CN104919028B - 用于生物柴油发动机中的偶合苯酚 - Google Patents
用于生物柴油发动机中的偶合苯酚 Download PDFInfo
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- CN104919028B CN104919028B CN201380070788.7A CN201380070788A CN104919028B CN 104919028 B CN104919028 B CN 104919028B CN 201380070788 A CN201380070788 A CN 201380070788A CN 104919028 B CN104919028 B CN 104919028B
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/08—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M129/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M129/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing oxygen having a carbon chain of less than 30 atoms
- C10M129/04—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M129/10—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring
- C10M129/14—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing at least 2 hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M141/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M141/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of two or more compounds covered by more than one of the main groups C10M125/00 - C10M139/00, each of these compounds being essential at least one of them being an organic oxygen-containing compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M145/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular compound containing oxygen
- C10M145/18—Macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M145/20—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M163/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a compound of unknown or incompletely defined constitution and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/02—Hydroxy compounds
- C10M2207/023—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
- C10M2207/024—Hydroxy compounds having hydroxy groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having at least two phenol groups but no condensed ring
-
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Abstract
本发明提供用于以生物柴油燃料或包含生物柴油组分的燃料混合物操作的发动机中的润滑组合物，所述润滑组合物包含具有润滑粘度的油和亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物。本发明进一步涉及通过将所述润滑组合物供入内燃机中而润滑以生物柴油为燃料的内燃机的方法。本发明进一步涉及亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物降低由生物柴油引入润滑剂中而产生的腐蚀和氧化不稳定性的用途。
Description
发明背景
所公开的技术涉及用于内燃机，特别是以生物柴油燃料为燃料的那些的润滑剂。
生物柴油为衍生自天然来源如植物油的燃料级材料的通称。它们通常为脂肪酸甲基酯(“FAME”)，例如菜子油甲基酯(“RME”)或大豆油甲基酯(“SME”)。生物柴油燃料变得对于为柴油机提供燃料而言越来越普遍。欧洲及其它地方提高的柴油客车的使用部分地是该提高的原因。目前欧洲柴油标准容许将5％生物柴油组分结合到燃料中，同时指出不久会容许10％生物柴油含量。
同时，对从柴油机中降低颗粒物排放而言，存在持续的压力。Euro 5要求颗粒物降至0.05g/km。该水平实际上仅可通过使用柴油微粒过滤器获得。这些过滤器在它们充满煤烟时需要再生，且这通常通过提高过滤器温度以烧掉煤烟而实现。温度提高通常通过将燃料后注入发动机气缸中而实现。
然而，燃料的后注入可能具有将发动机润滑剂燃料稀释的不理想效果，因为较多的被燃料润湿的气缸壁使较多的燃料迁移至并聚集在润滑剂油箱中。生物柴油组分通常比常规矿物柴油燃料较少挥发，因此油箱中这类组分的浓度剧增。事实上，生物柴油燃料(B05，即包含5％酯)与后注入一起使用可导致润滑剂的40％燃料稀释，且生物柴油组分可占稀释剂的50％。油中这些高含量的生物柴油可导致提高的与润滑剂有关的氧化和沉积物形成。
