CN104955413B - 双极性电外科手剪 - Google Patents

双极性电外科手剪 Download PDF

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CN104955413B
CN104955413B CN201480006484.9A CN201480006484A CN104955413B CN 104955413 B CN104955413 B CN 104955413B CN 201480006484 A CN201480006484 A CN 201480006484A CN 104955413 B CN104955413 B CN 104955413B
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jaw
tissue
shank
knife
trigger
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CN104955413A (zh
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C·O·巴克斯特三世
D·C·耶茨
K·J·施米德
T·W·阿伦霍尔特
J·S·斯韦兹
J·D·梅瑟利
M·S·克罗珀
J·R·摩根
C·P·布德罗克斯
R·W·蒂姆
F·E·谢尔顿四世
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Ethicon Endo Surgery Inc
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/32Surgical cutting instruments
    • A61B17/3201Scissors
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/28Surgical forceps
    • A61B17/2812Surgical forceps with a single pivotal connection
    • A61B17/282Jaws
    • A61B2017/2825Inserts of different material in jaws
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/00059Material properties
    • A61B2018/00071Electrical conductivity
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00053Mechanical features of the instrument of device
    • A61B2018/0016Energy applicators arranged in a two- or three dimensional array
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00636Sensing and controlling the application of energy
    • A61B2018/00666Sensing and controlling the application of energy using a threshold value
    • A61B2018/00678Sensing and controlling the application of energy using a threshold value upper
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/0091Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device
    • A61B2018/00916Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/0091Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device
    • A61B2018/00916Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device
    • A61B2018/00958Handpieces of the surgical instrument or device with means for switching or controlling the main function of the instrument or device for switching between different working modes of the main function
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B2018/1452Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting
    • A61B2018/1455Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting having a moving blade for cutting tissue grasped by the jaws
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/04Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating
    • A61B18/12Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current
    • A61B18/14Probes or electrodes therefor
    • A61B18/1442Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps
    • A61B2018/1452Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting
    • A61B2018/1457Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps including means for cutting having opposing blades cutting tissue grasped by the jaws, i.e. combined scissors and pliers

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Surgery (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Medical Informatics (AREA)
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  • Biomedical Technology (AREA)
  • Heart & Thoracic Surgery (AREA)
  • Nuclear Medicine, Radiotherapy & Molecular Imaging (AREA)
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  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Otolaryngology (AREA)
  • Pathology (AREA)
  • Surgical Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

本发明提供了一种设备,其包括第一钳口、第二钳口、第一柄部和第二柄部。第二钳口与第一钳口枢转地联接。第一钳口和第二钳口能够夹持组织。钳口提供能够操作以向夹持在钳口之间的组织递送双极性射频能量的偏置电极表面。设备还能够操作以切断组织。闭锁特征结构基于钳口的通电状态来选择性地阻止切断组织。

Description

双极性电外科手剪
背景技术
多种外科器械包括将射频能量传输到组织(例如,以凝固或密封组织)的一个或多个元件。一些此类器械包括在组织上打开和闭合的一对钳口并且具有能够操作以焊接夹紧在钳口之间的组织的导电性组织接触表面。在开放式外科环境中,一些此类器械可为具有剪刀式握持部的夹钳的形式。
除了具有射频能量传输元件外,一些外科器械还包括平移式组织切割元件。此类装置的实例为Ethicon Endo-Surgery,Inc.(Cincinnati,Ohio)的组织密封装置。此类装置的另外的实例及相关概念公开于以下美国专利中:2002年12月31公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Systems and Techniques for Sealing Tissue”的美国专利6,500,176,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2006年9月26日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of Use”的美国专利7,112,201,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2006年10月24日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Working End forControlled Energy Delivery”的美国专利7,125,409,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年1月30日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Probe and Method of Use”的美国专利7,169,146,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年3月6日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Jaw Structure for Controlled Energy Delivery”的美国专利7,186,253,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年3月13日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument”的美国专利No.7,189,233,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年5月22日公布的名称为“Surgical Sealing Surfaces and Methods of Use”的美国专利7,220,951,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年12月18日公布的名称为“Polymer Compositions Exhibiting a PTC Property and Methods of Fabrication”的美国专利7,309,849,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2007年12月25日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument and Method of Use”的美国专利7,311,709,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2008年4月8日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument andMethod of Use”的美国专利7,354,440,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2008年6月3日公布的名称为“Electrosurgical Instrument”的美国专利7,381,209,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
电外科切割器械及相关概念的其它实例公开于下列专利中:2011年4月14日公布的名称为“Surgical Instrument Comprising First and Second Drive SystemsActuatable by a Common Trigger Mechanism”的美国公布2011/0087218,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年5月10日公布的名称为“Motor Driven ElectrosurgicalDevice with Mechanical and Electrical Feedback”的美国公布2012/0116379,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年3月29日公布的名称为“Control Features forArticulating Surgical Device”的美国公布2012/0078243,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年3月29日公布的名称为“Articulation Joint Features for ArticulatingSurgical Device”的美国公布2012/0078247,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;2012年9月19日提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Multi-Phase Trigger Bias”的美国专利申请13/622,729,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文;和2012年9月19日提交的名称为“Surgical Instrument with Contained Dual Helix Actuator Assembly”的美国专利申请13/622,735,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
虽然已研制并使用了若干医疗装置,但据信在本发明人之前还无人研制出或使用所附权利要求中描述的发明。
附图说明
虽然本说明书后附的权利要求书特别指出并明确主张本技术,但据信从下面结合附图对某些实例所作的描述将会更好地理解本技术,附图中类似的参考标号表示相同元件,其中:
图1示出了示例性夹钳器械的透视图;
图2示出了处于闭合位置的图1的器械的侧视图;
图3示出了图1的器械的侧面分解图;
图4示出了图1的器械的钳口的放大透视图;
图5示出了图4的钳口的正面剖视图;
图6示出了具有插件的示例性另选钳口的透视图;
