CN104897279A - Low light intensity calibration device - Google Patents
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- CN104897279A CN104897279A CN201510231105.2A CN201510231105A CN104897279A CN 104897279 A CN104897279 A CN 104897279A CN 201510231105 A CN201510231105 A CN 201510231105A CN 104897279 A CN104897279 A CN 104897279A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a low light intensity calibration device. The device comprises an integrating sphere source, a diaphragm, an optical alignment system, a detection system and a computer, wherein the integrating sphere source includes a variable incident diaphragm and an emergent diaphragm; the optical alignment system includes a plane mirror, an off-axis parabolic mirror and a one-dimensional motorized translation stage; the detection system includes a standard low light detector, a calibrated instrument and a one-dimensional motorized translation stage; the computer is installed with a measurement software packet; the variable incident diaphragm and the emergent diaphragm of the integrating sphere source are automatically adjusted by controlling a step motor via the computer, to realize intensity adjustment within a large dynamic range of 10<-3>1x-10<-9>1x; and the plane mirror for reflecting a light path in the optical alignment system can be controlled by the computer to shift in and out of the light path via the one-dimensional motorized translation stage, to realize switching between double light paths and meet the view field requirements of different calibrated instruments. The low light intensity calibration device solves the problem of accurate calibration of low light measurement instruments such as low light illuminometers and calibrated star sensors, and has the characteristics of high measurement accuracy, large dynamic range, good repeatability and wide application prospect.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Optical metrology and measurement field, relate to a kind of low light level photometric calibration device, particularly relate to the low light level photometric calibration device of the great dynamic range based on a kind of integrating sphere light source adjustable by illumination.
Background technology
Along with the development of science and technology, star sensor be widely used in satellite, airship, space shuttle and space station high-precision attitude determine, space navigation and location.Utilize star sensor to carry out starlight inertia combined guidance, improve antijamming capability, effectively improve the accuracy at target of system.Aviation Star navigation system system proposes star sensor (10
-3~ 10
-9) lx scope low light level illumination calibration requirements, to starlight analog device in aircraft, (illumination is less than 10 to the proposition of " goddess in the moon " moon exploration program
-5lx) low light level illumination calibration requirements.In addition, Integrated Individual Soldier Combat System not only increases my army individual soldier night operations ground ability, and has expanded Single-soldier system range of application, proposes (10 for the Portable Night Vision System in Integrated Individual Soldier Combat System
-1~ 10
-9) lx scope low light level illumination calibration requirements.Therefore the calibration that low light level photometric calibration device realizes the low light level illumination of faint light surveying instrument must be developed.
At present, low light level illumination measuring method mainly adopt neutral light damping plate method and etc. colour temperature damped method.China National Measuring Science Research Inst., China Testing Technology Institute and space flight three 〇 tri-be exactly adopt neutral light damping plate method the illumination of light source to be decayed, by with standard low light level illuminometer compare the calibration realizing low light level illuminometer, but the colour temperature of light source can be changed thus affect calibration accuracy due to neutral light damping plate method.Chinese Academy of Sciences's Xi'an ray machine the colour temperature damped method such as to adopt utilize integrating sphere light source with variable incident diaphragm, by regulating the bore of incident diaphragm the illumination of integrating sphere light source to be decayed, realized the demarcation of star sensor etc. by the brightness value of calculated product bulb separation light source.Such as, " applied optics " the 31st volume, on the 1st phase, in " a kind of high magnitude scale foresight optical simulator design and performance analysis " literary composition, the method adopted such as is exactly at the colour temperature damped method, and realize the demarcation of star sensor, the illuminance error that its integrating sphere light source die is drawn up is 5.64%.But because this method brightness value that is calculated product bulb separation light source realizes the demarcation of star sensor, also can calibration accuracy be affected.
Summary of the invention
Can not the problem of accurate alignment for faint light surveying instrument in prior art, the invention provides a kind of low light level photometric calibration device, specifically, this calibrating installation is based on the integrating sphere light source that illumination is adjustable, in conjunction with double light path handoff technique and faint light detection technology, by comparing with standard dim light detector, thus realize the accurate alignment to faint light surveying instrument (as low light level illuminometer, star sensor etc.).