美国申请2006/0223724(Gatto等人，10/05/2006)教导了具有降低的磷含量的润滑油，其保持优异的粘度控制；即优异的氧化稳定性。该油包含主要量的一种或多种II组、III组、IV组和合成酯基本油料、4,4'-亚甲基双-(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、烷基化二苯胺、清净剂和二烷基二硫代磷酸锌。任选可存在油溶性有机钼化合物，如可以为其它不同的受阻酚抗氧化剂。该润滑剂包含约600ppm或更少的衍生自ZDDP的磷。大量实例包含ZDDP、受阻酚和芳族胺中的所有三种。
美国申请2009/0111720(Boffa，04/30/2009)公开了用生物柴油燃料搀杂的润滑油组合物，其中润滑剂包含二芳基胺化合物以改进氧化稳定性。还公开了任选添加苯酚基抗氧化剂，包括4-甲基-2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚和4,4'-亚甲基双-(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)。
美国申请2010/0016193(Habeeb等人，01/21/2010)公开了通过使用两种抗氧化剂(其中一种可以为苯酚)的预混物而稳定化以防生物柴油燃料的有害作用的润滑组合物。所述苯酚化合物包括单酚以及双酚化合物，包括亚烷基桥联材料。所列类型的偶合苯酚包括2,2'-双-(6-叔丁基-4-庚基苯酚)；4,4'-双(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)和4,4'-亚甲基-双(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)。没有公开2,2’-亚甲基桥联双酚。实施例2描述了抗氧化剂的各种组合，评估其在生物柴油的存在下的抗氧化性；在这些中包括未确定的“双酚”。
美国申请2011/0130316(Varadaraj等人，06/02/2011)公开了通过使用有机碱、清净剂以及选自受阻胺和受阻酚的抗氧化剂的组合稳定化以防生物柴油燃料的有害作用的润滑组合物。所述苯酚化合物包括单酚以及双酚化合物，包括亚烷基桥联材料。没有公开2,2’-亚甲基桥联双酚。实施例1包括双酚Ethyl 702，其确定为4,4”-亚甲基-双(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)。
美国申请2011/0082062(Habeeb等人，04/07/2011)公开了清净剂(例如碱金属水杨酸盐)和抗氧化剂(例如胺抗氧化剂)的组合在生物柴油燃料或润滑油中以改进抗氧化性。如上所述，公开了双酚作为苯酚抗氧化剂的宽泛公开内容的一部分；然而，既没有公开也没有例示亚烷基桥联2.2’-双酚。
美国申请2011/0023351(Poirier等人，02/03/2011)公开了用于包含生物柴油和生物柴油混合物的燃料的受阻酚和联苯酚的抗氧化剂混合物。联苯酚指单一芳环上包含2个醇结构部分的芳族基团(例如氢醌)。没有公开双酚。
美国申请2010/0269774(Shinoda等人，10/28/2010)公开了用于以生物燃料为燃料的柴油机中的润滑组合物，所述润滑组合物包含酚类抗氧化剂和胺基抗氧化剂的组合。公开了几种酚类抗氧化剂，包括2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚、2,2'-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亚甲基双(4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、4,4'-双-(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)、3-(4-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基-苯基)丙酸的烷基醇酯。所有实验实施例用3-(4-羟基-3,5-二-叔丁基-苯基)丙酸的6-甲基庚基醇酯进行。
WO/PCT申请2008/124390A2(Lubrizol，2008年10月16日)公开了受阻酚抗氧化剂和清净剂的协同增效组合以改进生物柴油燃料的氧化稳定性。
美国申请2008/0127550(Li等人，2008年6月5日)公开了稳定化生物柴油燃料组合物，其中稳定剂为以下化合物的组合：i)选自由位阻酚抗氧化剂组成的组的一种或多种化合物；和ii)选自由三唑金属减活剂组成的组的一种或多种化合物。
美国专利6,002,051(Burjes等人，1999年12月14日)公开了以下通式的化合物：
其中各个R1为叔烷基，X、Y和Z为烃基基团(或氢)，R2为亚烷基或次烷基，且n为0-4。润滑剂和燃料可包含这类苯酚化合物。
PCT公开WO 2003/091365(Jackson等人，2003年11月6日)公开了操作内燃机的方法，其中将抗氧化剂组合物引入发动机的燃烧室中。除其它组分外，抗氧化剂组合物包含亚烷基或次烷基偶合位阻酚低聚物。公开了通常液态烃燃料，除公开的那些外，其可以为柴油燃料以及植物或动物油的甲基酯。
所公开的技术提供适于以包含生物柴油组分的液态燃料为燃料的油箱润滑发动机的润滑剂组合物，其显示出在包含一部分生物柴油组分的润滑剂中的改进抗腐蚀性和改进抗氧化性。这由亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物的存在实现。尽管生物柴油组分通常由生物来源(动物或者植物脂肪或油)制备，应当理解所公开的技术也适用于生物柴油组分或生物柴油燃料如脂肪酸酯由合成来源制备，即不衍生自动物或者植物脂肪或油。
发明概述
本发明提供包含(即搀杂有)至少0.1重量％生物柴油燃料或其分解产物的润滑组合物(基于润滑油组合物的总重量)，所述润滑组合物进一步包含具有润滑粘度的油和包含亚烷基偶合苯酚的抗氧化剂，其中亚烷基偶合苯酚包含至少2个苯酚单元，其至少一个苯酚单元具有在相对于其羟基的对位上的烃基取代基；在相对于羟基的邻位上的在1和/或2位上烃基取代的烷基；和在另一邻位上的亚烷基连接基团。
如另外表示，本发明提供包含或者搀杂有至少0.1重量％生物柴油燃料或其分解产物的润滑油组合物(基于润滑油组合物的总重量)，所述润滑组合物进一步包含具有润滑粘度的油和抗氧化剂(其可以以0.05-8重量％的量存在)，所述抗氧化剂包含亚烷基偶合苯酚，其中亚烷基偶合苯酚包含至少2个苯酚单元，其至少一个苯酚单元具有在所述苯酚单元中相对于羟基的对位上的烃基取代基(或者任选酯取代的烃基取代基)；位于所述苯酚单元中相对于羟基的邻位上的在其1和/或2位上烃基取代的烷基；和在所述苯酚单元的另一邻位上的亚烷基连接基团。
