CN101365399A - method of making high strength bainite article, and article made thereby - Google Patents
method of making high strength bainite article, and article made thereby Download PDFInfo
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- CN101365399A CN101365399A CNA2005800389485A CN200580038948A CN101365399A CN 101365399 A CN101365399 A CN 101365399A CN A2005800389485 A CNA2005800389485 A CN A2005800389485A CN 200580038948 A CN200580038948 A CN 200580038948A CN 101365399 A CN101365399 A CN 101365399A
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Abstract
A metallurgy phase is formed in a body of a ferrous alloy by heating the workpiece to a temperature above an austenizing temperature of the alloy and thereafter contacting the workpiece with a quenching medium. Heat is input to the workpiece during at least a portion of the time it is in contact with the quenching medium. The quenching medium and/or the source of heat are regulated so that they work in combination to maintain the workpiece below a holding temperature but above the temperature at which the martensite phase forms in the alloy. After maintaining the alloy at the holding temperature for a predetermined period of time, it is cooled to ambient. In specific implementation scheme, the system works so that a bainite phase is formed in the alloy. Also disclosed are systems for implementing the method.
Description
Related application
The application be the U.S. Patent application that is entitled as " making the method for high strength bainite goods and the goods of making thus " that proposed in 15th in JIUYUE in 2005 the _ _ _ _ _ number part continue.The application also requires the priority of No. the 60/610th, 720, the U.S. Provisional Patent Application that is entitled as " making the metal formation method that is heated by resistive " that proposed in 17th in JIUYUE in 2004.
Invention field
The present invention relates generally to make goods by ferrous metal with controlled metallurgical properties.More specifically, the present invention relates to make goods by iron containing alloy with high concentration bainite phase.The most particularly, the present invention relates to make the manufacturing of goods by the structure member that is used for motor vehicles of high strength steel manufacturing and other with high concentration bainite phase.
Background of invention
Use unimach to come the various parts of maker motor vehicle, building structure and other manufacturing goods.In the canonical process of prior art, directly make these goods by martensite steel, perhaps make these goods by during production process, being transformed into martensitic mild steel.In any situation, the product made from steel of Sheng Chaning has the hot strength that ranges up to and beyond 200ksi thus.But these martensitic structures suffer damage at elongation properties (being typically 4-6%).Bainitic steel, particularly the lower bainite steel not only has very high intensity, and has extraordinary elongation properties, and the typical case is near 15%.Excellent elongation properties has improved the utilization of these goods greatly and/or has simplified their manufacturing.
Although bainitic steel is favourable in many application, be difficult yet preparation has a large amount of bainites phase and the particularly steel of lower bainite phase.In order to form the bainite phase, must at first steel alloy be heated above the temperature of their austenitizing temperature, be quenched to the specific maintenance temperature that is higher than the martensitic phase formation temperature then, and must hold them in and continue the relatively long period under this temperature, make bainite can form mutually.When steel being remained on approaching but be higher than following time of temperature of martensite formation temperature, form lower bainite.Keep step to need suitable high-temperature and fabulous temperature controlled combination simultaneously.Therefore, the typical case is at a large amount of relatively high temperature fluids fuse salt or add in the deep fat and to implement this step for example.These hyperthermal baths have big danger, consume relative lot of energy and occupy big relatively zone.
As what will explain in detail hereinafter, the invention provides a kind of method, can in process, make the bainite article of metallurgical properties with accurate control with maintenance step of highly simplifying by this method, this maintenance step has been eliminated the use of hyperthermal bath etc., but still can promote selected metallographic phase such as formation upper and lower or the mixed with bainite phase.Therefore, method of the present invention can easily be applicable to a large amount of, the manufacturing at a high speed of high strength steel alloy goods, for example the intrusion beam of motor vehicles (intrusion beam), framing component, main component etc., and the parts of building structure and other manufacturing goods.