Technical scheme of the present invention is:
Described a kind of low light level photometric calibration device, is characterized in that: comprise integrating sphere light source, light hurdle and shutter, detection system and data acquisition and control computing machine;
Described integrating sphere light source is by Halogen lamp LED, integrating sphere, variable incident diaphragm, variable outgoing diaphragm and monitor that detector forms; Integrating sphere is with entrance pupil, exit pupil, baffle plate and monitor prober interface, and the total area of integrating sphere opening is no more than 10% of ball internal reflection area; Entrance pupil is mutually vertical with the line of the centre of sphere with exit pupil with the line of the centre of sphere, within the scope of 90 ° of central angles that the line of line and exit pupil and the centre of sphere that baffle plate is in entrance pupil and the centre of sphere forms, prevents incident light directly from exit pupil outgoing; Even application multilayer spectralon material on sphere inner wall, baffle plate spraying spectralon material; Variable incident diaphragm is arranged on entrance pupil, and variable outgoing diaphragm is arranged on exit pupil, and variable incident diaphragm and the powered machine of variable outgoing diaphragm drive, and motor controls by data acquisition and control computing machine; Monitor that detector is arranged on supervision prober interface; Halogen lamp LED is incident light source;
Described detection system comprises standard dim light detector, by school instrument and translation stage; Translation stage controls by data acquisition and control computing machine, on request by standard dim light detector or by school instrument feeding light path;
From the light signal of integrating sphere light source outgoing through light hurdle and fast behind the door, gather respectively by standard dim light detector with by school instrument, and the brightness value of the background correction that standard dim light detector is exported and the brightness value input data acquisition and control computing machine of background correction that exported by school instrument, obtain by the calibration factor of school instrument.
Further preferred version, described a kind of low light level photometric calibration device, is characterized in that: when being the instrument with telescopic system by school instrument, on light hurdle and increase optical alignment system between shutter and detection system; The light of integrating sphere light source outgoing is adjusted to collimated light beam and sends into detection system by described optical alignment system.
Further preferred version, described a kind of low light level photometric calibration device, is characterized in that: described standard dim light detector is made up of optical module and electric appliance component; Electric appliance component is made up of high-pressure system, refrigeration system, discriminator, photon counter; Optical module is followed successively by accurate diaphragm, cosine corrector, V (λ) optical filter, step-by-step counting type photomultiplier from outside to inside; High-pressure system pulse count type photomultiplier provides high pressure, refrigeration system pulse count type photomultiplier realizes refrigeration, the amplitude that discriminator pulse count type photomultiplier exports pulse compares, and the pulse signal after discriminator is differentiated is by photon counter accumulated counts.
Further preferred version, described a kind of low light level photometric calibration device, is characterized in that:
Standard dim light detector, according to the photon number N of accumulated counts, obtains the brightness value E on standard dim light detector receiving plane by following formula
ν:
Wherein, A is the area of the accurate diaphragm of standard dim light detector, F is colour correction factor, K
mfor maximum spectral luminous efficacy, S
555for standard dim light detector is in the spectral power responsiveness at wavelength 555nm place.
Beneficial effect
Overall technology effect of the present invention is presented as:
(1) the present invention is on the basis of relative method, in conjunction with waiting color temperature light sources decay technique, double light path handoff technique and faint light detection technology, achieving and calibrating the pin-point accuracy of faint light surveying instrument, thus solving 10
-3lx ~ 10
-9a calibration difficult problem for the faint light surveying instrument of lx scope, and easy to use, quick, laborsaving.
(2) the variable incident diaphragm of integrating sphere light source of the present invention and outgoing diaphragm are automatically adjusted by computer-controlled stepper motor, can realize 10
-3lx ~ 10
-9the illumination of the colour temperatures such as the great dynamic range of lx regulates.
(3) the present invention adopts double light design, meets different from school instrument visual field requirement.Controlled to move in and out light path by computing machine by one dimension motorized precision translation stage for the plane mirror of light path of turning back in optical alignment system, realize collimated light path and switch with the double light path dispersing light path.
