CN104889351A - Casting method and casting mould for casting - Google Patents
Casting method and casting mould for casting Download PDFInfo
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- CN104889351A CN104889351A CN201510093654.8A CN201510093654A CN104889351A CN 104889351 A CN104889351 A CN 104889351A CN 201510093654 A CN201510093654 A CN 201510093654A CN 104889351 A CN104889351 A CN 104889351A
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Abstract
The invention provides a casting method for improving surface roughness of casting blanks generated in a casting process and a casting mould for casting. The casting method at least includes: an injection process in which melted alloy is injected in the casting mould provided with slag; a casting blank forming process in which the melted metal is cooled by cooling the casting mould, thereby forming the casting blank having an un-solidified part and a solidified shell arranged at the periphery of the un-solidified, wherein the casting mould at least includes: a mould; a graphite sleeve internally connected to an inner wall of the mould; and a thermal insulation layer formed by a gap between the inner wall and the graphite sleeve and/or thermal insulation materials. The casting blank forming process includes a liquid level position control process in which the liquid level of the melted alloy is controlled within the configuration range of the thermal insulation layer.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to casting method and casting mold, particularly for improving shaggy casting method and the casting molds of strand in casting process.
Background technology
As one of process for producing steel and iron, iron and steel process integration can be listed.Specifically, the technique for such: manufacture molten iron from iron ore in blast furnace, then manufactures molten steel from molten iron in converter, is made the molten steel solidification of the high purity through double refining afterwards by continuous casting.After to the casting piece heating obtained, carry out hot rolling, obtain steel product (non-patent literature 1) through multiple operation afterwards.
Continuous casting process is the method, namely of carrying out the casting that motlten metal is solidified continuously: carry out casting and the method for taking out cakey strand continuously to produce to motlten metal continuously in mold.As the equipment of continuous casting apparatus, have: for distributing the tundish of the motlten metal from casting ladle; For guiding the dipping spray nozzle of motlten metal to mold; Form solidified shell for making motlten metal solidify thus obtain the mold of strand; And the cooling twice band etc. for cooling from the surrounding of solidified shell solidified shell.Adopt continuous casting process, motlten metal can be made to solidify continuously, therefore, it is possible to boost productivity.Further, this continuous casting process to tackle the method for the various metal materials such as iron system, aluminium system, copper system and their alloy.
Preferably, controlling casting process when casting molten alloy, with the segregation preventing the alloy compositions such as generative center segregation, shaped segregation uneven when solidifying, and can micro organization be formed.As one of this control method, the method for controlling the pull-out speed from mold pull-out strand can be listed.By being than usually low speed by pull-out speeds control, thus preventing segregation, the strand being formed with micro organization can be cast.
prior art document
non-patent literature
Non-patent literature 1: Japanese Tanaka and Ming work, " the I く わ up-to-date metal of か Ru basic と bodyguard Group body ", the 1st edition, Co., Ltd.'s show and シ ス テ system, on March 15th, 2013, p.124-125.
In view of described problem points, the object of the present invention is to provide a kind of shaggy casting method for improving strand in casting process and casting molds.
for the scheme of dealing with problems
In order to solve described problem, first the present inventor produces coarse reason to the surface of the strand when casting with low speed and conducts in-depth research.Found that, when use is configured with the mold of slag and makes the pull-out speed of strand for low speed, pull out strand lentamente from mold, in this case, mold is to the excessive heat extraction of molten steel.Particularly, find out: near the border of slag and molten steel, i.e. near the position of molten steel and mold contact, near the meniscus position of namely molten steel, start to form solidified shell, the surface being strand by excessive heat extraction near this produces coarse reason.Based on this result, the present inventor has carried out conscientiously studying for the shaggy method can improving the strand produced when casting with low speed.As a result, the heat insulation layers such as space are set near the border being positioned at slag and molten steel, i.e. near the position of molten steel and mold contact, the heat extraction near meniscus position can be relaxed, solidified shell can be formed lentamente, thus the rough surface of strand can be improved.Further, make the pull-out speed of strand be low speed cast time, utilize the insulation effect of heat insulation layer can increase the mobility of slag.As a result, slag shell filming can be made, the rough surface of the strand obtained can be improved.The present inventor obtains these opinions, thus contemplates the present invention.
