CN104928199B - 一株高产类胡萝卜素的富铜海洋红酵母及其发酵培养方法 - Google Patents
一株高产类胡萝卜素的富铜海洋红酵母及其发酵培养方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104928199B CN104928199B CN201510393528.4A CN201510393528A CN104928199B CN 104928199 B CN104928199 B CN 104928199B CN 201510393528 A CN201510393528 A CN 201510393528A CN 104928199 B CN104928199 B CN 104928199B
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- carotenoid
- copper
- rhodotorula
- fermentation
- ocean rhodotorula
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Abstract
本发明提供一株高产类胡萝卜素的富铜海洋红酵母WYN1(Rhodotorula sp.WYN1),所述菌株已于2014年11月25日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心保藏编号为:CCTCC No:M2014592。本发明所述海洋红酵母WYN1在含铜培养基中发酵培养能够高产类胡萝卜素,具体的方法是:优选的发酵培养基组成为葡萄糖2.5%,蛋白胨2.5%,硫酸镁0.02%,磷酸二氢钾0.15%,铜含量300mg/L,氯化钠20%,其余为水;初始pH为8,接种量10%,摇床转速为180r/min,28℃培养24小时后,温度调整为30℃,pH调整为5,补加一次氮源,即再按照2.5%的添加量添加蛋白胨,继续发酵24h。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一株既能积累类胡萝卜素又能富集铜的海洋红酵母及其有利于类胡萝卜素积累的发酵培养方法,属于海洋微生物的发酵及综合利用技术领域。
背景技术
类胡萝卜素是一类呈黄色、橙色或红色的多烯类化合物,它是自然界中最普遍存在也是最稳定的天然色素,广泛存在于许多动植物中。类胡萝卜素作为一种优良的食品添加剂和改善人类营养的营养增补剂,它的优良品质和效果,很久以来就被世界各国所公认,被誉为最有希望的抗氧化剂。目前,类胡萝卜素被广泛应用于食品、医药、化妆品及饲料添加剂等行业中,由于其良好的应用前景及卓越的功能,长久以来倍受人们青睐。
从天然食物提取类胡萝卜素工艺复杂、成本高并且浪费大量食物,因此通过微生物发酵法生产类胡萝卜素已成为研究热点,特别是用不产生毒素的红酵母作为菌种已被广泛研究。红酵母是酵母菌中的一种,属于隐形球酵母科,为单细胞真菌。红酵母形体为卵圆形或椭圆形,生殖方式为多边形出芽生殖,能产生明显的红色或黄色色素。红酵母能产生β-胡萝卜素、圆酵母素和红酵母红素等多种色素。
铜是动物必需的微量元素,对于动物的健康和生长都有很重要的作用。目前,已有许多试验证实,在断奶仔猪饲粮中以硫酸铜作为铜源添加 (250 mg/kg)的铜可以提高仔猪的同采食量、日增重以及肉料比。但饲料中添加这种无机态的硫酸铜也存在很多问题,如猪吸收率低、与饲粮中其它组分配伍性差、排泄率高、污染环境等。但是,酵母菌具有鳌合铜粒子的能力,它除了含有高含量和高吸收率的铜元素外,还具有良好稳定性、与饲粮中其它组分配伍性好、吸收率高、排泄率低、环境污染小等优点。