The invention summary
The invention discloses the method for iron containing alloy body that a kind of preparation comprises one or more required metallographic phase of high percentage ratio.Specifically the formation with reference to the bainite phase illustrates the present invention; But can use it to form the goods that wherein have other required metallurgical phase.In the first step of this method, the workpiece that will comprise iron containing alloy is heated to above the temperature of this alloy austenite temperature.Then, workpiece is contacted with hardening media.At least during workpiece and portion of time that hardening media contacts to workpiece input heat, make that input heat and hardening media are collaborative workpiece is maintained under the maintenance temperature of the martensitic phase formation temperature that is higher than alloy.Workpiece is kept continuing the competent period under temperature so that form the phase that needs therein at this, then with work-piece cools to ambient temperature.In particular of the present invention, select to keep the combination of temperature and time, make in workpiece, to form the bainite phase.In particular condition, the thickness of workpiece is not more than 5 millimeters, and in some cases, it is not more than 3 millimeters.
In some cases, can come heated parts, electric current is therefrom flow through by resistance heated.Hardening media can air inclusion or liquid, and it can be flowed through (flowacross), spray to or flow through (flow through) workpiece, and in other situation, can be with in the fluidic bath of workpiece dip quench agent.In some cases, can change or keep the shaping operation of its shape to workpiece.Can implement this shaping operation before the heating that is higher than austenitizing temperature, when workpiece is in austenitizing temperature, when workpiece is in the maintenance temperature or after this process finishes.The invention also discloses the goods by method manufacturing of the present invention and be used for implementing equipment of the present invention.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is the curve chart that shows a kind of heating curves, can be according to this heating curves of the invention process so that produce the lower bainite phase in workpiece; With
Fig. 2 is the diagram of the temperature-control circuit that can use in enforcement of the present invention.
Detailed Description Of The Invention
The present invention is a kind of metallurgical method, by from the function of employed maintenance medium before this Remove the hardening media function, the method has greatly been simplified and has been comprised bainite or other required metallurgy The formation of the goods of phase. Thus, the present invention need to during the formation of required phase, not use greatly, The liquid bath of high temperature is in order to remain on goods under the temperature of raising.
The present invention relies on the combination of input heat and hardening media to come the temperature of dynamic equilibrium workpiece, Thereby effectively workpiece is remained under enough raising temperature, in order to promote bainite or its The formation of its required phase.
In typical method of the present invention, the workpiece that at first will comprise iron containing alloy is heated above the temperature of its austenitizing temperature.Can realize this heating by any measure as known in the art.For example, can be by induction heater or by making the resistance heated that electric current flows through goods in heating furnace, implement heating.In case goods are heated to this initial temperature, it are contacted with hardening media.This hardening media can comprise simple fluid, for example water or water fluid, wet goods, and perhaps it can be liquefaction or vaporized gas in some cases.Quench fluid can be the form that goods immerse bath wherein, and perhaps it can comprise fluidic sprayed volume.Under any circumstance, owing to also to import heat to workpiece, so this fluid needn't be under the very high temperature.Quench fluid can air inclusion, and this gas comprises surrounding air, noble gas (as nitrogen, argon etc.) or reactant gas such as nitrogenize or carbonization gas., also it is heated in the time at least a portion that workpiece contacts with hardening media.Heat input has been set up in conjunction with hardening media workpiece has been maintained dynamic equilibrium under the selected temperature.Parameter by control heating and quenching can maintain workpiece under the selected maintenance temperature very exactly, thereby promotes the formation of required phase.The balance of keeping heating and cooling continues the competent period so that form this phase, thereby stops the heat input then and work-piece cools is kept required phase to being lower than transition temperature.Obvious this method is highly controlled.In forming the typical operation of lower bainite, workpiece maintained be not higher than 350 ℃ but be higher than under the maintenance temperature of the temperature that martensitic phase begins to form.The precise dose scope will depend on processed concrete alloy.In some cases, be higher than 350 ℃ temperature according to will form alloy is remained on.
Can implement heat input during the maintenance stage by the whole bag of tricks as known in the art.A kind of concrete grammar that can advantageously use in the present invention comprises resistance heated, wherein makes electric current flow through goods so that produce heat.The enforcement of resistance heated method and command economy and simple.In some cases, can be at first goods be heated above the temperature of austenitizing temperature, make it be cooled to the maintenance temperature thereby contact with hardening media then by the resistance heated method preferably under the situation that does not have hardening media, implemented.This heating and keep can be advantageously carry out on the workbench and can with keep step before, during or collaborative the carrying out of other forming technology of implementing afterwards.
