CN104892598A - 一种1,10-菲啰啉衍生物及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种1,10-菲啰啉衍生物及其制备方法与应用。该1,10-菲啰啉衍生物的化学式为:3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉。本发明制备得到的1,10-菲啰啉衍生物成本低,作为荧光探针,在蓝光区域(455-490nm)产生10倍的荧光增强。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可用于高灵敏锌离子荧光传感的1,10-菲啰啉衍生物。
背景技术
化学传感器用途广泛,可应用于水质监测、有害气体预警、土壤重金属分析、食品分析等诸多领域。一些重金属离子一旦过量对生物体危害巨大,如汞离子在自然界可转化为具有神经毒性的甲基汞,通过生物积累效应造成环境污染和对人畜细胞代谢和神经组织的破坏;镉离子具有很强的毒性,能够伤害肺、肾脏、脾脏等器官组织;锌离子既可以参与许多重要的细胞活动,如神经传递、信号传导和基因表达等,但是过多的锌离子又会造成农业和食品的污染。因此对这些重金属离子进行检测显得格外重要。
目前有许多标准方法可以用来检测重金属离子,如滴定分析、原子吸收光谱、原子发射光谱、气相或液相色谱等,但是这些方法大都需要繁琐的样品预处理和精密复杂的仪器,耗时耗力。荧光化学传感器因其成本低廉,操作简单,可实时监测,高灵敏度和高选择性等一系列优点而一直成为化学、环境以及材料等领域的研究热点,并逐步向实用化迈进。
在已有的研究与报道中,很大一部分金属离子传感器都是基于有机小分子配体的体系,有的配体结构复杂,合成难度较高。1,10-菲啰啉结构相对简单,具有大的共轭平面以及强的螯合能力,常被用做双齿螯合配体和金属离子作用形成配合物,然而把低成本的1,10-菲啰啉衍生物应用到锌离子的荧光传感目前研究得较少。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为了解决现有技术中存在的缺陷,提供一种低成本、并可用于锌离子荧光传感的1,10-菲啰啉衍生物。
为了达到上述目的,本发明提供了一种1,10-菲啰啉衍生物,化学式为:3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉,具体结构式如下:
。
本发明还提供了上述1,10-菲啰啉衍生物的制备方法:包括以下步骤:
(1)向三颈瓶中加入镁屑、无水四氢呋喃和碘,在室温和氩气保护下缓慢搅拌;所述镁屑、无水四氢呋喃、碘的质量比例为106:445:1;将4-溴丙氧基苯溶于无水四氢呋喃中配成浓度为6 mol/L的溶液,缓慢滴加到上述三颈瓶中,保持反应体系处于微沸,滴完后,加热回流30分钟后冷却至室温,制成格氏试剂;所述镁屑和4-溴丙氧基苯的物质的量比为7:5;
(2)另取三颈瓶,向其中加入3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉、[Ni(dppp)Cl2]催化剂和无水四氢呋喃,3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉、[Ni(dppp)Cl2]催化剂与步骤(1)中使用的4-溴丙氧基苯的物质的量比为36:1:96,所述3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉和无水四氢呋喃的质量比例为1:9;在室温和氩气保护下将步骤(1)中制备的格氏试剂倒入滴液漏斗中,然后将其缓慢滴入上述加入3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉的三颈瓶中,滴完后在室温下搅拌2小时,然后加热至沸回流12小时,冷却至室温后,加入饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭,用三氯甲烷萃取,取有机层用饱和食盐水充分洗涤之后采用柱层析分离,洗脱剂采用三氯甲烷,收集洗脱液蒸干溶剂后得到黄色固体,即为所述3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉。
本发明还提供了上述1,10-菲啰啉衍生物在对锌离子检测方面的应用。
本发明相比现有技术具有以下优点:本发明制备得到的1,10-菲啰啉衍生物成本低,作为荧光探针,在蓝光区域(455-490 nm)产生10倍的荧光增强。这种荧光增强既不受碱金属离子,碱土金属离子以及大部分过渡金属离子等影响,也不受pH影响,表明本发明1,10-菲啰啉衍生物具有高的选择性和pH稳定性。本发明制备得到的1,10-菲啰啉衍生物对游离锌离子的检测限可以达到2 ppb,远低于世界卫生组织饮用水中的锌含量(3 mg/L),为高选择性和高灵敏度的锌离子传感器提供可靠的技术支持。
附图说明
图1为实施例1制备得的3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉核磁共振氢谱;
图2为3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉氯化锌分子结构图;
图3为3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉荧光滴定图;
图4为不同金属离子的竞争性曲线图;
图5为3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉的Job曲线;
图6为荧光强度随锌浓度变化的图谱。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明进行详细说明。