随着对海洋微生物研究的加深,人们越来越重视海洋微生物的开发价值。由于海洋独特的环境,例如高盐、高压、低营养、低温等,造就了海洋微生物有别于陆生微生物的许多特异性。海洋红酵母营养要求简单、生长周期短、菌体营养丰富,有良好的开发前景。
张坤生《利用红酵母发酵生产类胡萝卜素及其功能性质研究》公开了以红酵母为出发菌株,利用二苯胺为筛选剂,通过紫外诱变,经筛选得到一株高产类胡萝卜素菌株Ruv701,摇瓶发酵产量达到13.25mg/L,5L罐发酵类胡萝卜素产量达到37.21mg/L,还公布了通过均匀设计试验得到促进红酵母发酵产生类胡萝卜素的金属离子的最佳添加量:K2SO4 1.0%、MgSO4·7H2O 0.05%、CuSO4·5H2O 0.0045%。
发明专利申请CN104130952《一株胶红酵母及其在发酵生产类胡萝卜素和油脂中的应用》公开了一株胶红酵母菌 Rhodotorula mucilaginosa,保藏于中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会普通微生物中心,保藏编号为:CGMCC No. 8926,还公开了该菌株在pH4. 5-8. 0均可以产生较高的类胡萝卜素,但是最高产类胡萝卜素范围在pH6.5-7.5之间,葡萄糖和蔗糖都可以作为产生类胡萝卜素的碳源,但是以葡萄糖最好,碳氮比为25-35:1,温度为27-30℃之间,发酵96h类胡萝卜素产量最高,最高产量可达到22.93mg/L。
目前尚未有既能高产类胡萝卜素又能富集铜的海洋红酵母的相关报道,本发明以期从海洋环境中分离获得高产胡萝卜素的富铜海洋红酵母,通过单因素实验和正交实验确定适合于海洋红酵母产类胡萝卜素的最优培养条件,为工业生产提供理论依据,探索一条海洋红酵母利用的新途径。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一株从海洋环境中分离获得的既能高产类胡萝卜素又能富集铜的海洋红酵母,并提供其能够实现高产胡萝卜素并富集铜的最佳发酵培养条件,为工业化生产提供理论依据。
为了实现上述目的,本发明从青岛黄海海域海边采集多种生物样本,包括海虾、海星、海藻等,从中分离海洋红酵母,并进行该高产菌种积累类胡萝卜素最优条件优化,工艺流程包括:采集海洋生物样本→海洋红酵母分离、鉴定→影响类胡萝卜素产量的单因素试验、正交试验→铜离子驯化培养→最优发酵培养条件确定。
本发明提供一株高产类胡萝卜素的富铜海洋红酵母WYN1,经鉴定属于红酵母属(Rhodotorula),所述菌株已于2014年11月25日保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心(地址:中国.武汉.武汉大学,邮编430072),保藏编号为:CCTCC No:M 2014592,分类命名:海洋红酵母 WYN1(Rhodotorula sp. WYN1)。
本发明所述海洋红酵母WYN1在含铜培养基中发酵培养能够高效生产类胡萝卜素,具体的方法是:优选的发酵培养基组成为葡萄糖2.5%,蛋白胨2.5%,硫酸镁0.02%,磷酸二氢钾0.15%,硫酸铜300mg/L,氯化钠20%,其余为水;初始pH为8,接种量10%,摇床转速为180r/min,28℃培养24小时后,温度调整为30℃,pH调整为5,补加一次氮源,即再按照2.5% 的添加量添加蛋白胨,继续发酵24h。