In enforcement of the present invention, can also use other heating means, for example eddy-current heating, flame heat, radiant energy heating etc.Can advantageously measure the workpiece temperature that keeps during the step in some cases, and can utilize thus obtained temperature information to control the parameter of heat input and/or hardening media, for example temperature, speed, pressure etc., thus allow precise dose control.Can implement this control with feedback model or indirect pattern.
Referring now to Fig. 1, shown and to have operated so that in the iron content object, form the distribution according to the time relative temperature of a technology of the present invention of lower bainite phase.The curve chart of Fig. 1 has been drawn the time and has been drawn temperature along the longitudinal axis along transverse axis.When this process began, workpiece was in ambient temperature (the normality room temperature that is interpreted as running in the workpiece); And in any situation, ambient temperature is that enough low making the temperature that tangible metallurgy changes can not take place in the workpiece.Typically, ambient temperature is lower than 50 ℃.In the first of this process, workpiece is heated above the temperature of the austenitizing temperature of the alloy of forming workpiece.This temperature will change according to employed concrete alloy; Yet those of ordinary skill in the art can determine easily how many this temperature should be.Typically implement this phase I heating quite apace, although this is not requirement of the present invention.Can in heating furnace, heat, part can be maintained wherein up to further processing in this case.In other situation, just before processing, can heat each part.Can heat by the available any other method of flame, induction, resistance heated or those skilled in the art.In case workpiece is increased to the temperature that is higher than austenitizing temperature, at this moment it is cooled to the maintenance temperature, this temperature typical case is lower than 350 ℃ and still is higher than the temperature that will form martensitic phase in the alloy.By use quenchant fluid to it part is cooled to the maintenance temperature from austenitizing temperature.Be at least a portion time durations in maintenance stage at workpiece, apply heat to it in conjunction with quenchant fluid.Can carry out this heating by any measure well known in the art; Yet because the simplicity of using and controlling, resistance heated is a kind of preferred heating means.Eddy-current heating is another kind of.The combination of heat input and quenching medium will be set up as mentioned above and be made workpiece maintain the dynamic equilibrium that keeps under the temperature.Applying of heat can be successive or it can be step if desired.Workpiece is remained on lasting enough periods under the maintenance temperature so that the bainite phase of formation aequum; Then it is cooled to ambient temperature, thereby is locked as the bainite phase.The typical case realizes cooling by quenchant fluid, and does not import additional heat in most applications.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that and to change above-mentioned heating curves according to the concrete metallurgy that uses alloy and/or according to required processing parameter.For example, can change the speed of heating or cooling workpiece.Equally, the maintenance stage that shows as single horizontal line can be stepped line or the line that tilts gradually.In some cases, can optionally temperature spikes (spike) be attached in the curve.And as mentioned above, keep temperature can be higher than 350 ℃ when forming other phase time.
In addition, should be understood that the present invention allows fabulous space (spacial) control to the metallurgical properties of workpiece.For example, heat and the quenching supply system, thereby can optionally heat, keep preferentially to form bainite mutually at the specific part of workpiece with the part of cooling workpiece by suitably disposing.Can optimize the physical parameter such as the deformability of workpiece by this way for application-specific.
Referring now to Fig. 2, shown the sketch map of a kind of temperature-adjusting circuit that can implement in the present invention.The circuit working of Fig. 2 maintains workpiece 10 under the temperature of preliminary election.Thus, temperature sensor 12 links (communication) with workpiece and operates and produces the output signal of representing its temperature.Temperature sensor 12 can comprise thermocouple, thermometer, critesistor or some other this contact devices.In addition, it can comprise for example non-contact device of optical pyrometer.In any situation, temperature sensor 12 produces the control signal with quenching controller 14 and/or heater controller 16 UNICOMs.In the illustrated embodiment, temperature sensor and quenching controller and hot device controller UNICOM all; But can in workpiece, obtain enough temperature control by only controlling a controller in some cases.As shown in the figure, 14 controls of quenching controller are to the quench fluid delivery system which may 18 of workpiece 10 supply quench fluid.Similarly, heater controller 16 controls are to the heater 20 of workpiece input heat.Can be clear that controller 14,16 can be according to the collaborative heating and cooling workpiece 10 of the curve of preliminary election.Those skilled in the art can easily add other embodiment of controller in system of the present invention.
