CN104901431B - 通过整流器时移进行谐振调谐 - Google Patents

通过整流器时移进行谐振调谐 Download PDF

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CN104901431B
CN104901431B CN201510095572.7A CN201510095572A CN104901431B CN 104901431 B CN104901431 B CN 104901431B CN 201510095572 A CN201510095572 A CN 201510095572A CN 104901431 B CN104901431 B CN 104901431B
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wireless power
switch
input signal
power transmission
switching
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CN104901431A (zh
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约翰·斯图尔特·沃利
瑞安·迈克尔·德罗齐埃
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Avago Technologies International Sales Pte Ltd
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B5/00Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems
    • H04B5/70Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes
    • H04B5/79Near-field transmission systems, e.g. inductive or capacitive transmission systems specially adapted for specific purposes for data transfer in combination with power transfer
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14Inductive couplings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/80Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving the exchange of data, concerning supply or distribution of electric power, between transmitting devices and receiving devices
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/90Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power involving detection or optimisation of position, e.g. alignment
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
    • H02M7/02Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/04Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/12Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/21Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/217Conversion of ac power input into dc power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Rectifiers (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及通过整流器时移进行谐振调谐。一种设备,包括用于无线电力传输支持。该设备可以在整流器电路中控制开关设备的定时并且实施促进无线电力传输的谐振调谐技术,例如,通过有目的地引入所选择的真实或复阻抗以满足电流操作目标。作为示例,该设备可以使用结合电力的无线充电或无线供应的技术来运行该设备。

Description

通过整流器时移进行谐振调谐
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2014年3月4提交的临时申请序列号61/947,701的优先权,通过引用将其全部内容结合于本文中。