图7示出了图6的钳口的正面剖视图;
图8示出了具有插件的示例性另选钳口的透视图;
图9示出了图8的钳口的正面剖视图;
图10A示出了夹钳器械的钳口的插件的示例性另选型式的正面剖视图,其中钳口夹紧组织;
图10B示出了图10A的插件的正面剖视图,其中钳口焊接组织;
图10C示出了图10A的插件的正面剖视图,其中钳口切割组织;
图11A示出了夹钳器械的钳口的示例性另选插件的正面剖视图,其中钳口夹紧组织;
图11B示出了图11A的插件的正面剖视图,其中钳口焊接组织;
图11C示出了图11A的插件的正面剖视图,其中钳口切割组织;
图12示出了具有压力边缘的夹钳器械的钳口的示例性另选插件的透视图;
图13示出了插入钳口中的图12的插件的正面剖视图;
图14示出了插入钳口中的夹钳器械的钳口的示例性另选插件的透视图;
图15示出了插入钳口中的图14的插件的正面剖视图;
图16示出了被成形为配合刀的夹钳器械的钳口中的示例性另选插件的正面剖视图;
图17示出了随着刀推进而夹紧组织的图16的插件的正面剖视图;
图18示出了具有对角地定位的电极的夹钳器械的钳口的示例性另选型式的透视图;
图19示出了图18的钳口的正面透视图;
图20示出了具有面朝外的电极的钳口的示例性另选型式的透视图;
图21示出了具有外部电极和竖直地取向的I形梁的夹钳器械的钳口的示例性另选型式的透视剖视图;
图22示出了逆时针旋转九十度并且压抵在组织上的图21的钳口的透视剖视图;
图23示出了具有棋盘式轮廓的夹钳器械的示例性另选钳口的透视图;
图24示出了沿着图23中的线24-24截取的图23的钳口的剖视图;
图25示出了沿着图23中的线25-25截取的图23的钳口的剖视图;
图26示出了沿着图23中的线26-26截取的图23的钳口的剖视图;
图27示出了夹钳器械的示例性另选钳口的剖视透视图;
图28示出了夹钳器械的示例性另选钳口的透视图;
图29示出了夹钳器械的示例性另选钳口的透视图;
图30示出了具有用于通电和切割的双按钮致动系统的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图31示出了具有两阶段致动触发器的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图32示出了具有通电按钮和切割触发器的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图33A示出了具有与通电按钮一体的刀闭锁触发器的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图33B示出了图34A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中通电按钮被按下;
图33C示出了图34A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中通电按钮被按下且闭锁触发器被牵拉;
图34A示出了具有与通电按钮一体的刀闭锁触发器的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图34B示出了图34A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中通电按钮被按下;
图34C示出了图34A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中通电按钮被按下且闭锁触发器被牵拉;
图35示出了具有凸轮槽操作的刀锁的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图36A示出了图35的器械的刀和钳口的侧视图,其中刀接合凸轮特征结构;
图36B示出了图36A的刀和钳口的侧视图,其中刀脱离凸轮特征结构;
图37示出了示例性另选夹钳器械的联接器的透视图;
图38A示出了结合了图37的联接器的示例性夹钳器械的侧视图,其中钳口打开;
图38B示出了图38A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中钳口被夹紧;
图38C示出了图38A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中钳口被通电;
图38D示出了图38A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中刀推进;
图38E示出了图38A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中钳口被释放;
图39示出了具有刀闭锁触发器的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图40A示出了图39的夹钳器械的局部侧视图,其中钳口闭合;
图40B示出了图39的夹钳器械的局部侧视图,其中闭锁触发器被致动;
图41示出了具有刀闭锁特征结构的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图42A示出了图41的夹钳器械的局部侧视图,其中钳口闭合;
图42B示出了图41的夹钳器械的局部侧视图,其中触发器脱离柄部并且刀推进;
图42C示出了图41的夹钳器械的局部侧视图,其中钳口被释放;
图43A示出了具有刀闭锁触发器的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图43B示出了图43A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中钳口闭合并且刀闭锁触发器接合;
图43C示出了图43A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中刀闭锁触发器被按下并且脱离刀;
图43D示出了图43A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中刀被推进;
图44A示出了具有能量敏感梁的示例性另选刀的侧面局部视图;
图44B示出了图44A所示的刀的侧面局部视图,其中闭锁件被通电;
图45示出了具有刀闭锁特征结构的另一个示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图46示出了图45的刀闭锁特征结构的侧面局部视图,其中刀闭锁触发器脱离;
图47A示出了具有弯曲刀推进杆的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图47B示出了图47A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中弯曲刀推进杆被推进;
图48示出了具有弹簧加载式刀闭锁特征结构的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;
图49A示出了图48的弹簧加载式刀闭锁特征结构的透视图,所述刀闭锁特征结构接合刀;
图49B示出了图48的弹簧加载式刀闭锁特征结构的透视图,所述刀闭锁特征结构脱离并且其中刀被推进;
图50示出了具有马达驱动的刀的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧面剖视图;
图51A示出了具有棘轮垫的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧面剖视图;
图51B示出了图51A的夹钳器械的侧面剖视图,其中棘轮垫闭合;
图52示出了使用滑环的闭合触发的通电特征结构的放大侧视图;
图53A示出了具有位于夹钳器械的钳口附近的闭合触发的通电特征结构的示例性另选夹钳器械的侧视图;和
图53B示出了图53A的夹钳器械的侧视图,其中钳口闭合并且闭合触发的通电特征结构被接合。
附图并非旨在以任何方式进行限制,并且预期本技术的各种实施例可以多种其他方式进行,包括在附图中不必要描绘的那些方式。并入本说明书中并形成其一部分的附图示出了本技术的若干方面,并且连同说明书用于解释本技术的原理;然而,应当理解,本技术不限于所示出的精确布置方式。
具体实施方式
本技术的某些实例的下述描述不应用于限制其范围。通过以下举例说明(被认为是用于实施本技术的最佳方式之一),本技术的其他实例、特征、方面、实施例和优点对于本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。正如将会意识到的,本文所述的技术包括其他不同且明显的方面,这些都未脱离本技术。因此,附图和具体实施方式应被视为实质上是示例性而非限制性的。
还应当理解,本文所述的教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等中的任何一个或多个可与本文所述的其它教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等中的任何一个或多个结合。因此,下述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等不应视为彼此隔离。参考本文教导内容,可用以组合本文教导内容的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将会显而易见。此类修改和变型旨在包括在权利要求书的范围内。
I.示例性夹钳器械
图1示出了能够操作以操纵组织的示例性夹钳器械10。器械10包括第一柄部12、第二柄部14和将它们联接在一起的枢转接头22。柄部12,14可包含玻璃填充的尼龙和/或任何其它合适材料。柄部12,14在本实例中彼此电隔离,如以下将更详细描述。弹性条带18定位在枢转接头22的近侧并且将柄部12,14弹性地偏置到如图1所示的打开构型。仅以举例的方式,弹性条带18可包括片簧。当然,可使用任何其它合适部件来使柄部12,14弹性地偏置。另选地,柄部12,14可能只是没有弹性偏置件。器械10还包括与第一柄部12连通的第一钳口42和与第二柄部14连通的第二钳口44。缆线20也与第二柄部14、控制器30以及功率源32连通。器械10还包括安装在第二柄部14上的触发按钮16。
一般来讲,器械10能够操作以夹持组织。应当理解,夹持组织可包括用相对较小的压缩力来夹持组织以及用中度到重度压缩力来夹持组织。此外,在一些情况下,应当理解,可使用压缩力的混合。例如,使用者可能希望对组织的一些部分施加轻的压缩力并对组织的其它部分施加较重的力。在一些情况下,使用者可能希望操纵(牵拉、旁推等)组织。操纵组织可包括牵拉或推动夹持的组织。此外,使用者甚至可能希望使用器械10的远侧端部的面朝外部分来使组织如使用者所期望在外科区域中钝性地运动。器械10还能够操作以通过向组织传输双极性射频能量来使组织通电,这导致组织焊接或密封在一起。虽然双极性射频能量在本实例中通过器械10递送,但应当理解,也可使用使组织通电的其它合适形式,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。还应当理解,在密封组织之前、之后或同时,可使用器械10来切割组织。具体地,可使用器械10内的切割边缘来切割用器械10夹紧和密封的组织。除此之外或另选地,器械10可使用相对于器械10运动以切割所夹持的组织的致动刀或其它刀片。在一些型式中,器械10的其它部分可抵靠组织运动以便切割或拉开组织。仅以举例的方式,钳口42,44本身可能够操作以简单地通过用足够的力将柄部12,14朝向彼此挤压来切割组织。
柄部12,14能够操作以由使用者夹持并且以剪刀式握持部方式挤压在一起。虽然示例性型式示出了柄部12,14具有剪刀式握持部构型,但应当理解,其它类型的握持部也可用于柄部12,14。例如,柄部12,14可具有手枪式握持部或任何其它合适的构型,所述任何其它合适的构型能够操作以使得使用者能够通过手动致动柄部12,14来闭合钳口42,44;并且使得使用者能够在组织夹持在钳口42,44之间以后操纵器械10。钳口42,44在本实例中具有弯曲的构型,但应当理解,钳口42,44可具有能够操作以夹持和操纵组织的任何合适构型,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。例如,在一些型式中,钳口42,44可具有直的构型。
枢转接头22能够操作以使得钳口42,44能够响应于使用者致动柄部12,14而打开和闭合。应当理解,枢转接头22可包括能够操作以使得钳口42,44能够响应于使用者致动柄部12,14而闭合的任何合适接头或机构,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。弹性条带18定位在枢转接头22附近并且接合柄部12,14,使得柄部12,14被偏置成保持处于如在图1中所见的打开位置。当器械10处于图2所示的闭合位置时,弹性条带18如在图2中所见弯曲。当使用者释放柄部12,14或只是松开他或她对柄部12,14的握持时,弹性条带18推开柄部12,14以使器械10回到图1所示的状态。
触发按钮16定位在第二柄部14上并且进一步被定位成足够靠近使用者可握持第二柄部14的地方,使得使用者可抓住柄部12,14并且用抓持柄部12,14的同一只手来致动触发按钮16,从而使得能够单手操作器械10。触发按钮16可包括如示例性型式中所示的单个推动按钮,但应当理解,触发按钮16可包括多个按钮或一个或多个具有多个致动阶段的按钮。
缆线20包括与控制器30连通的电绝缘缆线。缆线20进一步与功率源32连通。缆线20包括能够操作以向器械10的钳口42,44递送能量的任何合适的结构。具体地,缆线20至少包括位于缆线20内的两根导线,使得所述导线能够操作以向钳口42,44递送双极性能量。一根或多根导线可与第一钳口42连通,使得第一钳口42充当正极引线,而延伸穿过缆线20的另一组一根或多根导线与第二钳口44连通以充当负极引线。因此,当钳口42,44夹紧组织并递送能量时,双极性能量通过从一个钳口42穿过组织传递到另一个钳口44而递送到组织。虽然缆线20连接到柄部14,但应当理解,缆线20可在器械10的任何合适部分处与器械10连通。
控制器30和功率源32能够操作以通过缆线20向器械10递送能量。具体地,控制器30可包括电路、处理器、存储器和/或能够操作以开始、停止或以其它方式控制功率源32的任何其它合适的部件。功率源32能够操作以通过缆线20向钳口42,44递送双极性能量。
图3示出了器械10的分解图以大体示出能量如何从功率源32和控制器30传输到导线20,然后传输到钳口42,44。具体地,缆线20分成第一导线46和第二导线48。第一导线46与触发器开关17联接,所述开关通过致动触发按钮16选择性地打开和闭合。当然,触发按钮16仅为如何可选择性地打开和闭合电路的一个仅例示性实例。可使用任何其它合适的特征结构。触发器开关17被弹性地偏置到打开位置,使得使用者必须推动触发按钮16来闭合触发器开关17;并且使得触发器开关17将在使用者然后释放触发按钮16时再次打开。触发器开关17还与第三导线47联接,所述第三导线与钳口44直接联接。在一些型式中,触发器开关17运动到柄部12,14的近侧区域并且触发按钮16被省略。此类近侧触发器开关17可定位在柄部12,14的表面之间,所述表面彼此面对并且在柄部12,14挤压在一起时朝向彼此运动。仅以举例的方式,触发器开关17可包括弹片开关,所述弹片开关只有当柄部12,14完全挤压在一起时才闭合,以指示在可对组织施加射频能量之前组织充分夹紧在钳口42,44之间。参考本文的教导内容,触发器开关17的其他合适的位置和变型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
第二根导线48与弹性条带18直接联接,所述弹性条带为导电的并且进一步与钳口42联接以提供通至钳口的电路径。应当理解,弹性条带18不接触柄部14或钳口44的任何导电区域。虽然弹性条带18在此实例中本身提供电路径,但应当理解,弹性条带18可另选地仅提供对一些其它电缆的机械支撑。例如,导线可附连到弹性条带18的近侧面。
