CN104929639A - Flexible strip-filled water-protection mining method - Google Patents
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- CN104929639A CN104929639A CN201510278433.8A CN201510278433A CN104929639A CN 104929639 A CN104929639 A CN 104929639A CN 201510278433 A CN201510278433 A CN 201510278433A CN 104929639 A CN104929639 A CN 104929639A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a flexible strip-filled water-protection mining method, which comprises the following steps of discriminating a special water-protection mining area: discriminating whether a mining area belongs to the special water-protection mining area or not through the analysis and the calculation of an occurrence condition of a coal bed; preparing a flexible filling material, wherein a paste filling material comprises the following components in percentages by mass: 70% of aeolian sand, 7% of cement, 7% of pulverized fuel ash, 1% of additive and 15% of water, and a flexible filling strip tolerates a 7% to 10% of compression ratio; pumping the filling material: conveying the paste filling material which is prepared on the ground to a hole drilling pipe, a mining area where a filling working surface is located, and a filling point of a working surface through a pumping system; determining parameters of the ratio of a filling interval width to the width of the filling strip and the aspect ratio of the filling strip: determining the ratio of the filling interval width to the width of the filling strip according to the stable condition of a water-resisting layer, and determining the aspect ratio of the filling strip according to a medium-and-long-term stable condition of the filling strip. The flexible strip-filled water-protection mining method is small in filling amount and low in cost, and has the advantages of high recovery ratio and no large-range roof caving threats.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to water retaining mining method field, be specifically related to a kind of flexible strip filling water retaining mining method.
Background technology
Northern Shensi be located in arid area, NORTHWEST CHINA inland, Mu us dese and Loess Plateau of North Shaanxi border on area, water resources shortage, ecological environment frailty.This Regional Coal rich reserves, ature of coal is excellent, geological structure is simple, Mining technology condition is superior.Along with the large-scale development in mining area, the loss that mining induced fissure directly causes aquifer to be dived under water, causes with the wellspring originally accepting this aquifer recharge, river and reservoir dry.
Jurassic Coalfield In Northern Shaanxi Strata Overlying The Seam mainly horizon d, weathered layer, soil layer and sand bed from bottom to top.Sand bed comprises drift-sand and last interglacial period, and thickness is generally within 10m, and the diving that water level is 0.9-9.27m is contained in bottom, is basal water; Soil layer refers to that thickness is generally 10-40m, is good water barrier from orpiment soil and Red Clay; Weathered layer refers to basal surfaces weathered zone, and general thickness is 20-25m, is aquitard; Horizon d is that main mining coal seam covers non-weathered rocks, forms primarily of sandstone, and varied in thickness is comparatively large, generally at 30-380m, jointly forms aquiclude with soil layer.
In North Shaanxi, the key of water-retaining production is the stability ensureing water barrier, the up crack produced after namely adopting and descending crack not conducting water barrier, as shown in Figure 1-2.According to development height, the index such as mining height and bedrock thickness in descending crack and up crack, with the stability of aquiclude for control objectives, and incorporation engineering empirical formula, the exploitation of North Shaanxi is divided three classes:
The first kind, natural water-retaining production class.Adopt longwell full-seam mining exploitation method, after adopting, aquiclude is in warp damage, and effective aquiclude water-resisting property is stablized, and can realize nature water-retaining production.
Equations of The Second Kind, special water-retaining production class.After adopting, effectively aquiclude is positioned at caving zone or fissure zone, adopts and will cause the destruction completely of aquiclude, the special exploitation modes such as filling mining should be taked to realize water-retaining production.
3rd class, controlled water-retaining production class.After harmonic extraction or limit for height separate zone production, the development height in up crack and descending crack can be reduced, make crack can not through aquiclude, realize water-retaining production.
Because Jurassic Coalfield In Northern Shaanxi ocurrence of coal seam is shallow, basement rock is thin, the typical feature of loose thickness, very easily destroy the stability of water barrier after mining thus cause the diving in aquifer to run off.And the diving in aquifer to be surface vegetation and the mankind depend on for existence and live with water, this makes the ecological environment of North Shaanxi more severe, therefore adopts water-retaining production necessary in North Shaanxi.
