CN104897564B - A kind of measurement mechanism and method customizing thermoforming steel friction factor under condition - Google Patents
A kind of measurement mechanism and method customizing thermoforming steel friction factor under condition Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of designed by the present invention customizes measurement mechanism and the method for thermoforming steel friction factor under condition, and this device comprises reheat furnace system, power monitoring system, temperature monitoring system, flow quantity detecting system, temperature control system and mechanism system.The method comprises the measurement of thermoforming steel friction factor under blank temperature consecutive variations condition, the measurement of thermoforming steel friction factor under different mold temperature, under different cooling rate, thermoforming steel friction factor is measured and the measurement of high-strength friction factor under different initial structure condition.Along with the progressively application of high-strength steel thermoformed parts of customization mechanical property, traditional mensuration blank temperature, mold temperature, cooldown rate and the homogeneous thermoforming steel friction factor of initial structure can not practical requirement.The present invention proposes a kind of measuring method and the device that customize thermoforming steel friction factor under condition based on this point just.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to tribological field, refer to a kind of measuring method and the device that customize thermoforming steel friction factor under condition particularly
Technical background
In recent years, day by day improve along with to the requirement of automotive light weight technology, energy-saving and emission-reduction and security, ultra-high strength steel is more and more used to the important feature part of car body and the manufacture of safe parts, as A post, B post, collision prevention girders etc.Intensity after high-strength steel sheet cold stamping is shaped can reach 800-1000MPa, traditional cold stamping method be difficult to solve ultrahigh-strength steel plates run in body of a motor car manufacture needed for shaping load large, after being shaped, the resilience of part is difficult to control, and causes the problem such as accessory size and shape stability variation.In the forming technique process pursuing low plastic force, superhigh intensity, low-alloy high-strength steel hot forming techniques obtains application.
The applying in automobile engineering along with high-strength steel and hot press-formed technology, people recognize gradually, except improving automobile structure intensity, parts mechanical property is same with the problem that vehicle body security requirement matches to merit attention, namely in fact the zones of different of Same Part has different mechanical property demands, obtain part customization mechanical property generally just like under type: blank initial temperature customizes, and mold temperature customizes, and cooldown rate customizes.
Friction is vital in heat forming processes, affects the final mass of part, simultaneously also directly related with the surface abrasion of mould with part.In heat forming processes, it is an important problem in science that the friction factor of thermoforming steel is measured always, also result in the research of lot of domestic and foreign scholar, but but rarely has for the thermoforming friction factor measuring method under customization condition or device and mention.Along with the progressively application of high-strength steel thermoformed parts of customization mechanical property, traditional mensuration blank temperature, mold temperature, cooldown rate and the homogeneous thermoforming steel friction factor of initial structure can not practical requirement.The present invention proposes a kind of measuring method and the device that customize thermoforming steel friction factor under condition based on this point just.
Summary of the invention
Object of the present invention is exactly to provide a kind of method and the device thereof of measuring thermoforming steel friction factor under customization condition, these apparatus and method can make us obtain the thermoforming steel friction factor under customization condition, for actual production and parameters for numerical simulation setting provide guidance.