技术领域
本公开内容涉及电力(power)传输。本公开内容还涉及用于改善无线电力传输效率的电路调谐(tuning)。
背景技术
由巨大的消费者需求驱动了电子和通信技术方面的迅速发展,这导致大范围地采用许多种类的电子设备,诸如智能电话、平板电脑和音乐播放器。许多这类设备从诸如可再充电电池的有限能源获得电力。一个目标是对这些设备进行有效和高效的无线电力传输。
发明内容
根据本发明的一个方面,提供了一种电路,包括:无线电力信号输入端(wirelesspower signal input),用于提供无线电力输入信号;开关网络,耦接至所述无线电力信号输入端,所述开关网络包括被布置为对所述无线电力输入信号进行整流(rectify)以提供无线电力输出信号的开关;控制电路,与所述开关网络通信,所述控制电路被配置为:通过确定将实施的阻抗来对当前无线电力传输操作目标做出响应;经由所述开关网络将所述阻抗有目的地引入至所述无线电力输入信号;以及使所述开关对所述无线电力输入信号进行整流以产生所述无线电力输出信号。
该电路进一步包括:与所述控制电路通信的可变电压源,所述可变电压源能够操作为修改用于至少一个所述开关的开关定时(switching timing)。
其中,所述控制电路能够操作为通过使针对至少一个所述开关的接通状态、断开状态或两者的时间滞后(time skewing)来修改开关定时。
其中,所述当前无线电力操作目标是最大化电力传输、负载调节或效率。
该电路进一步包括:可变电压源;并且其中,所述控制电路包括:比较器,能够操作为将所述无线电力信号与所述可变电压源进行比较。
其中,所述比较器包括与至少一个所述开关通信的开关控制输出端(switchingcontrol output)。
其中,所述开关包括全波整流器。
其中,所述控制电路包括用于控制开关所述全波整流器中的特定开关的多个比较器。
该电路进一步包括:多个可变电压源,并且其中,所述比较器包括与所述可变电压源中的可变电压源个体通信的比较输入端个体(individual comparison inputs)。
其中,所述开关包括场效应晶体管(FET);以及所述控制电路包括差分放大器,所述差分放大器包括能够操作为控制所述FET的开关的开关控制输出端。
该电路进一步包括:多个独立可调谐的可变电压源,其将第一输入提供至所述差分放大器。
其中,所述控制电路接收所述无线电力信号作为至所述差分放大器的第二输入。
根据本发明的另一个方面,提供了一种方法,包括:确定当前无线电力传输操作目标;接收无线电力输入信号;利用开关网络对所述无线电力输入信号进行整流以提供无线电力输出信号;将所述无线电力输入信号提供至与所述开关网络通信的控制电路;以及通过以下步骤控制所述开关网络:响应于所述操作目标确定用于所述开关网络的期望定时;响应于所述期望定时生成比较电压;以及响应于所述无线电力输入信号与所述比较电压的比较来改变所述开关网络的开关定时。
其中,改变开关定时包括:改变何时使开关控制信号对所述开关网络有效(asserted,断言),改变何时使开关控制信号对所述开关网络解除有效(de-asserted,解除断言),或者这两者。
其中,整流包括全波整流。
其中,改变开关定时包括:单个地(individually)改变所述开关网络中的不同开关的开关定时。
根据本发明的又一个方面,提供了一种电路,包括:无线电力信号输入端,用于提供无线电力输入信号;开关晶体管,耦接至所述无线电力信号输入端并且被布置为全波整流器,所述全波整流器能够操作为将所述无线电力输入信号整流为无线电力输出信号;电力输出端(power output),耦接至所述全波整流器并且被配置为提供所述无线电力输出信号;比较器网络,包括比较器个体(individual comparators),所述比较器个体能够操作为选择性地接通和断开所述开关晶体管;以及可变电压源,被配置为响应于无线电力传输操作目标将可调谐电压提供给所述比较器个体,所述比较器个体对所述可调谐电压和所述无线电力输入信号做出响应以修改所述开关晶体管的开关定时。
其中,所述无线电力传输操作目标包括从所述无线电力输入信号至所述无线电力输出信号的最大电力传输。
其中,所述无线电力传输操作目标包括针对所述无线电力输出信号的负载调节目标。
其中,所述无线电力传输操作目标包括效率目标。
附图说明
图1示出了可以包括用于获得无线电力的可调谐整流器电路的设备的示例。
图2是用于获得无线电力的可调谐整流器电路的示例。
图3示出了示例开关波形。
图4示出了示例可调谐整流器电路。
图5示出了设备可以实施用于提供操作的获取模式和操作模式的示例逻辑。
图6示出了设备可以被实施为控制可调谐整流器电路中的开关定时的示例逻辑。
具体实施方式
图1示出了用户设备100(“UE 100”)的示例。在这个示例中,UE 100为智能电话,但是UE可以是任何电子设备。下面描述的关于谐振调谐(resonant tuning)的技术可以实施在各种不同类型的设备中。因此,下面描述的智能电话示例仅提供用于解释谐振调谐技术的一种示例背景(context),例如结合对UE 100进行无线电力传输(WPT)。
