CN104956803A - Ecological restoration method for geological collapse area - Google Patents
Ecological restoration method for geological collapse area Download PDFInfo
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- CN104956803A CN104956803A CN201510305071.7A CN201510305071A CN104956803A CN 104956803 A CN104956803 A CN 104956803A CN 201510305071 A CN201510305071 A CN 201510305071A CN 104956803 A CN104956803 A CN 104956803A
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Abstract
The invention provides an ecological restoration method for a geological collapse area. The ecological restoration method comprises the following steps that gangue is employed as fillers to fill into a collapse area and then the area is flattened by a bulldozer; the gangue layer is solidly pressed by a road roller; a soil coating layer is paved on the gangue layer; the soil coating layer is formed by 30 to 60wt% of sludge, 30 to 50wt% of gangue and 10 to 30wt% of coal ash; surface soil layer with thickness of 0.3 to 0.5cm is paved on the soil coating layer; the surface soil layer is formed by loess, coal ash, sludge, ureaformaldehyde, bacterial manure and polyacrylamide with proper proportions; and at last, Chinese pines, Populus davidiana and leguminosae trees are mixedly planted on the surface soil layer. By the use of the method, productivity of reconstructed soil can be restored and enhanced in short time, soil environment quality can be improved and soil ecological system can be restored; and the method is simple and easy to operate.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method of geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem.More particularly, the present invention relates to the method ecotope of geology subsidence area especially Subsidence Land in Coal Mining Area to excellent restore funcitons.
Background technology
Geology is subsided and is referred to that in earth's surface rock, body, the downward dislocation in top, cave is caved under artificial or natural geofactor effect, forms a kind of geological phenomenon of Collapse Pit, the hole that subsides, the groove that subsides.Wherein, the soil and environmental destruction that especially cause owing to digging up mine, have a large capacity and a wide range, and situation is more and more severe.Coal mining is mainly manifested on the destruction to water resource and surface infrastructure the impact of natural environment, consequently makes surface subsidence and subterranean water level in certain limit change.Subside and not only destroy surface configuration, destroy numerous farmland, simultaneously also spoiled soil structure, cause some areas soil salinization, fertility declines, and cannot cultivate, again or form permanent or batch (-type) ponding.
But the Subsidence Land in Coal Mining Area of China is still in the substantially untapped stage.According to relevant department's estimation, its utilization rate is less than 5%, in today of urbanization high speed development, in the face of city development land used problem in short supply, is how that we at present should urgent problem by mining collapse area ecological recovery, recycling.
Summary of the invention
As the result of various extensive and careful research and experiment, the present inventor has been found that, in the restoration of the ecosystem process of geology subsidence area, utilize the coal made by waste spoil of the discharge in coal mining and process as charges, and on the basis of gangue and flyash, add the mud of proper ratio, carrying out that improvement that loess, microorganism fungus kind carry out matrix soil can ensure scientific and efficient revegetation work.Based on this discovery, complete the present invention.
An object of the present invention is to solve at least the problems referred to above and/or defect, and the advantage will illustrated at least is below provided.
A further object of the invention is the method by the restoration of the ecosystem of geology subsidence area, carries out the improvement of subsidence area soil, the selection of good plant and revegetation efficiently, to obtain the foundation of the more stable ecological balance and better vegetal cover effect.
In order to realize according to these objects of the present invention and other advantage, provide a kind of method of geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem, it comprises the steps:
Step one: using gangue as backfill filling subsidence area, then be bulldozed with bulldozer, road roller compacting, obtain the bastard coal rock layers of good airproof performance, form funnel or the loss of table soil owing to oozing under precipitation after causing gangue spontaneous combustion and earthing in order to avoid ventilative, the recycling of discarded object gangue had both met the needs that subsidence area is repaired, and can eliminate again its pollution to soil and ecotope;
Step 2: bedding a layer thickness is the overburden layer of 0.5 ~ 1m above described bastard coal rock layers, wherein said overburden layer comprises the mud of 30 ~ 60wt%, the gangue of 30 ~ 50wt% and the flyash of 10 ~ 30wt%, the utilization wherein with the mud of mobility can cram the space because top layer spoil weathering causes, improve water retention property and the fertility of overburden layer, and a mud inherently abundant source, microorganism storehouse, subsidence area microorganism system can be made better to set up, promote the efficiency of Nutrient Transformation, interpolation in addition containing Macro and microelements flyash can strengthen microbial activity and the ability promoting Nutrient Transformation further, thus effectively improve the land occupation condition of plant.
