CN104943260B - 一种吸声隔音复合材料的制备方法及其复合材料 - Google Patents
一种吸声隔音复合材料的制备方法及其复合材料 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种用废弃茶叶制备吸声隔音复合材料的方法及其复合材料，一种吸声隔音复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：⑴制备吸声材料：将茶叶与热塑性聚氨酯，层叠、热压、冷却成型；⑵制备隔音材料：将氯化聚乙烯粉末混炼成胶片与涤纶织物逐层贴合、热压、冷却成型；⑶由内而外依次将吸声材料与隔音材料层叠组合。本发明的制备方法简单易行，容易实现，作为原料的废弃茶叶，资源丰富，降低生产成本，解决环境污染，具有良好的社会效益。同时，制备的吸声隔音复合材料，具有良好的吸声隔音性能和力学性能；且力学性能优异。可以广泛应用到室内装饰材料领域，带来良好的经济效益。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种吸声隔音复合材料及其制备方法，属于可再生资源利用的技术领域。
背景技术
众所周知，随着工业化和现代化的发展，噪音污染变得越来越严重。噪音污染是属于一种无型的污染，其对人类的影响是一个长期积淀的过程，严重危害人们的学习、工作以及身体健康等。另一方面，作为以听闻为重要功能的声学建筑和较大体积的室内，如录音室、演播室、电影院、音乐厅、会议室等，其室内音质的好坏不仅取决于声源条件，而且取决于室内声学材料的设计安装。通过使用声学材料来调整和降低室内混响时间以提高室内的语言清晰度，改善听闻条件。因此，如何有效地控制噪音污染，开发出降噪性能优异的吸声隔音材料是亟待解决的课题。
我国茶叶种植面积居世界首位，年总产量位居世界第一，平均每年茶叶生产量可达147.5万吨。据相关数据统计，我国生产茶饮料所产生的废弃茶叶每年超过4万吨。这些废弃茶叶目前基本上被扔进垃圾桶，被当作农业废料抛弃，其中只有很少一部分被用来作为肥料或饲料添加剂，废弃茶叶再利用率极低，造成资源的巨大浪费。如何将其充分合理地利用，制备高附加值产品，已迫在眉睫。
发明内容
本发明的目的之一在于提供一种用废弃茶叶制备吸声隔音复合材料的方法，以废弃茶叶、聚氨酯、涤纶织物、氯化聚乙烯为原料制备得到吸声隔音性能良好、力学性能优异的复合材料。
为了实现本发明的目的采用如下技术方案：
一种吸声隔音复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
⑴制备吸声材料：将废弃茶叶与热塑性聚氨酯，层叠、热压、冷却成型；本发明所述的层叠是指废弃茶叶与热塑性聚氨酯的交替铺层，每层质量均匀，上下边缘层为热塑性聚氨酯。
⑵制备隔音材料：将氯化聚乙烯粉末混炼成胶片与涤纶织物逐层贴合、热压、冷却成型；本发明所述的逐层贴合是指氯化聚乙烯胶片与涤纶织物的交替铺层，每层质量均匀，上下边缘层为氯化聚乙烯胶片。
⑶由内而外依次将吸声材料与隔音材料层叠组合。
作为优选的方案，步骤⑴中，以重量份计，所述茶叶与热塑性聚氨酯分别为55-65份、35-45份。
作为优选的方案，步骤⑴中，所述热塑性聚氨酯为薄膜状，厚度为0.2-1mm，密度1.2-1.4g/cm3，熔融温度120-130℃；优选均匀、无孔、平滑的薄膜状热塑性聚氨酯。
作为优选的方案，步骤⑴中，所述茶叶为废弃茶叶，且经干燥预处理，干燥预处理是在80-100℃的烘箱中，干燥处理6-8小时。
作为优选的方案，步骤⑴中，所述热压的温度为170-180℃、热压的压力为1-3Mpa、热压的时间为10-18min。
作为优选的方案，步骤⑵中，所述氯化聚乙烯粉末的氯化度为35％，涤纶织物的厚度为0.5-1.5mm，涤纶织物的平方米克重为130-300g/m2。。
作为优选的方案，步骤⑵中，以重量份计，所述氯化聚乙烯粉末与涤纶织物分别为40-60份、40-60份。
作为优选的方案，步骤⑵中的混炼是将氯化聚乙烯粉末在温度为65℃的双辊混炼机上混炼成胶片；所述热压的温度为140-160℃、热压的压力2-5Mpa、热压的时间为8-15min。
作为优选的方案，所述步骤⑴、步骤⑵的冷却成型的温度为30-40℃。
本发明的另一目的是提供一种用废弃茶叶制备的吸声隔音复合材料，采用以上任一种方法制备，制得的吸声隔音复合材料，厚度为10-18mm；降噪系数为0.5-0.7((降噪系数NRC是在250、500、1000、2000Hz测得的吸声系数的平均值，NRC小于0.2的材料是反射材料，NRC大于等于0.2的材料是吸声材料，NRC大于0.5的材料是理想吸声材料)；平均隔声量(工程上常用的100～3150Hz l6个1/3倍频程中心频率下的隔声量的算术平均值来作为试样的平均隔声量)为30-34dB；拉伸强度为18-22MPa；弯曲强度为23-27MPa；冲击强度为1-1.5J·cm-2。