Theoretically, the research of the domestic stability to shallow buried coal seam overlying strata and water proof rock stratum, does not consider that aquiclude " flexibility " containing clay layer is to reducing the significance of controlling cost.To the research of aquiclude stability, still stick to the research mode of traditional water flowing fractured zone, mainly concentrate on the up crack research of fissure zone, ignore the descending crack of subsidence basin edge tension belt.
Technically, domestic strip filling technology is mainly skeleton key stratum with competent bed, and filling band according to rigid strip design, criterion mainly considers ground settlement substantially.In addition, to lose coal resources for cost, and there is the threat of roof caving disaster on a large scale in Striping noise in the past, for inadvisable northern Shensi is exploited on a large scale.
Summary of the invention
For solving the technical barrier of special water-retaining production district coal exploitation, this region mainly comprises Shen Fu mining area, northern Shensi and mining area, Dongsheng, the invention provides a kind of employing compared with the husky base filler of low-intensity, low cost and allows the flexible strip filling mining method of filling bar with certain decrement.
For achieving the above object, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of flexible strip filling water retaining mining method, comprises the steps:
S1, differentiation to special water-retaining production district: by the empirical analysis of condition of coal seam occurrence and calculating, differentiate whether this mining area belongs to special water-retaining production district;
The preparation of S2, flexible filling material, paste filling material comprises the component of following mass percent
Drift-sand 70%; Cement 6%; Flyash 17.7%; Additive 0.3%; Water 16%;
The flexible filling band that filler is formed admits of the compression ratio of 7-10%, reduces material cost.
The pumping of S3, filler: the paste filling material prepared on ground carries drill pipe, exploiting field, place, filling operation face, work plane filling point successively by pumping system;
S4, every filling than the determination with filling band aspect ratio parameter:
S41, determine mining height, filling band compression ratio (amount), obturation modulus of elasticity, owe to connect after top measures these parameters, according to formulae discovery filling operation face below every filling than K the ratio of filling strip width (the filling interval width with):
In formula: K---every filling ratio; M---mining height, m; Δ---owe to connect top amount (difference of mining height and packed height), m; H---adopt dark, m; Y---overlying strata unit weight, MN/m
3; W
f---the decrement of filling band, m; E
f---obturation modulus of elasticity (being recorded by test), MPa.
S42, critical cubical uniaxial compressive strength test according to on-the-spot obturation, consider the safety factor of 2.0 times, determine obturation medium-term and long-term stable uniaxial compressive strength δ at the scene
c
Theoretical according to obturation ultimate strength, show that filling band depth-width ratio design formulas is:
In formula: L---filling band the ratio of width to height; K---every filling ratio; H---adopt dark, m; Y---overlying strata unit weight, MN/m
3.
By substituting in the calculating formula of step S42 than K every filling of drawing in step S42, calculate the minimum the ratio of width to height L meeting this strength of materials retrofilling band long-term stability.When calculating, the uniaxial compressive strength δ of obturation
cget the 28d intensity of obturation.In this technology the filler 28d intensity of joining be 2MPa.
S5, filling is carried out to stope:
Adopt two equidistant filling mining pattern of band, coordinate longwall mining system to use; Filling should be carried out every filling than with filling band the ratio of width to height ratio in strict accordance with what determine when carrying out filling to work plane.
Wherein, for the filler being delivered to work plane, select the patent No. to be that the strip filling support of CN203756229U carries out goaf strip filling, this support can meet the effect of supporting, filling and auxiliary isolation simultaneously.
Wherein, differentiate in described step S1 that the condition whether this mining area belongs to special water-retaining production district is:
H
G≤h
u+3M+h
d＝18M+3M+2M＝23M
In formula, H
g---work plane overlying strata aquiclude thickness, m; h
u---up cranny development height, get 18 times of mining heights, m; h
d---descending Depth, get 2 times of mining heights, m; M---mining height, m.
Wherein, in described step S2, the granularity of drift-sand is 0-25mm, and mud content must not more than 8%; Cement adopts 32.5# Portland cement; The granularity of flyash is 0-25mm.