WPT得益于在发射器与接收器之间实现高品质(high Quality)(Q)匹配的谐振调谐技术,以获得高效率和良好的范围。即使假设对宽的部件容差、由个人可以持有具有WPT性能的设备的方式导致的效果以及可以动态地影响调谐的其他效果的调谐敏感性,谐振调谐技术有助于获得并且维持高Q值。谐振调谐技术改变了接收WPT信号输入的整流器的操作性能。该技术以有悖常理的方式改变操作性能,诸如通过以除了严格的零电压开关(zerovoltage switching)之外的方式来操作整流器。
通过调整整流器的开关定时,谐振调谐技术可以有目的地引入如通过无线电力接收器所预见的复阻抗(complex impedance),以帮助实现特定操作目标。操作目标的示例包括改善a)效率;b)用于b)的最大化电力传输的调谐,例如,通过使整流器输出最大化;以及c)最大化负载调节,例如,通过负载的范围保持整流器输出平坦性。可以根据当前所追求的操作目标来改变所引入的阻抗,并且其可以在设备操作期间的任意时间进行改变。除了以上陈述的那些之外,谐振调谐技术还可以促进实现其他操作目标。
控制器可以在任意时间对复阻抗进行重新调谐(retune)。例如,控制器可以在设备操作期间以任何期望的间隔、或以任何规则或不规则调度对复阻抗进行重新调谐。因此,例如,当负载改变时,控制器可以测量负载并且对复阻抗重新调谐以继续朝向当前调谐目标前进。
返回至图1,作为一个示例,UE可以是能够拨打和接听无线电话呼叫并且利用802.11a/b/g/n/ac/ad(“WiFi”)、蓝牙(BT)、近场通信(NFC)或任何其他类型的无线技术来发射并且接收数据的2G、3G、或4G/LTE蜂窝电话。除了拨打和接听电话呼叫之外,UE 100可以是运行任意数量或类型的应用程序的智能电话。然而,UE实际上可以是消耗电能的任意设备,包括作为另外的示例的车辆中的驾驶辅助模块、紧急应答器、寻呼机、手表、卫星电视接收器、立体声系统接收器、计算机系统、音乐播放器、笔记本电脑或平板电脑、家用电器或实际上的任何其他设备。
UE 100可以从多个不同的源汲取电能。作为一个示例,UE 100可以从电池101汲取电能。电能的其他来源包括无线电力传输(WPT)电源。在这方面,下面进一步描述的是用于从无线信号收获电力的技术。
继续图1中的示例,UE 100与诸如增强节点B(eNB)或其他基站的网络控制器150进行通信。网络控制器150与UE 100建立诸如控制信道152和数据信道154的通信信道并且交换数据。UE 100还可以暴露于无线信号的许多其他来源,例如从无线充电板(wirelesscharging pad)156,并且可以结合以下描述的WPT和谐振调谐技术收获无线信号。
在图1的示例中,UE 100支持一个或多个用户标识模块(Subscriber IdentityModule)(SIM),诸如SIM1102和SIM2104。例如,电子和物理接口106和108通过系统总线110将SIM1102和SIM2104连接至其余的用户设备硬件。
UE 100包括通信接口112、系统逻辑114和用户界面118。系统逻辑114可以包括硬件、软件、固件或者其它逻辑的任何组合。例如,可以利用一个或多个片上系统(SoC)、专用集成电路(ASIC)、分立(discrete)模拟和数字电路以及其他线路来实施系统逻辑114。系统逻辑114是UE100中任何期望功能的实施方式的一部分。
在这方面,系统逻辑114可以在接收来自无线电力接收器158的无线电力输入信号的可调谐整流器160上进行控制。无线充电板156或其他电源可以生成无线电力输入信号。可调谐整流器160的输出是无线电力输出信号162(Vrect)。
特别地,系统逻辑114可以调整用于开关的接通和断开的开关定时,诸如在可调谐整流器160中的同步整流器场效应晶体管(FET)。在一个实施方式中,系统逻辑114可以通过可调谐整流器160中的开关控制电路来控制可变电压源,以调整它们的电压输出的振幅来用于比较。开关控制电路可以包括运算放大器、比较器或其他类型的差分放大器,并且响应于由可变电压源所提供的振幅而使开关定时变化。
与所接收到的无线电力输入信号相比,开关控制电路对针对可变电压源所设定的振幅做出响应。例如,开关控制电路通过断言和解除断言至一个或多个FET的是该一个或多个FET接通和断开的栅极控制信号,而响应性地接通和断开该开关。作为示例,调谐可以促进实现较高的效率或更大的Vrect输出。
作为示例,系统逻辑114可以进一步促进解码以及播放音乐和视频,例如,MP3、MP4、MPEG、AVI、FLAC、AC3或WAV解码和回放;运行应用程序;接受用户输入;保存和检索应用数据;建立、维持以及终止用于作为一个示例的因特网的蜂窝电话呼叫或数据连接;建立、维持以及终止无线网络连接、蓝牙连接或其他连接;以及在用户界面118上显示相关信息。用户界面118和输入128可以包括图形用户界面(GUI)、触摸感应显示器、语音或面部识别输入、按钮、开关、扬声器和其它用户界面元件。输入128的额外的示例包括麦克风、视频和静止图像照相机、温度传感器、振动传感器、旋转和方位传感器、耳机和麦克风输入/输出插孔、通用串行总线(USB)连接器、存储卡凹槽、辐射传感器(例如,IR传感器)以及输入的其他类型。