(4) standard dim light detector of the present invention adopts the mode of thermoelectric cooling and photon pulse counting, adopts feeble signal noise-removed technology and photon to amplify steady flow to reduce noise, improves detection sensitivity.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is low light level photometric calibration device composition frame chart of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is integrating sphere light source composition schematic diagram.
Fig. 3 is standard dim light detector composition schematic diagram.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing and preferred embodiment, the present invention is described in further detail.
As shown in Figure 1, the calibrating installation that the present embodiment provides is made up of integrating sphere light-source system 1, light hurdle and shutter 2, optical alignment system 3, detection system 4 and data acquisition and control computing machine 5.
According to Fig. 2, integrating sphere light-source system 1 contains halogen tungsten lamp and power supply 1-1, variable incident diaphragm 1-2, integrating sphere 1-3, baffle plate 1-4, monitors that detector 1-5 and variable outgoing diaphragm 1-6 forms.Halogen tungsten lamp selects power to be the halogen tungsten lamp of 50W.Variable incident diaphragm 1-2 and variable outgoing diaphragm 1-6 selects the APID12-1-D type iris of Beijing Zolix Instrument Co., Ltd..Integrating sphere 1-3 by diameter be the hollow ball of 150mm, baffle plate, entrance pupil, exit pupil and supervision prober interface form.The total area of all openings of integrating sphere is no more than 10% of ball internal reflection area.Integrating sphere entrance pupil and exit pupil place are separately installed with the variable incident diaphragm 1-2 of step motor control and variable outgoing diaphragm 1-6, are respectively used to change the incident flux of Halogen lamp LED and the exit flux of integrating sphere.On integrating sphere sphere inner wall even application reflection multilayer than high, without the spectralon material of spectral selectivity, this material can be washed, be applicable to indoor and outdoor surroundings, chemical stability is high, transreplication.Entrance pupil is mutually vertical with the line of the centre of sphere with exit pupil, in order to prevent incident light directly by exit pupil, the in-built baffle plate of ball, the material that baffle plate spraying is identical with integrating sphere inside surface, the angle of baffle plate and horizontal direction is 45 °, and installation site is apart from integrating sphere central horizontal direction 51mm.Monitor that detector 1-5 is arranged on described integrating sphere and monitors on prober interface, angle at 45 ° with vertical direction, monitors that the S1337 type silicon photoelectric diode of Japanese HAMAMATSU company selected by detector.
Light hurdle and shutter 2 are mainly used in deduction parasitic light and measurement environment background, and wherein surface, light hurdle scribbles the making of pitch-dark iron plate, and its opening diameter is Φ 100mm, and shutter selects the 04ESC121 type electronic shutter of MG company of the U.S..
Optical alignment system 3 is made up of plane mirror and support, off axis paraboloidal mirror and support and the first one dimension motorized precision translation stage, plane mirror and off axis paraboloidal mirror material are K9 glass, K9 glass has excellent optical property, physics, stable chemical performance, plane mirror and off axis paraboloidal mirror surface aluminizer, plane reflection aperture of mirror is Φ 100mm, off axis paraboloidal mirror focal length is 1000mm, wave aberration is better than λ/8, is 180mm from axle amount, and bore is Φ 150mm.First one dimension motorized precision translation stage selects the one-dimensional precise motorized precision translation stage of Beijing Zolix Instrument Co., Ltd., and its positioning precision is 50 μm.
Described optical alignment system 3 uses when calibration tape has instrument (as the star sensor) of telescopic system, carry out turning back light path by described plane mirror, plane mirror is controlled to move into light path by described data collection and control computing machine 5 on described first one dimension motorized precision translation stage by support installing, the light of described integrating sphere light-source system 1 outgoing diaphragm 1-2 outgoing is reflexed on off axis paraboloidal mirror, integrating sphere light-source system 1 outgoing diaphragm 1-2 is positioned on the focal plane of off axis paraboloidal mirror, light beam through off axis paraboloidal mirror reflection is collimated light beam, receive respectively by standard dim light detector 4-1 with by school instrument 4-2.When calibrating instrument (as low light level illuminometer) without telescopic system, plane mirror is controlled to shift out light path by described computing machine 5, apart from described integrating sphere light-source system 1 outgoing diaphragm 1-6 mono-meter and the direction of vertical optical path, receive the divergent beams from integrating sphere light-source system 1 respectively by standard dim light detector 4-1 with by school instrument 4-2.