本发明所述海洋红酵母WYN1可广泛应用于食品添加剂工业,其发酵生产的类胡萝卜素作为一种优良的食品添加剂和改善人类营养的营养增补剂,可以被广泛应用于食品、医药、化妆品中;另外该菌种还可以应用于饲料工业中,作为饲料添加剂添加到饲料中,可以提供B族维生素和铜离子,稳定性好、与饲粮中其它组分配伍性好、吸收率高、排泄率低、环境污染小,强化饲料的营养价值。
有益效果:
本发明从海洋环境中分离获得一株高产胡萝卜素的富铜海洋红酵母WYN1,通过富铜驯化等技术手段使其具备在铜离子300mg/L环境下生长的耐铜特性,通过培养基单因素实验、正交实验及发酵条件控制等手段,获得其高产类胡萝卜素的优选发酵培养方法,海洋红酵母WYN1发酵生物量、类胡萝卜素产量及胞内铜含量分别达到27.52 g /L、25.12 mg /L和6240 μg/g干菌。本发明为工业生产提供理论依据,探索一条海洋红酵母综合利用的新途径。
具体实施方式
下面通过具体的实施方案叙述本发明方法。除非特别说明,本发明中所用的技术手段均为本领域技术人员所公知的方法。另外,实施方案应理解为说明性的,而非限制本发明的范围,本发明的实质和范围仅由权利要求书所限定。对于本领域技术人员而言,在不背离本发明实质和范围的前提下,对这些实施方案中的物料成分和用量进行的各种改变或改动也属于本发明的保护范围。
实施例1:海洋红酵母菌WYN1的获得及耐铜能力驯化
(1)将从黄海海边采集新鲜的海虾、海星、海藻等生物样本,置于无菌的YEPD培养基中,挑取红色或粉红色圆形菌落,进一步纯化培养。根据各菌种类胡萝卜素的积累量,筛选类胡萝卜素产量高的菌种。其中类胡萝卜素产量较高的海洋红酵母WYN1,细胞为卵圆形,没有假菌丝;在海水配置的YEPD培养基上形成红色菌落,表面光滑,边缘整齐;在产孢培养基上不产子囊孢子,多边芽殖,无掷孢子;不发酵糖,不形成类淀粉化合物,不同化肌醇。根据上述特点,初步确定属于红酵母属(Rhodotorula)。斜面保存于冰箱中。
(2)海洋红酵母WYN1的发酵培养
将菌种转接到斜面培养基上活化,28℃培养24 h后,接种于液体种子培养基中,28℃振荡培养36 h得种子液,按10 %接种量接入装有60 mL发酵培养基的250 mL三角瓶中,28 ℃,振荡培养48h (摇床转速为180 r/min)。发酵培养基组成为葡萄糖2 %,蛋白胨1 %,酵母膏1 %,硫酸镁0.02 %,磷酸二氢钾0.15 %,盐度20。28 ℃摇床培养48 h,转速为180 r/min。
(3)耐铜能力驯化
将海洋红酵母菌WYN1接种于铜离子含量为50 mg/L培养基中,置于28℃,180 r/min恒温摇床上震荡培养24 h。然后从该培养物中取3ml发酵物接种到不含铜的麦芽汁培养基中,培养24h。反复培养几代,使酵母在含铜的培养基中生长稳定,且数量不再增多时,再逐步提高培养基的铜浓度。如此反复便可使得酵母菌能够适应铜离子含量为300mg/l的环境,获得了耐铜的特性。本发明经过对海洋红酵母进行耐铜能力驯化后,能有效地提高细胞生物量、类胡萝卜素的产量及酵母的富铜能力。
(4)细胞生物量的测定
将发酵液 3000 r/min离心10min,弃上清液,菌体经无菌水洗2~3次后再次离心,所得菌体置于60 ℃ 烘箱中干燥至恒重,准确称重。
(5)类胡萝卜素的提取:
将 1 g 干菌体放入100 mL 三角瓶中,加入5 mL 3 mol/L的盐酸室温浸泡1 h,沸水浴4 min,迅速冷却,3000 r/min 离心15min沉淀为细胞残渣,用丙酮定容至20 mL萃取,得类胡萝卜素浸提液。
(6)类胡萝卜素的测定
将提取液适当稀释后,用722型分光光度计在475nm条件下测定光吸收值。按下式计算类胡萝卜素含量:
式中:Aλmax为475nm 波长处的吸光度; D为测定试样时的稀释倍数;V为丙酮用量( mL);0.16为类胡萝卜素的克分子消光系数;W为红酵母菌体干重( g)。
(7)酵母含铜量测定
用原子吸收法测定。
(8)菌种保藏
将上述经过驯化的富铜海洋红酵母WYN1保藏于中国典型培养物保藏中心,保藏编号为:CCTCC No:M 2014592。
实施例2:海洋红酵母WYN1高产类胡萝卜素的发酵条件研究
按单因素实验考察碳源(包括葡萄糖、乳糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖和淀粉)、氮源(包括酵母粉、蛋白胨、硫酸铵、硝酸钾、硝酸铵和尿素)、发酵时间、pH值及金属离子(包括铜离子、镁离子、锌离子、亚铁离子等)等因素对海洋红酵母WYN1类胡萝卜素产量的影响。
(1)不同碳源对海洋红酵母WYN1 类胡萝卜素产量的影响
选择葡萄糖、蔗糖、麦芽糖、淀粉及乳糖为不同碳源进行发酵实验,添加量均为2%,实验结果如表1。
由表1可以看出:葡萄糖更有利于海洋红酵母WYN1的生长及色素生成,所以采用葡萄糖作为最适碳源。
(2)不同氮源对海洋红酵母WYN1胞内胞外色素含量的影响
选取蛋白胨、酵母粉、硫酸铵、硝酸钾、硝酸铵、尿素等为不同氮源进行发酵试验添加量为2%。28℃培养48小时,进行海洋红酵母WYN1的培养,测定细胞生物量及类胡萝卜素的含量和产量,结果见表2。
由表2可以看出:有机氮源比无机氮源能更好促进酵母菌的生长,其中蛋白胨除了能促进细胞生长外还能促进胞内色素的产生,因此本实验采用蛋白胨作为最优氮源物质。
(3)正交实验
选择葡萄糖、蛋白胨、酵母粉、盐度四个因素,各取三个水平进行正交实验,试验安排及结果分析见表3、4。
表3:正交实验因素水平
表4:正交实验安排与结果
由表4可知,影响海洋红酵母WYN1类胡萝卜素产量的因素大小排序为ABCD,即葡萄糖的添加量对类胡萝卜素的产量影响最大。通过正交试验确定的有利于海洋红酵母WYN1产生的最优培养基组合为A1 B1 C2 D2,即最佳培养条件为:葡萄糖2.5%,蛋白胨2.5%,磷酸二氢钾0.15%,盐度20。
(4)发酵时间对类胡萝卜素产量的影响
实验选取24h、48h、72h、96h、120h等不同时间结束发酵,考察不同发酵时间对海洋红酵母WYN1类胡萝卜素产生的影响,实验结果见表5。
由表5可以看出,发酵时间越长,细胞生物量及类胡萝卜素产量越大,但超过48h后,细胞生物量和类胡萝卜产量略有下降,因此选择发酵时间为48 h。
(5)pH值对类胡萝卜素产量的影响
将发酵培养基的pH值分别调至4、5、6、7、8、9进行发酵试验,28℃培养48小时,pH值对细胞生物量及类胡萝卜素产生的影响见表6。
由表6可以看出,随着pH值的增加,细胞生物量明显增加,pH为8时,细胞生物量达到最大。而类胡萝卜素含量在pH值小于5时,随pH的增大而增加;而当pH值大于5.0时,类胡萝卜素含量开始减少,这说明pH越高越有不利于色素的产生,pH等于5时,类胡萝卜素含量最大。即初始pH为8.0时生物量最大,最适产胞内色素的pH值6.0。
(6)金属离子的影响
在培养基中分别添加硫酸铜、硫酸锌、硫酸亚铁、硫酸钙等,添加量为0.025%,考察各种金属离子对类胡萝卜素产量的影响,结果见表7。
由表6可以看出,加入铜离子和锌离子时,能有效地提高细胞生物量及类胡萝卜素的产量,硫酸铜的添加量为0.025%时,类胡萝卜素的产量提高了24%;而其他金属离子却能降低类胡萝卜素的产量。
(7)发酵条件控制