系统逻辑114可以包括一个或多个处理器116和存储器120。存储器120例如存储控制指令122,处理器116执行该控制指令以实现所期望的用于UE 100的功能,诸如在可调谐整流器160内调整可变电压源的振幅以改变开关定时。控制参数124提供并且指定针对控制指令122的配置和操作选择。例如,控制参数124可以指定针对以下描述的谐振调谐技术的可用的可编程振幅设定。存储器120还可以存储UE 100通过通信接口112将发送或已接收的任何BT、WiFi、3G或其他数据126。UE 100可以包括电力管理单元集成电路(PMUIC)134。例如,在类似智能电话的复杂设备中,PMUIC 134可以响应用于生成例如用于UE 100中的电路的三十个(30)不同的电源轨(power supply rail)136。
存储器120还可以存储标称调谐参数(nominal tuning parameter)166。标称调谐参数166可以针对UE 100的任何预定的操作情况来指定针对可调谐整流器160的开关定时。例如,在UE 100的正常操作期间、在UE 100的高电力消耗或低电力消耗(或如通过将当前电力消耗与一个或多个电力阈值进行比较所确定的任何其他电力消耗模式)期间、或在任意其他预定的操作情况期间,可以将开关定时应用于UE 100的启动。在一些实施方式中,例如,可以在工厂校准过程期间确定标称调谐参数166,该标称调谐参数166可以被存储在一次性可编程(OTP)存储器中。为了有目的地引入促进满足例如最大电力传输、最大效率或改善的负载调节的当前操作目标的复阻抗,标称调谐参数166可以引导系统逻辑144而使可调谐整流器160距零电压开关的开关定时提前或延迟。
在通信接口112中,射频(RF)发射(Tx)与接收(Rx)电路130通过一个或多个天线132处理信号的发射和接收。通信接口112可以包括一个或多个收发器。收发器可以是无线收发器,该无线收发器包括调制/解调电路、数模转换器(DAC)、修整表(shaping table)、模数转换器(ADC)、滤波器、波形整形器、滤波器、预置放大器、功率放大器和/或用于通过一个或多个天线或(针对一些设备)通过物理(例如,有线)介质发射并且接收的其他逻辑。
作为仅在多个可能的实施方式示例中的一个,通过BCM28150HSPA+片上系统(SoC)基带智能电话处理器或BCM25331Athena(TM)基带处理器控制的UE 100可以包括(例如,针对通信接口112、系统逻辑114和其他电路)BCM59351充电电路、BCM2091EDGE/HSPA多模式、多频带蜂窝收发器和BCM59056先进的电力管理单元(PMU)。如下面描述的可以扩展这些设备或其他类似系统解决方案以提供以下描述的额外功能。这些集成电路以及UE 100的其它硬件和软件实施选择可从洛杉矶尔湾的博通公司获得。
图2是用于收获具有增加效率的无线电力的可调谐整流器电路200(“整流器电路200”)。仅作为一个示例,整流器电路200可以收获针对无线电力(A4WP)电力传输的6.78MHz联合(Alliance)。整流器电路200促进在设备(诸如用于电池101的电池充电电路164)中接收已传输的能量并且将其(例如,作为整流后的直流(DC)电压Vrect)传递至随后的能量消耗级方面的效率提高。
无线电力传输在多个级上经历效率损耗,例如,从将电源转换为射频(RF)无线电力信号发射、接收无线电力信号的RF通量(flux)、以及在接收设备中将RF通量转换为有用的DC电压。无线电力接收器158采用通过将电感202以及电容204和206与发射器系统进行匹配所实现的磁谐振以获得高Q值接收器,该高Q值接收器完全响应于无线电力信号的基础频率(例如,6.78MHz)。
在这方面,电感202可以是接收无线电力信号的通量的线圈。例如,电感202可以是在印刷电路板上一匝或多匝的导体或其他类型的天线。电感202产生交流电(AC)电流,并且相对于电感202对电容器204和206进行调谐以实现导致基本上响应于无线电力信号的谐振。无线电力接收器158将AC电流提供给整流器电路200。在图2中表示为AC电流信号AC正(AC Positive)(ACP)/AC负(AC Negative)(ACN)。
整流器电路200将AC电流变为DC电压Vrect。Vrect可以提供用于任意后续处理电路的能量。在一个实施方式中,整流器电路200被集成至集成电路芯片中,但是在其他实施方式中可以使用分立的部件。整流器电路200包括承载无线电力输入信号(例如,ACP/ACN)的无线电力信号输入端208。开关网络210连接至无线电力信号输入端208。开关网络210包括开关(例如,开关212、214、216和218),该开关被布置为对无线电力输入信号进行整流以提供无线电力输出信号。开关212至218可以是金属氧化物半导体FET(MOSFET)、或其他类型的晶体管或其他类型的开关。
图2示出了FET的体二极管(body diode)。体二极管可以具有相对较差的导电性,这样使得即使在体二极管变为导电之后接通FET,而体二极管不能显著地影响整流器电路200的阻抗调谐。在其他实施方式中,可以使用没有体二极管的开关。例如,包括共源共栅(cascode)连接的晶体管的FET开关结构可以实施该开关。
控制电路220与开关网络210通信。控制电路220控制开关212至218的接通和断开状态,以使用开关控制输出238、240、242和244对无线电力输入信号进行整流。例如,生成作为无线电力输入信号的全波整流版本的无线电力输出信号162(Vrect)。