Detection system 4 is by standard dim light detector 4-1, formed by school instrument 4-2, the second one dimension motorized precision translation stage 4-3.Standard dim light detector 4-1 and by school instrument 4-2 by respective support installing on the second one dimension motorized precision translation stage 4-3, second one dimension motorized precision translation stage 4-3 selects the one-dimensional precise motorized precision translation stage of Beijing Zolix Instrument Co., Ltd., and its positioning precision is 50 μm.According to measurement needs, the second one dimension motorized precision translation stage 4-3 moves into optical path by standard dim light detector 4-1 with by school instrument 4-2 successively.
According to Fig. 3, standard dim light detector 4-1 is made up of optical module, electric appliance component.The optical module of standard dim light detector 4-1 is followed successively by accurate diaphragm 4-1-1, cosine corrector 4-1-2, V (λ) optical filter 4-1-3, step-by-step counting type photomultiplier 4-1-4 from outside to inside, wherein accurate diaphragm 4-1-1 surface scribbles the making of pitch-dark iron plate, its opening diameter is Φ 10mm, cosine corrector 4-1-2 adopts opal glass to make, and diameter is Φ 20mm; V (λ) optical filter 4-1-3 adopts coloured glass to make, and diameter is
glass adopts LB6 and LB1 to combine.The electric appliance component of standard dim light detector 4-1 is made up of high-pressure system 4-1-5, refrigeration system 4-1-6, discriminator 4-1-7 and photon counter 4-1-8, wherein refrigeration system 4-1-6 is the M9011 type refrigeration system that Japanese Bin Song company produces, and photon counter 4-1-8 is the C8855-01 type photon counter that Japanese Bin Song company produces.High-pressure system 4-1-5 pulse count type photomultiplier 4-1-4 provide high pressure; Refrigeration system 4-1-6 pulse count type photomultiplier 4-1-4 realizes refrigeration, under ensureing that step-by-step counting type photomultiplier transit tube cathode is operated in extremely low stable temperature; The amplitude that discriminator 4-1-7 pulse count type photomultiplier 4-1-4 exports pulse compares, and the pulse signal after discriminator 4-1-7 differentiates is by photon counter 4-1-8 accumulated counts.
Standard dim light detector 4-1, according to the photon number N of accumulated counts, obtains the brightness value E on standard dim light detector receiving plane by following formula
ν:
Wherein, A is the area of the accurate diaphragm of standard dim light detector, F is colour correction factor, K
mfor maximum spectral luminous efficacy, value is 683lm/W, S
555for standard dim light detector is in the spectral power responsiveness at wavelength 555nm place.The output current of standard dim light detector is by reometer Measurement accuracy, and the diameter of accurate diaphragm adopts precision measuring microscope to demarcate, F and S
555optical radiation benchmark low temperature radiometer can be directly trace.
Data acquisition and control computing machine 5 is equipped with data collecting card and Survey Software bag.Survey Software includes hardware control module, page module, signal acquisition module, computing module, memory module and output module.
The function of hardware control module: variable incident diaphragm 1-2 and the outgoing diaphragm 1-6 caliber size of first control integrating sphere light-source system 1 regulate automatically, thus realize 10
-3lx ~ 10
-9the great dynamic range illumination of lx regulates; Its two be control electronic shutter 2 open and close to gather light signal and background signal; It three is that control first one dimension motorized precision translation stage moves into, shifts out light path, to realize dispersing the switching of light path and collimated light path; Its four be control second one dimension motorized precision translation stage 4-3 successively by standard dim light detector 4-1 and by school instrument 4-2 move into optical path.
The function of page module is on computing machine 5 screen, show Presentation Function button groups, the first one dimension motorized precision translation stage 3-3 and the second one dimension motorized precision translation stage 4-3 motion control column, signals collecting display column and test result display column, and calls described hardware control module and complete control to described integrating sphere light source 1 variable incident diaphragm 1-2 and outgoing diaphragm 1-6, electronic shutter 2, first one dimension motorized precision translation stage and the second one dimension motorized precision translation stage 4-3.