器械10还包括绝缘垫50和绝缘垫圈52。绝缘垫50和绝缘垫圈52能够操作以使第一导线46及相关部件与第二导线48及相关部件在其中此类正极部件和负极部件特别靠近的器械10的部分中电绝缘,从而防止正极部件和负极部件短路。此外,如在图4中所见,应当理解,柄部12,14的部分是由绝缘外部54构成,使得当导线46,48贯穿器械10时,导线46,48不形成短路。可使用绝缘外部54、绝缘垫圈52和/或任何其他绝缘特征结构来使柄部12,14彼此绝缘。应当理解,钳口42,44必须抵靠组织夹紧,并且触发按钮16必须致动以便闭合电路。在闭合电路后,向组织提供双极性射频能量。
钳口42,44可在图5中的横截面中看到。钳口42,44在它们之间限定夹紧区域,所述夹紧区域具有不对称的、伸出的阶梯形外形,使得钳口42与钳口44互补。具体地,钳口42包括第一大致平坦的区域60、倾斜的过渡区域62和第二大致平坦的区域64。钳口44包括第一大致平坦的区域70、倾斜的过渡区域72和第二大致平坦的区域74。过渡区域62,72各自具有相同的宽度(w1)和高度(h1)。区域60,70能够彼此互补,区域62,72能够彼此互补,并且区域64,74能够彼此互补。区域60,62,64因此在钳口42,44闭合在一起时与对应区域70,72,74嵌套。应当理解,钳口42,44可跨越所有区域60,62,64,70,72,74接触组织。根据使用者对柄部12,14施加的力的大小,此接触可能只是夹紧组织或切割组织。
在本实例中,区域64,70为导电的并且对组织施加射频能量,而区域60,62,72,74提供非导电组织接触表面。例如,区域60,62,72,74可涂有电绝缘材料,而区域64,70呈现暴露的导电材料(例如,暴露的金属)。区域64,70因此可充当分立、双极电极表面。虽然钳口42,44在此实例中大体由导电材料形成,但区域60,62,72,74包括电绝缘涂层。应当理解,此构型可提供当钳口42,44闭合时彼此竖直地偏置且彼此横向地偏置的电极表面。还应当理解,此构型可提供沿着在垂直维度和横向维度上相对于钳口42,44的纵向轴线倾斜的路径的射频能量传输,其中所述路径大体平行于区域62,72。换句话讲,实际接收双极性射频能量的组织区域将仅为接触区域62,72并且位于区域62,72之间的组织。因此,组织将不跨越钳口42,44的整个横向宽度接收射频能量。此构型因此可使由对组织施加双极性射频能量引起的热量的热扩散最小化。此类热扩散最小化继而可使对邻近外科医生希望焊接/密封/凝结和/或切割的特定组织区域的组织的可能附带损伤最小化。
在一些其它型式中,区域60,62,72,74为导电的并且对组织施加射频能量,而区域64,70提供非导电组织接触表面。在另一些其它型式中,区域62,64,70,72为导电的并且对组织施加射频能量,而区域60,74提供非导电组织接触表面。在另一些其它型式中,区域60,72为导电的并且对组织施加射频能量,而区域62,64,70,72提供非导电组织接触表面。另选地,所有区域60,62,64,70,72,74可为导电的并且对组织施加射频能量。在前述任一实例中,一个钳口42可与第一极性相关联,而另一个钳口44可与第二极性相关联,以便对组织施加双极性射频能量。
如在图4中可见,本实例的钳口42,44还包括位于区域60,62,64,70,72,74中的一组横向取向的凹口80。应当理解,凹口80仅为任选的。还应当理解,钳口42,44可具有各种另选特征结构和构型。以下将更详细描述此类另选特征结构和构型的几个仅例示性实例,但参考本文的教导内容,其它实例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
II.示例性另选钳口特征结构
图6-29示出了钳口42,44可采取的另选形式的各种实例。应当理解,以下所述的各种实例可易于并入器械10中且可对组织施加双极性射频能量。图6具体示出了具有纵向延伸的槽150的示例性钳口142。槽150在此实例中纵向延伸穿过钳口142的中心。插件152通过使插件152滑入槽150中而以能够滑动的方式被接收在钳口142中。图7示出了具有定位在槽150内的插件152的钳口142。上钳口144还包括类似于下钳口142的槽的槽151。第二插件154能够适配在槽151中。放置在槽150,151中的插件152,154被成形和取向成使得夹紧在插件152,154之间的组织160如图7所示被倾斜地压缩。插件152,154在本实例中与钳口142,144形成燕尾配合并且能够从钳口142,144的背面滑入钳口142,144中。当然,可使用燕尾构型的任何其它合适的另选形式;和/或如果需要,插件152,154可从钳口142,144的远侧端部滑入。
本实例的插件152,154由电绝缘材料形成,而钳口142,144由导电材料形成。仅以举例的方式,插件152,154可由外科级塑料和/或正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻聚合物等形成。在其中插件152,154包含PTC热敏电阻聚合物的型式中,应当理解,插件152,154可在插件152,154的温度低于某一阈值时为导电的;而插件152,154可在插件152,154的温度高于某一阈值时为电绝缘的。参考本文的教导内容,可用于形成插件152,154的其它材料对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。仅以举例的方式,钳口142,144可由阳极氧化或涂有导电材料(诸如类金刚石碳(DLC)、5级钛和/或某种其它材料)的钛或铝形成。参考本文的教导内容,可用于形成钳口142,144的其它材料对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
在本实例中,插件152,154适配在钳口142,144内,使得每个钳口142,144的仅一部分由相应插件152,154覆盖。由插件152,154暴露的钳口142,144的组织接触区域将充当电极表面,使得钳口142,144的暴露表面能够操作以向组织160递送双极性射频能量。射频能量的此类递送可如上所述有效地焊接/密封/凝结组织160,并且还可有助于根据使用者通过将柄部12,14朝向彼此挤压而对钳口142,144施加的力的大小来切断组织160。
在示例性使用中,使用者首先将插件152,154放入槽150,151中。在一些情况下,钳口142,144必须彼此完全分开(例如,在枢转接头22等处完全分离)以便使插件152,154滑入槽150,151中。在此类型式中,钳口142,144在插件152,154插入槽150,151中之后联接在一起(例如,在枢转接头22处);并且钳口142,144的联接防止插件152,154之后在使用期间滑出钳口142,144。除此之外或另选地,可使用按扣特征结构、过盈配合、夹具和/或其它特征结构/技术来将插件152,154相对于其相应钳口142,144固定。一旦钳口142,144与插件152,154组装在一起,使用者便可挤压柄部12,14以将具有插件152,154的钳口142,144抵靠组织160夹紧。然后通过由插件152,154暴露的钳口142,144的组织接触表面向组织160递送射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织160。使用者然后可进一步挤压柄部12,14,以最终将组织160沿着插件152,154相聚之处紧缩到切割组织160的点。
图8-9示出了能够适配在钳口242,244的槽250,251中的示例性另选插件252,254。在此实例中,插件252,254能够通过钳口242,244的正面插入钳口242,244中,但应当理解,钳口242,244可另选地从钳口242,244的近侧端部接收插件252,254。图9示出了定位在钳口242,244内的插件252,254。插件252,254和钳口242,244基本上与上述插件152,154和钳口142,144相同,不同的是槽251和插件152,154的互补特征结构在此实例中具有球形外形而不是具有燕尾形外形。当然,可使用任何其它合适交接构型。
图10A-10C示出了能够操作以夹紧、焊接/密封/凝结和切割组织360的另一组示例性另选插件352,354和钳口342,344。此实例的插件352,354焊接到钳口342,344,但应当理解,插件352,354可另选地使用任何合适的特征结构和/或技术固定到钳口342,344。同样,此实例的插件352,354由电绝缘材料形成;而钳口342,344由导电材料形成。插件352,354包括沿着插件352,354的纵向长度延伸的凸脊356,358。图10A示出了钳口342,344被朝向彼此推动到其中钳口342,344仅夹住组织360的点。图10B示出了钳口342,344随着钳口342,344被射频能量通电而被进一步朝向彼此推动到其中钳口342,344焊接/密封/凝结组织360的点。图10C示出了钳口342,344被进一步朝向彼此推动到其中凸脊356,358切断组织360的点。
应当理解,凸脊356,358的构型有助于使通过钳口342,344和插件352,354施加的压力沿由凸脊356,358建立的组织接触线集中。此压力集中可有利于切断组织360,而不需要使用者在柄部12,14处施加显著的力。在本实例中,凸脊356,358具有大体倒圆外形,但应当理解,凸脊356,358可另选地具有为正方形、三角形、尖形或任何其它合适构型的外形。
图11A-11C示出了能够操作以夹紧、焊接/密封/凝结和切割组织460的另一组示例性另选插件452,454和钳口442,444。此实例的插件452,454适配在钳口442,444的浅槽450,451中,但应当理解,插件452,454可另选地使用任何合适的特征结构和/或技术固定到钳口442,444。插件452,454包括沿着插件452,454的纵向长度延伸的隆起456,458。图11A示出了钳口442,444被朝向彼此推动到其中钳口442,444仅夹住组织460的点。图11B示出了钳口442,444随着钳口442,444被射频能量通电而被进一步朝向彼此推动到其中钳口442,444焊接/密封/凝结组织460的点。图11C示出了钳口442,444被进一步朝向彼此推动到其中凸脊456,458切断组织460的点。凸峰456,458能够大体集中施加到组织460的压力,使得凸峰456,458可被视为上述凸脊356,358的替代物。
图12-13示出了能够操作以夹紧、焊接/密封/凝结和切割组织560的另一组示例性另选插件552,554和钳口542,544。此实例的插件552,554以能够滑动的方式适配在钳口542,544的相应“T”形槽550,551中。插件552包括塑料电绝缘部分553和正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻聚合物部分556。PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556限定凸起边缘557。插件554包括塑料电绝缘部分555和PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分558。PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分558限定凸起边缘559。如在图13中可见,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558部分地延伸到邻近塑料电绝缘部分553,555的相应“T”形槽550,551中。
应当理解,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558的温度低于某一阈值时为导电的;而PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558的温度高于某一阈值时为电绝缘的。因此,当PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558的温度低于某一阈值并且对钳口施加射频能量时,射频能量可从PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分558流动穿过组织560。应当理解,穿过组织560的此射频能量流动路径为倾斜的,类似于以上针对钳口42,45所述的倾斜射频能量路径。射频能量也可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558的温度低于所述阈值时从钳口542的组织接触表面到钳口542的组织接触表面流动穿过组织560,仍然沿着倾斜路径。一旦PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558的温度超过所述阈值,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分556,558变得电绝缘。在那个阶段,就射频能量继续完全流动穿过组织560而言,射频能量只是从钳口542的组织接触表面到钳口542的组织接触表面流动穿过组织560。在一些其它型式中,每个插件552,554的全部由绝缘塑料组成,使得不使用PTC热敏电阻聚合物。在此类型式中,射频能量可简单地同样沿着倾斜路径从钳口542的组织接触表面到钳口542的组织接触表面流动穿过组织560。
还应当理解,凸起边缘557,559可充当压力集中特征结构,从而使通过钳口542,544和插件552,554施加的压力沿由凸起边缘557,559建立的组织接触线集中。此压力集中可有利于切断组织560,而不需要使用者在柄部12,14处施加显著的力。凸起边缘557,559因此类似于上述凸脊356,358和凸峰456,458,但此实例的凸起边缘557,559呈现比凸脊356,358和凸峰456,458大体更尖的边缘。然而,在本实例中,凸起边缘557,559不够锋利而不能在不存在施加到组织560的显著压力的情况下切割组织560。
当然,凸起边缘557,559仅为任选的。例如,图14-15示出了一组示例性另选插件652,654和钳口642,644,所述插件和钳口类似于插件552,554和钳口542,544;并且能够操作以夹紧、焊接/密封/凝结和切割组织。此实例的插件652,654以能够滑动的方式适配在钳口642,644的相应“T”形槽650,651中。插件652包括塑料电绝缘部分653和正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻聚合物部分656。此实例的PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656不限定凸起边缘或其它类型的压力集中特征结构。插件654包括塑料电绝缘部分655和PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分658。PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分658也不限定凸起边缘或其它类型的压力集中特征结构。如在图15中可见,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658部分地延伸到邻近塑料电绝缘部分653,655的相应“T”形槽650,651中。