还应注意的是,存在可变电压源222、224、226和228。可变电压源222至228将可变电压输出提供至控制电路220。在一些实施方式中,类似于在图2中示出的实施方式,控制电路220是比较器网络,并且可变电压源222至228将可变电压输出提供至比较器230、232、234和236(或另一类型的差分放大器、运算放大器或其他比较电路)。比较器230至236接收AC电流信号ACP/ACN并且将其与还连接到那个比较器的特定可变电压源的输出进行比较。如以下将说明的,通过修改用于比较器230至236的比较阈值,可变电压源222至228修改用于一个或多个开关212至218的开关定时。在其他实施方式中,例如,当未实施所有可变电压源的调谐时,一个或多个固定的电压源可以替代一个或多个可变电压源。
图3示出了示例开关波形300。控制电路220控制开关212至218的接通/断开定时。在一个实施方式中,控制电路220有目的地使整流器操作偏离远离零伏特开关。
开关波形302示出了接通阈值304,标记为Von。当ACP朝向Vrect上升并且经过接通阈值304时,控制电路220可以使214和218闭合以使ACP朝输出Vrect提供能量。当ACP下落通过断开阈值306(Voff)(并且ACN上升)时,控制电路220可以使212和216闭合以使ACP朝输出Vrect提供能量。
控制电路220可以接通和断开作为一对的开关214和218,并且接通和断开作为一对的开关212和216。这样做将整流器电路200操作为全波整流器。接通和断开作为一对的开关可以包括在基本上相同的时间接通和断开开关、或与通过可变电压源提供的基本上相同的参考电压进行比较。即V1和V4、以及V2和V3可被设定为接近于相同的参考电压。在其他实施方式中,然而,可以单独设定一些或所有的可变电压源222至228,并且从而可以由于在比较器230至236上设定的不同比较阈值而以独立的次数接通和断开开关212至218。对接通和断开定时的调整导致开关212至218的接通和断开状态的滞后。
整流器电路200可以在一个或多个电压调谐范围上实施一些或所有的可变电压源的调谐能力。开关波形307示出了在Von-a与Von-b之间变动(range)的断开调谐阈值308。开关波形307还示出了在Voff-a和Voff-b之间变动的断开调谐阈值310。
可以以多种不同的方式建立用于可变电压源222至228中的任一个的调谐阈值。图3示出了若干示例。例如,可以通过具有控制逻辑开关在从多个单独可获得的预设电压中选择的电压来设定调谐阈值。仅作为一个示例,响应于电压选择输入,模拟多路复用器312可以执行开关。作为另一个示例,控制逻辑可以将数字控制位(作为电压选择输入)提供至数模转换器(DAC)314。然后,如通过控制逻辑所选择的,DAC 314然后可以生成多个不同的电压。作为又一示例,控制逻辑可以使用电压选择输入调整可编程的电流源316以增加或降低流动通过参考电阻器318的电流。在电流方面的增加或降低导致在提供给控制电路220的可变电压方面的变化。
在一些实施方式中,比较器230至236的输出还可以影响、控制或选择通过特定可变电压源222至228所提供的电压。作为特定的示例,当比较器232的输出变高时,可变电压源224然后应当改变至Voff。在这方面,比较器232的输出可以提供选择输入(例如,至多路复用器312中)以选择用于可变电压源224的合适输出。然后,来自比较器232的高输出可以选择用于可变电压源224的Voff输出。类似地,当ACP下落通过Voff并且比较器232的输出变低时,低输出会使多路复用器312再次提供Von作为可变电压源224的输出。然而,在其他实施方式中,系统逻辑114可以控制可变电压源以选择作为可变电压源222至228的输出的Von和Voff(并且对其进行调整)。
接通和断开阈值可以处于围绕Vrect的加/减50mV至加/减100mV的范围中,即,围绕Vrect的100mV至200mV的范围。例如,系统逻辑114可以实现对5mV的接通和断开阈值的调整递增。其他系统可以实施其他范围和其他递增。
系统逻辑114可以分析AC电流信号ACP/ACN并且决定何时接通和断开开关212至218。更具体地,系统逻辑114可以确定如何设定用于有效电力传输或其他最优化目标的可变电压源222至228。
在一个实施方式中,为了向无线电力接收器158尽可能地呈现接近于纯电阻负载,系统逻辑114对可变电压源222至228进行调谐。在这方面,系统逻辑114可以测量并且试图降低存在于AC电流信号ACP/ACN与ACP/ACN电压之间的任何相位移动。当在电流与电压之间的相位移动增加时,通过Vrect传递较少的实际电力。因此,系统逻辑114可以对可变电压源222至228的电压输出进行调谐以改变开关212至218的接通/断开定时,以调整将AC电流信号ACP/ACN传输至Vrect输出的定时。为了使通过Vrect传递的实际电力最大化,定时调整试图降低电流与电压之间的相位关系。例如,可以以纳秒至微秒数量级的时间量度进行定时调整,但是还可以进行更精细和更粗略的定时调谐。可替代地,系统可以测量接收到的电力(Prx),并且将所接收到的电力与发射的电力(Ptx)进行比较。然后,(作为一种可能操作的目标)为了最大化Prx/Ptx量级,系统例如可以通过调整开关定时并且测量在Prx上的合成效果来进行搜索。作为一个示例,系统可以接收在控制逻辑114与充电板156之间的通信接口(例如,蓝牙接口)上接收指定Ptx的消息。