本发明进一步提供包含或者搀杂有至少0.1重量％生物柴油燃料或其分解产物的润滑油组合物(基于润滑油组合物的总重量)，所述润滑组合物进一步包含具有润滑粘度的油和抗氧化剂(其可以以0.05-8重量％的量存在)，所述抗氧化剂包含下式所示亚烷基偶合苯酚：
其中各个R1独立地为氢或具有3至约12个碳原子的烷基，其中至少一个R1为在1或2位上被具有1-3个碳原子的烃基取代的烷基；各个R3独立地为氢或甲基；n为0-3，且各个R2独立地为具有1至约30个碳原子的烃基或者被酯基团取代的这类烃基。
还提供了润滑以包含生物柴油组分的液态燃料为燃料的油箱润滑内燃机的方法，所述生物柴油组分包含具有12-24个碳原子的羧酸的C1-C3或C1-C4烷基酯，所述方法包括向油箱中供入润滑剂，所述润滑剂包含具有润滑粘度的油和次要量的在邻位上桥联的亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物。
如另外表示，还提供包含以包含至少约2重量％脂肪酸烷基酯的液态燃料为燃料的柴油机的方法，所述方法包括向所述发动机中供入润滑剂，所述润滑剂包含具有润滑粘度的油和约0.05至约8重量％抗氧化剂(其可以以0.5-8重量％的量存在)，所述氧化剂包含亚烷基偶合苯酚，其中亚烷基偶合苯酚包含至少2个苯酚单元，其至少一个苯酚单元具有在所述苯酚单元中相对于羟基的对位上的烃基取代基(或者任选酯取代的烃基取代基)；位于所述苯酚单元中相对于羟基的邻位上的在其1和/或2位上烃基取代的烷基；和在所述苯酚单元的另一邻位上的亚烷基连接基团。
还提供改进润滑剂组合物的抗腐蚀性和抗氧化性的方法，所述润滑剂组合物包含具有润滑粘度的油和至少0.1或者至少0.5重量％的具有12-24个碳原子的羧酸的C1-C3或C1-C4烷基酯，其存在可能由润滑剂被液态燃料稀释而产生，所述方法包括在所述润滑剂组合物内包含次要量的在邻位上桥联的亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物。
发明详述
下面借助非限定性阐述描述本发明的各个优选特征和实施方案。
如本文所述润滑剂特别用于润滑以包含生物柴油燃料的液态燃料为燃料的柴油机，即包含特定量(例如2重量％)的具有12-24个碳原子的羧酸的C1-C3或C1-C4烷基酯的液态燃料为燃料的柴油机。这类烷基可包括甲基、乙基、1-丙基、2-丙基、正丁基、仲丁基、异丁基或叔丁基。液态燃料中该酯的量可以为2-100重量％，或者4-100％或者5-100％或者10-100％，例如4-12％或者5-10％或者通常2、4、5、10或12％至100或90或80或50或30％。这些百分数通常基于除可能存在的任何性能添加剂外的液态燃料计算。燃料的余量可以为石油衍生的燃料或馏分，例如中间馏分燃料或者常用于向柴油机供燃料的其它石油燃料。燃料中硫的量对低硫燃料而言可以为少于300份每百万重量份，或者对超低硫燃料而言，为少于50ppm或少于10ppm，例如1-10ppm S。燃料还可包含较高含量的硫，例如达1000ppm或者300-500ppm。任何存在的硫可来自生物柴油组分或来自石油馏分或者二者。
生物柴油燃料
生物柴油燃料可衍生自动物脂肪和/或植物油以包含生物质来源如植物种子，如美国专利No.6,166,231所述。酯因此可以为甲基、乙基、丙基或异丙基酯。羧酸可衍生自天然或合成来源，且可包含在链长、支链等方面相对纯或单一的酸组分，或者它们可以为特征是由动物或尤其是植物来源得到的酸的酸混合物。
生物柴油燃料因此包括天然存在的脂肪酸的酯，例如菜子油的甲基酯，其通常可通过天然脂肪或油的甘油三酯与具有1-3个碳原子的脂族醇酯交换而制备。其它合适的材料包括大豆油(SME)、向日葵油、椰子油、玉米油、橄榄油、棕榈油、麻风树油、花生油、低芥酸菜子油、巴巴树油、蓖麻油、菜子油(RME)和芝麻子油的甲基酯。这类材料包括最通常具有8-24或者12-22或16-18个碳原子且具有不同支化或不饱和度的酸的混合物。在一个实施方案中，生物柴油为具有约12至约24个碳原子且具有至少一个烯键式双键(如通常在衍生自或可衍生自植物来源的羧酸中所找到的)的羧酸的甲基酯。例如认为菜子油主要包含油酸(C18)、亚油酸(C18)、亚麻酸(C18)，在一些情况下芥酸(C22)。在一个实施方案中，生物柴油燃料衍生自大豆油(即SME)或者菜子油(RME)或者其组合。
生物柴油燃料可用作唯一的燃料或者作为另一燃料组分如烃基柴油燃料的添加。如果与另一燃料组分一起使用，则该其它燃料在环境条件如室温(20-30℃)下通常为液体。燃料可以为烃燃料、非烃燃料或其混合物。烃燃料可以为石油馏分，例如如ASTM规格D975所定义的柴油燃料。在一个实施方案中，燃料为柴油燃料。烃燃料可以为通过气至液方法制备的烃，包括例如通过方法如费托法制备的烃。非烃燃料可以为含氧组合物，通常称为氧合物，例如醇、醚、酮、羧酸酯、硝基烷烃或其混合物。非烃燃料可包括例如甲醇、乙醇、甲基叔丁基醚、甲乙酮或硝基甲烷。在一些实施方案中，燃料可具有基于重量为5000ppm或更少、1000ppm或更少、300ppm或更少、200ppm或更少、30ppm或更少，或者10ppm或更少的硫含量。在另一实施方案中，燃料可具有基于重量为1-100ppm的硫含量。在一个实施方案中，燃料包含0ppm至1000ppm、0-500ppm、0-100ppm、0-50ppm、0-25ppm、0-10ppm或者0-5ppm的碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属或其混合物。在另一实施方案中，燃料包含1-10重量ppm的碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属或其混合物。已知包含碱金属、碱土金属、过渡金属或其混合物的燃料可能具有较大的形成沉积物并因此积垢或堵塞高压储液筒式喷油器的倾向。
当用作烃基柴油燃料的添加时，生物柴油燃料可构成所得柴油燃料混合物的2-50重量％，例如混合物的5-30重量％。在欧洲，生物柴油燃料被认为或者已经要求以5-10重量％的量用于烃基柴油燃料中。
构成100％生物柴油材料的燃料指定为B100，而具有较少生物柴油材料含量的燃料根据该含量指定，例如包含20％生物柴油组分的燃料指定为B20。该指定通常根据重量。