For realizing this object, the present invention proposes a kind of measurement mechanism customizing thermoforming steel friction factor under condition, it is characterized in that:
It comprises heating furnace, controlled heating mould, pressure loading device, clamp device, ball-screw, pulling force sensor, pressure transducer, temperature measuring set, data acquisition system (DAS), Furnace Temperature Controller, guide rail, upper bracket, lower bottom base; The heating-up temperature of described heating furnace is subject to the control of Furnace Temperature Controller; Described guide rail is positioned at heating furnace side, and described ball-screw is positioned at above guide rail; Described ball-screw is by driven by servomotor, and drive clamp device, described clamp device is arranged on guide rail, and for clamping object to be measured, under the effect of ball-screw, clamp device drives object to be measured to move as horizontal direction; Pulling force sensor is arranged between described ball-screw and clamp device; Described lower bottom base is between ball-screw and heating furnace, and described upper bracket is positioned on lower bottom base, leaves space between the two, moves horizontally betwixt for object to be measured; Controlled heating mould is arranged between lower bottom base and pressure loading device, and controlled heating mould is made up of upper module and lower module, and upper and lower Modular surface geometry is identical with physical features, has living space and supply object horizontal to be measured to pass between upper and lower module; Described pressure loading device is arranged on upper bracket, and described pressure loading device applies pressure by pressure transducer to object to be measured;
During work, object one end to be measured is in heating furnace, and the other end, by gripping means grips, by the ball-screw under driven by servomotor by pulling force sensor, by pull transfer to clamp device, makes object horizontal to be measured move; In moving process, object to be measured accepts the pressure that superposed pressure loading device is transmitted by pressure transducer simultaneously, and the heat that controlled heating mould transmits;
Described temperature measuring set is non-contact type temperature measurement instrument, enters the temperature in controlled heating mould moment for measuring object to be measured, and its output is connected with data acquisition system (DAS); Described data acquisition system (DAS), is electrically connected with pulling force sensor, pressure transducer, temperature measuring set respectively, shifts out in process at object to be measured, gather corresponding temperature, pressure at right angle value and horizontal pull value, and by friction factor=0.5 × horizontal pull F
l/ pressure at right angle F
ncalculate at different temperatures, object to be measured shifts out friction factor in process.
Further, controllable gas flow jetting system is housed at furnace outlet place, shifts out in process at object to be measured, to its jet-stream wind to change cooling velocity.
Further, the puff prot of described controllable gas flow jetting system is annular, and what spray is pressurized air or compressed nitrogen, ensures that each region of blank obtains consistent cooldown rate.
Further, described controlled heating mould hot die steel is made, built-in controllable heater element.
Further, described controlled heating mould soak material parcel, makes mold temperature rise to higher temperature sooner;
Further, pressure, pulling force, the temperature information of described data acquisition system pressure transducer, pulling force sensor, temperature measuring set, controlled heating mould, controllable gas flow jetting system, and calculate, store and show the temperature variant curve of friction factor.
Correspondingly, based on described device, the present invention proposes a kind of measuring method customizing thermoforming steel friction factor under condition, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) setting parameter: the spray air flow of the temperature field of set pressure charger force value, controlled heating mould, ball-screw horizontally tracting speed, furnace temp, data acquisition system sampling frequency, controllable gas flow jetting system;
(2) first start data acquisition system (DAS), then start heating furnace, controlled heating mould;
(3) when blank and controlled heating mould reach the thermo parameters method of customization, start ball-screw, it drives clamp device, makes blank shift out heating furnace by setting horizontally tracting speed;
Shifting out in process, blank is under pressure the pressure that charger is transmitted by the upper and lower Modular surface of controlled heating mould and the pulling force that ball-screw is transmitted by pulling force sensor; Controllable gas flow jetting system to blank jet-stream wind, makes blank cool by predetermined cooling velocity by the spray air flow set; Data acquisition system (DAS), by pressure transducer, pulling force sensor, temperature measuring set, gathers pressure at right angle, horizontal pull that blank is subject to, and temperature, sends into data acquisition system (DAS);
(4) data acquisition system (DAS) is according to the temperature, the pressure at right angle value F that gather
nwith horizontal pull value F
l, calculate at a certain temperature, blank shifts out friction factor in process: friction factor=0.5 × horizontal pull F
l/ pressure at right angle F
n.
Further, in described step (1), controlled heating mould is made up of hot die steel, is made up of upper module and lower module, and upper and lower Modular surface geometry is identical with physical features, leave between upper and lower module space for blank horizontal through; Controlled heating mould built-in controllable heater element, customization temperature range is 25-550 DEG C.In mould, the position distribution of built-in heating rod decides according to casual principle, and namely offering of bottoming hole makes mold surface temperature even as far as possible, and not according to shape decides.The mold surface temperature regularity of distribution obtains by numerical simulation calculation and experimental verification, and then optimizes the heating rod distributing position obtaining optimum.
Further, in described step (2), heating furnace type of heating is induction heating, resistance wire furnace heating or direct electro heating, or the combination in any of three kinds of type of heating, blank temperature can be uniform temperature, also can be according to set thermo parameters method, namely customize blank temperature.Customization temperature range is 25-950 DEG C, and heating and thermal insulation temperature is 850-950 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3-10 minute.