Wherein, HGBS (S valve type) Series Industrial filling pump is adopted in described step S5.The filling pump of adaptation should be selected in use according to the size of underground filling amount.
After testing, flexible filling material property of the present invention is as follows: the slump: 21.5-25cm; Compressive strength: 0.28MPa (8h intensity), 2MPa (28d intensity); Bleeding rate: 4% (leaving standstill bleeding rate), 29% (pressured bleeding); The filler of preparation is functional, can meet filling requirement.
The present invention has following beneficial effect:
Be no longer consider that whether key stratum is disrumpent feelings, but control the stable of water barrier with the development height controlling fissure zone; Extensively compose the drift-sand deposited with northern Shensi as filler main material, strip filling is carried out to goaf, realize water-retaining production by the stability controlling aquiclude; Allow that overlying strata water barrier and filling bar are with certain sinking and decrement, but do not allow that mining induced fissure runs through aquiclude, therefore be called " flexible strip filling water retaining mining method "; Make this method relative to original strip filling and entirely fill filling mining there is the advantage that charging quantity is little, cost is low, the advantage relative to original Striping noise, then there is high stoping rate, threatening without roof caving on a large scale.
Accompanying drawing explanation
The up fissure zone of Fig. 1 mining overburden and the schematic diagram of the non-through water barrier of descending fissure zone.
Fig. 2 is the up fissure zone of mining overburden and the schematic diagram of the through water barrier of descending fissure zone.
Fig. 3 is the two band longwell strip filling exploitation pattern of across pitch in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 4 is the goaf sectional drawing of the two strip filling of across pitch in the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 5 is flexible strip filling process flow chart in the embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed description of the invention
In order to make objects and advantages of the present invention clearly understand, below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is further elaborated.Should be appreciated that specific embodiment described herein only in order to explain the present invention, be not intended to limit the present invention.
Embodiment
The special water-retaining production district in god mansion, northern Shensi and mining area, Dongsheng mainly adopts longwall system to exploit, so this concrete enforcement mainly relies on the production system of longwall system to realize flexible strip filling water-retaining production.As shown in Figure 3, the filling mining system (the two equidistant filling mining system of band of across pitch longwell) implemented for this is concrete, the asymmetric support system that this system both comprised " coal column-filling band ", also comprises " filling band-filling band " symmetric support system, as shown in Figure 4.
This concrete filling system implemented mainly comprises compounding system, pumping system, the filling system three digest journals of filler.First on ground, filler component mix and blend is made paste filling material in ratio of the present invention by station with slurry, underground filling work face is transported to by ground by the road again by filling pump, the closing strip space assisting quarantine measures to be formed paste body filling filling by filling hydraulic support, thus realize strip filling.Whole filling process as shown in Figure 5.
This concrete specific implementation method implemented:
S1, differentiation to special water-retaining production district.
By to the empirical analysis of condition of coal seam occurrence and calculating, differentiate whether this mining area belongs to special water-retaining production district.If it is determined that go out this mining area to belong to special water-retaining production district, this concrete object implementing to reach water-retaining production so just can be applied.
According to engineering experience, in North Shaanxi for the basement rock top board of moderate stable, its up crack h
udevelopment height is generally more than or equal to 18 times of mining height, descending crack h
dbe generally 2 times of mining height.Consider the safe thickness of 3M (M mining height), the gross thickness H of the aquiclude (basement rock and clay aquiclude) of nature water-retaining production can be realized
gfor:
H
G≤h
u+3M+h
d＝23M
This type of condition is called special water-retaining production district, the special exploitation modes such as strip filling must be adopted to realize water-retaining production.
The preparation of S2, flexible filling material
The configuration such as drift-sand, cement, flyash, additive, water that this concrete filler implementing to adopt mainly extensively is existed by earth's surface, North Shaanxi forms.Its material is (gross mass is 100%) by the formula of quality: drift-sand 70%; Cement 6%; Flyash 17.7%; Additive 0.3%; Water 16%;
The material of preparation allows the compression ratio with 10%, to reduce material cost
Wherein, to the quality requirements of each component material be:
Drift-sand: granularity is at 0-25mm, and mud content must not more than 8%; Cement: 32.5# Portland cement; Flyash: granularity is at 0-25mm.
