A kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer and preparation method thereof
Technical field
The invention belongs to fermentation fertilizer technical field, be specifically related to a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
In area, Linan, along with the increase of Semen Caryae Cathayensis cultivated area and output, Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu is stacked everywhere and causes great pollution.Make in the course of processing Semen Caryae Cathayensis, first Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu is removed, and then be processed into the Semen Caryae Cathayensis of delicious and crisp, therefore in the Semen Caryae Cathayensis course of processing, create and be greater than Semen Caryae Cathayensis volume 4-5 Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu doubly, so many waste material, if be not used, certainly will cause very large waste.But also fewer to the utilization of Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu at present, for Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, majority directly abandons process, owing to containing alkaloid component in Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, has stronger alkalescence, and not easily decompose.After discarded Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu is rotted, sewage can permeate the ground thus polluted underground water, causes water quality to become black, and water quality is significantly declined, and can not drink and even can not be used for cultivation.And when piling up discarded, the resistates after it is rotten, the soil of accumulation place also can be caused to be polluted, and vegetation cannot grow.
Rubbish from cooking refers to that the solid waste produced in each link is being produced, transports, distributes and consumed to food, main physicochemical property is that water ratio is high, organic content is high, grease and salt content is high, containing various trace elements, perishable easily smelly, PH<7, there is the good condition of recycling, but not in time, appropriate process, also can have a negative impact to environment.Changing food waste also exists the problems such as management is unordered, any disposal in China most cities, become that municipal wastes is collected, transport and the primary pollution source of landfill disposal, have a strong impact on the healthy and environmental quality of city look and feel, resident, it is innoxious, resource utilization, minimizing process is day by day by people are paid close attention to.
Area, Linan abounds with bamboo shoot product, fresh and tender bamboo shoot shells remaining a large amount of after processing bamboo shoot, it is a still undeveloped valuable source, generally adopt at present be underground buried or discard in river shoal nearby, limes marginis, not only cause environmental pollution, also be a kind of waste of resource, the process of bamboo shoot shell has become " bottleneck " that puzzlement industry further develops growth.
Above-mentioned three kinds of raw materials, its effective availability is low at present, although market has occurred utilize separately rubbish from cooking or bamboo shoot shell to make the technical scheme of fertilizer as raw material, but its making method is complicated, cost is high, can operational readiness low, at present, by three kinds of mixed raw materials for the pertinent literature of fermentation fertilizer there are no report.
Summary of the invention
For problems of the prior art, the invention provides a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer and preparation method thereof.
The present invention is realized by the following technical programs:
Described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, it is characterized in that, this fertilizer is made up of the material of following weight part: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 30-70%, rubbish from cooking 15-55%, bamboo shoot shell 10-20%.
Described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, is characterized in that described fertilizer is made up of the material of following weight part: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 40-60%, rubbish from cooking 25-45%, bamboo shoot shell 12-18%.
Described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, is characterized in that described fertilizer is made up of the material of following weight part: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 50%, rubbish from cooking 35%, bamboo shoot shell 15%.
The preparation method of described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, is characterized in that being made up of following steps:
1) after Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu and bamboo shoot shell is dry respectively, mill is rotten smashes, particle diameter 8-12mm;
2) rubbish from cooking is carried out draining process;
3) learnt from else's experience Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 30-70%, the rubbish from cooking 15-55% of weight part of above-mentioned process, bamboo shoot shell 10-20% stirs after mixing, and is laid in container and carries out compost fermentation 3-10 days;
4) carry out forced ventilation and mechanical stirring in composting process, utilize compost oxygen in real time, on-line monitoring system monitors, when oxygen consumption rate is in 0.2-0.6mgO
2/ g.hr.VS and maintaining when stablizing, obtains fermentation fertilizer of the present invention.
The preparation method of described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, is characterized in that in step 1), Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu and bamboo shoot shell are dried to water content 30-50%.
The preparation method of described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, is characterized in that step 2) in rubbish from cooking draining place to water content 30-50%.
The preparation method of described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, is characterized in that the parts by weight of Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, rubbish from cooking, bamboo shoot shell in step 3) are respectively: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 40-60%, rubbish from cooking 25-45%, bamboo shoot shell 12-18%.
