CN104903134A - 液压混合驱动系和用于运行液压混合驱动系的方法 - Google Patents

液压混合驱动系和用于运行液压混合驱动系的方法 Download PDF

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CN104903134A
CN104903134A CN201380069095.6A CN201380069095A CN104903134A CN 104903134 A CN104903134 A CN 104903134A CN 201380069095 A CN201380069095 A CN 201380069095A CN 104903134 A CN104903134 A CN 104903134A
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hydraulic
drive device
combustion engine
internal combustion
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A·贝特
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/40—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
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    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/08—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means
    • B60K6/12—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator
    • B60K2006/126—Prime-movers comprising combustion engines and mechanical or fluid energy storing means by means of a chargeable fluidic accumulator the hydraulic accumulator starts the engine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00
    • B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
    • B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
    • B60K6/26—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines ; Control systems therefor, i.e. systems controlling two or more prime movers, or controlling one of these prime movers and any of the transmission, drive or drive units Informative references: mechanical gearings with secondary electric drive F16H3/72; arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with the dynamo-electric machine H02K7/00; machines comprising structurally interrelated motor and generator parts H02K51/00; dynamo-electric machines not otherwise provided for in H02K see H02K99/00 the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the motors or the generators
    • B60K2006/268—Electric drive motor starts the engine, i.e. used as starter motor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K25/00—Auxiliary drives
    • B60K25/02—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft
    • B60K2025/026—Auxiliary drives directly from an engine shaft by a hydraulic transmission
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60W—CONJOINT CONTROL OF VEHICLE SUB-UNITS OF DIFFERENT TYPE OR DIFFERENT FUNCTION; CONTROL SYSTEMS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR HYBRID VEHICLES; ROAD VEHICLE DRIVE CONTROL SYSTEMS FOR PURPOSES NOT RELATED TO THE CONTROL OF A PARTICULAR SUB-UNIT
    • B60W10/00—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function
    • B60W10/10—Conjoint control of vehicle sub-units of different type or different function including control of change-speed gearings
    • B60W10/101—Infinitely variable gearings
    • B60W10/103—Infinitely variable gearings of fluid type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16H—GEARING
    • F16H47/00—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing
    • F16H47/02—Combinations of mechanical gearing with fluid clutches or fluid gearing the fluid gearing being of the volumetric type
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    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种液压混合驱动系(1)，具有内燃机驱动装置(10)和液压驱动装置(20)以及用于内燃机驱动装置(10)的起动电机/发电机(50)。为了优化该液压混合驱动系的运行，用于内燃机驱动装置(10)的起动电机/发电机(50)配属给所述液压驱动装置(20)。