3, the pumping of filler
The paste filling material that ground prepares by pumping system successively landline is: station with slurry, ground---drill pipe---exploiting field, place, filling operation face---work plane filling point, as shown in Figure 5.Adopt HGBS (S valve type) Series Industrial filling pump in this concrete enforcement, the filling pump of adaptation should be selected in use according to the size of underground filling amount.
S4, every filling than the determination with filling band aspect ratio parameter.
In line with the optimization criteria of filling effect with in conjunction with special water-retaining production district, northern Shensi shallow buried coal seam coal winning technology feature, advise being designed to 250-300m in the face width in water-retaining production district.
(1) every fill than determination:
Originally be embodied as flexible strip filling, allow filling bar with certain decrement, in the engineer applied of reality, generally its compression ratio should control at 7-10%.According to the stability of overlying strata water barrier, that determines filling band allows decrement W
f, then determine every filling ratio according to the following formula:
In formula: K---every filling ratio; M---mining height, m; Δ---owe to connect top amount (difference of mining height and packed height), m; H---adopt dark, m; Y---overlying strata unit weight, MN/m
3; W
f---the decrement of filling band, m; E
f---obturation modulus of elasticity (being recorded by test), MPa.
Determine mining height, the compression ratio (amount) of obturation, obturation modulus of elasticity, owe to connect just can to calculate filling operation face after these parameters are measured on top compare K every filling.
(2) determination of the ratio of width to height:
According to the critical cube uniaxial compressive strength test of obturation, consider the safety factor of 2.0 times, determine obturation medium-term and long-term stable uniaxial compressive strength δ at the scene
c.Theoretical according to obturation ultimate strength, show that filling band depth-width ratio design formulas is:
In formula: L---filling band the ratio of width to height; K---every filling ratio; H---adopt dark, m; Y---overlying strata unit weight, MN/m
3.
By calculating formula 1. in draw every fill to substitute into than K calculating formula 2. in just can calculate the minimum the ratio of width to height L meeting long-term stability under this strength of materials.When calculating, the uniaxial compressive strength δ of obturation
cget the 28d intensity of obturation, this is concrete implement in the filler 28d intensity of joining be 2MPa.
According to on-the-spot practical experience, every filling than being 3.5-6.0, the ratio of width to height is 2.5-5.Such as, the typical occurrence condition for special water-retaining production district, northern Shensi: buried depth is for 72m, and clay layer thickness is 12m, and mining height is 4m, and face length is 250m, and overlying strata volume-weighted average is 24kN/m
3, calculate every filling than being 4.235, the ratio of width to height is 4.25, and namely during mining height 4m, flexible filling strip width is 17m, and filling interval width is 72m.
S5, filling is carried out to stope.
What this concrete enforcement adopted is two equidistant filling mining patterns of band, coordinates longwall mining system to use.For the paste filling material being delivered to work plane, select the patent No. to be that the strip filling support of CN203756229U carries out filling, this support can meet the effect of supporting, filling and auxiliary isolation simultaneously.Filling should be carried out every filling than with filling band the ratio of width to height ratio in strict accordance with what determine when carrying out filling to work plane.
The above is only the preferred embodiment of the present invention; it should be pointed out that for those skilled in the art, under the premise without departing from the principles of the invention; can also make some improvements and modifications, these improvements and modifications also should be considered as protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (5)
1. a flexible strip filling water retaining mining method, is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
S1, differentiation to special water-retaining production district: by the analysis and calculation to condition of coal seam occurrence, differentiate whether this mining area belongs to special water-retaining production district;
The preparation of S2, flexible filling material: filler comprises the component of following mass percent
Drift-sand 70%, cement 6%, flyash 17.7%, additive 0.3%, water 16%;
The pumping of S3, filler: the paste filling material prepared on ground carries drill pipe, exploiting field, place, filling operation face, work plane filling point successively by pumping system;
S4, every filling than the determination with filling band aspect ratio parameter:
S41, stability according to water barrier, draw every fill than design formulas be:
In formula: K---every filling ratio; M---mining height, m; Δ---owe to connect top amount (difference of mining height and packed height), m; H---adopt dark, m; Y---overlying strata unit weight, MN/m
3; W
f---filling band decrement, m; E
f---obturation modulus of elasticity (being recorded by test), MPa.