Step 3: bedding thickness is the topsoil of 0.3 ~ 0.5m on described overburden layer, wherein said topsoil comprises the polyacrylamide of the loess of 40 ~ 60wt%, the flyash of 15 ~ 30wt%, the mud of 20 ~ 30wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.3 ~ 0.5wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.5 ~ 0.8wt% and 0.4 ~ 0.6wt%;
Step 4: on described topsoil, Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes are planted in the mode of mixed friendship in the ranks, wherein Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes mix the ratio of friendship and are: 0.5 ~ 1.5: 1 ~ 3: 2 ~ 8, wherein leguminous plant is the preferred seeds carrying out revegetation under lack of water and barren discarded ground environment, its dry branches and fallen leaves effectively can increase the accumulation of Nitrogen In Soils element, and can provide extra nitrogen element for the growth of other seeds in mixed forest; In addition the Chinese pine of different growth rate, aspen and Tree Legumes carry out method that mongrel plants and effectively can alleviate single Tree Legumes and plant single-minded absorption to soil nutrient elements, prevent the decline of soil productivity, promote growth to each other.
Preferably, wherein, the gangue in step one, particle diameter being greater than 15mm is filled in the lower floor of subsidence area, gangue particle diameter being less than 3mm is filled in overhead nearer space, subsidence area, the degree of depth according to subsidence area depression carries out primary dcreening operation to gangue, and build is comparatively large, and dysgeogenous gangue is filled out below, by stone, the gangue of less and easy-weathering degraded is filled in upper strata, and carries out compaction in layers to improve the effect of Reclamation by filling.
Preferably, wherein, described microbial-bacterial fertilizer comprises azotobacter, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria, the use of azotobacter can increase the sources of nitrogen in soil, phosphorus decomposing and potassium decomposing active bacteria can by the decomposition of the mineral phosphorus of indissoluble in loess and mud, potassium out, thus make up the deficiency brought owing to using nitrogen, phosphorus, gangue that the equal content of potassium is on the low side and flyash.
Preferably; wherein; the molecular weight of described polyacrylamide is 600 ~ 8,000,000 dalton (Da); polyacrylamide is as a kind of high molecular polymer, and it forms the effect of catch net comparatively by force in the bridged bond effect disperseed between fine particle and soil with at soil granular outer surface, and its molecular weight is higher; the ability of its water and soil conservation is also stronger; but molecular weight can not be too high, otherwise its diffusion in soil layer and convection current can be affected, affect the degree of depth of soil layer improvement.
Preferably, wherein, the ion degree of described polyacrylamide is 32 ~ 35%, and the ion degree of polyacrylamide can not be too high, otherwise can cause the mutual repulsion between polymer molecule, reduces grogs to its absorption.
Preferably, wherein, described Tree Legumes is selected from one or more in locust tree, shrubby flase indigo, cassia siamea, yellow wingceltis, principal columns of a hall tree, erythrina indica, black chaste tree.
Preferably, wherein, the described mixed line-spacing handed in the ranks is 2 ~ 3m, in described step 4, the spacing in the rows of Chinese pine is 1.2 ~ 1.8m, the spacing in the rows of aspen is 1.5 ~ 2.2m, the spacing in the rows of Tree Legumes is 1.0 ~ 1.5m, be not that planting density is higher, tree growth is better, determines the distance between rows and hills of mixed forest according to the biological property of Chinese pine, aspen and Tree Legumes.