Description

液压混合驱动系和用于运行液压混合驱动系的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种液压混合驱动系，具有内燃机驱动装置和液压驱动装置以及具有用于内燃机驱动装置的起动电机/发电机。本发明还涉及用于运行液压混合驱动系的方法。
背景技术
起动电机/发电机由例如汽车内部的电蓄能装置例如电池供给电能。用该电能，可以通过起动电机/发电机提供为起动内燃机驱动装置所需要的转矩。此外起动机/发电机还用于为车载电网和/或其他用电器供能。
发明内容
本发明的任务是，优化按照权利要求1前序部分的液压混合驱动系的运行。
在具有内燃机驱动装置和液压驱动装置以及具有用于内燃机驱动装置的起动电机/发电机的液压混合驱动系中，该任务的解决方案是，用于内燃机驱动装置的起动电机/发电机被配属给液压驱动装置。起动电机/发电机能够直接安装在内燃机驱动装置上。但是这存在如下缺点：当汽车内部的电蓄能装置由于其装载状态低而必须通过优选实施为发电机的起动电机充能时，内燃机驱动装置必须接通。根据本发明来配属优选实施为发电机的起动电机的优点是，电蓄能装置能通过液压驱动装置和起动电机充能。此外，例如在液压混合驱动系的惯性工况中，能实现能量再生运行，在该能量再生运行中，液压混合驱动系的制动能量可以通过实施为发电机的起动电机存储在电蓄能装置中。在能量再生运行中能有利地既对液压驱动装置的液压蓄压器、也对汽车内部的电蓄能装置充能。通过经由起动电机/发电机对电蓄能装置的附加充能，可以使液压驱动装置、尤其是液压驱动装置的第二液压调节器在效率更有利的运行点上运行。此外，根据本发明的起动电机/发电机配属的优点是，也被称为电池的汽车内部电蓄能装置能由液压驱动装置的液压蓄压器来充能。这表示，当液压混合驱动系或者装备有液压混合驱动系的混合动力车辆停止并且液压蓄压器为空时，内燃机驱动系统才需要被用来为电能储存装置充能。这对内燃机驱动系统的燃料消耗有积极作用。
该液压混合驱动系的一优选实施例的特征是，用于内燃机驱动装置的起动电机/发电机与液压驱动装置机械耦合。起动电机/发电机优选与液压驱动装置的液压机的一轴机械连接。通过例如实施为抗扭转连接或者实施为变速级的该机械耦合，既能将液压驱动装置的转矩传递给起动电机/发电机，也能将起动电机/发电机的转矩传递给液压驱动装置。起动电机/发电机优选与液压驱动装置机械连接。与内燃机驱动装置的耦合通过液压驱动装置进行。此外，通过根据本发明的起动电机/发电机配属，使得液压驱动装置的液压蓄压器能够通过起动电机/发电机借助电蓄能装置的电能来被充能。
该液压混合驱动系的另一优选实施例的特征是，用于内燃机驱动装置的起动电机/发电机可与内燃机驱动装置液压耦合和/或与被驱动的轴机械耦合。与被驱动的轴的机械耦合使得能够在能量再生运行中实现上述制动能量回收。
该液压混合驱动系的另一优选实施例的特征是，用于内燃机驱动装置的起动电机/发电机连接到液压驱动装置和一个离合器之间，通过该离合器，液压驱动装置可与被驱动的轴耦合。该离合器优选实施为分离离合器。离合器闭合时，液压驱动装置与被驱动的轴抗扭转地连接。在离合器打开情况下，与被驱动的轴的该抗扭转连接被中断。
该液压混合驱动系的另一优选实施例的特征是，一个传动器装置连接在所述离合器和所述被驱动的轴之间。该传动器装置例如涉及变速级。
该液压混合驱动系的另一优选实施例的特征是，内燃机驱动装置通过一传动器与液压驱动装置和被驱动的轴或者说传动器装置耦合。该传动器优选实施行星齿轮传动器。在该行星齿轮传动器中能有利地集成一个另外的离合器。
该液压混合驱动系的另一优选实施例的特征是，一个另外的离合器连接在所述传动器和所述被驱动的轴或者说传动器装置之间。该另外的离合器优选同样实施为分离离合器。通过该另外的离合器，内燃机驱动装置能与所述被驱动的轴机械脱耦。
该液压混合驱动系的另一优选实施例的特征是，液压驱动装置包括两个液压调节器。液压机也称为液压调节器，它们既可以作为液压马达也可以作为液压泵来使用。这些液压机例如是轴向活塞机。
该液压混合驱动系的另一优选实施例的特征是，用于内燃机驱动装置的起动电机/发电机被配属给第二液压调节器，该第二液压调节器又被配属给被驱动的轴。第一液压调节器优选在中间连接所述传动器的情况下被配属给内燃机驱动装置。在此，第一液压调节器例如起到液压泵的作用，通过它能为液压驱动装置的液压蓄压器充能。第二液压调节器则起到液压马达的作用，通过它能用液压蓄压器的或者液压蓄能器的液压能量来驱动所述被驱动的轴。
本发明还涉及一种用于运行前所液压混合驱动系的方法。本发明规定的方法使得能够实现例如能量再生运行，该能量再生运行中在液压混合驱动装置的惯性工况中不仅能对电蓄能装置例如电池、而且能对液压蓄能器或者蓄压器来充能。通过电蓄能装置的充能，尤其能让配属给被驱动的轴的第二液压调节器在效率更有利的运行点上运行。此外还能由液压蓄能器或者说蓄压器对电蓄能装置充能，或者反之。有利地，当装备有液压混合驱动系的液压混合动力车辆停止并且液压蓄压器或者说蓄压器为空时，内燃机驱动装置才被需要用来为电能储存装置充能。由此得到内燃机驱动装置的燃料消耗方面的优点。
本发明的其他优点、特征和细节由下文得知，其中，参考附图对一个实施例进行了详细描述。
附图说明
在唯一的附图1中简化示出根据本发明的液压混合驱动系。
具体实施方式
在附图中简化示出具有被驱动的轴3的液压混合驱动系1。被驱动的轴3设置具有两个被驱动的轮4，5，它们被差速器6驱动。差速器6实施为平衡传动机构，它能够平衡被驱动的轮4，5在弯道处的转速差并将驱动力矩均匀分配给被驱动的轮4，5。
液压混合驱动系1包括内燃机驱动装置10和液压驱动装置20。内燃机驱动装置10实施为内燃机并且也被称为内燃发动机。液压驱动装置20包括第一液压调节器21和第二液压调节器22。
这两个液压调节器21，22分别构造为液压机，它们既能作为液压泵运行也能作为液压马达运行。在此可以使两个液压调节器21，22例如都实施为液压轴向活塞机。
液压驱动装置20还包括阀装置24，它包括多个阀，此处没有详细示出。液压驱动装置20还包括液压蓄能器25，它实施作为高压存储器。液压驱动装置20还包括液压蓄能器26，它实施为低压存储器。
通过阀装置24和液压调节器21，22以及液压蓄能器25，26之间的单一直线表示，所述液压部件21到26相互之间液压连接。为了这个目的，与所示出的不同，需要多个液压管路和多个液压阀，但它们的结构和功能在原理上是公知的。因此对这些液压部件在此不单个地详述说明。
传动器30连接在内燃机驱动装置10和第一液压调节器21之间。通过双划线表示传动器30和第一液压调节器21之间的机械耦合31。通过另一个双划线表示传动器30和传动器装置35之间的机械耦合32。在传动器30和传动器装置35之间布置有离合器40。
传动器30实施为行星齿轮传动器。一个另外的没有详细标明的离合器有利地集成在行星齿轮传动器30中。传动器装置35涉及变速级。
通过另一个双划线表示第二液压调节器22和传动器装置35之间的机械耦合45。起动电机/发电机50通过机械耦合45与第二液压调节器22机械地耦合。机械耦合45能实施为变速级。
另一个离合器60布置在起动电机/发电机50和传动器装置35之间。起动电机50实施为发电机并且与(未示出的)电蓄能装置电连接，后者也被称为电池。
第一液压调节器21起到例如液压泵的功能，它通过传动器30由内燃机驱动装置10驱动。然后该第一液压调节器21将液压介质从低压存储器26泵送到高压存储器25。
第二液压调节器22能够在它的马达功能中被高压存储器25中的被加载以高压的液压介质液压驱动。第二液压调节器22的液压驱动功率通过传动器装置35和差速器6传递到被驱动的轮4，5上。
在液压混合驱动系1的反推工况中，轮4，5的制动能量可通过差速器6和传动器装置35传递到起动电机50上以及通过第二液压调节器22传递到高压存储器25上。所回收的制动能量因而既能以电方式储存，也能以液压方式储存。
起动电机/发电机50能够用电方式运行，以便起动内燃机驱动装置10。为此，由起动电机/发电机50提供的转矩在离合器40和60打开的情况下能通过液压驱动装置20和传动器30传递给内燃机驱动装置10。