用于制备脂肪酸酯且衍生自动物或植物材料的油的实例包括菜子油、芫荽油、大豆油、棉子油、向日葵油、蓖麻油、橄榄油、花生油、玉米油、杏仁油、棕榈子油、椰子油、芥子油、牛脂、骨油和鱼油。其它实例包括衍生自小麦、黄麻、芝麻、牛油果的油，花生油和亚麻子油。本发明脂肪酸烷基酯可通过现有技术已知的方法衍生自这些油。为用甘油部分酯化的脂肪酸混合物的菜子油是用于制备烷基脂肪酸酯的常用油，因为它可以以大量得到并且可以以简单的方式通过油菜子的萃取压榨得到。
有用的烷基脂肪酸酯可包括例如具有12-22个碳原子的脂肪酸的甲基、乙基、丙基和丁基酯，具有12-22个碳原子的脂肪酸例如为月桂酸、肉豆蔻酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、硬脂酸、油酸、反油酸、岩芹酸、蓖麻油酸、桐酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、二十烷酸、顺9-二十碳烯酸(gadoleinic acid)、二十二烷酸或芥酸。在一个实施方案中，烷基脂肪酸酯为油酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸和芥酸的甲基酯。
本发明烷基脂肪酸酯例如通过将它们与较低级脂族醇酯交换而将动物和植物脂肪和油水解和酯化而得到。为制备脂肪酸的低级烷基酯，有利的是起始于具有高碘值的脂肪和油，例如向日葵油、菜子油、芫荽油、蓖麻油、大豆油、棉子油、花生油或牛脂。
为烃基酯的生物柴油燃料容易分解，尤其是通过将所述酯水解产生烃基醇，例如甲醇、乙醇和丙醇，及其脂肪酸或盐。在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物掺杂有至少0.1重量％生物柴油分解产物，所述生物柴油分解产物可包含C1-C3烃基醇、具有8-24个碳原子的脂肪酸、所述脂肪酸的胺或金属盐，或者其混合物。
具有润滑粘度的油
所公开技术的一种组分为具有润滑粘度的油。用于本发明润滑油组合物中的基油可选自如American Petroleum Institute(API)Base Oil InterchangeabilityGuidelines中所述的I-V组基油中的任一种。五个基油组如下：
在一个实施方案中，通过ASTM D2007，如本技术中所用基油具有少于300ppm硫和/或至少90％饱和物含量。在某些实施方案中，基油具有至少95或至少115的粘度指数。在一个实施方案中，本发明基油具有至少120的粘度指数且为聚α烯烃或者包含这类材料的混合物。
I、II和III组为矿物油基本油料。具有润滑粘度的油则可包括天然或合成润滑油及其混合物。通常使用矿物油和合成油(特别是聚α烯烃油和聚酯油)的混合物。
天然油包括动物油和植物油(例如蓖麻油、猪油和其它植物酸酯)以及矿物润滑油如液体石油，和链烷烃、环烷烃或者混合链烷烃-环烷烃型的溶剂处理或酸处理矿物润滑油。加氢处理或加氢裂化油包含在有用的具有润滑粘度的油的范围内。
衍生自煤或页岩的具有润滑粘度的油也是有用的。合成润滑油包括烃油和卤素取代的烃油，例如聚合和共聚烯烃及其混合物，烷基苯，聚苯(例如联苯、三联苯、和烷基化聚苯)，烷基化二苯醚和烷基化二苯硫及其衍生物、类似物和同系物。氧化烯聚合物和共聚物及其衍生物，和其中末端羟基已例如通过酯化或醚化而改性的那些，构成可使用的其它类已知合成润滑油。可使用的另一类合适合成润滑油包括二羧酸的酯及由C5-C12单羧酸和多元醇或多元醇醚制备的那些。
其它合适的合成润滑油包括含磷酸的液体酯，聚四氢呋喃，硅基油如聚烷基-、聚芳基-、聚烷氧基-或聚芳氧基-硅氧烷油，和硅酸酯油。
还已知并可使用加氢处理的环烷烃油。可使用合成油，例如通过费托反应制备的那些，通常可以为加氢异构化的费托合成烃或蜡。在一个实施方案中，油可通过费托气至液合成程序制备以及其它气至液油。
上文公开类型的天然或合成(以及这些中任何两种或更多种的混合物)的未精炼、精炼和再精炼油可用于本发明组合物中。未精炼油为不经进一步提纯处理，直接由天然或合成来源得到的那些。精炼油类似于未精炼油，不同的是已将它们在一个或多个提纯步骤中进一步处理以改进一种或多种性能。再精炼油通过将类似于用于得到精炼油的方法应用于已使用过的精炼油而得到。这类再精炼油通常另外通过旨在除去废添加剂和油分解产物的技术加工。
最终配制润滑剂中油的量通常为在计算其余添加剂以后等于100％的余量。通常，这可以为60-99重量％，或者70-97％，或者80-95％，或者85-93％。所公开的技术也可作为浓缩物提供，在这种情况下油的量通常降低，且其它组分的浓度相应地提高。在这类情况下，油的量可以为30-70重量％或40-60％。
亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物
本发明提供润滑组合物，其包含具有润滑粘度的油和在苯酚的邻位上，即在苯酚环的2位上桥联的亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物，其中苯酚的羟基在1位。
在一个实施方案中，亚烷基偶合苯酚由式(1)表示：
其中各个R1独立地为氢或具有3-12个碳原子的烷基，其中至少一个R1为在1或2位(或者1和2位)上被烃基取代的烷基，所述烃基在某些实施方案中可以为具有1-3个碳原子的烃基；各个R3独立地为氢或具有1-12个碳原子的烃基；n为0-3；且各个R2独立地为具有1-30个碳原子，例如1-4或1个碳原子的烃基或者被酯基团取代的这类烃基。具有2个碳的酯取代烃基例如可由式-CH2CH2C(O)OR4表示，其中R4为C1-C12烷基，例如C4-C8烷基。
R1基团内在1和/或2位上的取代可以是被一个或多个烷基取代。在某些实施方案中，R1基团可以为环己基，即有效地具有在1位上被本身是环状结构的一部分的烷基取代。因此，烃基取代基也可以为环状烃基的一部分。
在一个实施方案中，亚烷基偶合苯酚由式(2)表示：
在一个实施方案中，亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物为2,2'-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)，例如可由Cytec Industries得到的2246、可由BASF得到的2246或由Chemtura得到的22M46。
亚烷基偶合苯酚可由2,4-二烷基苯酚与醛或酮反应而制备。在一个实施方案中，本发明提供制备亚烷基偶合苯酚的方法，所述方法包括借助烃基苯酚与醛在酸或碱催化剂的存在下缩合以形成烃基苯酚-醛缩合物而形成2,4-烷基化烃基苯酚醛缩合物。合适的醛包括甲醛(和反应性等价物)、乙醛和丙醛。合适的酮包括丙酮和甲乙酮。在一个实施方案中，烃基苯酚与甲醛或反应性等价物偶合。