实施例一
步骤1.向100 mL干燥的三颈瓶中加入2.12 g(87.4 mmol)活化的镁屑、10 mL无水四氢呋喃和0.02g催化量的碘,在室温和氩气保护下缓慢搅拌;将7.85 mL的4-溴丙氧基苯(62.5 mmol)溶于10 mL无水四氢呋喃中配成溶液,缓慢滴加到上述三颈瓶中,保持反应体系处于微沸,滴完后,加热回流30分钟后冷却至室温,制成格氏试剂。
步骤2.在氩气氛围中,向250 mL干燥的三颈瓶中加入7.82 g(23.1 mmol)3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉、0.34 g(0.64 mmol)[Ni(dppp)Cl2]催化剂和80 mL无水四氢呋喃,将步骤1的反应液倒入50 mL滴液漏斗中,然后将其缓慢滴入上述三颈瓶中,滴完后在室温下搅拌2小时,然后加热回流12小时,冷却至室温。加入大量的饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭,用三氯甲烷萃取,有机层用饱和食盐水充分洗涤之后用柱层析(洗脱剂:三氯甲烷)分离,旋干溶剂后得到黄色固体3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉,核磁共振氢谱如图1所示,产率40%,熔点:242-244 ℃。
步骤3.向100 mL单颈瓶中加入0.45 g(1.0 mmol)3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉、0.25 g(1.2 mmol)ZnCl2·4H2O和 50 mL甲醇,加热回流12小时,得到黄色固体3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉氯化锌,产率为61%。其具体结果如图2所示。红外光谱数据:(KBr pellets, n, cm-1): 3450(b), 2926(w), 1647(w), 1602(s), 1521(m), 1448(m), 1371(w), 1290(m), 1257(s), 1211(w), 1184(m), 1122(m), 1033(w), 918(w), 827(m), 750(w), 719(w), 703(w), 578(m), 515(w). 元素分析数据:C26H20Cl2N2O2Zn: C, 59.06; H, 3.81; N, 5.30 %. Found: C, 58.88; H, 3.94; N, 5.26 %.
实施例二
步骤1与步骤2同实施例一。
步骤3:将3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉配成10-4 mol/L溶液,其在乙醇-水溶液中的荧光滴定光谱如图3所示,随着Zn2+含量的增加,溶液在461 nm处的荧光发射强度呈线性增强,当Zn2+含量达到1.2当量时,荧光强度达到最大值。配体的荧光峰在402 nm,相比于配体,配合物发射光谱红移了59 nm。不同金属离子的竞争性实验如图4所示,碱金属离子、碱土金属离子以及部分过渡金属离子均不造成较大干扰。图5为Job曲线,表明在溶液中配体和锌离子呈现出1:1的配合物形态,这与图2晶体结构数据相吻合。将一定量浓度梯度的锌标准溶液加入至配体溶液中,其荧光强度线性减小,推算出其检测限浓度为3.0 × 10?8 mol/L,如图6所示。
以上是本发明的较佳实施例,凡依本发明技术方案所作的改变,所产生的功能作用未超出本发明技术方案的范围时,均属于本发明的保护范围。
Claims (3)
1.一种1,10-菲啰啉衍生物,其特征在于,所述1,10-菲啰啉衍生物为3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉,其结构式如下:
。
2.权利要求1所述1,10-菲啰啉衍生物的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:
(1)向三颈瓶中加入镁屑、无水四氢呋喃和碘,在室温和氩气保护下缓慢搅拌;所述镁屑、无水四氢呋喃、碘的质量比例为106:445:1;将4-溴丙氧基苯溶于无水四氢呋喃中配成浓度为6 mol/L的溶液,缓慢滴加到上述三颈瓶中,保持反应体系处于微沸,滴完后,加热回流30分钟后冷却至室温,制成格氏试剂;所述镁屑和4-溴丙氧基苯的物质的量比为7:5;
(2)另取三颈瓶,向其中加入3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉、[Ni(dppp)Cl2]催化剂和无水四氢呋喃,3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉、[Ni(dppp)Cl2]催化剂与步骤(1)中使用的4-溴丙氧基苯的物质的量比为36:1:96,所述3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉和无水四氢呋喃的质量比例为1:9;在室温和氩气保护下将步骤(1)中制备的格氏试剂倒入滴液漏斗中,然后将其缓慢滴入上述加入3,8-二溴-1,10-菲啰啉的三颈瓶中,滴完后在室温下搅拌2小时,然后加热至沸回流12小时,冷却至室温后,加入饱和氯化铵溶液淬灭,用三氯甲烷萃取,取有机层用饱和食盐水充分洗涤之后采用柱层析分离,洗脱剂采用三氯甲烷,收集洗脱液蒸干溶剂后得到黄色固体,即为所述3,8-双(4-丙氧基苯基)-1,10-菲啰啉。
3.权利要求1所述1,10-菲啰啉衍生物在对锌离子检测方面的应用。
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