Determining mining height, filling band decrement, obturation modulus of elasticity, owe to connect after top measures these parameters, what can calculate filling operation face according to formula above compares K every filling.
S42, critical cube uniaxial compressive strength test according to on-the-spot obturation, consider the safety factor of 2.0 times, determine obturation medium-term and long-term stable uniaxial compressive strength δ at the scene
c.Theoretical according to obturation ultimate strength, show that the design formulas of filling band depth-width ratio is:
In formula: L---filling band the ratio of width to height; K---every filling ratio; H---adopt dark, m; Y---overlying strata unit weight, MN/m
3.
By substituting in the calculating formula of step S42 than K every filling of drawing in step S41, calculating and meeting the medium-term and long-term stable minimum the ratio of width to height L of this filling band.
S43, determine filling strip width and filling interval width
The minimum the ratio of width to height L drawn in step S42 is substituted into following formula, filling strip width can be calculated:
B
c＝LM
In formula: B
c---filling strip width, m; L---filling band the ratio of width to height; M---mining height, m.
Substituting into following formula every filling than K by what draw in step S41, filling interval width can be calculated:
B
g＝KB
c
In formula: B
g---filling interval width, m; B
c---filling strip width, m; K---every filling ratio.
S5, filling is carried out to stope:
Adopt two equidistant filling mining pattern of band, coordinate longwall mining system to use; Filling should be carried out every filling than with filling band the ratio of width to height in strict accordance with what determine when carrying out filling to work plane.
2. a kind of flexible strip filling water retaining mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, differentiates that the condition whether this mining area belongs to special water-retaining production district is in described step S1:
As work plane overlying strata aquiclude thickness H
gbe less than up cranny development height h
uwith descending Depth h
dand during the safety belt thickness sum of 3 times of mining heights, adopt and aquiclude will be caused to destroy completely, this type of region is called special water-retaining production district, and the special exploitation modes such as strip filling must be adopted to realize water-retaining production.That is, the Rule of judgment in special water-retaining production district is:
H
G≤h
u+3M+h
d＝18M+3M+2M＝23M
In formula, H
g---work plane overlying strata aquiclude thickness, m; h
u---up cranny development height, get 18 times of mining heights, m; h
d---descending Depth, get 2 times of mining heights, m; M---mining height, m.
3. a kind of flexible strip filling water retaining mining method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in described step S2, the granularity of drift-sand is 0-25mm, and mud content must not more than 8%; Cement adopts 32.5# Portland cement; The granularity of flyash is 0-25mm.
4. a kind of flexible strip filling water retaining mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, 2 key parameters of band filling mining in described step S4: every filling than the determination with filling band depth-width ratio.
Filling band is every filling than the ratio of filling strip width (the filling interval width with) design formulas:
In formula: K---every filling ratio; M---mining height, m; Δ---owe to connect top amount (difference of mining height and packed height), m; H---adopt dark, m; Y---overlying strata unit weight, MN/m
3; W
f---the decrement of filling band, m; E
f---obturation modulus of elasticity (being recorded by test), MPa;
Filling band depth-width ratio design formulas is:
In formula: L---filling band the ratio of width to height; K---every filling ratio; H---adopt dark, m; Y---overlying strata unit weight, MN/m
3.
5. a kind of flexible strip filling water retaining mining method according to claim 1, is characterized in that, adopts two equidistant filling mining pattern of band in described step S5, coordinates longwall mining system to use.
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| CN114575847A (en) * | 2022-03-15 | 2022-06-03 | 中国矿业大学(北京) | Method for integrating water-retaining mining of shallow coal seam and construction of underground reservoir |
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Application publication date: 20150923 |