The present invention at least comprises following beneficial effect:
(1) according to the degree of depth of subsidence area depression, primary dcreening operation is carried out to gangue, then slicing and filling is carried out according to the build size of gangue and easy-weathering degree, compaction in layers, both ensure that the effect of Reclamation by filling, turn eliminated discarded object gangue occupying and polluting soil;
(2) overburden layer is made up of mud, gangue and flyash, mud can cram the space because top layer spoil weathering causes, interpolation containing Macro and microelements flyash can strengthen microbial activity and the ability promoting Nutrient Transformation further, thus ensure that water retention property and the fertility of overburden layer;
(3) azotobacter, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria is contained in topsoil, the interpolation of microbial-bacterial fertilizer, add the source of nitrogen, improve the utilization of available phosphorus, potassium in soil, compensate for the deficiency brought owing to using nitrogen, phosphorus, gangue that the equal content of potassium is on the low side and flyash;
(4) use of water-loss reducer polyacrylamide adds the intergranular cohesiveness of upper soll layer, has maintained good soil structure, enhances moisture capacity and the nutrient preserving capability of soil, improves the ability of subsidence area vegetation ecological environment restoration;
(5) the mixed plantation of handing in the ranks of the Chinese pine of proper density, aspen, Tree Legumes effectively alleviates the single-minded absorption of single Tree Legumes plantation to soil nutrient elements, prevent the decline of soil productivity, and the litter that mixed forest is enriched further increases the fertility of soil, facilitate the growth of forest;
(6) the present invention can recover and improve the productivity of reconstruct soil in the short period of time, improves soil environment quality, recovers soil ecosystem, and method is simple, is easy to operation and realizes.
Part is embodied by explanation below by other advantage of the present invention, target and feature, part also will by research and practice of the present invention by those skilled in the art is understood.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, can implement according to this with reference to specification word to make those skilled in the art.
Should be appreciated that used hereinly such as " to have ", other element one or more do not allotted in " comprising " and " comprising " term or the existence of its combination or interpolation.
< example 1>
A method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem, it comprises the steps:
Step one: using gangue as backfill filling subsidence area, the gangue wherein particle diameter being greater than 15mm is filled in the lower floor of subsidence area, gangue particle diameter being less than 3mm is filled in overhead nearer space, subsidence area, then be bulldozed with bulldozer, road roller compacting, obtains the bastard coal rock layers of good airproof performance;
Step 2: bedding a layer thickness is the overburden layer of 0.5m above described bastard coal rock layers, wherein said overburden layer comprises the flyash of the mud of 30wt%, the gangue of 50wt% and 20wt%;
Step 3: depth of cover is the topsoil of 0.3m on described overburden layer upper berth, wherein said topsoil comprises the polyacrylamide of the loess of 40wt%, the flyash of 30wt%, the mud of 28.8wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.3wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.5wt% and 0.4wt%, wherein said microbial-bacterial fertilizer comprises nitrogen fixation fertilizer, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria, the molecular weight of described polyacrylamide is 6,000,000 Da, and the ion degree of described polyacrylamide is 32 ~ 35%;
Step 4: on described topsoil, Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes are planted in the mode of mixed friendship in the ranks, wherein Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes mix the ratio of friendship and are: 0.5: 1: 2, the line-spacing that wherein mongrel is planted is 2m, the spacing in the rows of Chinese pine is 1.2m, the spacing in the rows of aspen is 1.5m, the spacing in the rows of Tree Legumes is 1.0m, and wherein Tree Legumes comprises locust tree, shrubby flase indigo and principal columns of a hall tree.
Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< example 2>
A method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem, it comprises the steps:
Step one: using gangue as backfill filling subsidence area, the gangue wherein particle diameter being greater than 15mm is filled in the lower floor of subsidence area, gangue particle diameter being less than 3mm is filled in overhead nearer space, subsidence area, then be bulldozed with bulldozer, road roller compacting, obtains the bastard coal rock layers of good airproof performance;
Step 2: bedding a layer thickness is the overburden layer of 1m above described bastard coal rock layers, wherein said overburden layer comprises the flyash of the mud of 60wt%, the gangue of 30wt% and 10wt%;
Step 3: depth of cover is the topsoil of 0.5m on described overburden layer upper berth, wherein said topsoil comprises the polyacrylamide of the loess of 60wt%, the flyash of 15wt%, the mud of 23.1wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.5wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.8wt% and 0.6wt%, wherein said microbial-bacterial fertilizer comprises nitrogen fixation fertilizer, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria, the molecular weight of described polyacrylamide is 8,000,000 Da, and the ion degree of described polyacrylamide is 35%;
Step 4: on described topsoil, Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes are planted in the mode of mixed friendship in the ranks, wherein Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes mix the ratio of friendship and are: 1.5: 3: 8, the line-spacing that wherein mongrel is planted is 3m, the spacing in the rows of Chinese pine is 1.8m, the spacing in the rows of aspen is 2.2m, the spacing in the rows of Tree Legumes is 1.5m, and wherein Tree Legumes comprises cassia siamea, yellow wingceltis and principal columns of a hall tree.
Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< example 3>
A method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem, it comprises the steps:
Step one: using gangue as backfill filling subsidence area, the gangue wherein particle diameter being greater than 15mm is filled in the lower floor of subsidence area, gangue particle diameter being less than 3mm is filled in overhead nearer space, subsidence area, then be bulldozed with bulldozer, road roller compacting, obtains the bastard coal rock layers of good airproof performance;
Step 2: bedding a layer thickness is the overburden layer of 0.8m above described bastard coal rock layers, wherein said overburden layer comprises the flyash of the mud of 40wt%, the gangue of 50wt% and 10wt%;
Step 3: depth of cover is the topsoil of 0.4m on described overburden layer upper berth, wherein said topsoil comprises the polyacrylamide of the loess of 50wt%, the flyash of 20wt%, the mud of 28.5wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.4wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.6wt% and 0.5wt%, wherein said microbial-bacterial fertilizer comprises nitrogen fixation fertilizer, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria, the molecular weight of described polyacrylamide is 7,000,000 Da, and the ion degree of described polyacrylamide is 33%;
Step 4: on described topsoil, Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes are planted in the mode of mixed friendship in the ranks, wherein Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes mix the ratio of friendship and are: 1: 2: 5, the line-spacing that wherein mongrel is planted is 2.5m, the spacing in the rows of Chinese pine is 1.5m, the spacing in the rows of aspen is 2m, the spacing in the rows of Tree Legumes is 1.2m, and wherein Tree Legumes comprises shrubby flase indigo, erythrina indica and yellow wingceltis.
Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< example 4>
A method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem, it comprises the steps:
Step one: using gangue as backfill filling subsidence area, the gangue wherein particle diameter being greater than 15mm is filled in the lower floor of subsidence area, gangue particle diameter being less than 3mm is filled in overhead nearer space, subsidence area, then be bulldozed with bulldozer, road roller compacting, obtains the bastard coal rock layers of good airproof performance;
Step 2: bedding a layer thickness is the overburden layer of 0.9m above described bastard coal rock layers, wherein said overburden layer comprises the flyash of the mud of 55wt%, the gangue of 30wt% and 15wt%;
Step 3: depth of cover is the topsoil of 0.5m on described overburden layer upper berth, wherein said topsoil comprises the polyacrylamide of the loess of 48wt%, the flyash of 21wt%, the mud of 29.5wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.4wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.6wt% and 0.5wt%, wherein said microbial-bacterial fertilizer comprises nitrogen fixation fertilizer, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria, the molecular weight of described polyacrylamide is 6,500,000 Da, and the ion degree of described polyacrylamide is 33%;
Step 4: on described topsoil, Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes are planted in the mode of mixed friendship in the ranks, wherein Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes mix the ratio of friendship and are: 1.3: 1.3: 6, the line-spacing that wherein mongrel is planted is 2.8m, the spacing in the rows of Chinese pine is 1.7m, the spacing in the rows of aspen is 2.1m, the spacing in the rows of Tree Legumes is 1.1m, and wherein Tree Legumes comprises black chaste tree, shrubby flase indigo and principal columns of a hall tree.
Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< example 5>
A method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem, it comprises the steps:
Step one: using gangue as backfill filling subsidence area, the gangue wherein particle diameter being greater than 15mm is filled in the lower floor of subsidence area, gangue particle diameter being less than 3mm is filled in overhead nearer space, subsidence area, then be bulldozed with bulldozer, road roller compacting, obtains the bastard coal rock layers of good airproof performance;
Step 2: bedding a layer thickness is the overburden layer of 0.6m above described bastard coal rock layers, wherein said overburden layer comprises the flyash of the mud of 38wt%, the gangue of 40wt% and 22wt%;
Step 3: depth of cover is the topsoil of 0.3m on described overburden layer upper berth, wherein said topsoil comprises the polyacrylamide of the loess of 55wt%, the flyash of 17wt%, the mud of 26.4wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.5wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.7wt% and 0.4wt%, wherein said microbial-bacterial fertilizer comprises nitrogen fixation fertilizer, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria, the molecular weight of described polyacrylamide is 7,400,000 Da, and the ion degree of described polyacrylamide is 35%;
Step 4: on described topsoil, Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes are planted in the mode of mixed friendship in the ranks, wherein Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes mix the ratio of friendship and are: 0.7: 2.7: 6.5, the line-spacing that wherein mongrel is planted is 2.3m, the spacing in the rows of Chinese pine is 1.6m, the spacing in the rows of aspen is 1.8m, the spacing in the rows of Tree Legumes is 1.4m, and wherein Tree Legumes comprises cassia siamea, principal columns of a hall tree, erythrina indica and black chaste tree.
Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
In order to effect of the present invention is described, inventor provides comparative experiments as follows:
< comparative example 1>
Overburden layer in step 2 and the topsoil in step 3 all do not add mud, described overburden layer comprises the gangue of 90wt% and the flyash of 10wt%, described topsoil comprises the polyacrylamide of the loess of 83.1wt%, the flyash of 15wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.5wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.8wt% and 0.6wt%, identical with example 2 of all the other parameters, technical process is also identical.Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< comparative example 2>
Overburden layer in step 2 and the topsoil in step 3 all do not add flyash, described overburden layer comprises the mud of 60wt%, the gangue of 40wt%, described topsoil comprises the loess of 75wt%, the mud of 23.1wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.5wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.8wt% and all the other parameters of polyacrylamide of 0.6wt% and identical in example 2, and technical process is also identical.Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< comparative example 3>
Topsoil in step 3 does not add microbial-bacterial fertilizer, and identical with example 3 of all the other parameters, technical process is also identical.Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< comparative example 4>
Topsoil in step 3 does not add polyacrylamide, and identical with example 4 of all the other parameters, technical process is also identical.Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< comparative example 5>
The molecular weight adding polyacrylamide in topsoil in step 3 is 1,600 ten thousand Da, and identical with example 4 of all the other parameters, technical process is also identical.Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
< comparative example 6>
Topsoil in step 4 does not carry out mongrel to plant, only carry out the plantation of Tree Legumes cassia siamea, principal columns of a hall tree, erythrina indica and black chaste tree, identical with example 5 of all the other parameters, technical process is also identical.Planting is after 2 months, the nursery stock number that statistics plantation trees survive, and is that 20cm soil is sampled to the degree of depth, and detect the full nitrogen of sampling soil, rapid available phosphorus, available nitrogen and organic matter, testing result is in table 1.
Respectively by semimicro Kelvin, method side carries out full nitrogen detection, organic detection is carried out by potassium bichromate Outside Heating Method, the detection of rapid available phosphorus is carried out by molybdenum antimony resistance colorimetric method, carried out the detection of available potassium by flame spectrometry, the soil regime under example implementation condition different from comparative example and plant planting percent verified:
Nutrient content and the plant planting percent situation of rear soil are repaired in table 1 subsidence area
Can find out from upper table 1, utilize the coal made by waste spoil discharged in coal mining and process as charges in example, and on the basis of gangue and flyash, add the mud of proper ratio, carrying out that improvement that loess, microorganism fungus kind carry out matrix soil can ensure scientific and efficient revegetation work.