Further, described controlled heating mould soak material parcel, makes mold temperature rise to higher temperature sooner.
Further, the puff prot of described controllable gas flow jetting system is annular, and what spray is pressurized air or compressed nitrogen, ensures that each region of blank obtains consistent cooldown rate.
In the present invention, data acquisition system (DAS) comprises computer system, and data acquisition system (DAS) has collection, calculating, storage, Presentation Function, but also can to being included in pressure at right angle value F
nin the additonal pressure that causes of controlled heating mould upper module quality revise.
Design concept of the present invention is, utilizes the measurement mechanism invented, and measures the friction factor of test specimen thermoforming steel under customization condition.Be specially the measurement of thermoforming steel friction factor under blank temperature consecutive variations condition, the measurement of thermoforming steel friction factor under different mold temperature, thermoforming steel friction factor measuring method under different cooling rate, the measurement of high-strength friction factor under different initial structure condition.The consecutive variations of simple blank test specimen temperature realizes by heating arrangement, also realizes more sophisticated blank temperature consecutive variations by Hybrid Heating mode; Controlled heating mould temperature realizes by the built-in heating arrangement of mould and regulates; Different cooling rate realizes by regulating pressure gas ejection flow; Different initial blank is organized, and can be realized by prior thermal treatment.
Along with the progressively application of high-strength steel thermoformed parts of customization mechanical property, traditional mensuration blank temperature, mold temperature, cooldown rate and the homogeneous thermoforming steel friction factor of initial structure can not practical requirement.The present invention is by different condition in custom heat forming process and measure its friction factor, and then provides guidance, for numerical simulation calculation provides experiment basis for actual processing.The present invention has larger application prospect relative to the measurement of friction factor under traditional homogeneous condition.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is apparatus of the present invention one-piece construction schematic diagram
Fig. 2 is the friction factor test result figure under enforcement customization blank temperature condition
Fig. 3 is the Die temperature control principle schematic under enforcement custom mold temperature conditions
Fig. 4 is the ring device schematic diagram under enforcement customization cooldown rate condition
Fig. 5 is the friction factor test result figure under enforcement customization cooldown rate condition
Fig. 6 is the friction factor test result figure under enforcement customization initial structure condition
Mark in figure: heating furnace 1, blank 2, controlled heating mould 3, pressure loading device 4, pulling force sensor 5, clamp device 6, ball-screw 7, data acquisition system (DAS) 8, temperature measuring set 9, Furnace Temperature Controller 10, pressure transducer 11, controllable gas flow jetting system 12, guide rail 13, upper bracket 14, lower bottom base 15.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments, the present invention is described in further detail:
Thermoforming steel friction factor measurement mechanism under customization condition as shown in Figure 1, comprise servomotor, servo-control system, thermoforming steel billet material 2, blank is driven to carry out the ball-screw 7 of rectilinear motion, guide rail 13, for heating the heating furnace 1 of blank 2, measure the temperature measuring set 9 of blank 2 temperature, control the furnace temperature temperature controller 10 of heating furnace 1 temperature, measure the pulling force sensor 5 of pulling force, execute stressed pressure loading device 4, for the upper bracket 14 of setting pressure charger 4, for measuring the pressure transducer 11 of pressure, for clamping the clamp device 6 of blank 2, collecting temperature, pressure, the data acquisition system (DAS) 8 of pulling force and flow information, lower bottom base 15, controllable gas flow jetting system 12.
Customize a measuring method for thermoforming steel friction factor under condition, key step comprises: set pressure charger 4 force value, sets the temperature field of controlled heating mould 3, ball-screw 7 horizontally tracting speed, data acquisition system (DAS) 8 sample frequency; Start data acquisition system (DAS) 8, heating furnace 1, controlled heating mould 3 and ball-screw 7; Clamp device 6 drives blank 2 level to remove heating furnace 1; Controllable gas flow jetting system 12 is to blank 2 jet-stream wind; Pressure transducer 11, pulling force sensor 5, temperature measuring set 9, controlled heating mould 3 and controllable gas flow jetting system 12, gather pressure at right angle, horizontal pull, temperature and flow information that blank 2 is subject to, sends into data acquisition system (DAS) 8.