应当理解,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658的温度低于某一阈值时为导电的;而PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658的温度高于某一阈值时为电绝缘的。因此,当PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658的温度低于某一阈值并且对钳口施加射频能量时,射频能量可从PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分658流动穿过组织。应当理解,穿过组织的此射频能量流动路径为倾斜的,类似于上文相对于钳口42,45所述的倾斜射频能量路径。射频能量也可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658的温度低于所述阈值时从钳口642的组织接触表面到钳口642的组织接触表面流动穿过组织,仍然是沿着倾斜路径。一旦PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658的温度超过所述阈值,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分656,658变得电绝缘。在那个阶段,就射频能量继续完全流动穿过组织而言,射频能量仅从钳口642的组织接触表面到钳口642的组织接触表面流动穿过组织。在一些其它型式中,每个插件652,654的全部由绝缘塑料组成,使得不使用PTC热敏电阻聚合物。在此类型式中,射频能量可仅从钳口642的组织接触表面到钳口642的组织接触表面流动穿过组织,同样沿着倾斜路径。
还应当理解,钳口642,644和插件652,654仍然可能够操作以在不存在凸起边缘或其它组织集中特征结构的情况下切割组织。例如,钳口642,644和插件652,654可在用足够的力将柄部12,14挤压在一起时切断捕获在钳口642,644和插件652,654之间的组织。在一些情况下,此类组织可能更容易在已对组织施加射频能量之后被切断。仅以举例的方式,使用者可首先用钳口642,644和插件652,654部分地夹紧在组织上,对组织施加射频能量一定时间段,然后用钳口642,644和插件652,654进一步夹紧在组织上以切断组织。参考本文的教导内容,其它合适的特征结构和使用方法对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
III.具有可动组织切割特征结构的示例性钳口
在一些情况下,可使用另选切割特征结构(诸如可动刀)来切断组织,而不是使用通过钳口42,44的变型的夹紧压力来切断组织。图16-17示出了具有插件752,754和I形梁刀770的钳口742,744的示例性型式。此实例的插件752,754基本上类似于上述插件652,654,不同的是此实例的插件752,754各自限定“T”形槽757,759。插件752包括塑料电绝缘部分753和正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻聚合物部分756。插件754包括塑料电绝缘部分755和PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分758。PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758部分地延伸到邻近塑料电绝缘部分753,755的钳口742,744的相应“T”形槽750,751中。
应当理解,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758的温度低于某一阈值时为导电的;而PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758的温度高于某一阈值时为电绝缘的。因此,当PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758的温度低于某一阈值并且对钳口施加射频能量时,射频能量可从PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分758流动穿过组织760。应当理解,穿过组织760的此射频能量流动路径为倾斜的,类似于以上针对钳口42,45所述的倾斜射频能量路径。射频能量也可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758的温度低于所述阈值时从钳口742的组织接触表面到钳口742的组织接触表面流动穿过组织760,仍然是沿着倾斜路径。一旦PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758的温度超过所述阈值,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758变得电绝缘。在那个阶段,就射频能量继续完全流动穿过组织760而言,射频能量仅从钳口742的组织接触表面到钳口742的组织接触表面流动穿过组织760。在一些其它型式中,每个插件752,754的全部由绝缘塑料组成,使得不使用PTC热敏电阻聚合物。在此类型式中,射频能量可只是同样沿着倾斜路径从钳口742的组织接触表面到钳口742的组织接触表面流动穿过组织。
本实例的I形梁刀770包括一对朝外的上横向销772和一对朝外的下横向销774。在一些其它型式中,销772,774被横向凸缘和/或一些其它结构取代。销772,774之间的垂直距离在本实例中为固定的。I形梁刀770还包括竖直地延伸的锋利切割边缘776。I形梁刀770能够操作以纵向平移穿过钳口742,744,所述钳口将进入和退出图16-17所示的视图中的页面。销772设置在插件754的“T”形槽759的上部中;而销774设置在插件752的“T”形槽757的下部中。
在使用中,钳口742,744可闭合在组织760上以压缩组织760,然后如上所述焊接/密封/凝结组织760。然后,可如图17所示朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770以切割组织760。以下将更详细描述如何可朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770的几个仅例示性实例;而参考本文的教导内容,其他实例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。在当朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770时钳口742,744不完全压缩组织760的情况下,销772,774可充当抵靠插件752,754的凸轮,从而将钳口742,744驱动到完全压缩位置。
在一些型式中,I形梁刀770为导电的并且提供射频电流从钳口742,744中的一个或两个的返回路径。因此,如果在I形梁刀770邻近组织时(例如,在I形梁刀770的远侧推进期间和/或之后)施加射频能量,则射频能量可从钳口742的组织接触表面到I形梁刀770流动穿过组织760;和/或从钳口744的组织接触表面到I形梁刀770流动穿过组织760。在此类操作阶段,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758可已被加热到电绝缘状态,使得PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分756,758不充当I形梁刀770与钳口742,744之间的短路路径。另选地,I形梁刀770可为绝缘的或可另外在射频能量传输中不发挥任何作用。例如,在一些情况下,在其中将I形梁刀770驱动穿过组织760的阶段,不通过钳口742,744或I形梁刀770施加任何射频能量。
图18-19示出了与一对示例性另选钳口842,844组合的I形梁刀770。此实例的钳口842,844具有相应的塑料电绝缘部分852,854、相应的正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858以及相应的电极条带862,864。绝缘部分852,854布置在穿过钳口842,844的中心的竖直面的相对侧上。PTC热敏电阻部分856,858也布置在穿过钳口842,844的中心的竖直面的相对侧上。电极条带862固定到绝缘部分852的顶部;而电极条带864固定到绝缘部分854的顶部。仅以举例的方式,电极条带862,864可热铆接、销连接、胶合、包覆模制、或以其它方式固定到相应的绝缘部分852,854。绝缘部分852,854也可热铆接、销连接、胶合、包覆模制、或以其它方式固定到相应的钳口842,844。同样,PTC热敏电阻部分856,858可热铆接、销连接、胶合、包覆模制、或以其它方式固定到相应的钳口842,844。参考本文的教导内容,可用以将上述部件固定在一起的其他合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
虽然图18仅示出了用于向电极条带862提供功率的柔性导线管863,但应当理解,类似的导线管可与电极条带864联接。还应当理解,此类导线管863可与上述导线46,48联接,以响应于触发按钮16的致动而致动,等等。
应当理解,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858的温度低于某一阈值时为导电的;而PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858的温度高于某一阈值时为电绝缘的。因此,当PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858的温度低于某一阈值并且对钳口施加射频能量时,射频能量可从PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分858流动穿过组织(未示出)。应当理解,穿过组织的此射频能量流动路径为倾斜的,类似于以上针对钳口42,45所述的倾斜射频能量路径。射频能量也可从电极条带862到电极条带864流动穿过组织,此为另一个倾斜路径。此外,射频能量也可从电极条带862到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分858流动穿过组织;以及从电极条带864到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856流动穿过组织。因此,应当理解,射频能量可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858处于导电状态时沿着四个不同的路径流动穿过组织。
一旦PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858的温度超过所述阈值,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858变得电绝缘。在那个阶段,就射频能量继续完全流动穿过组织而言,射频能量仅从电极条带862到电极条带864流动穿过组织。在一些其它型式中,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856,858被绝缘塑料取代。在此类型式中,射频能量可只是同样沿着倾斜路径从电极条带862到电极条带864流动穿过组织。作为另一个仅例示性实例,电极条带862,864可被省略并且射频能量可从PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分856到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分858流动穿过组织,直到温度超过射频能量停止流动穿过组织的点处的阈值。
如上所述,本实例的I形梁刀770包括一对朝外的上横向销772和一对朝外的下横向销774。销772设置在限定于钳口844中的凹槽871中;而销774设置在限定于钳口842中的凹槽870中。I形梁刀770能够操作以纵向平移穿过钳口842,844,所述钳口将进入和退出图19所示的视图中的页面。在使用中,钳口842,844可闭合在组织上以压缩组织,然后如上所述焊接/密封/凝结组织。然后,可朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770以切割组织。同样,以下将更详细描述如何可朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770的几个仅例示性实例;而参考本文的教导内容,其他实例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。在当朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770时钳口842,844不完全压缩组织的情况下,销772,774可充当抵靠钳口842,844的凸轮,从而将钳口842,844驱动到完全压缩位置。
IV.具有外部组织密封特征结构的示例性钳口
上述钳口42,44的示例性变型能够操作以焊接/密封/凝结捕获在钳口42,44之间的组织。在一些情况下,可能需要焊接/密封/凝结未捕获在钳口42,44之间的组织。例如,在已使用某一型式的钳口42,44来切断组织之后,在已使用I形梁刀770来切断组织之后,和/或在已使用其它特征结构来切断或以其它方式操纵组织之后,可存在继续出血的组织部分。因此,可能需要将钳口42,44中的一个或两个的外部压在此类出血组织部分上,以施加双极性射频能量来密封/凝结组织,而无需将出血组织部分夹持在钳口42,44之间。图20-22示出了具有能够操作以对组织施加双极性射频能量的外部的钳口42,44的仅例示性变型。以下将更详细描述这些实例,但参考本文的教导内容,其他实例对本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图20示出了一对钳口942,944,所述钳口各自由导电材料(例如,金属)形成并且各自包括选择性地施加的电绝缘涂层943。参考本文的教导内容,可用于形成绝缘涂层943的各种合适的材料对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。上钳口944包括负极性部分950和正极性部分960。类似地,下钳口942包括负极性部分970和正极性部分980。
绝缘涂层943覆盖负极性部分950的一部分,但使内部组织接触表面952暴露并且使外部组织接触表面954暴露。绝缘涂层943还覆盖正极性部分960的一部分,以使内部组织接触表面952暴露并且使外部组织接触表面954暴露。类似地,绝缘涂层943覆盖负极性部分970的一部分,以使内部组织接触表面972暴露并且使外部组织接触表面974暴露。并且类似地,绝缘涂层943覆盖正极性部分980的一部分,以使内部组织接触表面982暴露并且使外部组织接触表面984暴露。根据上述,应当理解,表面962,964,982,984能够操作以提供用于通过组织进行射频能量传输的正极;而表面952,954,972,974能够操作以提供用于通过组织进行射频能量传输的负极。在一些其它型式中,表面952,954,962,964,972,974,982,984中的一个或多个由绝缘涂层943覆盖。仅以举例的方式,表面962,972可由绝缘涂层943覆盖。
在本实例中,表面952,962,972,982能够操作以通过夹紧在钳口942,944之间的组织来传输射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织。具体地,射频能量可从表面962到表面972;和/或从表面982到表面952传输穿过组织。如图20所示,表面962,972在此实例中彼此横向地且竖直地偏置,使得射频能量将从表面962到表面972沿着倾斜路径穿过组织行进,类似于以上针对钳口42,44所述的倾斜路径。类似地,表面952,982在此实例中也彼此横向地且竖直地偏置,使得射频能量将从表面982到表面952沿着倾斜路径穿过组织行进。