Signal acquisition module gathers standard dim light detector 4-1 and is sent into memory module preserve with excel form by the output data of school instrument 4-2.
The function of computing module be according to following formulae discovery by the calibration factor of school instrument 4-2:
Wherein, the brightness value that E, E ' is respectively the background correction that standard dim light detector exports and the brightness value of background correction exported by school faint light surveying instrument.Calculate 10 measurement results mean value and as calibration factor measurement result, the simultaneously uncertainty of computation and measurement result.
Memory module utilizes storer to preserve raw data and measurement result, and raw data and measurement result are preserved with text form, and user can be further processed in Excel or Matlab software.
The function of output module is the data called in memory module, prints measurement data and measurement result with data mode.
Low light level photometric calibration device of the present invention is on the basis of relative method, in conjunction with the color temperature light sources decay techniques such as great dynamic range, double light path handoff technique and faint light detection technology, achieve and calibrate with telescopic system with without the pin-point accuracy of telescopic system faint light surveying instrument, thus solve 10
-3lx ~ 10
-9a calibration difficult problem for the faint light surveying instrument of lx scope, can provide reliable basis for the development of faint light surveying instrument.
Claims (4)
1. a low light level photometric calibration device, is characterized in that: comprise integrating sphere light source, light hurdle and shutter, detection system,
And data acquisition and control computing machine;
Described integrating sphere light source is by Halogen lamp LED, integrating sphere, variable incident diaphragm, variable outgoing diaphragm and monitor that detector forms; Integrating sphere is with entrance pupil, exit pupil, baffle plate and monitor prober interface, and the total area of integrating sphere opening is no more than 10% of ball internal reflection area; Entrance pupil is mutually vertical with the line of the centre of sphere with exit pupil with the line of the centre of sphere, within the scope of 90 ° of central angles that the line of line and exit pupil and the centre of sphere that baffle plate is in entrance pupil and the centre of sphere forms, prevents incident light directly from exit pupil outgoing; Even application multilayer spectralon material on sphere inner wall, baffle plate spraying spectralon material; Variable incident diaphragm is arranged on entrance pupil, and variable outgoing diaphragm is arranged on exit pupil, and variable incident diaphragm and the powered machine of variable outgoing diaphragm drive, and motor controls by data acquisition and control computing machine; Monitor that detector is arranged on supervision prober interface; Halogen lamp LED is incident light source;
Described detection system comprises standard dim light detector, by school instrument and translation stage; Translation stage controls by data acquisition and control computing machine, on request by standard dim light detector or by school instrument feeding light path;
From the light signal of integrating sphere light source outgoing through light hurdle and fast behind the door, gather respectively by standard dim light detector with by school instrument, and the brightness value of the background correction that standard dim light detector is exported and the brightness value input data acquisition and control computing machine of background correction that exported by school instrument, obtain by the calibration factor of school instrument.
2. a kind of low light level photometric calibration device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: when being the instrument with telescopic system by school instrument, on light hurdle and increase optical alignment system between shutter and detection system; The light of integrating sphere light source outgoing is adjusted to collimated light beam and sends into detection system by described optical alignment system.
3. a kind of low light level photometric calibration device according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described standard dim light detector is made up of optical module and electric appliance component; Electric appliance component is made up of high-pressure system, refrigeration system, discriminator, photon counter; Optical module is followed successively by accurate diaphragm, cosine corrector, V (λ) optical filter, step-by-step counting type photomultiplier from outside to inside; High-pressure system pulse count type photomultiplier provides high pressure, refrigeration system pulse count type photomultiplier realizes refrigeration, the amplitude that discriminator pulse count type photomultiplier exports pulse compares, and the pulse signal after discriminator is differentiated is by photon counter accumulated counts.
4. a kind of low light level photometric calibration device according to claim 3, is characterized in that:
Standard dim light detector, according to the photon number N of accumulated counts, obtains the brightness value E on standard dim light detector receiving plane by following formula
ν:
Wherein, A is the area of the accurate diaphragm of standard dim light detector, F is colour correction factor, K
mfor maximum spectral luminous efficacy, S
555for standard dim light detector is in the spectral power responsiveness at wavelength 555nm place.
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