In technique scheme, heating furnace 1 type of heating is induction heating, and resistance wire furnace heating in practice, direct electro heating is also passable; Controlled heating mould 3 is made up of upper module and lower module, and upper and lower Modular surface geometry is identical with physical features, leave between upper and lower module space for blank 2 horizontal through; Controlled heating mould 3 is made up of hot die steel, built-in controllable heater element, and is wrapped up by soak material.
In technique scheme, furnace temp and blank temperature make heating furnace 1 remain on design temperature by Furnace Temperature Controller 10, and temperature range is that 850-950 DEG C, K type thermocouple welding is on controlled heating mould 3 surface.Controlled heating mould 3 can design temperature field separately, and also by Furnace Temperature Controller 10 design temperature field, mold temperature range is 25-550 DEG C.
In technique scheme, ball-screw 7 is connected with pulling force sensor 5; Pressure loading device 4 is connected with pressure transducer 11; Charger 4 is arranged on upper bracket 14, controlled heating mould 3 is arranged between lower bottom base 15 and pressure loading device 4, controlled heating mould about 3 module leave space for blank 2 horizontal through, upper and lower module full symmetric, surface appearance is consistent, leave space between upper bracket 14 and lower bottom base 15, can move in space for object to be measured;
In technique scheme, it is outside that blank 2 part is exposed to heating furnace 1, and blank temperature is by high temperature to low temperature consecutive variations, and namely this device can record the friction factor under customization blank temperature condition.
In technique scheme, controlled heating mould 3 temperature can rise to designated value by built-in heating rod, be welded on the thermopair on mould by the temperature feedback of die surface to temperature controller, controllable silicon regulates heating rod power to make mold temperature remain stable, and namely this device can record the friction factor under custom mold temperature conditions.
In technique scheme, the spray apparatus mouth that controllable gas flow jetting system 12 is housed in heating furnace 1 exit is annular, gas jet is pressurized air or nitrogen, refrigerating gas flow can be controlled by controllable gas flow jetting system 12, make the cooldown rate that blank test specimen 2 reaches different, namely this device can record the friction factor under customization cooldown rate condition.
In technique scheme, can prepare different initial structure blank 2 as in this device, namely this device can record the friction factor under different initial blank test specimen organization condition.
In technique scheme, pressure transducer 11, pulling force sensor 5, temperature measuring set 9, controlled heating mould 3, the pressure of controllable gas flow jetting system 12, pulling force, temperature and flow information is gathered, by built-in computer system storage, calculating and dynamic graph display by data acquisition system (DAS) 8.
The content that instructions is not described in detail belongs to the known prior art of professional and technical personnel in the field.
Experimental study shows, this device can record thermoforming steel friction factor under customization condition.Embodiment is as follows:
Fig. 2 is the friction factor test result figure under enforcement customization blank temperature condition.It is 80mm/s that blank shifts out rate, and pressure at right angle is 120N, and mold temperature is 25 DEG C, and customization blank temperature is 250 ~ 850 DEG C of consecutive variations.Friction factor not monotone increasing during blank temperature monotone increasing, but low-temperature space maintains lower value, then jumps to pole value, is finally stabilized in high value in high-temperature region.
Fig. 3 is the Die temperature control principle schematic under enforcement custom mold temperature conditions.Heating rod heats controlled heating mould, and temperature feedback in controller, regulates heating rod power to make die surface maintain assigned temperature by controllable silicon by the K type thermopair being welded on die surface.
Fig. 4 is the refrigerating gas thrower under enforcement customization cooldown rate condition.Mold cools down gas is imported by thrower, forms the annular spray to test specimen, avoids the defect that tradition single jetting system makes upper and lower surface inhomogeneous cooling even.
Fig. 5 is the friction factor test result figure under enforcement customization cooldown rate condition.It is 80mm/s that blank shifts out rate, and pressure at right angle is 120N, and mold temperature is 25 DEG C, customizes three kinds of cooldown rates, is respectively 27.3 DEG C/s, 38.8 DEG C/s and 54.0 DEG C/s.Along with the raising of cooldown rate, friction factor first declines and raises afterwards.