切换至接通后(例如,在ACP超过Vrect之后)允许ACP快速上升。当开关接通时,ACP通过开关缩小至Vrect。另一方面,切换前(例如,在ACP达到Vrect之前),将较高的电压Vrect连接至ACP,并且趋于减缓ACP的上升。因此,系统逻辑114可以调整何时接通和断开开关212至218,这影响ACP相对于实际上流动至Vrect的电流有多快地上升。这样,为了通过保持电流与电压同相增加效率,系统逻辑114改变电流与电压的相位关系。
作为示例,系统逻辑114可以实施开环控制、闭环控制或两者的组合。例如,系统逻辑114可以利用开环控制监控负载来确定改变开关定时多少,并且实施这种改变。例如,利用闭环控制,系统逻辑114可以围绕帮助实施电流操作目标的复阻抗抖动(dither),例如,针对调谐整流器电路200的最大电力传输,使得Vrect最大化。从而闭环控制可以追踪至最满足操作目标的复阻抗。
如上所述,通过调整整流器电路200的开关定时,系统逻辑114(或其他控制电路)可以有目的地引入如由无线电力接收器所预见的复阻抗,以帮助实施特定操作目标。示例性操作目标包括改善:a)效率;b)用于最大化电力传输的调谐,例如,通过使整流器输出Vrect最大化;以及c)最大化负载调节,例如,通过负载的范围保持整流器输出的平坦性。例如,系统逻辑114可以通过由改变开关定时引入相位移动而促进最大电力传输,从而当所接收到的负载电力改变时,补偿阻抗变化。通过最大化电力传输还改善了效率。应注意,虽然电流和电压的直接测量是一种选择,例如,通过由开关感测电流或通过感测与ACP和ACN串联的电阻器;但是另一个选择(如上所述)是使接收器测量对于负载的实际电力,并且使电力发射器与发射的实际电力通信。
图2提供了可调谐整流器的一个示例实施方式,使用比较器影响整流器电路200中开关的开关定时。然而,注意在实施方式中可以大幅改变可调谐整流器。图4示出了可调谐整流器400的更通常的示例,其中无线电力接收器402提供无线电力输入信号ACP/ACN。整流器电路404接收无线电力输入信号并且执行整流以获得无线电力输出信号Vrect。
整流器控制电路406引导整流器电路404的操作。整流器控制电路406有目的地引入在整流器电路404上选择的复阻抗以帮助实现当前选择的操作目标408。整流器控制电路406可以这样做的一种方法是将开关延迟引入至整流器电路404中的开关。
作为示例,整流器电路404可以是(例如,如在图2中的)全波整流器电路或半波整流器电路。例如,可以利用对例如可变电压源做出响应的一对可配置的开关定时来实施半波整流器电路。仅作为用于可调谐整流器的很少的其他实施方式示例,开关可以是FET、二极管或其他开关;整流器电路200可以是全波或半波整流器;在ACP/ACN的上升沿、ACP/ACN的下降沿或两者上的开关定时可以是可调整的;并且例如,可以通过提供至比较器的可变电压源、通过可调节模拟延迟线、通过对开关的数字延迟的开关信号可以实施开关延迟。
关于开关信号的数字延迟,在一个实施方式中,锁相环(PLL)410或其他定时电路将ACP/ACN的基础频率上变频至锁定至基础频率的更快的时钟信号频率。例如,PLL 410可以从6.78MHz时钟412上变频至600MHz时钟414。然后,就更快的时钟信号的周期而言,可以使至任何开关的开关信号416延迟以提供在开关定时上任何所期望的程度的控制间隔。
例如,系统逻辑114可以设定阈值电压418(Vth)低于Vrect、并且例如低于任何期望的开关点。比较器420将ACP与Vth进行比较。当ACP处于Vth以下时,比较器420将计数器422重置。当ACP上升至Vth以上时,计数器422基于600MHz时钟414开始计数。当计数器422达到可编程的计数值的末端时,计数器422对开关控制信号416断言并且开关接通。这样,在ACP上升至Vth以上之后,可编程的延迟时间422(Tdelay)可以被实施为将开关接通时间设定为任意选定的时间。
图5示出了设备可以实施提供操作的获取模式和操作模式的示例逻辑500。在操作的获取模式中,系统逻辑114可以确定获取操作目标(502),作为示例,使电力传输最大化或至预先确定的阈值量以上的Vrect的电力传输。在获取模式中,例如,系统逻辑114可以针对整流器电路200中的任何特定开关或开关的组合例如在预定义的延迟递增时,搜寻(sweep)例如在预定义的延迟范围上的开关延迟(504)。在目前实施的开关延迟的各个设定中,系统逻辑114可以测量用于给定时长的电路参数(506),例如,特定数量的时钟周期、或特定的持续时间。电路参数的示例包括ACP/ACN的电流和电压相位、Vrect的振幅、由开关电路呈现的复阻抗以及关于电流操作目标的其他参数。从而系统逻辑114锁定帮助实现如通过测量的电路参数所获知的电流操作目标的开关延迟(508)。例如,用于最大化电力传输,搜寻可以在测量时间段上的Vrect平均值最大处找到针对每个开关的开关延迟。例如,可以在存储器120中存储实现获取操作目标的开关延迟,用作后续的启动点或用于任何其他未来的用途(510)。