本实例的钳口942,944还一起限定能够接收I形梁刀770的槽990。因此,在激活表面952,962,972,982来焊接/密封/凝结组织之前、期间或之后,可使用I形梁刀770来切断钳口942,944之间的组织。应当理解,包含I形梁刀770仅为任选的。仅以举例的方式,钳口942,944可转而包括凸脊、凸峰、锋利边缘和/或能够在钳口942,944充分夹紧在组织上时使压力集中在组织上以切断组织的任何其它合适特征结构。
在使用钳口942,944来焊接/密封/凝结捕获在钳口942,944之间的组织之前或之后,也许在通过被朝远侧驱动穿过槽790的I形梁刀770来切断组织之前或之后,使用者可使钳口942,944围绕其纵向轴线旋转大约九十度并且将钳口942,944中的一个的外部压抵在组织上以密封/凝结组织。例如,使用者可将钳口942的外部压抵在组织上以将表面974,984放置成接触组织。正极性部分970和负极性部分980然后可通电以通过表面974,984对组织施加双极性射频能量,从而沿着表面974,984的组织接触点之间的区域焊接/密封组织。类似地,使用者可将钳口944的外部压抵在组织上以将表面954,964放置成接触组织。正极性部分950和负极性部分960然后可通电以通过表面954,964对组织施加双极性射频能量,从而沿着表面974,984的组织接触点之间的区域密封/凝结组织。如同本文所述的其它变型一样,应当理解,能量可如图1所示经由控制件30和功率源32供应。然而,可使用其它合适功率源,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员将是显而易见的。还应当理解,在其中既不使用表面952,962,972,982来焊接/密封/凝结组织也不使用I形梁刀770(或其它特征结构)来切断组织的情况下,可使用表面954,964,974,984来密封/凝结组织。
图21-22示出了另一组示例性钳口1042,1044,所述钳口能够操作以选择性地焊接/密封/凝结钳口1042,1044之间的组织或密封/凝结钳口1042,1044外部的组织。此实例的钳口1042,1044基本上类似于上述钳口842,844,不同的是此实例的钳口1042,1044包括外部电极条带1066,1068。此实例的钳口1042,1044具有相应的塑料电绝缘部分1052,1054、相应的正温度系数(PTC)热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058和相应的内部电极条带1062,1064。绝缘部分1052,1054布置在穿过钳口1042,1044的中心的竖直面的相对侧上。PTC热敏电阻部分1056,1058也布置在穿过钳口1042,1044的中心的竖直面的相对侧上。内部电极条带1062固定到绝缘部分1052的顶部;而内部电极条带1064固定到绝缘部分1054的顶部。参考本文的教导内容,可用以将上述部件固定在一起的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
应当理解,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058的温度低于某一阈值时为导电的;而PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058的温度高于某一阈值时为电绝缘的。因此,当PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058的温度低于某一阈值并且对钳口施加射频能量时,射频能量可从PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1058流动穿过组织(未示出)。应当理解,穿过组织的此射频能量流动路径为倾斜的,类似于以上针对钳口42,45所述的倾斜射频能量路径。射频能量也可从电极条带1062到电极条带1064流动穿过组织,此为另一个倾斜路径。此外,射频能量也可从电极条带1062到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1058流动穿过组织;以及从电极条带1064到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056流动穿过组织。因此,应当理解,射频能量可在PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058处于导电状态时沿着四个不同的路径流动穿过组织。
一旦PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058的温度超过所述阈值,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058变得电绝缘。在那个阶段,就射频能量继续完全流动穿过组织而言,射频能量仅从电极条带1062到电极条带1064流动穿过组织。在一些其它型式中,PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056,1058被绝缘塑料取代。在此类型式中,射频能量可只是同样沿着倾斜路径从电极条带1062到电极条带1064流动穿过组织。作为另一个仅例示性实例,电极条带1062,1064可被省略并且射频能量可从PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1056到PTC热敏电阻聚合物部分1058流动穿过组织,直至温度超过射频能量停止流动穿过组织的阈值。
如上所述,本实例的I形梁刀770包括一对朝外的上横向销772和一对朝外的下横向销774。销772设置在限定于钳口1044中的凹槽1071中;而销774设置在限定于钳口1042中的凹槽1070中。I形梁刀770能够操作以纵向平移穿过钳口1042,1044。在使用中,钳口1042,1044可闭合在组织上以压缩组织,然后如上所述焊接/密封/凝结组织。然后,可朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770以切割组织。同样,以下将更详细描述如何可朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770的几个仅例示性实例;而参考本文的教导内容,其他实例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。在当朝远侧驱动I形梁刀770时钳口1042,1044不完全压缩组织的情况下,销772,774可充当抵靠钳口1042,1044的凸轮,从而将钳口1042,1044驱动到完全压缩位置。
在使用钳口1042,1044来焊接/密封/凝结捕获在钳口1042,1044之间的组织之前或之后,也许在通过I形梁刀770来切断组织之前或之后,使用者可使钳口1042,1044围绕其纵向轴线旋转大约九十度并且将钳口1042,1044的外部压抵在组织上以密封/凝结组织。具体地,使用者可将外部电极条带1066,1068压抵在组织上,所述组织可用双极性射频能量通电以沿着外部电极条带1066,1068的组织接触点之间的区域密封/凝结组织。还应当理解,在其中既不使用钳口1042,1044的任何内部来焊接/密封/凝结组织也不使用I形梁刀770(或其它特征结构)来切断组织的情况下,可使用外部电极条带1066,1068来密封/凝结组织。
V.具有交错齿状物的示例性钳口
在一些情况下,可能需要具有齿状物的钳口,所述齿状物具有沿着所述钳口的长度交替的定位。此类构型可提供用于将组织夹持并保持在钳口之间的增强的能力。此类构型还可提供增强的组织焊接/密封/凝结能力。除此之外或另选地,此类构型可诸如通过减少挤压柄部12,14以切断组织所需的力来有利于切断钳口之间的组织。图24-26示出了具有齿状物1152,1154的钳口1142,1144的示例性变型,所述齿状物具有沿着钳口1142,1144的长度交替的位置。具体地,齿状物1152不对称地定位在沿着下钳口1142的中心延伸的纵向线的相对侧。齿状物1154不对称地定位在沿着上钳口1142的中心延伸的纵向线的相对侧。一系列凹槽1156将齿状物1152沿着下钳口1142分开,从而形成棋盘式样式;而一系列类似的凹槽1158将齿状物1154沿着上钳口1144分开,从而也形成棋盘式样式。
如在图25-26中最佳所见,齿状物1152,1154和凹槽1156,1158的间距被配置成当钳口1142,1144闭合在一起时,使得齿状物1152嵌套在互补凹槽1158中,并且使得齿状物1154嵌套在互补凹槽1156中。在本实例中,每个齿状物1152,1154包含电绝缘材料,而凹槽1156,1158呈现导电表面。例如,钳口1142,1144可大体由导电材料(例如,金属)形成,其中齿状物1152,1154形成为钳口1142,1144的一体的特征结构,并且其中齿状物1152,1154用电绝缘材料(例如,塑料)涂覆,以使凹槽1156,1158的导电材料暴露。作为另一个仅例示性实例,钳口1142,1144可大体由呈现平坦内钳口表面的导电材料(例如,金属)形成,其中齿状物1152,1154完全由电绝缘材料(例如,塑料)形成,然后固定到钳口1142,1144的平坦内表面,以使凹槽1156,1158的导电材料暴露。参考本文的教导内容,可用以形成齿状物1152,1154的其它合适方式对本领域的普通技术人员而言将会显而易见。还应当理解,每个齿状物1152,1154的一个或多个边缘包括压力集中特征结构,诸如凸脊、凸峰、凸起边缘等等。
如在图25-26中还可见,齿状物1152,1154的横向内面1153,1155类似于上述区域62,72为斜角的。下钳口1142的凹槽1156表面具有负偏置,而上钳口1144的凹槽1158表面具有正偏置。此构型提供射频能量从凹槽1156表面到横向相关凹槽1158表面行进穿过夹紧在钳口1142,1144之间的组织的倾斜横向路径。此外,齿状物1152的远侧面1172和齿状物1152的近侧面1174、以及齿状物1154的远侧面1176和齿状物1154的近侧面1178均为斜角的。这些构型因此提供射频能量从凹槽1156表面到纵向相关凹槽1158表面行进穿过夹紧在钳口1142,1144之间的组织的倾斜纵向路径。换句话讲,射频能量可在凹槽1156,1158表面之间沿着倾斜路径朝远侧/朝近侧行进以及在凹槽1156,1158表面之间沿着倾斜路径横向地行进。在一些其它型式中,齿状物1152,1154间隔开,使得当钳口1142,1144闭合在一起时更大的间隙位于面1153,1155之间、面1172,1178之间和/或面1174,1176之间,使得当钳口1142,1144闭合在一起时对应的面1153,1155、面1172,1178和/或面1174,1176将不趋于彼此接触。参考本文的教导内容,齿状物1152,1154的其它合适构型和布置对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
钳口1142,1144还包括远侧齿状物1162和远侧齿状物窝1164。齿状物1162在此实例中具有三角形外形并且在钳口1142,1144闭合在一起时适配在齿状物窝1164内,如图24所示。在一些情况下,远侧齿状物1162和远侧齿状物窝1164的组合可向钳口1142,1144提供更大的组织夹持控制和/或类似于马里兰解剖器等的精撕裂解剖能力。除此之外或另选地,远侧齿状物1162和远侧齿状物窝1164的组合可提供相反的电极精烧灼(例如,与由齿状物1152,1154提供的偏置电极总异动烧灼相对比)。当然,远侧齿状物1162和远侧齿状物窝1164可具有任何合适构型和能力。还应当理解,如果需要,远侧齿状物1162和/或远侧齿状物窝1164可完全被省略。
VI.具有外部钝性分离特征结构的示例性钳口
在一些情况下,使用者可能希望使用钳口42,44来执行钝性分离。例如,使用者可能希望将钳口42,44驱动到组织中以在同一个解剖结构内将一个组织部分与另一个组织部分分离。作为另一个实例,使用者可能希望在一个解剖结构与邻近解剖结构之间驱动钳口42,44,以有效地将一个解剖结构的组织与所述邻近解剖结构剥离。此类钝性分离操作可随着钳口42,44保持闭合在一起而执行。此外,使用者可通过以下方式来执行钝性分离:在组织内或之间打开钳口42,44,使得打开的钳口42,44可有助于分离组织和/或解剖结构。图27-28示出了可提供以增强钳口42,44的钝性分离能力的示例性特征结构。参考本文的教导内容,钝性分离特征结构的其他实例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。应当理解,本文所述的钝性分离特征结构可易于应用到本文所述的钳口中的任一者。此外,应当理解,可在使用钳口来焊接/密封/凝结和/或切断组织之前或之后使用本文所述的钝性分离特征结构。
图27示出了一对钳口1242,1244,所述钳口具有相应组示例性外部横向楔形特征结构1246,1248。横向楔形特征结构1246,1248被形成为限定相应横向打开角度的成角度翼片。这些角度均具有相应的顶点,所述顶点沿着平行于钳口1242,1244的纵向轴线且与所述纵向轴线横向地偏置的轴线定位。当钳口1242,1244沿着横向于钳口1242,1244的纵向轴线的运动路径运动到组织中/之间时,横向楔形特征结构1246,1248可增强钝性分离能力。当钳口1242,1244定位在组织中或组织结构之间并且钳口1242,1244然后在保持横向/纵向固定的同时打开时,横向楔形特征结构1246,1248可基本上防止钳口1242,1244滑出相对于组织的位置。横向楔形特征结构1248还可用于刮削组织和/或执行其它动作。此外,当钳口1242,1244沿着平行于钳口1242,1244的纵向轴线的运动路径运动到组织中/之间时,横向楔形特征结构1246,1248可用于操纵组织。参考本文的教导内容,横向楔形特征结构1246,1248的其它合适变型和用途对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图28示出了一对钳口1342,1344,其中上钳口1344具有沿着上钳口1344的外表面纵向延伸的外部上峰脊1348。虽然未示出,但应当理解,下钳口1342也可具有峰脊。峰脊1348在此实例中沿着上钳口1344的全长延伸,但应当理解,峰脊1348可沿着任何合适的长度延伸。此外,峰脊1348沿着平行于钳口1342,1344的纵向轴线的路径延伸,但峰脊1348可另选地沿着任何其它合适路径延伸。峰脊1348在本实例中为尖的,但峰脊1348可相反为倒圆或具有任何其它合适构型。参考本文的教导内容,峰脊1348的其他合适构型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。应当理解,峰脊1348可诸如通过使由钳口1342,1344的外部施加的大量压力沿峰脊1348集中来提供抵靠组织的压力集中区域。峰脊1348还可有助于当钳口1342,1344在设置在组织中或组织结构之间的同时打开时保持钳口1342,1344相对于组织的横向定位。峰脊1348还可用于刮削组织和/或执行其它动作。参考本文的教导内容,峰脊1348的其它合适变型和用途对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图29示出了一对钳口1442,1444,所述钳口具有相应组示例性外部锯齿形特征结构1446,1448。锯齿形特征结构1446,1448被形成为限定相应朝近侧打开角度的成角度齿状物。这些角均具有沿着钳口1442,1444的纵向轴线定位的相应顶点。当钳口1442,1444沿着平行于钳口1442,1444的纵向轴线的运动路径运动到组织中/之间时,锯齿形特征结构1446,1448可增强钝性分离能力。当钳口1442,1444定位在组织中或组织结构之间并且钳口1442,1444然后在保持横向/纵向固定的同时打开时,锯齿形特征结构1446,1448可基本上防止钳口1442,1444滑出相对于组织的位置。锯齿形特征结构1446,1448还可用于刮削组织和/或执行其它动作。此外,当钳口1442,1444沿着横向于钳口1442,1444的纵向轴线的运动路径运动到组织中/之间时,锯齿形特征结构1446,1448可用于操纵组织。参考本文的教导内容,锯齿形特征结构1446,1448的其它合适变型和用途对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