Fig. 6 is the friction factor test result figure under enforcement customization initial structure condition.It is 80mm/s that blank shifts out speed, and pressure at right angle is 120N, and mold temperature is 25 DEG C.In a, b, c and d tetra-kinds tissue, martensite content reduces gradually, and pearlite/ferrite content raises gradually.Along with martensite content in initial structure reduce gradually, pearlite/ferrite content raises gradually, friction factor presents rising trend.
Claims (10)
1. customize a measurement mechanism for thermoforming steel friction factor under condition, it is characterized in that:
It comprises heating furnace (1), controlled heating mould (3), pressure loading device (4), clamp device (6), ball-screw (7), pulling force sensor (5), pressure transducer (11), temperature measuring set (9), data acquisition system (DAS) (8), Furnace Temperature Controller (10), guide rail (13), upper bracket (14), lower bottom base (15);
The heating-up temperature of described heating furnace (1) is subject to the control of Furnace Temperature Controller (10);
Described guide rail (13) is positioned at heating furnace (1) side, and described ball-screw (7) is positioned at guide rail (13) top; Described ball-screw (7) is by driven by servomotor, drive clamp device (6), described clamp device (6) is arranged on guide rail (13), for clamping object to be measured, under the effect of ball-screw (7), clamp device (6) drives object to be measured to move as horizontal direction; Pulling force sensor (5) is arranged between described ball-screw (7) and clamp device (6);
Described lower bottom base (15) is positioned between ball-screw (7) and heating furnace (1), described upper bracket (14) is positioned on lower bottom base (15), leave space between the two, move horizontally betwixt for object to be measured; Controlled heating mould (3) is arranged between lower bottom base (15) and pressure loading device (4), controlled heating mould (3) is made up of upper module and lower module, upper and lower Modular surface geometry is identical with physical features, has living space and supply object horizontal to be measured to pass between upper and lower module;
Described pressure loading device (4) is arranged on upper bracket (14), and described pressure loading device (4) applies pressure by pressure transducer (11) to object to be measured;
During work, object one end to be measured is in heating furnace (1), the other end is clamped by clamp device (6), by the ball-screw (7) under driven by servomotor by pulling force sensor (5), by pull transfer to clamp device (6), object horizontal to be measured is moved; In moving process, object to be measured accepts the pressure that superposed pressure loading device (4) is transmitted by pressure transducer (11) simultaneously, and the heat that controlled heating mould (3) transmits;
Described temperature measuring set (9) is non-contact type temperature measurement instrument, enters the temperature in controlled heating mould (3) moment for measuring object to be measured, and its output is connected with data acquisition system (DAS) (8);
Described data acquisition system (DAS) (8), be electrically connected with pulling force sensor (5), pressure transducer (11), temperature measuring set (9) respectively, shift out in process at object to be measured, gather corresponding temperature, pressure at right angle value and horizontal pull value, and by friction factor=0.5 × horizontal pull F
l/ pressure at right angle F
ncalculate at different temperatures, to be measuredly shift out friction factor in process.
2. measurement mechanism according to claim 1, is characterized in that, in heating furnace (1) exit, controllable gas flow jetting system (12) is housed, shifts out in process at object to be measured, to its jet-stream wind to change cooling velocity.
3. measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described controlled heating mould (3) is made with hot die steel, built-in controllable heater element.
4. measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, described controlled heating mould (3) soak material parcel.
5. measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2, is characterized in that, the puff prot of described controllable gas flow jetting system (12) is annular, and what spray is pressurized air or compressed nitrogen.
6. measurement mechanism according to claim 1 and 2, it is characterized in that, described data acquisition system (DAS) (8) gathers pressure, pulling force, the temperature information of pressure transducer (11), pulling force sensor (5), temperature measuring set (9), controlled heating mould (3), controllable gas flow jetting system (12), and calculates, stores and show the temperature variant curve of friction factor.