在与上述实施方案中的任何组合使用的某些实施方案中，亚烷基偶合苯酚可以以0.1、0.3、0.5、1.0或1.5重量％或者更多存在于润滑组合物中。在又另外的实施方案中，亚烷基偶合苯酚可以以在具有0.1、0.3、0.5、1.0或1.5重量％的下限和1.0、2.0、3.0、4.0、4.5、5.0或8.0重量％的上限的范围内存在。
其它性能添加剂
在一些实施方案中，本发明组合物包含一种或多种其它添加剂。合适的其它添加剂为清净剂，其中清净剂不同于上述苯胺衍生物。
发动机润滑领域中最常用的清净剂由碱性含金属化合物(通常基于这类金属如钙、镁、锌或钠的金属氢氧化物、氧化物或碳酸盐)的存在而得到多数或所有其碱度或TBN。也称为过碱性或超碱性盐的这类金属过碱性清净剂通常为单相均匀牛顿体系，其特征是金属含量超过根据金属和与金属反应的具体酸性有机化合物的化学计量中和而存在的金属量。过碱性材料通常通过使酸性材料(通常无机酸或较低级羧酸如二氧化碳)与酸性有机化合物(也称为基质)、化学计量过量的金属基础物的混合物，通常在对于酸性有机基质来说的一种惰性有机溶剂(例如矿物油、石脑油、甲苯、二甲苯)的反应介质中反应而制备。通常还存在少量促进剂如苯酚或醇，在一些情况下，少量水。酸性有机基质通常具有足够的碳原子数目以提供在油中的溶解度。
这类常规过碱性材料及其制备方法是本领域技术人员熟知的。描述制备磺酸、羧酸、苯酚、膦酸的碱性金属盐及这些中任何两种或更多种的混合物的技术的专利包括美国专利2,501,731；2,616,905；2,616,911；2,616,925；2,777,874；3,256,186；3,384,585；3,365,396；3,320,162；3,318,809；3,488,284；和3,629,109。Salixarate清净剂描述于美国专利6,200,936中。
过碱性含金属清净剂可选自由不含硫酚盐、含硫酚盐、磺酸盐、salixarate、水杨酸盐及其混合物或者其硼酸化等价物组成的组。过碱性清净剂可用硼酸化剂如硼酸硼酸化。
在一个实施方案中，过碱性含金属清净剂可以为酚盐、含硫酚盐、磺酸盐、salixarate或水杨酸盐的锌、钠、钙或镁盐。金属组分因此可包括碱金属如Na、Li或K，或者碱土金属如Mg或Ca，或者另一金属。过碱性salixarate、酚盐和水杨酸盐通常具有180-450TBN的总碱值(ASTM D3896)。过碱性磺酸盐通常具有250-600或300-500的总碱值。过碱性清净剂是本领域中已知的。在一个实施方案中，磺酸盐清净剂可以是具有至少8的金属比的主要线性烷基苯磺酸盐清净剂，如美国专利申请2005-065045的第[0026]-[0037]段中所述。术语“金属比”为金属的总当量与酸性有机化合物的当量的比。中性金属盐具有1的金属比。具有存在于正盐中的金属的4.5倍的金属的盐具有3.5当量的金属过量或4.5的比。主要线性烷基苯磺酸盐清净剂可特别用于帮助改进燃料经济性。在一些实施方案中，线性烷基可连接在苯环上沿着烷基线性链的任何位置，但通常在线性链的2、3或4位上，在一些情况下主要在2位上。
在一个实施方案中，过碱性含金属清净剂为钙或镁过碱性清净剂。在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物包含过碱性磺酸钙、过碱性苯酚钙、过碱性水杨酸钙或其混合物。在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物包含过碱性水杨酸钙。过碱性清净剂可包含具有至少3的金属比的磺酸钙或水杨酸钙。
本发明过碱性清净剂可以以组合物的0.05重量％至5重量％的量存在。在其它实施方案中，过碱性清净剂可以以润滑组合物的0.1％、0.3％或0.5％至3.2％、1.7％或0.9重量％存在。类似地，过碱性清净剂可以以适于提供给润滑组合物1TBN至10TBN的量存在。在其它实施方案中，过碱性清净剂以提供给润滑组合物1.5TBN或2TBN至3TBN、5TBN或7TBN的量存在。
本发明润滑组合物任选包含其它性能添加剂。其它性能添加剂包括金属减活剂、粘度改进剂、摩擦改进剂、抗磨剂、腐蚀抑制剂、分散剂、分散剂粘度改进剂、特压剂、抗氧化剂、抑泡剂、反乳化剂、倾点下降剂、密封溶胀剂中的至少一种及其混合物。通常，完全配制润滑油包含这些性能添加剂中的一种或多种。
一种该添加剂为分散剂。分散剂是润滑剂领域中熟知的，且主要包括称为无灰型分散剂和聚合分散剂的那些。无灰型分散剂的特征是连接在较高分子量烃链上的极性基团。典型的无灰分散剂包括含氮分散剂如N-取代的长链烯基琥珀酰亚胺，也称为琥珀酰亚胺分散剂。琥珀酰亚胺分散剂更完整地描述于美国专利4,234,435和3,172,892中。另一类无灰分散剂为高分子量酯，其通过烃基酰化剂和多元脂族醇如甘油、季戊四醇或山梨糖醇的反应而制备。这类材料更详细地描述于美国专利3,381,022中。另一类无灰分散剂为曼尼希碱。这些为通过较高分子量烷基取代的苯酚、亚烷基多胺和醛如甲醛缩合而形成并且更详细地描述于美国专利3,634,515中。其它分散剂包括聚合分散剂添加剂，其通常为包含极性官能以赋予聚合物分散性特征的烃基聚合物。也可将分散剂通过与多种试剂中任一种反应而后处理。其中，这些为脲、硫脲、二巯基噻二唑、二硫化碳、醛、酮、羧酸、烃取代的琥珀酸酐、马来酸酐、腈、环氧化物、硼化合物和磷化合物。详述这种处理的参考列于美国专利4,654,403中。本发明组合物中分散剂的量通常可以为1-10重量％，或者1.5-9.0％，或者2.0-8.0％，都基于无油表示。
另一组分可以为不同于本发明亚烷基偶合苯酚的抗氧化剂。抗氧化剂包括可包含含有2或3个叔丁基的丁基取代苯酚的酚类抗氧化剂。对位也可被烃基或者桥联两个芳环的基团占据。后一类抗氧化剂更详细地描述于美国专利6,559,105中。抗氧化剂还包括芳族胺，例如壬基化二苯胺。其它抗氧化剂包括硫化烯烃、钛化合物和钼化合物。美国专利No.4,285,822例如公开了包含含钼和硫的组合物的润滑油组合物。抗氧化剂的典型量当然取决于具体抗氧化剂及其单独的效力，但说明性总量可以为0.01-5，或者0.15-4.5，或者0.2-4重量％。另外，可存在多于一种抗氧化剂，且这些的某些组合在其组合总效果方面是协同增效的。