The preparation method of described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, is characterized in that the parts by weight of Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, rubbish from cooking, bamboo shoot shell in step 3) are respectively: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 50%, rubbish from cooking 35%, bamboo shoot shell 15%.
The preparation method of described a kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer, is characterized in that in step 4), stirring frequency is 4-8r/min, and churning time is carry out stirring once after compost temperature more than 60 DEG C keeps 3-7 days.
Containing alkaloid component in Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, it has stronger alkalescence, and not easily decomposes; Rubbish from cooking physicochemical property is that water ratio is high, organic content is high, grease and salt content is high, containing various trace elements, perishable easily smelly, PH<7; Bamboo shoot shell is not easily degraded by fibrous, but have chessom, the effect of improvement soil.Utilize rubbish from cooking acidity neutralization weaken the part alkalescence of Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, and, rubbish from cooking very easily decomposes corruption, and can accelerate compost speed after fully stirring with Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu and the broken end of bamboo shoot shell, bamboo shoot case fibre more slightly can make compost air permeability strengthen.
The judgement of composting production rotten degree: the rotten degree of compost refers to that in compost, organic matter finally reaches stable degree through mineralising, humification process.Utilize compost oxygen in real time, on-line monitoring system, pass judgment on compost according to heap body oxygen consumption rate whether to reach and become thoroughly decomposed because oxygen consumption rate carries out changing with compost, when substrate reach become thoroughly decomposed time, microbial activities is in stable state, and oxygen consumption rate remains stable at lower level.
A kind of mixed fermentation fertilizer of the present invention and preparation method thereof, by making fermentation fertilizer after easily giving the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu of environment, bamboo shoot shell, rubbish from cooking mixed fermentation, effectively can solve the pollution problem that three kinds of raw materials bring to local soil, air and water source, also make three kinds of raw materials continue to play a role simultaneously, and making method simple possible, and provide the fertilizer of natural pollution-free, toxicological harmless for plant, there are larger ecological benefits.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail, and provides embodiment.
Formula 1: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 50%, rubbish from cooking 35%, bamboo shoot shell 15%.
Preparation method: collect Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, bamboo shoot shell carries out being dried to water content is respectively 40%, grinds rotten smashing to particle diameter and is about 10mm size, stand-by; It is 40% that rubbish from cooking carries out draining process to water content; Get by weight the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu of 50%, 35% rubbish from cooking, 15% bamboo shoot shell mixing after stir, be laid in container and carry out compost fermentation 3-10 days, forced ventilation and mechanical stirring is carried out in composting process, stirring frequency is 4-8r/min, churning time is carry out stirring once after compost temperature more than 60 DEG C keeps 3-7 days, utilize compost oxygen in real time, on-line monitoring system monitors, when oxygen consumption rate is in 0.4mgO2/g.hr.VS (VolatileSolid) left and right and maintenance is stablized, obtain fermentation fertilizer of the present invention.
Formula 2: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 30%, rubbish from cooking 55%, bamboo shoot shell 15%.
Preparation method: collect Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, bamboo shoot shell carries out being dried to water content is respectively 30%, grinds rotten smashing to particle diameter and is about 10mm size, stand-by; It is 50% that rubbish from cooking carries out draining process to water content; Get by weight the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu of 30%, 55% rubbish from cooking, 15% bamboo shoot shell mixing after stir, be laid in container and carry out compost fermentation 3-10 days, forced ventilation and mechanical stirring is carried out in composting process, stirring frequency is 4-8r/min, churning time is carry out stirring once after compost temperature more than 60 DEG C keeps 3-7 days, utilize compost oxygen in real time, on-line monitoring system monitors, when oxygen consumption rate be in lower level and maintain stablize time, obtain fermentation fertilizer of the present invention.
Formula 3: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 70%, rubbish from cooking 20%, bamboo shoot shell 10%.