VII.示例性夹钳控制件
如以上参照图1-3所述,可使用单个按钮16来选择性地激活电极表面以向夹紧在钳口42,44之间的组织递送射频能量。在一些此类型式中,单个按钮16只是在按钮16被致动时以一组操作参数(例如,频率、振幅等)来接通射频能量。射频能量只是在按钮16被释放时关闭。在一些情况下,可能需要基于待执行的特定操作来提供用于射频能量的多于一组参数。例如,组织焊接操作可需要第一射频能量参数组合(例如,较低振幅等),而组织切割操作可需要第二射频能量参数组合(例如,较高振幅等)。为此,可能需要提供一个或多个使用者输入特征结构,所述特征结构能够操作以选择性地以最适合手头任务的能量参数组合来激活射频能量。以下将更详细描述此类使用者输入特征结构的几个仅例示性实例,但参考本文的教导内容,其它实例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。应当理解,以下教导内容可易于以多种排列方式与任何以上教导内容组合。
图30示出了示例性夹钳器械1510,所述器械包括一对钳口1542,1544和一对提供剪刀式握持部的柄部1512,1514。下柄部1512包括一对纹理化触发按钮1516,1518。近侧触发按钮1516能够操作以利用第一操作参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1542,1544的电极表面;而远侧触发按钮1518能够操作以利用第二操作参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1542,1544的电极表面。仅以举例的方式,近侧触发按钮1516可利用与组织焊接/密封/凝结相关联的参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1542,1544的电极表面;而远侧触发按钮1518可利用与组织切割相关联的参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1542,1544的电极表面。如图所示,近侧触发按钮1516大于远侧触发按钮1518,从而向使用者提供仅基于触摸感觉而无需观察触发按钮1516,1518来区分触发按钮1516,1518的能力。
当然,触发按钮1516,1518可采取各种另选形式,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。例如,触发按钮1516,1518可被配置为朝近侧和朝远侧定位的柔性泡状物、具有不同尺寸的按钮、具有不同形状的按钮、滑块开关、具有多个可动位置的开关、具有不同颜色的按钮、或任何其它合适变型,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。还应当理解,器械1510可具有多于两个触发按钮(例如,以提供对多于两个射频能量参数组合的选择性激活,等等)。此外,除了或代替以第二参数组合激活射频能量,远侧触发按钮1518可以能够操作以致动I形梁刀或其它可动切割特征结构。
图31示出了示例性夹钳器械1610,所述器械包括一对钳口1642,1644、一对提供剪刀式握持部的柄部1612,1614和单个纹理化触发按钮1616。触发按钮1616能够在两个独立的阶段中通过一系列两个范围的渐进式运动朝近侧运动。具体地,触发按钮1616能够从远侧位置朝近侧运动到过渡位置。在这个阶段,触发按钮1616利用第一操作参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1642,1644的电极表面。仅以举例的方式,该第一操作参数组合可与组织焊接/密封/凝结相关联。触发按钮1616还能够从过渡位置朝近侧运动到近侧位置。在这个阶段,触发按钮1616利用第二操作参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1642,1644的电极表面。仅以举例的方式,该第二操作参数组合可与组织切割相关联。
应当理解,可使用棘爪和/或其它特征结构来向使用者提供指示第一运动范围完成(即,指示使用者已到达过渡位置)的反馈。此类反馈特征结构可向使用者提供触觉和/或听觉反馈。除此之外或另选地,可将灯或其它形式的视觉反馈用作给使用者的反馈的形式。当然,触发按钮1616可采取各种另选形式,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。还应当理解,触发按钮1616可在其运动范围内具有多于两个激活位置(例如,以提供对多于两个射频能量参数组合的选择性激活等等)。此外,除了或代替以第二参数组合激活射频能量,触发按钮1616的近侧位置可致动I形梁刀或其它可动切割特征结构。
应当理解,器械1510,1610被配置成使得使用者可易于使用握持器械1510,1610的手的同一手指来执行组织焊接/密封/凝结和切割的独立动作。在一些情况下,可能需要使用不同的手指来执行焊接/密封/凝结和切割的独立动作。图32示出了示例性夹钳器械1710,所述器械有利于使用不同的手指来执行焊接/密封/凝结和切割的独立动作,但应当理解,如果需要,使用者仍然可使用同一手指利用器械1710来执行焊接/密封/凝结和切割的独立动作。此实例的器械1710包括一对钳口1742,1744、一对提供剪刀式握持部的柄部1712,1714、远侧触发按钮1716和近侧枢转触发器1718。如图所示,远侧触发按钮1716被定位成由使用者的食指致动;而近侧枢转触发器1718被定位成由同一只手的中指致动。近侧枢转触发器1718能够在枢轴联接器1720处相对于柄部1712枢转。
远侧触发按钮1716能够操作以利用第一操作参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1742,1744的电极表面;而近侧枢转触发器1718能够操作以利用第二操作参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1742,1744的电极表面。仅以举例的方式,远侧触发按钮1716可以与组织焊接/密封/凝结相关联的参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1742,1744的电极表面;而近侧枢转触发器1718可以与组织切割相关联的参数组合的射频能量来激活钳口1742,1744的电极表面。应当理解,除了或代替以第二参数组合激活射频能量,近侧枢转触发器1718可以能够操作以致动正横刀或其它可动切割特征结构。
图33A-33C示出了示例性夹钳器械1810,所述夹钳器械具有能够操作以夹紧并密封组织的柄部1812,1814和钳口1842,1844。此实例的器械1810还包括触发构件1816,所述触发构件能够操作以控制钳口1842,1844的通电并且还能够操作以限制钳口1842,1844的运动。触发构件1816通过销1824与柄部1812枢转地联接;并且能够围绕销1824相对于柄部1812枢转。触发构件1816还包括可由使用者按下的按钮1820。按钮1820能够操作以如上所述利用射频能量来激活钳口1842,1844的电极表面,从而焊接/密封/凝结捕获在钳口1842,1844之间的组织。
触发构件1816的上部包括被成形为与上柄部1814的下侧互补的座1822。触发构件1816能够在图33A-33C所示的运动范围内围绕销1824枢转。具体地,当触发构件1816处于大体竖直位置时,触发构件1816使得柄部1812,1814能够如从图33A到图33B的过渡所示朝向彼此部分地枢转。这提供了钳口1842,1844的部分闭合。当柄部1812,1814和钳口1842,1844达到图33B所示的位置时,柄部1814接收于座1812中并且触发构件1816阻止柄部1812,1814和钳口1842,1844的进一步枢转。触发构件1816的长度被选择成在这个阶段提供钳口1842,1844之间的特定间隙。此间隙与组织压缩程度相关联,所述组织压缩程度与组织焊接/密封/凝结相关联。例如,此间隙可类似于图10B所示的钳口342,344之间的距离。在这个阶段,使用者可压下按钮1820以利用射频能量来激活钳口1842,1844的电极表面,从而焊接/密封/凝结捕获在钳口1842,1844之间的组织。
在使用者已如上所述利用射频能量压下按钮1820以激活钳口1842,1844的电极表面,并且钳口之间的组织已被充分焊接/密封/凝结之后,使用者可用附加的力来按压触发构件1816以使触发构件1816从图33B所示的位置枢转到图33C所示的位置。这使座1822运动成与上柄部1814脱离接合,以提供柄部1812,1814被拉近在一起的空隙,从而使得钳口1842,1844能够进一步朝向彼此驱动。具体地,使用者此刻可以足够的距离和力将钳口1842,1844朝向彼此驱动以切断捕获在钳口1842,1844之间的组织。例如,随着触发构件1816从图33B所示的位置枢转到图33C所示的位置,钳口1842,1844可达到类似于图10C所示的钳口342,344的定位的位置。根据上述,应当理解,触发构件1816可用于确保在切割组织之前适当地焊接/密封/凝结组织。换句话讲,触发构件1816对下柄部1814的暂时止动可提醒使用者激活按钮1820,从而在完成切割组织的动作之前焊接/密封/凝结组织。在本实例中,触发构件1816被弹性偏置到图33A所示的位置,从而阻止钳口1842,1844的默认完全闭合。
图34A-34C示出了具有钳口1942,1944和柄部1912,1914的另一个示例性夹钳器械1910。器械1910还包括具有按钮1920的触发器1916。触发器1916定位在柄部1912的槽1922内,使得触发器1916能够在槽1922内滑动。图34B示出了柄部1912,1914被朝向彼此推动以闭合钳口1942,1944;并且按钮1920被压下。按钮1920能够操作以在按钮1920如图34B所示被压下时利用射频能量来激活钳口1942,1944的电极表面,以焊接/密封/凝结捕获在钳口1942之间的组织。此实例的器械1910还包括枢转刀1970。刀1970包括刀片,所述刀片能够穿过形成于上钳口1944中的纵向延伸的槽,使得刀1970能够从上部位置(图34B)枢转到下部位置(图34C)。刀1970在此实例中枢转地联接在联接钳口1942,1944和柄部1912,1914的同一接头1980处,但应当理解,可使用单独的联接器。
刀1970的近侧端部呈现由触发器1916接合的杠杆臂1971。具体地,当触发器1916相对于柄部1912向上推动时,触发器1916向上推进杠杆臂1971。由于提供在接头1980处的枢轴,杠杆臂1971的此向上运动提供如在从图34B到图34C的过渡中所见的刀1970的刀片的向下运动。刀1970的刀片的此向下运动切断捕获在钳口1942,1944之间的组织。在一些型式中,下钳口1942提供切割板,刀1970的刀片抵靠所述切割板作用以便切断捕获在钳口1942,1944之间的组织。在本实例中,选择弹簧偏置件,使得使按钮1920从图34A所示的位置运动到图34B所示的位置所需的力量显著小于使触发器1916从图34A-34B所示的位置运动到图34C所示的位置所需的力量。因此,当使用者向上压住按钮1920和触发器1916时,按钮1920将在触发器1916在槽1922内运动之前被完全压下,使得钳口1942,1944的电极表面将在刀1970切断组织之前向捕获在钳口1942,1944之间的组织提供双极性射频能量。
在图34A-34C所示的实例中,通过沿着大体横向于柄部1912的路径推动触发器1916来致动刀1970。在一些其它型式中,沿着大体平行于柄部的路径推动触发器以便致动刀。例如,图35-36B示出了示例性夹钳器械2010,所述器械具有一对柄部2012,2014、一对钳口2042,2044和纵向滑动触发器2016。器械2010还包括具有锋利边缘2071的刀2070,所述刀能够操作以切断夹紧在钳口2042,2044之间的组织。此实例的刀2070还包括一对横向延伸的销2022和近侧接合腿2024。销2022设置在形成于上钳口2044中的斜角槽2020中。槽2020的构型和槽2020与销2022之间的关系提供当朝远侧/朝近侧驱动刀2070时刀2070沿着竖直面的运动。具体地,刀2070将在刀2070从远侧位置运动到近侧位置时向下运动;并且将在刀2070从近侧位置运动到远侧位置时向上运动。图36A示出了刀2070处于上部远侧位置。图36A示出了刀2070处于下部近侧位置,所述下部近侧位置为刀2070将切断捕获在钳口2042,2044之间的组织的位置。
如图35所示,刀2070的近侧接合腿2024与触发器2016联接。触发器2016能够相对于柄部2012朝近侧滑动。因此,使用者可相对于柄部2012朝近侧牵拉触发器2016以朝近侧牵拉刀2070,从而将刀2070向下驱动以切断组织。本实例的触发器2016被朝远侧弹性偏置,从而将刀2070偏置到图36A所示的上部位置。应当理解,触发器2016可包括类似于上述按钮1920的激活特征结构,以选择性地利用双极性射频能量来激活钳口2042,2044的电极表面。此类按钮可与触发器2016一起被配置用于阶段式致动,使得在组织被刀2070切断之前将射频能量施加到组织。
图35-36B示出了具有使用刀2070来切割夹紧在钳口2042,2044之间的组织的另选方式的夹钳器械2010的示例性另选型式。钳口2044包括能够操作以接合刀2070的凸轮槽2020的凸轮特征结构2022。刀2070具有大体以角的方式遵循钳口2044的轮廓的形状。刀2070还包括能够操作以接合触发器2016的接合腿2024。具体地,触发器2016可由使用者致动以使刀2070从图36A所示的位置运动到图36B所示的刀2070的位置。触发器2016抵靠接合腿2024朝近侧运动,从而朝近侧牵拉刀2070。当刀2070朝近侧运动时,刀2070也向下切,使得钳口2042,2044之间的任何组织将被刀2070切割。应当理解,在一些型式中,刀2070可弹簧偏置成呈现图36A所示的位置。
图37-38E示出了夹钳器械2110连同用于使组织通电并切割组织的特征结构的另一个示例性另选型式。此实例的器械2110包括一对柄部2112,2114和对应的一对钳口2142,2144,所述钳口能够操作以夹紧捕获在钳口2142,2144之间的组织并使其通电。器械2110还包括触发器2116,所述触发器与联接器2118连通并且能够操作以与联接器2118一起沿着柄部2112,2114运动。如在图37中最佳所见,联接器2118限定通道2124和联接臂2126。柄部2114以能够滑动的方式被设置在通道2124中,使得联接器2118可沿着柄部2114滑动。联接臂2126与触发器2116联接,使得当使用者按下触发器2116时,联接器2118沿着柄部2114滑动。应当理解,联接器2118和触发器2116可被偏置成呈现图38A所示的位置。
本实例的柄部2114包括一对片段,所述片段接合在接头2120处并且能够操作以在接头2120处相对于彼此枢转。柄部2114还包括枢转连杆2122,所述枢转连杆与平移刀2170枢轴连通,使得连杆2122能够操作以响应于柄部2114朝向柄部2112枢转而朝远侧推进刀2170。图38B示出了柄部2114被枢转到其中钳口2142,2144完全闭合并且由此被定位成夹紧组织的位置。应当指出的是,联接器2118在从图38A到图38B的过渡期间定位在接头2120上方,并且从而防止柄部2114的片段在接头2120处枢转。换句话讲,联接器2118在从图38A到图38B的过渡期间使柄部2114保持基本上直的。