在一个实施方案中，本发明亚烷基偶合苯酚化合物与至少一种其它无灰抗氧化剂组合使用，所述其它无灰抗氧化剂选自不同于本发明的受阻酚和二芳基胺。在一个实施方案中，本发明润滑组合物包含少于0.3重量％二芳基胺抗氧化剂；在一些实施方案中，本发明润滑组合物不含或者基本不含(即少于0.03重量％)二芳基胺抗氧化剂。在某些实施方案中，所公开技术的亚烷基偶合苯酚抗氧化剂包含组合物的无灰(即不同于含金属)抗氧化剂的总量的至少67重量％。在其它实施方案中，亚烷基偶合苯酚抗氧化剂的量可以为总无灰抗氧化剂的75-100％，或者80-100％，或者90-100％，或者95-100％，或者95-99.5％，或者95-1％。任何其它无灰抗氧化剂(例如胺类抗氧化剂、含硫抗氧化剂或其它酚类抗氧化剂)为补充量使之等于100％，并且可以为例如0.5-25％。在某些实施方案中，它们不存在或者基本不存在，例如0或接近0％。为了参比，某些含金属材料，例如二烷基二硫代磷酸锌可赋予一些抗氧化剂性能，但它们不是无灰或无金属材料，因而不计算。
粘度改进剂(有时也称为粘度指数改进剂或粘度改进剂)可包含在本发明组合物中。粘度改进剂通常为聚合物，包括聚异丁烯、聚(甲基)丙烯酸盐(PMA)和聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯、氢化二烯聚合物、聚烷基苯乙烯、酯化苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物、氢化烯基芳烃-共轭二烯共聚物和聚烯烃。PMA由具有不同烷基的甲基丙烯酸酯单体的混合物制备。烷基可以为包含1-18个碳原子的直链或支链基团。多数PMA为粘度改进剂以及倾点下降剂。
还具有分散剂和/或抗氧化性性能的多功能粘度改进剂是已知的并可任选使用。分散剂粘度改进剂(DVM)为这类多功能添加剂的一个实例。DVM通常通过少量含氮单体与甲基丙烯酸烷基酯共聚而制备，导致具有分散力、粘度改进、倾点下降和分散力的一些组合的添加剂。乙烯基吡啶、N-乙烯基吡咯烷酮和甲基丙烯酸N,N’-二甲基氨基乙酯为含氮单体的实例。由一种或多种丙烯酸烷基酯聚合或共聚得到的聚丙烯酸酯也用作粘度改进剂。
分散剂粘度改进剂可包括官能化聚烯烃，例如用酰化剂如马来酸酐和胺官能化的乙烯-丙烯共聚物；用胺官能化的聚甲基丙烯酸酯；或与胺反应的苯乙烯-马来酸酐共聚物。对分散剂粘度改进剂的更详细描述公开于国际公开WO2006/015130或美国专利4,863,623；6,107,257；6,107,258；和6,117,825中。在一个实施方案中，分散剂粘度改进剂可包括美国专利4,863,623(参见第2栏第15行至第3栏第52行)或国际公开WO2006/015130(参见第2页第[0008]段以及第[0065]-[0073]段所述制备实施例)所述那些。
在一个实施方案中，本发明润滑组合物进一步包含分散剂粘度改进剂。分散剂粘度改进剂可以以润滑组合物的0重量％至15重量％，或者0重量％至10重量％，或者0.05重量％至5重量％，或者0.2重量％至2重量％存在。
在某些实施方案中，分散剂或分散剂粘度改进剂包含用某一类胺官能化的聚合物。用于聚合分散剂的胺可以为具有至少2或者至少3或者至少4个芳族基团，例如4-10或者4-8或者4-6个芳族基团，和至少一个伯或仲氨基或者作为选择，至少1个仲氨基的胺。在一些实施方案中，胺包含一个伯氨基和至少一个仲氨基。在某些实施方案中，胺包含至少4个芳族基团和至少2个仲氨基或叔氨基。
另一添加剂为抗磨剂。抗磨剂的实例包括含磷抗磨/特压剂，例如金属硫代磷酸盐、磷酸酯及其盐、含磷羧酸、酯、醚和酰胺；和亚磷酸盐。在某些实施方案中，磷抗磨剂可以以提供0.01-0.2或者0.015-0.15或者0.02-0.1或0.025-0.08重量％磷的量存在。通常，抗磨剂为二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDP)。对于可包含11％P(基于无油计算)的典型ZDP，合适的量可包括0.09-0.82重量％。不含磷抗磨剂包括硼酸酯(包括硼酸化环氧化物)、二硫代氨基甲酸酯化合物、含钼化合物和硫化烯烃。
可任选用于润滑油中的其它添加剂包括倾点下降剂、特压剂、色彩稳定剂和消泡剂。还可包括一种或多种如上所述含金属清净剂。
前述润滑油添加剂可直接加入基油中以形成润滑油组合物。然而，在一个实施方案中，添加剂中的一种或多种可用基本惰性、通常液体有机稀释剂如矿物油、合成油、石脑油、烷基化(例如C10-C13烷基)苯、烷基化甲苯或烷基化二甲苯稀释以形成添加剂浓缩物。这些浓缩物可包含1-99重量％，在一个实施方案中，10-90重量％该稀释剂。可将浓缩物加入基油中以形成润滑油组合物。
在一些实施方案中，本发明润滑组合物包含至少一种选自由不含磷抗磨剂、无灰分散剂、抗氧化剂、摩擦改进剂、二硫代磷酸锌和腐蚀抑制剂组成的组的添加剂。
本发明润滑组合物可具有大于6的总TBN，例如至少7、8、9、10或更大的TBN，以及任选至多25、至多18或至多13的TBN。在又另外的实施方案中，本发明润滑组合物还具有少于1.5、1.3或1.0重量％，在一些实施方案中，至少0.1％的硫酸盐灰含量。
本发明润滑组合物可具有少于0.4或0.3重量％的氮含量和/或少于5或3重量％的皂含量，在一些实施方案中，可具有至少0.01重量％的氮含量和/或至少0.1重量％的皂含量。
在不同的实施方案中，润滑组合物可具有如下表所述组成：
工业应用
在一个实施方案中，本发明提供润滑内燃机的方法，所述方法包括步骤：向内燃机中供入如本文所公开的润滑组合物。一般而言，将润滑剂加入内燃机的润滑系统中，所述润滑系统然后在其操作期间将润滑组合物提供给需要润滑的发动机的关键部件。
如上所述润滑组合物可用于内燃机中。发动机组件可具有钢或铝的表面(通常钢表面)，并且也可例如用类金刚石碳(DLC)涂层涂覆。
铝表面可包含铝合金，所述铝合金可以为共晶或过共晶铝合金(例如衍生自硅酸铝、氧化铝或其它陶瓷材料的那些)。铝表面可存在于具有铝合金或铝复合物的气缸孔、气缸柱或活塞环上。
内燃机可具有或不具有废气循环系统。内燃机可安装有废气控制系统或涡轮增压器。废气控制系统的实例包括柴油微粒过滤器(DPF)或使用选择性催化还原(SCR)的系统。
本发明内燃机或柴油机不同于燃气涡轮。在内燃机中，各燃烧事件通过杆和曲轴由直线往复力转化成旋转扭矩。相反，在燃气轮机(也可称为喷气发动机)中，存在连续燃烧方法，所述方法连续产生旋转扭矩而不转化，并且也可在废气出口处发展推力。这些区别使燃气轮机和内燃机的操作条件产生不同的操作环境和应力。
用于内燃机的润滑剂组合物可适于任何发动机润滑剂而不管硫、磷或硫酸盐灰(ASTM D-874)含量。发动机油润滑剂的硫含量可以为1重量％或更少，或者0.8重量％或更少，或者0.5重量％或更少，或者0.3重量％或更少。在一个实施方案中，硫含量可以为0.001重量％至0.5重量％，或者0.01重量％至0.3重量％。磷含量可以为0.2重量％或更少，或者0.12重量％或更少，或者0.1重量％或更少，或者0.085重量％或更少，或者0.08重量％或更少，或者甚至0.06重量％或更少、0.055重量％或更少，或者0.05重量％或更少。在一个实施方案中，磷含量可以为100ppm至1000ppm，或者200ppm至600ppm。总硫酸盐灰含量可以为2重量％或更少，或者1.5重量％或更少，或者1.1重量％或更少，或者1重量％或更少，或者0.8重量％或更少，或者0.5重量％或更少，或者0.4重量％或更少。在一个实施方案中，硫酸盐灰含量可以为0.05重量％至0.9重量％，或者0.1重量％至0.2重量％或至0.45重量％。