Comparative example 1 is compared with example, overburden layer and topsoil all do not add mud, plant growth is after 2 months, soil fertility is on the low side, trees planting percent is on the low side, and this illustrates that the interpolation of mud can improve the fertility of overburden layer, and better can carry out the foundation of subsidence area microorganism system, promote the efficiency of Nutrient Transformation, thus improve planting percent;
Comparative example 2 is compared with example, overburden layer and topsoil all do not add flyash, plant growth is after 2 months, also comparatively embodiment is low for soil fertility and trees planting percent, this illustrates that the interpolation containing Macro and microelements flyash can strengthen microbial activity and the ability promoting Nutrient Transformation further, thus effectively improve the land occupation condition of plant, improve its planting percent;
Comparative example 3 is compared with example, topsoil does not add microbial-bacterial fertilizer, its soil physico-chemical property is also lower than embodiment, this illustrates that the use of azotobacter can increase the sources of nitrogen in soil, phosphorus decomposing and potassium decomposing active bacteria can by the decomposition of the mineral phosphorus of indissoluble in loess and mud, potassium out, improve the content of rapid available phosphorus and available potassium in soil, the raising of matrix physicochemical property ensure that growing of plant;
Comparative example 4 and comparative example 5 are respectively compared with example, illustrate that the interpolation of polyacrylamide can improve the maintenance to soil Middle nutrition composition, but the molecular weight of polyacrylamide can not be too high, otherwise its diffusion in soil layer and convection current can be affected, its result of use can be affected on the contrary;
Comparative example 6 is compared with example, comparative example 6 only carries out the plantation of pulse family trees, the nutrition condition of soil is not as embodiment 5, this illustrates that the Chinese pine of different growth rate, aspen and Tree Legumes carry out method that mongrel plants and effectively can alleviate single Tree Legumes and plant single-minded absorption to soil nutrient elements, prevent the decline of soil productivity, mutual growth promoting effects, improves planting percent to each other.
Visible, the degree of depth according to subsidence area depression carries out primary dcreening operation to gangue, then carries out slicing and filling, compaction in layers according to the build size of gangue and easy-weathering degree, both ensure that the effect of Reclamation by filling, turn eliminate discarded object gangue occupying and polluting soil;
In addition, overburden layer is made up of mud, gangue and flyash, mud can cram the space because top layer spoil weathering causes, interpolation containing Macro and microelements flyash can strengthen microbial activity and the ability promoting Nutrient Transformation further, thus ensure that water retention property and the fertility of overburden layer;
In addition, interpolation containing azotobacter, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria microbial-bacterial fertilizer in topsoil, add the source of nitrogen, improve the utilization of available phosphorus, potassium in soil, compensate for the deficiency brought owing to using nitrogen, phosphorus, gangue that the equal content of potassium is on the low side and flyash;
In addition, the use of water-loss reducer polyacrylamide adds the intergranular cohesiveness of upper soll layer, has maintained good soil structure, enhances moisture capacity and the nutrient preserving capability of soil, improves the ability of subsidence area vegetation ecological environment restoration;
In addition, the Chinese pine of proper density, aspen, Tree Legumes mixed plantation of handing in the ranks effectively alleviate the single-minded absorption of single Tree Legumes plantation to soil nutrient elements, prevent the decline of soil productivity, and the litter that mixed forest is enriched further increases the fertility of soil, facilitate the growth of forest;
In addition, the present invention can recover and improve the productivity of reconstruct soil in the short period of time, improves soil environment quality, recovers soil ecosystem, and method is simple, is easy to operation and realizes.
Although embodiment of the present invention are open as above, it is not restricted to listed in specification and embodiment utilization.It can be applied to various applicable the field of the invention completely.For those skilled in the art, can easily realize other amendment.Therefore do not deviating under the universal that claim and equivalency range limit, the present invention is not limited to specific details and illustrates here and the embodiment described.