Claims (10)

1.液压混合驱动系(1)，具有内燃机驱动装置(10)和液压驱动装置(20)以及具有用于内燃机驱动装置(10)的起动电机/发电机(50)，其特征在于，用于内燃机驱动装置(10)的所述起动电机/发电机(50)被配属给所述液压驱动装置(20)。
2.如权利要求1所述的液压混合驱动系，其特征在于，用于内燃机驱动装置(10)的所述起动电机(50)与所述液压驱动装置(20)机械耦合。
3.如权利要求2所述的液压混合驱动系，其特征在于，用于内燃机驱动装置(10)的所述起动电机(50)能够与所述内燃机驱动装置(10)液压耦合和/或与被驱动的轴(3)机械耦合。
4.液压混合驱动系，其特征在于，用于内燃机驱动装置(10)的起动电机/发电机(50)连接在液压驱动装置(20)和一离合器(60)之间，通过该离合器，液压驱动装置(20)能够与被驱动的轴(3)耦合。
5.如权利要求4所述的液压混合驱动系，其特征在于，一传动器装置(35)连接在所述离合器(60)和被驱动的轴(3)之间。
6.如权利要求5所述的液压混合驱动系，其特征在于，内燃机驱动装置(10)通过传动器(30)与液压驱动装置(20)和被驱动的轴(3)或者传动器装置(35)耦合。
7.如权利要求6所述的液压混合驱动系，其特征在于，在传动器(30)和被驱动的轴(3)或者传动器装置(35)之间连接有一个另外的离合器(40)。
8.如以上权利要求之一所述的液压混合驱动系，其特征在于，所述液压驱动装置(20)包括两个液压调节器(21，22)。
9.如权利要求8所述的液压混合驱动系，其特征在于，用于内燃机驱动装置(10)的起动电机/发电机(50)配属给第二液压调节器(22)，该第二液压调节器又配属给被驱动的轴(3)。
10.用于运行如上述权利要求所述之一的液压混合驱动系(1)的方法。
CN201380069095.6A 2012-11-20 2013-11-07 液压混合驱动系和用于运行液压混合驱动系的方法 Pending CN104903134A (zh)

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