Preparation method: collect Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, bamboo shoot shell carries out being dried to water content is respectively 50%, grinds rotten smashing to particle diameter and is about 10mm size, stand-by; It is 30% that rubbish from cooking carries out draining process to water content; Get by weight the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu of 70%, 20% rubbish from cooking, 10% bamboo shoot shell mixing after stir, be laid in container and carry out compost fermentation 3-10 days, forced ventilation and mechanical stirring is carried out in composting process, stirring frequency is 4-8r/min, churning time is carry out stirring once after compost temperature more than 60 DEG C keeps 3-7 days, utilize compost oxygen in real time, on-line monitoring system monitors, when oxygen consumption rate is in 0.4mgO2/g.hr.VS (VolatileSolid) left and right and maintenance is stablized, obtain fermentation fertilizer of the present invention.
Formula 4: pecan shell Pu 40%, rubbish from cooking 42%, bamboo shoot shell 18%.
Preparation method: collect Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, bamboo shoot shell carries out being dried to water content is respectively 35%, grinds rotten smashing to particle diameter and is about 10mm size, stand-by; It is 45% that rubbish from cooking carries out draining process to water content; Get by weight the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu of 40%, 42% rubbish from cooking, 18% bamboo shoot shell mixing after stir, be laid in container and carry out compost fermentation 3-10 days, forced ventilation and mechanical stirring is carried out in composting process, stirring frequency is 4-8r/min, churning time is carry out stirring once after compost temperature more than 60 DEG C keeps 3-7 days, utilize compost oxygen in real time, on-line monitoring system monitors, when oxygen consumption rate is in 0.4mgO2/g.hr.VS (VolatileSolid) left and right and maintenance is stablized, obtain fermentation fertilizer of the present invention.
Formula 5: Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu 60%, rubbish from cooking 28%, bamboo shoot shell 12%.
Preparation method: collect Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu, bamboo shoot shell carries out being dried to water content is respectively 48%, grind rotten smashing and be about 8-12mm to particle diameter, optimum is 10mm, stand-by; It is 40% that rubbish from cooking carries out draining process to water content; Get by weight the Semen Caryae Cathayensis shell Pu of 60%, 28% rubbish from cooking, 12% bamboo shoot shell mixing after stir, be laid in container and carry out compost fermentation 3-10 days, forced ventilation and mechanical stirring is carried out in composting process, stirring frequency is 4-8r/min, churning time is carry out stirring once after compost temperature more than 60 DEG C keeps 3-7 days, utilize compost oxygen in real time, on-line monitoring system monitors, when oxygen consumption rate is in 0.4mgO2/g.hr.VS (VolatileSolid) left and right and maintenance is stablized, obtain fermentation fertilizer of the present invention.
Test example
Sample plot prepares: prepare 6 pieces of geographical conditions similar, the crape myrtle ground that crape myrtle plantation situation is identical, and area is 4*15 ㎡.Prepare corresponding fertilizer according to the composition of formula 1-5 and select large composite fertilizer of Nintaus to apply fertilizer to 6 pieces of crape myrtles respectively, the fertilizer of the 1-5 that wherein fills a prescription is double centner, and large composite fertilizer of Nintaus is 300 kilograms.
Fertilizing method: by every block crape myrtle ground, be equally divided into two halves, half adopts and spreads manuer in holes, half adopts spreads fertilizer over the fields.
1. spread manuer in holes: on the root system limit of crape myrtle, 3-5cm far digs a circle, spread manuer in holes dark about 5-10 centimetre, and sprinkle above-mentioned various fertilizer respectively, earthing after fertilising, spills permeable.The fertilizer injury crop root that concentration is higher in cave, adopts the fertilizer of spreading manuer in holes fully to become thoroughly decomposed in advance, then applies in cave.
2. spread fertilizer over the fields: evenly respectively each seed manure is sprinkling upon around the root of plant, spills permeable.Various fertilization effect is in table 1.
Table 1 fertilization effect
As can be seen from Table 1, effort duration, formula 1> formula 5> formula 3> formula 4> formula 2> control group, wherein, fertility takes effect speed, and formula 1 is the fastest, and formula 2 and formula 3 take second place, formula 4 and formula 5 fertility take effect speed slightly slowly, and control group is the slowest.Therefore, 1 fertility effect of filling a prescription is the longest, less fastest, and ventilation property is also better, is best suited for the fertilizer of crape myrtle growth.