在获取模式之后,系统逻辑114可以转换至与获取模式具有相同或不同操作目标的操作模式(512)。可以在任何时间改变该电流操作目标。在操作模式中,在整流器电路200的操作期间,系统逻辑114可以围绕电流操作点探测(例如,通过围绕提前设定的开关延迟抖动)(514)。例如,当负载改变时,探测可以促进对帮助实现电流操作目标的开关延迟的追踪(516)。例如,针对未来参考可以在存储器120中存储帮助实现任何具体操作目标的开关延迟(518)。可以是在设备中建立为参考开关延迟的开关延迟的库以设施任何特定操作目标。
在一个实施方式中,探测可以在一极值(extreme)(例如,最短开关延迟)处利用开关延迟开始。然后,探测可以增加延迟并且针对电流操作目标(例如,最大电力传输)的结果曲线向上前进,直至该组的参数达到结果开始下落的地方。该组的参数可以变为电流操作点。然后,例如,探测可以在负载或其他变化面前围绕电流操作点搜索以促进朝向电流操作目标的追踪。
如上所述,在一些实施方式中,当UE 100处于预定操作模式,例如开始上升、下降或另一个预定状态时,系统逻辑可以将开关延迟设置为延迟的启动设定。可以从存储器120中的标称调谐参数166、或从另一源(例如,在类似通信上的PTU,诸如蓝牙链路)获得延迟的启动设定。通常,在标称操作之前,电力消耗较低,并且经由Vrect提供期望量的电力传输的开关延迟本质上是宽带,由于延迟的大幅的范围将获得所期望的电力传输。因此,UE 100可以在上升期间接收足够的电力以提供用于后续系统操作的电力,并且执行追踪以帮助满足电流操作目标,例如,最大电力传输。
当电力消耗增加时,负载增加,并且在无线电力接收器158中的电感202上的负载增加。负载的阻抗将在电力传输和效率上具有显著的效果。因此,并且如上所述,为了继续追踪电流期望的操作目标,系统逻辑114可以在UE 100的操作期间测量电路参数并且动态地对开关延迟进行调谐。
图6示出了设备可以在可调谐整流器电路中实施控制开关定时的逻辑600的一个示例。应注意,作为电力接收单元(PRU)的UE 100可以建立对电力发射单元(PTU)的控制信道,例如,控制无线充电板156的系统(602)。例如,控制信道可以采取在PRU与PTU之间的BT信道上进行发送的通信的形式。PTU可以将指示PTU发射多大的电力(例如,5W)的电力发射消息发送给PRU。PRU接收该电力发射消息(604)。
因此,PRU读取标称调谐参数166并且设定开关定时。例如,PRU可以控制可变电压源222至228的输出以选择或设定Von和Voff的初始值(606)。从而,PRU配置可调谐整流器以生成无线电力输出信号Vrect(608)。例如,无线电力输入信号ACP/ACN的全波整流可以产生Vrect。
PRU可以测量电路参数,例如,通过对电流和电压进行测量来确定在ACP/ACN电流与电压之间的相位关系、测量Vrect以及确定PRU接收多大的电力(610)。然后,PRU可以确定是否对开关定时进行调谐以试图实现操作目标,诸如使电力传输的量最大化(612)。例如,如果所接收到的电力的量小于发射的电力的量的阈值量(例如,小于50%),然后PRU可以进行开关定时调谐以试图增加所接收到的电力的量。
在这方面,PRU可以确定针对开关212至218的一个或多个定时改变,例如,单独地或成对地整流(例如,212和216;以及214和218)(614)。例如,因为改变是所期望的用于通过降低相位偏移以最大化电力传输来帮助满足操作目标,故定时改变可以对电路参数做出响应并且测量电路参数,诸如在电压与电流之间所测量的相位差,并且可以选择定时变化。如果PRU将进行调整,则PRU确定怎样实现定时改变,例如通过设定针对可变电压源222至228的一个或多个新的输出电压(616),并且然后实施定时改变(618)。例如,为了使开关214更早地接通,PRU可以降低用于可变电压源224的Von电压。即,PRU设定输出电压以使开关212至218的接通/断开定时滞后。
在其他实施方式中,作为示例,PRU可以与PTU通信电力接收消息,该电力接收消息包括所测量的电路参数,作为示例;PRU当前接收多大的电力;电压的测量结果;电流的测量结果;以及相位差的测量结果(620)。然后,PTU可以确定对开关定时进行调整,并且将定时控制消息发送至指示PRU应当进行定时调整的PRU(622)。作为示例,定时调整可以采取针对一个或多个开关的定时偏移的形式、或如对其设定可变电压源222至228的电压输出。
在一些实施方式中,系统逻辑114可以有目的的引入对用于发信号目的的整流器电路200的复阻抗的变化。更具体地,接收器线圈(例如,电感202)可以通过有目的地改变整流器电路200的开关定时以引入如通过接收器线圈所预见的特定负载,来将消息通信至发射器。因此,系统逻辑114可以执行发信号而不用在额外的部件中或外进行物理地开关,相反通过改变开关定时来改变负载。
可以以多种方式在硬件、软件或者硬件和软件两者的多种组合中实施上述方法、设备和逻辑。例如,所有或部分系统可以包括电路,诸如控制器、微处理器或专用集成电路(ASIC)、分立逻辑或其他部件,包括模拟电路、数字电路或两者。电路可以在单个集成电路上结合、或在多个集成电路之间分配、或以多个芯片模块实现。电路可以包括处理器和由处理器、控制器、或其他处理设备实行的指令。指令可以存储在除易失性信号之外的介质中,诸如闪速存储器、随机存取存储器(RAM)、或只读存储器(ROM)、可擦除的可编程只读存储器(EPROM)的非易失性机器可读或计算机可读介质、或诸如光盘只读存储器(CDROM)、或磁盘或光盘的其他机器可读介质。因此,诸如计算机程序产品的产品可以包括存储介质以及在该介质上存储的计算机可读指令,当在设备中实行计算机可读指令时,引起设备根据任何上面的说明执行操作。