在钳口2142,2144已夹住组织之后,则可如在图38C中所见朝远侧致动触发器2116,以对钳口2142,2144施加双极性射频能量来焊接/密封/凝结组织。朝远侧定位的触发器2116也将钳口2142,2144闭锁在一起处于闭合位置。当朝远侧致动触发器2116时,也使联接器2118沿着柄部2114朝远侧滑动,使得联接器2118不再包围接头2120。随着联接器2118处于远侧位置并且随着接头2120被有效地释放,使用者随后可将柄部2112,2114进一步朝向彼此挤压,从而使柄部2114的近侧片段在接头2120处相对于柄部2112的远侧片段枢转。柄部2114的近侧片段的此进一步枢转将连杆2122的远侧端部朝向远侧驱动,继而将刀2170朝远侧驱动以切断捕获在钳口2142,2144之间的组织。刀2170可具有I形梁构型或任何其它合适构型。在组织已被切断之后,使用者可释放柄部2114并且将触发器2116朝近侧牵拉回,从而使器械2110复位到图38E所示的位置。
图39-40B所示的夹钳器械2210组合图33A-33C的夹钳器械1810的特征结构与图34A-34C的夹钳器械1910的特征结构。具体地,此实例的器械2210包括柄部2212,2214、钳口2242,2244、枢转触发构件2216和枢转刀2270。触发构件2216通过销2217与柄部2212枢转地联接并且能够操作以通过选择性地止动柄部2212朝向柄部2214的运动来选择性地限制钳口2242,2244的运动。虽然图29-40B未示出,但应当理解,触发构件2216还可包括类似于上述按钮1820的特征结构,所述特征结构可如上所述选择性地利用射频能量来激活钳口2242,2244的电极表面,从而焊接/密封/凝结捕获在钳口2242,2244之间的组织。
触发构件2216的上部包括被成形为与上柄部2214的下侧互补的座2220。触发构件2216能够在图40A-40B所示的运动范围内围绕销2217枢转。具体地,当触发构件2016处于大体竖直位置时,触发构件2016使得柄部2212,2214能够如从图39到图40A的过渡所示部分地朝向彼此枢转。这提供钳口2242,2244的部分闭合。当柄部2212,2214和钳口2242,2244达到图40A所示的位置时,柄部2214接收于座2220中并且触发构件2216阻止柄部2212,2214和钳口2242,2244的进一步枢转。触发构件2216的长度被选择成在这个阶段提供钳口2242,2244之间的特定间隙。此间隙与组织压缩程度相关联,所述组织压缩程度与组织焊接/密封/凝结相关联。例如,此间隙可类似于图10B所示的钳口342,344之间的距离。在这个阶段,使用者可利用射频能量来激活钳口2242,2244的电极表面,从而焊接/密封/凝结捕获在钳口2242,2244之间的组织。
在使用者已如上所述利用射频能量激活钳口2242,2244的电极表面,并且钳口之间的组织已被充分焊接/密封/凝结之后,使用者可压住触发构件2216以使触发构件2216从图40A所示的位置枢转到图40B所示的位置。这使座2220运动成与上柄部2214脱离接合,以提供柄部2212,2214被拉近在一起的空隙,从而使得钳口2242,2244能够进一步朝向彼此驱动。此附加的空隙还使得上柄部2214能够致动枢转刀2270,如以下将更详细描述。
本实例的刀2270包括刀片,所述刀片能够穿过形成于上钳口2244中的纵向延伸的槽,使得刀2270能够从上部位置(图40B)枢转到下部位置(图40B)。刀2270在此实例中枢转地联接在联接钳口2242,2244和柄部2212,2214的同一接头2280处,但应当理解,可使用单独的联接器。刀2270的近侧端部呈现由致动臂2218接合的杠杆臂2271,所述致动臂枢转地固定到下柄部2212。致动臂2218在此实例中弯曲成钝角,其中远侧部分接触杠杆臂2271的下侧。致动臂2218的近侧部分被定位用于由上柄部2214的突起2115接合。具体地,当上柄部2214从图40A所示的位置枢转到图40B所示的位置时,突起2115将致动臂2218的近侧部分向下驱动。这导致致动臂2218的远侧部分向上枢转,继而将刀2270的杠杆臂2271向上驱动。杠杆臂2271的此向上运动提供如在从图40A到图40B的过渡中所见的刀2270的刀片的向下运动。刀2270的刀片的此向下运动切断捕获在钳口2242,2244之间的组织。在一些型式中,下钳口2242提供切割板,刀2270的刀片抵靠所述切割板作用以便切断捕获在钳口2242,2244之间的组织。
图41-42C示出了能够操作以防止刀2370的无意致动的夹钳器械2310的另一个示例性型式。此实例的器械2310包括柄部2312,2314和钳口2342,2344。刀2370纵向延伸穿过轴2313并且能够操作以朝远侧推进以切割夹紧在钳口2342,2344之间的组织。刀2370的远侧部分在此实例中具有I形梁构型,但应当理解,可使用任何其它合适构型。柄部2314具有与连杆2322枢转地联接的弯曲远侧部分2320,所述连杆进一步与刀2370的近侧端部枢转地联接。器械2310还包括触发器2316,所述触发器能够操作以选择性地防止柄部2314朝向柄部2312运动。具体地,并且如在图42A中最佳所见,触发器2316的杆状物2317接合形成于柄部2314的远侧部分2320中的凹口2318,使得触发器2316能够操作以阻止柄部2314的运动。
如图42B所示,触发器2316可枢转以使杆状物2317从凹口2318脱离,从而释放柄部2314。随着柄部2314从触发器2316释放,使用者可使柄部2314朝向柄部2312枢转,也如图42B所示。柄部2312的此运动经由连杆2322将刀2370朝远侧驱动。刀2370具有上凸缘2372和下凸缘2373,所述上凸缘和所述下凸缘与钳口2342,2344相互作用以将上钳口2344朝向下钳口2342驱动,使得钳口2342,2344响应于刀2370的远侧推进而闭合。钳口2342,2344和刀2370因此可在刀2370朝远侧驱动时夹紧并切断组织。在一些型式中,钳口2342,2344还包括电极表面,所述电极表面能够操作以向夹紧在钳口2342,2344之间的组织递送双极性射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织。仅以举例的方式,射频激活按钮可并入触发器2316和/或器械2310内的其它地方。在器械2310已对组织执行所需的操作之后,使用者可将触发器2314释放到图41所示的原始位置。这将刀2370朝近侧牵拉回,从而最终如图42C所示将钳口2342,2344向回打开。如果需要,使用者可枢转触发器2316以使杆状物2317重新接合于凹口2318中,从而如图42A所示重新锁定柄部2314。
图43A-43D示出了具有钳口2442,2444和柄部2412,2414的另一个示例性夹钳器械2410。刀2470能够操作以朝远侧推进穿过柄部2412以切割夹紧在钳口2442,2444之间的组织。刀2470的远侧部分在此实例中具有I形梁构型,但应当理解,可使用任何其它合适构型。刀2470与连杆2422枢转地联接,所述连杆进一步与柄部2414枢转地联接。触发器2416能够操作以选择性地阻止刀2470的远侧运动。具体地,触发器2416能够选择性地接合形成于刀2470中的横向凹口2424。当触发器2416接合凹口2424时,刀2470不能朝远侧运动。当触发器2416从凹口2424脱离时,刀2470自由地朝远侧运动。
图43A示出了钳口2442,2444打开。使用者通过如在图43B中所见将柄部2412,2414挤压在一起来闭合钳口2442,2444。当刀2470闭合到柄部2412中时,触发器2416接合刀2470的凹口2424,使得刀2470无法推进。钳口2442,2444夹住可能定位在钳口2442,2444之间的组织。使用者然后可激活电极表面,所述电极表面能够操作以向夹紧在钳口2442,2444之间的组织递送双极性射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织。仅以举例的方式,射频激活按钮可并入触发器2416和/或器械2410内的其它地方。不管牵拉触发器2416是否激活电极表面,使用者均可牵拉触发器2416以使触发器2416从刀2470的凹口2424脱离,如图43C所示。随着触发器2416从凹口2424脱离,使用者可完成柄部2414朝向柄部2412的枢转,从而经由连杆2422将刀2470朝远侧驱动,如图43D所示。刀2470的此远侧推进切断捕获在钳口2442,2444之间的组织。
图44A-44B示出了可用于选择性地防止刀的远侧推进的另选组件。具体地,图44A-44B示出了具有I形梁远侧端部构型和横向凹口2572的刀2570。销2574能够操作以选择性地接合凹口2572,从而选择性地防止刀2570被朝远侧推进。销2574固定到电活性层合体2550的远侧端部,所述电活性层合体2550与一对导线2546,2548联接。
在一些型式中,电活性层合体2550包括响应于热量而膨胀或收缩的热敏材料层,其中所述热量是在电流被传输穿过导线2546,2548时生成的。在一些其它型式中,电活性层合体2550包括响应于电流被传输穿过导线2546,2548而膨胀或收缩的电活性聚合物层。参考本文的教导内容,用于电活性层合体2550的其它合适材料和构造对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。如在图44B中可见,使电流穿过导线2546,2548导致电活性层合体2550弯曲,从而将销2574驱动成与凹口2572脱离接合,由此释放刀2570朝远侧平移。应当理解,此构型(及其变型)可用于本文关于可动刀所述的实例中的任一个。还应当理解,可提供逻辑电路以防止电流流动穿过导线2546,2548,直到电极已对组织施加双极性射频能量。仅以举例的方式,所述电路可防止电流流动穿过导线2546,2548,直到与组织相关联的阻抗值达到指示射频能量充分焊接/密封组织的水平。参考本文的教导内容,其他合适变型对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图45-46示出了另一个示例性夹钳器械2610,所述器械具有钳口2642,2644和柄部2612,2614和用于控制刀2670的推进的机构。器械2610包括刀2670,所述刀能够操作以在柄部2614内推进并包括具有I形梁构型的远侧端部。柄部2614包括与一对小齿轮2622接合的齿条2620,所述小齿轮进一步与刀2670上的齿条齿2672接合。当柄部2614朝向柄部2612向下挤压时,齿条2620向下运动以使小齿轮2622旋转,从而如在图46中所见朝远侧推进刀2670。然而,使用具有闩锁2618的弹簧偏置触发器2616来选择性地防止刀2670的推进,所述闩锁能够操作以在刀2670的近侧端部处接合接收闩锁2674。闩锁2618,2674的定位和构型防止刀2670在闩锁2618,2674被接合时朝远侧推进。闩锁2618,2674可通过使用者压下触发器2616来脱离,使得使用者必须使触发器2616保持处于压下位置以便朝远侧推进刀2670。弹簧2617将闩锁2618偏置成与闩锁2674接合。仅以举例的方式,射频激活按钮可并入触发器2616和/或器械2610内的其它地方,以提供对电极表面的激活,所述电极表面能够操作以向夹紧在钳口2642,2644之间的组织递送双极性射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织。
图47A-47B示出了夹钳器械2710的另一个示例性型式,所述器械具有钳口2742,2744和柄部2712,2714和用于控制刀(未示出)的推进的机构。具体地,柄部2714与连杆2722连通,所述连杆能够操作以接合柄部2712的凹口2724。连杆2722和2724之间的接合可为使用者滑动刀按钮2772提供附加稳定性,如在图47B中所见。虽然刀按钮2772在所述示例性型式中示出为滑块开关,但应当理解,刀按钮2772可包括任何合适开关,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。致动刀按钮2772能够操作以将弯曲刀片推进穿过柄部2714以切割钳口2742,2744之间的组织。在一些型式中,柄部2714为至少部分地柔性的以有利于刀的推进。触发器2716能够操作以选择性地激活钳口2742,2744中的暴露电极表面以向夹紧在钳口2742,2744之间的组织递送双极性射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织。
图48示出了夹钳器械2810的另一个示例性型式,所述器械具有钳口2842,2844和柄部2812,2814和用于控制刀2870的推进的机构。器械2810包括通过闭合柄部2814使其抵靠柄部2812来致动的柄部触发器2816。如在图49A中所见,触发器2816形成供刀2870穿过的通道2818。弹簧2820将触发器2816偏置到向上位置,如在图49A中最佳所见。在此位置中,触发器2816设置在形成于刀2870中的横向凹口2871中。此接合防止刀2870纵向运动。当闭合柄部2814使其抵靠柄部2812以闭合钳口2842,2844时,柄部2814最终克服弹簧2820的偏置将触发器2816向下驱动。如图49B所示,这使触发器2816从横向凹口2871脱离并且使得刀2870能够朝远侧行进。在一些型式中,刀2870被朝远侧弹性偏置,使得触发器2816一从横向凹口2871脱离,刀2870就将朝远侧平移。在一些其它型式中,使用单独的致动器来将刀2870朝远侧驱动。除了有效地解锁刀2870以外,触发器2816还在触发器2816被驱动到图49B所示的向下位置时闭合电开关。具体地,此接通激活钳口2842,2844中的暴露电极表面以向夹紧在钳口2842,2844之间的组织递送双极性射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织的电路。另选地,可使用单独的激活特征结构来接通所述电路。
图50示出了夹钳器械2910的另一个示例性型式,所述器械具有钳口2942,2944和柄部2912,2914和用于控制刀2970的推进的机构。刀2970包括具有I形梁构型的远侧端部和具与齿轮2926接合的驱动特征结构的近侧端部。齿轮2926与马达2928的驱动轴2930联接。因此,马达2928能够操作以将刀2970朝远侧驱动以切断夹紧在钳口2942,2944之间的组织。柄部2912包括触发器2916,所述触发器能够操作以既激活马达2928又激活钳口2942,2944中的暴露电极表面,以向夹紧在钳口2942,2944之间的组织递送双极性射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织。在此实例中,触发器2916能够提供类似于上述触发按钮1616的两阶段致动,使得触发器2916能够操作以在触发器2916被致动到第一位置时激活双极性射频电极,并且使得触发器2916能够操作以在触发器2916被致动到第二位置时激活马达2928。当然,可提供任何其它合适的使用者输入特征结构。
柄部2912还包括止挡器2920,所述止挡器被定位成止动柄部2914朝向柄部2912的枢转。具体地,旋转凸轮2922被定位在止挡器2920下面并且能够操作以根据凸轮2922的旋转位置使止挡器2920保持处于上部位置或允许止挡器2920向下行进。马达2924能够操作以选择性地旋转凸轮2922。马达2924与和触发器2916相同的电路连通。控制逻辑能够响应于一种或多种状况来激活马达2924。在一些型式中,马达2924在触发器2916致动到第二位置时激活。除此之外或另选地,只有当在触发器2916达到第二位置之后与组织相关联的阻抗值达到指示射频能量充分焊接/密封组织的水平时,控制逻辑才可激活马达2924。参考本文的教导内容,用于激活马达2924的其他合适条件对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。应当理解,当止挡器2920处于上部位置时,钳口2942,2944因柄部2914不能完全朝向柄部2912枢转而只可行进到局部闭合位置。即使在该部分闭合位置中,钳口2942,2944也足够夹紧在组织上以焊接/密封/凝结组织。然而,钳口2942,2944的仅部分闭合将防止刀2970能够朝远侧平移穿过钳口2942,2944。换句话讲,钳口2942,2944在此实例中必须完全闭合才能使刀2970朝远侧平移,并且钳口2942,2944的完全闭合只有当止挡器2920处于向下位置时才成为可能。