7. under the customization condition of device according to claim 2, a measuring method for thermoforming steel friction factor, is characterized in that comprising the steps:
(1) setting parameter: the spray air flow of the temperature field of set pressure charger (4) force value, controlled heating mould (3), ball-screw (7) horizontally tracting speed, heating furnace (1) temperature, data acquisition system (DAS) (8) sample frequency, controllable gas flow jetting system (12);
(2) first start data acquisition system (DAS) (8), then start heating furnace (1), controlled heating mould (3);
(3) when blank (2) and controlled heating mould (3) reach the thermo parameters method of customization, start ball-screw (7), it drives clamp device (6), makes blank (2) shift out heating furnace (1) by setting horizontally tracting speed;
Shifting out in process, blank (2) is under pressure the pressure that charger (4) is transmitted by controlled heating mould (3) upper and lower Modular surface and the pulling force that ball-screw (7) is transmitted by pulling force sensor (5); Controllable gas flow jetting system (12) to blank (2) jet-stream wind, makes blank (2) cool by predetermined cooling velocity by the spray air flow set; Data acquisition system (DAS) (8) is by pressure transducer (11), pulling force sensor (5), temperature measuring set (9), gather pressure at right angle, horizontal pull that blank (2) is subject to, and temperature, send into data acquisition system (DAS) (8);
(4) data acquisition system (DAS) (8) is according to the temperature, the pressure at right angle value F that gather
nwith horizontal pull value F
l, calculate at a certain temperature, blank shifts out friction factor in process: friction factor=0.5 × horizontal pull F
l/ pressure at right angle F
n.
8. measuring method according to claim 7, it is characterized in that, in described step (2), heating furnace (1) type of heating is induction heating, resistance wire furnace heating or direct electro heating, or the combination in any of three kinds of type of heating, heating and thermal insulation temperature is 850-950 DEG C, and temperature retention time is 3-10 minute.
9. the measuring method according to claim 7 or 8, it is characterized in that, in described step (1), controlled heating mould (3) is made up of hot die steel, be made up of upper module and lower module, upper and lower Modular surface geometry is identical with physical features, leave between upper and lower module space for blank (2) horizontal through; Controlled heating mould (3) built-in controllable heater element, customization temperature range is 25-550 DEG C.
10. the measuring method according to claim 7 or 8, is characterized in that, described data acquisition system (DAS) (8) according to the temperature information gathered, can draw out the temperature variant performance graph of friction factor.
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| CN105510166A (en) * | 2016-01-06 | 2016-04-20 | 上海大学 | Plate-strip type high temperature friction wear testing machine and testing method thereof |
| CN106769577A (en) * | 2016-11-29 | 2017-05-31 | 河南科技大学 | A kind of hot-work die frictional wear test device |
| CN111487186A (en) * | 2019-01-25 | 2020-08-04 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | Heatable metal plate friction coefficient testing device and method |
| CN113740246B (en) * | 2021-08-30 | 2022-07-05 | 华中科技大学 | Overcome vertical tractive thermal friction test machine of high temperature sheet material gravity bending |
| CN115015103B (en) * | 2022-05-24 | 2023-01-03 | 武汉中誉鼎力智能科技有限公司 | Real-time detection method and device for friction factor and microscopic morphology of material surface |
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| CN2837827Y (en) * | 2005-10-27 | 2006-11-15 | 重庆工学院 | Testing apparatus capable of measuring material friction wear parameters under different temperatures |
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| KR101066065B1 (en) * | 2010-03-24 | 2011-09-20 | 한국생산기술연구원 | Measuring apparatus for the coefficient of friction |
| CN102175599A (en) * | 2011-02-21 | 2011-09-07 | 合肥工业大学 | High-frequency high-specific pressure long-stroke temperature-controllable reciprocating friction test device |
| JP6146851B2 (en) * | 2011-10-11 | 2017-06-14 | 国立研究開発法人物質・材料研究機構 | High temperature friction wear measuring device |
| CN202383059U (en) * | 2011-12-31 | 2012-08-15 | 重庆机电职业技术学院 | Detection device for frictional coefficient of metal material |
| CN203053838U (en) * | 2013-01-11 | 2013-07-10 | 山东建筑大学 | Device for measuring friction coefficient under high-temperature high-pressure state |
| CN103630491A (en) * | 2013-12-12 | 2014-03-12 | 马鸣图 | Device for testing thermal friction coefficient of sheet material in hot stamping forming process |
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