本发明以废弃茶叶为增强材料，以聚氨酯薄膜为基体材料，通过铺层-热压法制备吸声材料；将氯化聚乙烯混炼成胶片，与涤纶织物逐层贴合、热压、冷却成型，制备隔音材料。将吸声材料与隔音材料层叠组合，且吸声材料在前，隔音材料在后，制备吸声隔音复合材料。本发明的制备方法简单易行，容易实现，作为原料的废弃茶叶，资源丰富，降低生产成本，解决环境污染，具有良好的社会效益。首先，将大量的废弃茶叶合理利用，具有绿色环保和节约资源的重要意义；同时，制备的吸声隔音复合材料，具有良好的吸声隔音性能和力学性能，且力学性能优异。可以广泛应用到室内装饰材料领域，带来良好的经济效益。可以广泛应用到室内装饰材料领域，带来良好的经济效益。
附图说明
本发明附图3幅，
图1为吸声材料结构示意图；
图2为隔音材料结构示意图；
图3为隔声材料隔声量-频率曲线；
图中，1茶叶；2热塑性聚氨酯；3氯化聚乙烯胶片；4涤纶织物。
具体实施方式
下述非限制性实施例可以使本领域的普通技术人员更全面地理解本发明，但不以任何方式限制本发明。
本发明实施例中，废弃茶叶吸声隔音复合材料的各项理化性能是通过如下方法测定得到的：
1.吸声系数：GB/T 18696.2-2002《声学阻抗管中吸声系数和声阻抗的测量第2部分传递函数法》。
2.隔声量：GB/T31004，采用SW422/SW477阻抗管吸声隔音测试系统测得传递损失表征。
3.拉伸强度：GB/T 1447-2005《纤维增强塑料拉伸性能试验方法》。
4.弯曲强度：GB/T 1449-2005《纤维增强塑料弯曲性能试验方法》。
5.冲击强度：GB/T 1451-2005《纤维增强塑料冲击性能试验方法》。
实施例1
下面列举实施例对本发明进行详细说明。但本发明不受下述实施例的限制，在符合本发明前后宗旨的范围内，可对本发明做任意变化，这些变化均包括在本发明的技术范围内。
⑴制备吸声材料
a.选取烘干的废弃茶叶150g，0.2mm厚度聚氨酯薄膜100g；
b.将聚氨酯薄膜和废弃茶叶交替铺层，16层聚氨酯薄膜(0.2mm/层)，15层废弃茶叶(每层10g，0.65mm/层)，上下边缘层为聚氨酯薄膜，放在160mm*160mm的模具里，热压压力为1MPa，热压温度为175℃的平板硫化机里热压15min，得到厚度为10mm的材料；
c.将热压成型的材料温度降到30-40度冷却成型，作为吸声材料。
⑵制备隔音材料
将氯化聚乙烯粉末在温度为65℃的双辊混炼机上混炼成胶片，然后下片；将5层氯化聚乙烯胶片(1.5mm/层)与4层涤纶织物(1mm/层)逐层贴合(氯化聚乙烯与涤纶织物质量比为50：50)，热压温度150℃、热压压力3Mpa、热压时间为10min，压得厚度为6mm，将其温度降到30-40度冷却成型，作为隔音材料，测得隔声材料的隔声量-频率曲线如图3所示。
⑶由内而外依次将吸声材料与隔音材料层叠组合。
将吸声材料和隔音材料组合，制备吸声隔音复合材料。吸声隔音复合材料厚度为16mm，测得其降噪系数为0.65，拉伸强度为19.64MPa、弯曲强度为25.76MPa、冲击强度为1.34J·cm-2的吸声隔音复合材料。
Claims (3)
1.一种吸声隔音复合材料的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
⑴制备吸声材料：将茶叶与热塑性聚氨酯，层叠、热压、冷却成型；
⑵制备隔音材料：将氯化聚乙烯粉末混炼成胶片与涤纶织物逐层贴合、热压、冷却成型；
⑶由内而外依次将吸声材料与隔音材料层叠组合；
步骤⑴中，所述热压的温度为170-180℃、热压的压力为1-3Mpa、热压的时间为10-18min；
步骤⑴中，以重量份计，所述茶叶与热塑性聚氨酯分别为55-65份、35-45份；
步骤⑴中，所述热塑性聚氨酯为薄膜状，厚度为0.2-1mm，密度1.2-1.4g/cm3，熔融温度120-130℃；
所述步骤⑵中混炼是将氯化聚乙烯粉末在温度为65℃的双辊混炼机上混炼成胶片；热压的温度为140-160℃、热压的压力2-5Mpa、热压的时间为8-15min；
步骤⑴中，所述茶叶为废弃茶叶，且经干燥预处理，干燥预处理是在80-100℃的烘箱中，干燥处理6-8小时；
步骤⑵中，所述氯化聚乙烯粉末的氯化度为35％，涤纶织物的厚度为0.5-1.5mm，涤纶织物的平方米克重为130-300g/m2；
步骤⑵中，以重量份计，所述氯化聚乙烯粉末与涤纶织物分别为40-60份、40-60份。
2.根据权利要求1所述的吸声隔音复合材料的制备方法，其特征在于：所述步骤⑴、步骤⑵中的冷却成型的温度为30-40℃。
3.权利要求1或2所述制备方法制得的吸声隔音复合材料，其特征在于，所述吸声隔音复合材料的厚度为10-18mm；降噪系数为0.5-0.7；平均隔声量为30-34dB；拉伸强度为18-22MPa；弯曲强度为23-27MPa；冲击强度为1-1.5J·cm-2。
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