处理能力可以分配在多个系统部件之间,诸如在多个电路模块之间,诸如多个处理器和存储器。参数、数据库及其他数据结构可以单独存储并管理,可以结合到单个存储器或数据库里,可以逻辑地以及物理地以许多不同的方式组织,并且可以通过许多途径实现,包括例如链接表、散列表或者隐式存储器机制的数据结构。由处理器实行的指令可以是单个程序、单独程序的部分(例如子例程),分配在几个存储器以及处理器中,或者以许多不同的方式实现,例如在例如共享图书馆的图书馆中(例如,动态链接库(DLL))。例如,DLL可以存储执行上面描述的任何系统处理的代码。
已经具体地描述了各种实施方式。然而,还可以存在许多其它的实施方式。

Claims (15)

1.一种电路,包括:
无线电力信号输入端,用于提供无线电力输入信号;
开关网络,耦接至所述无线电力信号输入端,所述开关网络包括被布置为对所述无线电力输入信号进行整流以提供无线电力输出信号的开关;
控制电路,与所述开关网络通信,所述控制电路被配置为:
通过以下操作来对当前无线电力传输操作目标做出响应:
针对所述开关网络在多个开关延迟的范围内执行搜寻;
从所述多个开关延迟中确定满足所述当前无线电力传输操作目标的第一开关延迟,所述第一开关延迟提供阻抗以引入所述开关网络;
使用所述无线电力输入信号将所述阻抗有目的地引入至所述开关网络;以及
使所述开关对所述无线电力输入信号进行整流以产生所述无线电力输出信号。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电路,其进一步包括:
可变电压源,其与所述控制电路通信,所述可变电压源可操作以修改所述开关中的至少一者的开关定时。
3.根据权利要求1所述的电路,其中,所述控制电路能够操作为通过使至少一个所述开关的接通状态、断开状态或者两者的时间滞后来修改开关定时。
4.根据权利要求1所述的电路,其中,所述当前无线电力传输操作目标是最大化电力传输、负载调节、或效率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的电路,进一步包括:
可变电压源;并且其中,所述控制电路包括:
比较器,能够操作为将所述无线电力输入信号与所述可变电压源进行比较。
6.根据权利要求5所述的电路,其中所述比较器包括与所述开关中的至少一者通信的开关控制输出端。
7.根据权利要求1所述的电路,其中,
所述开关包括全波整流器。
8.根据权利要求7所述的电路,其中,
所述控制电路包括多个比较器,所述多个比较器控制开关所述全波整流器中的特定开关。
9.根据权利要求8所述的电路,其进一步包括:
多个可变电压源;且其中所述比较器包括与所述可变电压源中的可变电压源个体通信的比较输入端个体。
10.根据权利要求1所述的电路,其中,
所述开关包括场效应晶体管;以及
所述控制电路包括差分放大器,所述差分放大器包括能够操作为控制开关所述场效应晶体管的开关控制输出端。
11.根据权利要求10所述的电路,其进一步包括:
多个独立可调谐的可变电压源,其将第一输入提供至所述差分放大器。
12.根据权利要求11所述的电路,其进一步包括:
所述控制电路接收所述无线电力输入信号作为至所述差分放大器的第二输入。
13.一种用于电力传输的方法,包括:
确定当前无线电力传输操作目标;
接收无线电力输入信号;
利用开关网络对所述无线电力输入信号进行整流以提供无线电力输出信号;
将所述无线电力输入信号提供至与所述开关网络通信的控制电路;以及
响应于所述当前无线电力传输操作目标通过以下步骤控制所述开关网络:
针对所述开关网络在多个开关延迟的范围内执行搜寻;
从所述多个开关延迟中确定满足所述当前无线电力传输操作目标的第一开关延迟,所述第一开关延迟响应于所述当前无线电力传输操作目标而提供阻抗以引入所述开关网络;
使用所述无线电力输入信号将所述阻抗引入至所述开关网络;
响应于所述第一开关延迟生成比较电压;以及
响应于所述无线电力输入信号与所述比较电压的比较来改变所述开关网络的开关定时。
14.根据权利要求13所述的用于电力传输的方法,其中,改变开关定时包括:
单个地改变所述开关网络中的不同开关的开关定时。
15.一种电路,包括:
无线电力信号输入端,用于提供无线电力输入信号;
开关晶体管,耦接至所述无线电力信号输入端并且被布置为全波整流器,所述全波整流器能够操作为将所述无线电力输入信号整流为无线电力输出信号;
电力输出端,耦接至所述全波整流器并且被配置为提供所述无线电力输出信号;
比较器网络,包括比较器个体,所述比较器个体能够操作为选择性地接通和断开所述开关晶体管;
控制器网络,被配置为响应于当前无线电力传输操作目标而针对所述开关晶体管在多个开关延迟的范围内执行搜寻、从所述多个开关延迟中确定满足所述当前无线电力传输操作目标的第一开关延迟,所述第一开关延迟使用所述无线电力输入信号提供阻抗以引入所述全波整流器;以及
可变电压源,被配置为响应于所述当前无线电力传输操作目标将可调谐电压提供给所述比较器个体,所述比较器个体对所述可调谐电压和所述无线电力输入信号做出响应以修改所述开关晶体管的开关定时。
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