Claims (8)
1. a method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
Step one: using gangue as backfill filling subsidence area, be then bulldozed with bulldozer, road roller compacting obtains bastard coal rock layers;
Step 2: bedding a layer thickness is the overburden layer of 0.5 ~ 1m above described bastard coal rock layers, wherein said overburden layer comprises the flyash of the mud of 30 ~ 60wt%, the gangue of 30 ~ 50wt% and 10 ~ 30wt%;
Step 3: bedding thickness is the topsoil of 0.3 ~ 0.5m on described overburden layer, wherein said topsoil comprises the polyacrylamide of the loess of 40 ~ 60wt%, the flyash of 15 ~ 30wt%, the mud of 20 ~ 30wt%, the ureaformaldehyde of 0.3 ~ 0.5wt%, the microbial-bacterial fertilizer of 0.5 ~ 0.8wt% and 0.4 ~ 0.6wt%;
Step 4: Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes are planted in the in the ranks mixed mode handed on described topsoil, wherein Chinese pine, aspen, Tree Legumes mix the ratio of friendship and are: 0.5 ~ 1.5: 1 ~ 3: 2 ~ 8.
2. the method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the gangue in step one, particle diameter being greater than 15mm is filled in the lower floor of subsidence area, and gangue particle diameter being less than 3mm is filled in overhead nearer space, subsidence area.
3. the method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described microbial-bacterial fertilizer comprises nitrogen fixation fertilizer, Decomposing phosphate activity bacterium and potassium decomposing active bacteria.
4. the method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the molecular weight of described polyacrylamide is 600 ~ 8,000,000 Da.
5. the method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, the ion degree of described polyacrylamide is 32 ~ 35%.
6. the method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, described Tree Legumes is selected from one or more in locust tree, shrubby flase indigo, cassia siamea, yellow wingceltis, principal columns of a hall tree, erythrina indica, black chaste tree.
7. the method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 4, in the ranks the mixed line-spacing handed over is 2 ~ 3m.
8. the method for geology subsidence area restoration of the ecosystem as claimed in claim 1, is characterized in that, in described step 4, the spacing in the rows of Chinese pine is 1.2 ~ 1.8m, the spacing in the rows of aspen is 1.5 ~ 2.2m, the spacing in the rows of Tree Legumes is 1.0 ~ 1.5m.
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| CN107018698A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The restorative procedure of coal mine small-sized Collapse Pit |
| CN107023297A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The restorative procedure of the huge Collapse Pit in colliery |
| CN108901559A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of coal field vegetation repair method |
| CN110527516A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-12-03 | 神华北电胜利能源有限公司 | A kind of reconstruct soil and a kind of soil improvement method suitable for Inner Mongolian grassland mining area |
| CN112943356A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-11 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for repairing collapse pit of coal mine |
| CN112997794A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for repairing vegetation in coal mine storage yard |
| CN113767833A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-10 | 杭州元成规划设计集团有限公司 | Slope growth substrate and preparation method thereof |
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| CN107018698A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The restorative procedure of coal mine small-sized Collapse Pit |
| CN107023297A (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2017-08-08 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The restorative procedure of the huge Collapse Pit in colliery |
| CN107023297B (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2019-01-29 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | The restorative procedure of the huge Collapse Pit of coal mine |
| CN105766118A (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2016-07-20 | 陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司 | Method for reconstructing shoal soil mass for rice planting |
| CN105766118B (en) * | 2016-03-31 | 2018-11-20 | 陕西省土地工程建设集团有限责任公司 | A kind of shoal soil body reconstructing method for Rice Cropping |
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| CN108901559A (en) * | 2018-07-23 | 2018-11-30 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | A kind of coal field vegetation repair method |
| CN110527516A (en) * | 2019-08-28 | 2019-12-03 | 神华北电胜利能源有限公司 | A kind of reconstruct soil and a kind of soil improvement method suitable for Inner Mongolian grassland mining area |
| CN113767833A (en) * | 2020-06-09 | 2021-12-10 | 杭州元成规划设计集团有限公司 | Slope growth substrate and preparation method thereof |
| CN112943356A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-11 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for repairing collapse pit of coal mine |
| CN112997794A (en) * | 2021-03-02 | 2021-06-22 | 中国水利水电科学研究院 | Method for repairing vegetation in coal mine storage yard |
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