More preferably, use the workpiece of relative thin to implement method of the present invention, and it have and is not more than 5 millimeters thickness thus; And the thickness of goods is no more than 3 millimeters in some special circumstances.Have been found that the goods that use this yardstick can obtain extraordinary temperature control and uniform metallurgical properties.But, can make thicker goods by the temperature and the heat-transfer capability of suitable adjusting hardening media.Method of the present invention is very suitable for making the sheet metal goods of relative thin, for example the pilot beam of motor vehicles, intrusion beam, framing component, car body panel etc.It can also be used to making plate, beam, the pillar (brace) and similar parts of building structure.Can wait the method for the present invention of implementing in conjunction with for example roll forming of other forming technology, punching press, bending, die forming.So, workshop section and the system that is used to form the bainite phase directly can be attached in the various device, particularly in those situations of under improving temperature, handling.For example, bainite formation step can be readily incorporated in for example hot forming such as die forming, the heat treatment operation.
In a word, the present invention's operation is used for the balance heating and cooling, thereby allows to handle workpiece according to the temperature curve of accurately control.This allows very accurately and exactly to select and control the metallurgical properties of goods.
Here the disclosure that provides is provided, many modifications and variations of the present invention it will be apparent to those of skill in the art.Aforementioned is illustrating of specific embodiments of the present invention, but and does not mean that it is restriction to its enforcement.Following claims (comprising its equivalent) define scope of the present invention.
Claims (20)
1. method for preparing the iron containing alloy body of the preliminary election metallographic phase that comprises high percentage ratio, described method comprises the steps:
The workpiece that comprises iron containing alloy is provided;
Described workpiece is heated above the temperature of described alloy austenite temperature; Then
Described workpiece is contacted with hardening media;
At least a portion time durations that contacts with described hardening media at described workpiece, to described workpiece input heat, make the heat of described input and the combination of described hardening media jointly described workpiece be maintained under the preliminary election maintenance temperature of the martensitic phase formation temperature that is higher than described alloy;
Described workpiece is maintained lasting enough periods under the described maintenance temperature, so that form the metallographic phase of preliminary election therein; Then
With described work-piece cools to ambient temperature.
2. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the combination with described maintenance temperature and described time keeps described workpiece, thereby form the bainite phase therein.
3. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that described temperature is lower than 350 ℃.
4. according to the method for claim 2, wherein said bainite is the lower bainite phase mutually.
5. according to the method for claim 2, wherein said bainite is the upper bainite phase mutually.
6. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the thickness of described workpiece is not more than 5 millimeters.
7. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the thickness of described workpiece is not more than 3 millimeters.
8. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step to described workpiece input heat comprises that thereby making electric current flow through described workpiece resistance-type heats described workpiece.
9. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step of the described workpiece of heating to the temperature that is higher than austenitizing temperature comprises that thereby making electric current flow through described workpiece resistance-type heats described workpiece.
10. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step that described workpiece is contacted with hardening media comprises described workpiece is contacted with liquid medium.
11. described workpiece is contacted with the gaseous state hardening media according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step that described workpiece is contacted with hardening media comprises.
12. described workpiece is immersed described hardening media according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step that described workpiece is contacted with hardening media comprises.
13. described hardening media is sprayed onto on the described workpiece according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step that described workpiece is contacted with hardening media comprises.
14. according to the method for claim 1, this method comprises the other step that contacts and measure the temperature of described workpiece when described workpiece with described hardening media when wherein importing described heat.
15. according to the method for claim 13, this method comprises the temperature that responds described workpiece and controls the other step of heat input and/or described hardening media parameter.
16. according to the process of claim 1 wherein that the step to described workpiece input heat comprises that vicarious heats described workpiece.
