯表现出独特的电性能,其合成路线分别如下式所示。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1制备的1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁在CDCl3中的13C核磁共振图谱。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的原理和特征进行描述,所举实例只用于解释本发明,并非用于限定本发明的范围。
实施例1
用100.0mL无水二氯甲烷溶解6.684g双醛二茂铁(27.6mmol)和11.8mL1-甲氧基-1-(三甲基硅氧基)-2-甲基-1-丙烯(55.3mmol)于250mL的干燥Schlenk瓶,在干燥氮气的保护下,快速滴加0.768g MgI2(2.8mmol)的50.0mL乙醚溶液,室温搅拌6.0小时后,滴加10.0mL饱和NaHCO3淬灭,分离得到底部有机层,除去挥发性溶剂并真空干燥,进一步以200目~300目硅胶为载体,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂梯度淋洗,得到第一馏分5.929g 1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁,产率为38.3%。其化学结构为:
参见附图1,它们分别是本实施例制备的化合物(1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁)的13C核磁共振图谱(300MHz,CDCl3,ppm)。本实施例制备化合物(1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁)的1H核磁共振图谱(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm)数据为:化学位移δ=4.23~3.93(α),对应于-CH-C5H4FeC5H4-CH-;δ=3.68(β),对应于-COOCH3;δ=1.79~0.87(γ),对应于-C(CH3)-C(=O)-;δ=0.25~0.09(δ),对应于-OSi(CH3)3。图1中,化学位移δ=177.73~177.65(α),对应于-COOCH3;δ=90.84(β)和68.62~67.53(γ),对应于-C5H4FeC5H4-;δ=66.19(δ),对应于-CH-C5H4FeC5H4-CH-;δ=51.75(ε),对应于-C(=O)OCH3;δ=49.85(ζ),对应于-C(CH3)2-COOCH3;δ=21.20~20.90(η),对应于-C(CH3)2-COOCH3;δ=3.06~1.25(θ),对应于-OSi(CH3)3。离子化结构分子式C25H37FeO5Si的计算分子量值为:501.1760,测得高分辨质谱(m/z)的[M]+值为:501.1749。由此可见,通过本发明技术方案的实施成功制得了1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁。
进一步对1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁单体进行氮气氛围下的热重分析,测试表明单体起始分解温度为190.1℃,说明该单体具有很好的热稳定性。
实施例2
用100.0mL无水二氯甲烷溶解6.873g双醛二茂铁(28.4mmol)和18.2mL1-甲氧基-1-(三甲基硅氧基)-2-甲基-1-丙烯(85.2mmol)于250mL的干燥Schlenk瓶,在干燥氮气的保护下,快速滴加1.580g MgI2(5.7mmol)的50.0mL乙醚溶液,室温搅拌6.0小时后,滴加10.0mL饱和NaHCO3淬灭,分离得到底部有机层,除去挥发性溶剂并真空干燥,进一步以200目~300目硅胶为载体,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂梯度淋洗,得到第一馏分7.060g 1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁,产率为42.1%。
本实施例制备的化合物(1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁)的1H核磁共振图谱(400MHz,CDCl3,ppm)和13C核磁共振图谱(300MHz,CDCl3,ppm)数据与实施例1一致。
进一步对1,1'-双(2-甲氧基羰酰-2-甲基-1-三甲基硅氧基-丙基)二茂铁单体进行氮气氛围下的热重分析,测试表明单体起始分解温度为190.1℃,说明该单体具有很好的热稳定性。
以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例,并不用以限制本发明,凡在本发明的精神和原则之内,所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等,均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。
Claims (6)
1.一种双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,所述双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的化学结构式如下所示:
1,1'-双醛二茂铁与1-甲氧基-1-(三甲基硅氧基)-2-甲基-1-丙烯在碘化镁乙醚络合物作为催化剂条件下反应制得所述双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体;
1,1'-双醛二茂铁与1-甲氧基-1-(三甲基硅氧基)-2-甲基-1-丙烯的摩尔比为1.0:2.0~3.0;1,1’-双醛二茂铁与碘化镁乙醚络合物的摩尔比为1.0:0.02~0.2。
2.根据权利要求1所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
步骤1,在无水氮气氛围中,室温下将1,1’-双醛二茂铁和1-甲氧基-1-(三甲基硅氧基)-2-甲基-1-丙烯溶于有机溶剂获得反应原料;
步骤2,向步骤1的反应原料加入碘化镁乙醚络合物进行反应,反应完成后加入淬灭剂获得反应产物;
步骤3,对反应产物进行后处理获得双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。
3.根据权利要求2所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,其特征在于,对反应产物进行后处理的过程为:将反应产物分层,除去挥发性溶剂获得粗产物;然后对粗产物进行梯度淋洗获得双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。
4.根据权利要求3所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述梯度淋洗是以200~300目硅胶或氧化铝为载体,以石油醚和乙酸乙酯为洗脱剂进行;得到第一馏分即为双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体。
5.根据权利要求2所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述有机溶剂为二氯甲烷。
6.根据权利要求2所述的双甲硅氧基三碳酯二茂铁单体的制备方法,其特征在于,所述淬灭剂为NaHCO3。
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