综合考虑影响海洋红酵母WYN1的细胞增殖和胞内类胡萝卜素的含量,发酵采用分段控制,即将发酵过程分为两个阶段:
第一阶段:接种~发酵24小时。此阶段主要目标是尽可能进行细胞增殖,所以培养条件为:温度28℃,pH为8。
第二阶段:发酵24小时~48小时。此阶段是胞内色素积累的重要时期,考虑到有利于色素的积累,培养条件调整为:温度30℃,pH调整为5,补加一次氮源,即再按照2.5% 的添加量添加蛋白胨。
(8)海洋红酵母WYN1高产类胡萝卜素的发酵培养
优选发酵培养基组成:葡萄糖2.5%,蛋白胨2.5%,硫酸镁0.02%,磷酸二氢钾0.15%,硫酸铜300mg/L,氯化钠20%,其余为水;初始pH为8,接种量10%,摇床转速为180r/min,28℃培养24小时后,温度调整为30℃,pH调整为5,补加一次氮源,即再按照2.5% 的添加量添加蛋白胨,继续发酵24h。采用上述方法发酵培养海洋红酵母WYN1,其生物量、类胡萝卜素产量及胞内铜含量分别为27.52 g /L、25.12 mg /L和6240 μg/g干菌。
(9)比较不同发酵方法下海洋红酵母WYN1产类胡萝卜素情况
①采用如下培养基配方:蔗糖25.0 g/L,酵母膏20.8 g/L,草酸铵4.2g/L,KH2PO44.0 g/L,Na2HPO44.0 g/L,MgSO4.7H2O 0.2 g/L,CaCl20.2 g/L,氟化铵10 mg/L,柠檬酸30 mg/L,L-亮氨酸30 mg/L,L-缬氨酸40 mg/L,250 ml三角瓶中装液60 ml,接种量8%,28℃发酵48h,初始pH为7,培养结束后分离酵母泥测定类胡萝卜产量,细胞生物量及类胡萝卜素产量分别为26.45 g /L 和 7.67 mg /L (赵玉巧等分离获得的海洋红酵母Rhodotorulasp. Z44在同样培养基中30℃发酵66h,类胡萝卜素产量为6.72 mg /L)。
②采用如下培养基配方:蔗糖15g/L、蛋白胨20g/L、NaCl 20g/L、NH4Cl7.5g/L、28℃、装液量80/250mL、发酵时间48 h,培养结束后分离酵母泥测定类胡萝卜产量,细胞生物量及类胡萝卜素产量分别为20.22 g /L 和 3.89 mg /L(张志军等分离分离获得的海洋红酵母Rhodotorula sp.06在同样培养基中24℃发酵72 h,类胡萝卜素产量为3.04 mg /L)。
③采用如下培养基配方:葡萄糖45 g /L,蔗糖15 g /L,酵母粉5 g /L,蛋白胨2.5g /L,磷酸二氢钾1 g /L,磷酸二氢钠3 g /L,硫酸镁7.5 g /L,氯化钾3 g /L,氯化钠5 g/L,培养基初始pH 为7,28 ℃发酵48h,类胡萝卜素产量达到6.12 mg /L(梁晓华等研究海洋红酵母Y2在同样培养基中20℃发酵72 h,类胡萝卜素产量达到4.97 mg /L)。
Claims (2)
1.一株高产类胡萝卜素的富铜海洋红酵母,所述海洋红酵母的保藏编号为:CCTCC No:M2014592。
2.利用权利要求1所述的海洋红酵母发酵生产类胡萝卜素的方法,其特征在于,所述方法如下:发酵培养基组成为葡萄糖2.5%,蛋白胨2.5%,硫酸镁0.02%,磷酸二氢钾0.15%,硫酸铜300mg/L,氯化钠20%,其余为水;初始pH为8,接种量10%,摇床转速为180r/min,28℃培养24小时后,温度调整为30℃,pH调整为5,补加一次氮源,即再按照2.5% 的添加量添加蛋白胨,继续发酵24h。
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