在一个实施方案中，润滑组合物可以为发动机油，其中润滑组合物的特征可以为具有以下至少一项：(i)0.5重量％或更少的硫含量，(ii)0.1重量％或更少的磷含量，(iii)1.5重量％或更少的硫酸盐灰含量，或者其组合。
具体实施方案
本发明通过以下实施例进一步阐述，所述实施例描述特别有利的实施方案。尽管提供实施例以阐述本发明，它们不意欲限制它。
偶合苯酚在由Sigma-Aldrich购得时使用。添加剂A(ADD A)为2,2'-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚]；添加剂B(ADD B)为2,2'-亚甲基双[4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚]；添加剂C(ADD C)为2,2-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-[α-甲基环己基)苯酚]。对比添加剂D(ADD D)为4,4'-亚甲基-双(2,6-二-叔丁基苯酚)。
润滑组合物
在具有润滑粘度的II组基油中制备包含上述添加剂以及常规添加剂的一系列15W-40发动机润滑剂，常规添加剂包括聚合粘度改进剂、无灰琥珀酰亚胺分散剂、过碱性清净剂、抗氧化剂(苯酚酯和二芳基胺的组合)、二烷基二硫代磷酸锌(ZDDP)以及如下其它性能添加剂(表1)。这些实施例各自的磷、硫和灰含量也显示于表中，以便部分地显示各实施例具有近似量的这些材料，所以提供对比例与本发明实施例之间的合适对比。
表1—润滑油组合物配制剂1
1–除非另外指出，上文所示所有量以重量％表示，且基于无油。
2–苯酚AO为2,6-二-烷基-苯酚丙酸酯
3–胺AO为烷基化二苯胺
4–清净剂为过碱性烷基苯磺酸钙
5–实施例中所用其它添加剂包括分散剂、粘度改进剂、无灰摩擦改进剂和消泡剂，且包括一些量的稀释油。相同的添加剂包用于各个实施例中。
试验
评估表1中汇总的润滑油组合物实施例在生物柴油的存在下的抗氧化性以及抗铅腐蚀性(表2)。抗腐蚀性通过将大豆油甲基酯(SME)(5重量％)加入润滑组合物中并进行评估柴油发动机油的腐蚀性的标准试验方法ASTM D6594而评估。氧化稳定性通过压力差示扫描量热法(PDSC)，使用关于氧化诱导时间的工业标准试验CECL85评估。在该试验中，在用空气加压至690kPa(100psi)并保持在210℃的池中测量试样直至通过热流检测氧化事件。报告以分钟表示的氧化诱导时间。较长的时间是较好的。
表2—氧化和腐蚀试验
*未测定
结果显示常规抗氧化剂能够提供所需氧化稳定性，但铅腐蚀是非常高的。补充酚类抗氧化剂(实施例2)或4,4’-偶合苯酚(实施例3)显示铅腐蚀的轻微改善。相反，0.5重量％2,2’-偶合苯酚的添加导致明显改善的铅(Pb)腐蚀，同时具有氧化诱导时间的小幅降低。同样，与2,2’-双酚一起的总抗氧化剂(实施例5)产生改善的氧化诱导时间以及Pd腐蚀的60％降低。同样，乙基类似物(实施例6)和具有甲基环己基的材料(实施例7)在相当的氧化开始时还显示改善的Pd腐蚀。其中所公开的添加剂为唯一抗氧化剂的实施例8提供非常低的铅腐蚀。
除非另有说明，所述各个化学组分的量表示为排除了通常可存在于商业材料中的任何溶剂或稀释油，即基于活性化学品。然而，除非另有说明，本文提及的各个化学品或组合物应当理解为可含有异构体、副产物、衍生物和通常应当理解存在于商品级中的其它这类材料的商品级材料。
如本文所用，术语“烃基取代基”或“烃基”以其本领域技术人员熟知的常用意义使用。具体而言，它指具有直接连接在分子其余部分上的碳原子且主要具有烃性质的基团。烃基的实例包括：
烃取代基，即脂族(例如烷基或烯基)、脂环族(例如环烷基、环烯基)取代基，以及芳族-、脂族-和脂环族取代的芳族取代基，以及其中环通过该分子的另一部分完成(例如两个取代基一起形成环)的环状取代基；
取代的烃取代基，即含有在本发明上下文中不改变取代基的主要烃性质的非烃基团(例如卤素(尤其是氯和氟)、羟基、烷氧基、巯基、烷基巯基、硝基、亚硝基和亚硫酰基(sulfoxy))的取代基；
杂取代基，即在本发明上下文中，在具有主要烃性质的同时在由碳原子组成的环或链中含有不同于碳的取代基且包括取代基如吡啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基和咪唑基。杂原子包括硫、氧、氮。一般而言，对于每10个碳原子，基团中存在不多于2个，或不多于1个非烃取代基；作为选择，烃基中不存在非烃取代基。
因此，如果满足以上特征，则被酯基团取代的烃基仍表征为烃基。作为实例，酯取代的烃基可由式-RC(O)OR4表示，其中R为亚烷基，且R4为C1-C12烷基，例如C4-C8烷基；该基团可认为是烃基。
已知一些上述材料在最终配制剂中可能相互作用，使得最终配制剂的组分可能与起初加入的那些不同。例如，金属离子(例如清净剂的)可迁移至其它分子的其它酸性或阴离子部位。由此形成的产品，包括经以其意欲用途使用本发明组合物而形成的产品可能不容易描述。然而，所有这类改进和反应产物均包括在本发明的范围内；本发明包括通过将上述组分混合而制备的组合物。
在此将上文提及的各文件通过引用并入本发明，包括要求保护优先权的任何先前申请，无论上文是否具体地列举。任何文件的提到不是该文件取得现有技术资格的认可，或以任何权限构成技术人员的常识。除实施例中，或另外明确说明外，在本说明书中描述材料的量、反应条件、分子量、碳原子数等的所有数量应当理解被措辞“约”修饰。应当理解本文所述量、范围和比的上限和下限可独立地组合。类似地，本发明各个元素的范围和量可以与任何其它元素的范围或量一起使用。如本文所用，表述“基本由…组成”容许包括不实质上影响所考虑的组合物的基本和新特征的物质。
Claims (15)