VIII.示例性能量控制特征结构
在上述实例中,使用触发器、按钮或其它类型的使用者输入特征结构以选择性地激活钳口中的暴露电极表面,以向夹紧在钳口之间的组织递送双极性射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结组织。在一些情况下,这些使用者输入特征结构可在钳口充分闭合在组织上之前致动。因此,在一些情况下,可能需要提供要求钳口在射频能量可递送到钳口中的电极表面之前闭合到某种程度的电路特征结构。以下将更详细描述此类特征结构的几个实例,但参考本文的教导内容,其它实例对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。应当理解,可使用以下特征结构来补充或代替触发器、按钮或其它类型的使用者输入特征结构。换句话讲,可使用以下特征结构来提供电极在钳口充分闭合时的自动激活(例如,使得触发器、按钮或其它使用者输入特征结构被省略);或提供电路闭锁件或安全开关以使触发器、按钮或其它类型的使用者输入特征结构变得不能操作,直到钳口充分闭合。参考本文的教导内容,可用以将以下教导内容并入上述多种器械的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
图51A示出了夹钳器械3010的示例性型式,所述器械具有钳口3042,3044和柄部3012,3014和用于控制电流动穿过器械3010的机构。第一导线3046与钳口3044中的一个或多个电极表面连通;而第二导线3048与钳口3042中的一个或多个电极表面电连通。第三导线3050和第一导线3046与功率源(未示出)连通。第三导线3050还与柄部3012的第一棘齿接触垫3018连通;而第二导线3048与柄部3014的第二棘齿接触垫3020连通。第一垫3018和第二垫3020能够在柄部3012,3014朝向彼此枢转以闭合钳口3042,3044时啮合在一起。当垫3018,3020联接在一起时,垫3018,3020接通第二导线3048与第三导线3050之间的电路径,从而将第二导线3048与功率源联接。随着第一导线3046和第二导线3048与功率源联接,功率源能够操作以向导线3046,3048递送双极性射频能量,从而焊接/密封/凝结夹紧在钳口3042,3044之间的组织。
图52示出了具有滑环3120的柄部3112,3114的一部分的另一个示例性型式,所述滑环用于阻止能量流动,除非柄部3112,3114闭合。具体地,绝缘导线3122在滑环3120处断开,直到柄部3114闭合到滑环3120中。应当理解,柄部3112,3114中的任一个可容纳有源导线,而另一个可容纳回路导线。
图53A-53B示出了钳口3242,3244以及柄部3212,3214的一部分的另一个型式。导线3246,3248与功率源连通,并且由此能够操作以向钳口3242,3244递送双极性射频能量。弹簧触点3220能够操作以通过在处于图53A所示的位置时打开导线3246来选择性地提供与钳口3244的电连通。当柄部3212,3214和钳口3242,3244闭合时,弹簧触点3220也闭合,从而使得能量能够如图53B所示递送到钳口3244。应当理解,可使用调节电流至钳口3242,3244的其它合适方式,参考本文的教导内容,这对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
IX.杂项
应当理解,本文所述的器械10的任何型式可包括除上述那些之外或代替上述那些的各种其他特征结构。仅以举例的方式,本文的任何装置还可包括以引用方式并入本文的各种参考文献任一个中公开的各种特征结构中的一种或多种。除此之外或另选地,本文的任何装置还可包括以下专利中所公开的各种特征结构中的一种或多种:2012年5月2日提交的名称为“Electrosurgical Device for Cutting and Coagulating”的美国临时申请序列号1/641,443,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。参考本文的教导内容,可用以组合此类教导内容的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将是显而易见的。
还应当理解,本文所述装置中的任何装置可以改进,以包括马达或其他电动装置,从而驱动以其他方式手动运动的部件。此类改进的各种示例在2012年5月10日公布的名称为“Motor Driven Electrosurgical Device with Mechanical and ElectricalFeedback”的美国公布2012/0116379中有所描述,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。参考本文的教导内容,马达或其他电动装置可并入本文装置中的任何装置中的各种其他合适方式对本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见。
还应当理解,本文所述的装置中的任何装置都可以改进,以在医疗装置本身内包括所需部件的大部分(如果不是全部的话)。更具体地,本文所述的装置可被适配为适于使用内部或可附接的电源,而不需要将装置通过缆线插入外部电源。医疗装置可如何适于包括便携式电源的各种示例公开于2010年11月5日提交的名称为“Energy-Based SurgicalInstruments”的美国临时申请序列号61/410,603,其公开内容以引用方式并入本文。参考本文的教导内容,电源可并入本文装置中的任何装置中的各种其他合适方式对本领域的普通技术人员将显而易见。
虽然本文的实例主要是以电外科器械的背景下进行描述的,但应当理解,本文的各种教导内容可易于应用到各种其他类型的装置。仅以举例的方式,本文的各种教导内容可易于应用到其它类型的电外科器械、组织抓紧器、组织恢复囊部署器械、外科缝合器、外科施夹钳、超声外科器械等。还应当理解,本文的教导内容可易于应用到在本文所引用的参考文献中的任何参考文献中描述的任何器械,使得本文的教导内容可易于以多种方式与本文所引用的参考文献中的任何参考文献的教导内容结合。可以与本文的教导相结合的其它类型的器械对于本领域普通技术人员将是显而易见的。
应当理解,本文所述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等中的任何一个或多个可与本文所述其它教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等中的任何一个或多个结合。因此上述教导内容、表达方式、实施例、实例等不应视为彼此隔离。参考本文教导内容,其中本文教导内容可结合的各种合适方式对于本领域的普通技术人员而言将会显而易见。此类修改以及变型旨在包括在权利要求书的范围内。
应当理解,所述以引用的方式并入本文的任何专利、出版物或其它公开材料,无论是全文或部分,仅在所并入的材料与本公开中给出的定义、陈述或者其它公开材料不冲突的范围内来并入本文。由此,在必要程度下,本文所明确阐述的公开内容将会取代以引用的方式并入本文的任何相冲突的材料。如果据述以引用的方式并入本文但与本文所述现有定义、陈述或者其它公开材料相冲突的任何材料或其部分,仅在所并入的材料与现有公开材料之间不产生冲突的程度下并入本文。
上文所述装置型式可适用于医学专家所执行的常规医疗处理和手术中,并且可适用于机器人辅助的医疗处理和手术中。仅以举例的方式,本文的各种教导内容可易于并入诸如由Sunnyvale,California的Intuitive Surgical公司提供的DAVINCITM系统的机器人外科系统中。类似地,本领域的普通技术人员将认识到,本文的各种教导内容可易于与2004年8月31日公布的名称为“Robotic Surgical Tool with Ultrasound Cauterizing andCutting Instrument”的美国专利6,783,524的各种教导内容相结合,该专利的公开内容以引用方式并入本文。
上文所述型式可设计为在单次使用后丢弃,或者它们可设计为能够使用多次。在上述任一种或两种情况下,都可针对这些型式进行修复,以便在使用至少一次后重复使用。修复可以包括以下步骤任何组合:拆卸装置,然后清洗或者更换特定部件,并且随后重新组装。具体地,可以拆卸所述装置中的一些型式,并可选择性地以任何组合的形式更换或者移除所述装置中任何数量的特定件或部件。在清洗和/或更换特定零件时,所述装置的一些型式可在修复设施中重新组装或在即将进行手术前由用户重新组装以供随后使用。本领域的技术人员将会知道,装置修复可以利用多种技术进行拆卸、清洗/更换以及重新组装。这些技术的使用以及所得的被修复装置均在本发明的范围内。
仅以举例方式,本文所述型式可在手术之前和/或之后进行消毒。在一种消毒技术中,装置放置在闭合且密封的容器、诸如塑料袋或TYVEK袋中。随后,可将容器和装置放置在可穿透容器的诸如γ辐射、X射线或高能电子等的辐射场中。辐射可以杀死装置上和容器中的细菌。消毒后的装置随后可以存放在消毒容器中,以备以后使用还可使用在本领域中已知的任何其它技术进行装置消毒,所述技术包括但不限于β辐射或γ辐射、环氧乙烷或者蒸汽消毒。
尽管已在本发明中示出并描述了多个型式,但是本领域的普通技术人员可在不脱离本发明的范围的前提下进行适当修改以对本文所述的方法和系统进一步地改进。已经提及若干此类可能的修改,并且其它修改对于本领域的技术人员而言将会显而易见。例如,上文所讨论的实例、实施例、几何形状、材料、尺寸、比率、步骤等均是示例性的而非所要求的。因此,本发明的范围应根据以下权利要求书进行考虑,并且应理解为不限于说明书和附图中示出并描述的结构以及操作细节。

Claims (15)

1.一种设备,包括:
(a)第一钳口,其中所述第一钳口包括第一大致平坦的区域、第一倾斜的过渡区域、第二大致平坦的区域和第一电极表面;
(b)第二钳口,所述第二钳口与所述第一钳口枢转地联接,其中所述第二钳口包括第三大致平坦的区域、第二倾斜的过渡区域、第四大致平坦的区域和第二电极表面,其中所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口能够夹持组织,其中所述第一电极表面和所述第二电极表面彼此横向地且竖直地偏置;
(c)第一柄部,所述第一柄部与所述第一钳口连通;和
(d)第二柄部,所述第二柄部与所述第二钳口连通,其中所述第一柄部和所述第二柄部能够操作以将所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口驱动到闭合位置以夹持组织;
其中所述第一大致平坦的区域与所述第三大致平坦的区域互补,第一倾斜的过渡区域与第二倾斜的过渡区域互补,第二大致平坦的区域与第四大致平坦的区域互补;
其中当所述第一钳口和第二钳口闭合时,每个区域与其互补区域嵌套。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述第一钳口包括能够接收第一插件的第一槽,并且所述第二钳口包括能够接收第二插件的第二槽。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,还包括:
(a)设置在所述第一槽中的第一插件;和
(b)设置在所述第二槽中的第二插件,
其中所述第一插件和所述第二插件包括彼此横向地且竖直地偏置的互补表面。
4.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述第一插件或所述第二插件中的一者或两者包括能够切割组织的压力集中特征结构。
5.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口一起限定中心纵向轴线,其中所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口沿着穿过所述纵向轴线的竖直面横向地居中,其中所述第一电极表面和所述第二电极表面能够操作以沿着横向穿过所述纵向轴线且倾斜地直至所述竖直面的路径向组织递送双极性射频能量。
6.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述第一钳口包括以棋盘状样式布置的一系列交替的电极表面和绝缘部分,其中所述第二钳口包括以与所述第一钳口的棋盘状样式互补的棋盘状样式布置的一系列交替的电极表面和绝缘部分。
7.根据权利要求6所述的设备,还包括所述第一钳口的远侧端部处的齿状物,其中所述第二钳口包括能够接收所述齿状物的窝。
8.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述第一钳口的外部包括能够执行钝性分离的至少一个突起。
9.根据权利要求1所述的设备,还包括可动切割构件,其中所述可动切割构件能够操作以切断夹紧在所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口之间的组织。
10.根据权利要求9所述的设备,还包括切割构件闭锁特征结构,其中所述切割构件闭锁特征结构能够操作以基于所述第一电极表面和所述第二电极表面的激活状态来选择性地阻止所述切割构件运动。
11.根据权利要求1所述的设备,还包括枢转构件,所述枢转构件能够操作以限制所述第一柄部相对于所述第二柄部的运动,其中所述枢转构件能够操作以在所述枢转构件处于第一位置时允许所述第一柄部相对于所述第二柄部运动到部分闭合位置,其中所述枢转构件能够操作以在所述枢转构件处于第二位置时允许所述第一柄部从所述部分闭合位置运动到完全闭合位置。
12.根据权利要求11所述的设备,还包括与所述枢转构件一体的激活按钮,其中所述激活按钮能够操作以利用双极性射频能量来激活所述第一电极表面和所述第二电极表面。
13.根据权利要求1所述的设备,还包括:
(a)刀,所述刀能够平移穿过所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口;
(b)柄部部分,所述柄部部分与所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口连通,其中所述柄部部分能够操作以闭合所述第一钳口使其抵靠所述第二钳口;
(c)触发器,所述触发器设置在所述柄部部分上,其中所述触发器能够使所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口通电,其中所述触发器还能够将所述刀推进穿过所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口;和
(d)闭锁特征结构,所述闭锁特征结构能够操作以基于所述第一钳口和所述第二钳口的通电状态来选择性地阻止所述刀推进。
14.根据权利要求13所述的设备,其中所述闭锁特征结构包括与所述刀相关联的凹口,其中所述触发器被弹簧偏置以接合所述凹口,从而阻止所述刀推进。
15.根据权利要求1所述的一种设备,其中所述第一钳口包括导电部分和绝缘插件,其中所述绝缘插件能够使所述导电部分的一部分暴露以提供所述第一电极表面;
其中所述第二钳口包括导电部分和绝缘插件,其中所述绝缘插件能够使所述导电部分的一部分暴露以提供所述第二电极表面;并且
其中所述第一钳口的绝缘表面被定位成接触所述第二电极表面,其中所述第二钳口的绝缘表面被定位成接触所述第一电极表面。
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