17. according to the method for claim 1, this method comprises another step of described workpiece being implemented shaping operation.
18. goods, its method by claim 1 is made.
19. an equipment for preparing the iron containing alloy body of the preliminary election metallographic phase with high percentage ratio, described system comprises:
Quenching medium induction system, this system can be operated in order to carry quenchant fluid to workpiece;
Heater, this heater can be operated in order to carry at least a portion time durations heated parts of quenching medium to workpiece in the quenching medium induction system; And
Controller, this controller is used for controlling at least one of described quenching medium induction system and described heater, and the preliminary election that makes described quenching medium induction system and described heater jointly workpiece be maintained the martensitic phase formation temperature that is higher than described alloy keeps under the temperature.
20. the equipment of claim 17, this equipment also comprise the temperature sensor that is used to produce corresponding to the signal of described workpiece temperature, described temperature sensor can further be operated and make described signal communication to controller.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US61072004P | 2004-09-17 | 2004-09-17 | |
| US60/610,720 | 2004-09-17 | ||
| US11/227,354 | 2005-09-15 |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN101365399A true CN101365399A (en) | 2009-02-11 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CNB2005800365226A Expired - Fee Related CN100571471C (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2005-09-16 | The metal forming apparatus of resistance heating and technology |
| CNA2005800389485A Pending CN101365399A (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2005-09-19 | method of making high strength bainite article, and article made thereby |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| CNB2005800365226A Expired - Fee Related CN100571471C (en) | 2004-09-17 | 2005-09-16 | The metal forming apparatus of resistance heating and technology |
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Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| KR101304049B1 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2013-09-04 | 캘리포니아 인스티튜트 오브 테크놀로지 | Forming of metallic glass by rapid capacitor discharge |
| US8613814B2 (en) | 2008-03-21 | 2013-12-24 | California Institute Of Technology | Forming of metallic glass by rapid capacitor discharge forging |
| CN101791755A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2010-08-04 | 上海交通大学 | Metal surface imprint forming device with direct local resistance heating |
| JP5934226B2 (en) * | 2010-10-13 | 2016-06-15 | カリフォルニア インスティチュート オブ テクノロジー | Formation of metallic glass by rapid capacitor discharge forging |
| JP5927610B2 (en) * | 2012-06-01 | 2016-06-01 | 高周波熱錬株式会社 | Energizing device, energizing method, and energizing heating device |
| CN103331345B (en) * | 2013-07-10 | 2015-04-08 | 西北工业大学 | Stretch-bending forming device with insulated stretching head and forming method thereof |
| TWI583797B (en) * | 2015-08-25 | 2017-05-21 | Nat Kaohsiung First Univ Of Science And Tech | Local heating device for plate and heating method thereof |
| US10682694B2 (en) | 2016-01-14 | 2020-06-16 | Glassimetal Technology, Inc. | Feedback-assisted rapid discharge heating and forming of metallic glasses |
| US10632529B2 (en) | 2016-09-06 | 2020-04-28 | Glassimetal Technology, Inc. | Durable electrodes for rapid discharge heating and forming of metallic glasses |
| CN106964683A (en) * | 2017-05-03 | 2017-07-21 | 清华大学 | Curve mold processing technology |
| CN109909395B (en) * | 2019-03-13 | 2020-02-21 | 大连理工大学 | Ellipsoid air pressure forming method based on current self-resistance heating |
| CN112808814B (en) * | 2020-12-31 | 2022-01-18 | 南京航空航天大学 | Auxiliary electric heating torsion forming device and method for shroud plate of blade |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US2972043A (en) * | 1956-10-08 | 1961-02-14 | Bochumer Ver Fuer Gusstahlfabr | Resistance heating process and apparatus |
| AU3854400A (en) * | 1999-06-01 | 2000-12-18 | Mehmet Terziakin | Instant heating process with electric current application to the workpiece for high strength metal forming |
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2005
- 2005-09-16 CN CNB2005800365226A patent/CN100571471C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-09-19 CN CNA2005800389485A patent/CN101365399A/en active Pending
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| CN101053281A (en) | 2007-10-10 |
| CN100571471C (en) | 2009-12-16 |
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