1.润滑油组合物，其包含或者搀杂有基于润滑油组合物的总重量为至少0.1重量％的生物柴油燃料或其分解产物，所述润滑油组合物进一步包含具有润滑粘度的油和0.05至8重量％抗氧化剂，所述抗氧化剂包含亚烷基偶合苯酚，其中亚烷基偶合苯酚包含2,2'-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亚甲基双[4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚]、2,2-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-[α-甲基环己基)苯酚]、或其任何组合。
2.根据权利要求1的润滑油组合物，其中亚烷基偶合苯酚的量为0.1至3重量％。
3.根据权利要求1的润滑油组合物，其中组合物进一步包含含金属清净剂。
4.根据权利要求2的润滑油组合物，其中组合物进一步包含含金属清净剂。
5.根据权利要求3的润滑油组合物，其中含金属清净剂包含过碱性水杨酸钙清净剂。
6.根据权利要求4的润滑油组合物，其中含金属清净剂包含过碱性水杨酸钙清净剂。
7.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的润滑油组合物，其中亚烷基偶合苯酚抗氧化剂包含组合物的无灰抗氧化剂的总量的至少67重量％。
8.根据权利要求1-6中任一项的组合物，其中生物柴油燃料或其分解产物包含脂肪酸烷基酯。
9.根据权利要求7的组合物，其中生物柴油燃料或其分解产物包含脂肪酸烷基酯。
10.润滑以包含至少2重量％脂肪酸烷基酯的液态燃料为燃料的柴油机的方法，其包括向所述柴油机中供入包含具有润滑粘度的油和0.05至8重量％抗氧化剂的润滑剂，所述抗氧化剂包含亚烷基偶合苯酚，其中亚烷基偶合苯酚包含2,2'-亚甲基双(4-甲基-6-叔丁基苯酚)、2,2'-亚甲基双[4-乙基-6-叔丁基苯酚]、2,2-亚甲基双[4-甲基-6-[α-甲基环己基)苯酚]、或其任何组合。
11.根据权利要求10的方法，其中润滑剂进一步包含含金属清净剂。
12.根据权利要求11的方法，其中含金属清净剂包含碱土金属磺酸盐、酚盐或水杨酸盐。
13.根据权利要求10-12中任一项的方法，其中亚烷基偶合苯酚抗氧化剂包含组合物的无灰抗氧化剂的总量的至少67重量％。
14.根据权利要求10-12中任一项的方法，其中润滑剂包含或者搀杂有至少0.1重量％生物柴油燃料或其分解产物。
15.根据权利要求13的方法，其中润滑剂包含或者搀杂有至少0.1重量％生物柴油燃料或其分解产物。
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| US201261727936P | 2012-11-19 | 2012-11-19 | |
| US61/727,936 | 2012-11-19 | ||
| PCT/US2013/067637 WO2014078083A1 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2013-10-31 | Coupled phenols for use in biodiesel engines |
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| US10113132B2 (en) | 2012-11-19 | 2018-10-30 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Coupled phenols for use in biodiesel engines |
| US10344245B2 (en) * | 2016-10-25 | 2019-07-09 | Chevron Oronite Technology B.V. | Lubricating oil compositions comprising a biodiesel fuel and a dispersant |
| US10781394B2 (en) | 2016-10-25 | 2020-09-22 | Chevron Oronite Technology B.V. | Lubricating oil compositions comprising a biodiesel fuel and a Mannich condensation product |
| KR20180068410A (ko) | 2016-12-14 | 2018-06-22 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 압전 소자 기반의 피드백 출력 방법 및 이를 지원하는 전자 장치 |
| EP3562921B1 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2022-04-27 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition including n-alkylated dianiline |
| EP3562922B1 (en) | 2016-12-27 | 2021-02-03 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricating composition with alkylated naphthylamine |
| SG11201906384UA (en) | 2017-02-21 | 2019-09-27 | Exxonmobil Res & Eng Co | Lubricating oil compositions and methods of use thereof |
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| EP2920282A1 (en) | 2015-09-23 |
| US20150307803A1 (en) | 2015-10-29 |
| DK2920282T3 (da) | 2021-11-08 |
| CA2891520A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| US10113132B2 (en) | 2018-10-30 |
| EP2920282B1 (en) | 2021-10-20 |
| WO2014078083A1 (en) | 2014-05-22 |
| ES2898500T3 (es) | 2022-03-07 |
| CN104919028A (zh) | 2015-09-16 |
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