That is, casting method of the present invention at least comprises: injection process, in this injection process, is injected by molten alloy and is configured with in the mold of slag; Strand formation process, in this strand formation process, cools described motlten metal by cooling described mold, thus formation has the portion of not solidifying and is positioned at the strand that this does not solidify the solidified shell of the peripheral part in portion, and wherein, described mold at least comprises: mould; Graphite sleeve, is connected to the inwall of this mould in it; Heat insulation layer, it is by the space be configured between described inwall and described graphite sleeve and/or heat-insulating material, described strand formation process comprises liquid level position and controls operation, control, in operation, to carry out controlling to make the liquid level of described molten alloy be positioned at the scope being configured with described heat insulation layer at this liquid level position.
Another technical scheme of the present invention is a kind of casting mold, and this casting mold at least comprises: mould; Graphite sleeve, is connected to the inwall of this mould in it; Heat insulation layer, it is made up of the space be configured between described inwall and described graphite sleeve and/or heat-insulating material.
the effect of invention
Adopt casting method of the present invention and casting mold, the rough surface of the strand produced in casting process can be improved.
Summary of the invention
the problem that invention will solve
But, if make pull-out speed be low speed, then sometimes there is larger coarse of concaveconvex shape on the surface of pulled out strand.When exist so coarse, there will be such problem: produce in ensuing operation, the i.e. manufacturing procedure such as rolling, forging and to split such crackle from jog.Further, there is such situation: the uneven microstructure of coarse part.Therefore, be arranged on before entering ensuing operation and comprise coarse part interiorly to the intermediate step that the surface of strand is cut, but if concaveconvex shape is comparatively large, then cutting output is comparatively large, and causes yield rate to reduce.Therefore, require that the surface by casting the strand obtained is level and smooth as far as possible.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the figure representing casting mold of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is the figure of the casting mold representing the form different from Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the figure of the casting mold representing the form different from Fig. 1, Fig. 2.
Fig. 4 is the figure of the form in the space that casting mold of the present invention is described.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of casting mold of the present invention when casting.
Fig. 6 is the figure in the device cross section representing the vertical-type continuous casting apparatus comprising casting mold of the present invention.
Fig. 7 is the sectional view of the casting mold used in embodiment 1.
Fig. 8 is the figure of the casting mold represented in the past.
Fig. 9 is the outward appearance photo of the strand cast by embodiment 1.
Figure 10 is the outward appearance photo of the strand cast by comparative example 2.
Detailed description of the invention
Below, the gross morphology of casting method of the present invention and casting mold is described in detail.Wherein, the present invention does not limit by the following form that will illustrate.
Casting method of the present invention at least comprises injection process, strand formation process.Described injection process is for molten alloy being injected the operation being configured with the mold of slag.Described injection process be form strand for making molten alloy solidify before operation.
As molten alloy, can apply particularly be difficult to realize micro organization and be difficult to reduce component segregation the tool steel such as cold die steel, hot die steel, high speed tool steel, other high-alloy steel etc., be applied to the alloy of electroslag remelting process (ESR method).Specifically, can be applied to and be main component with iron and there is the casting that carbon is below 3.0 quality %, metallic element beyond iron is the molten alloy of more than 5 quality %, particularly can be applied to the casting that carbon is the molten alloy of the composition of 0.1 quality % ~ 3.0 quality %.
The refinement effect that slag has capture clip foreign material, makes molten alloy desulfurization such, and play such effect: make the surface thermal insulation of the molten alloy in mold, block extraneous air.If consider, these act on, then the thickness of slag can be 20mm ~ 100mm.Slag can be heated by heater block during casting.In addition, slag can use fusing point to be the low melting point slag of 500 DEG C ~ 1400 DEG C.
Described strand formation process is such operation: cooled by described motlten metal by cooling described mold, thus formation has the portion of not solidifying and is positioned at the strand that this does not solidify the solidified shell of the peripheral part in portion.By this operation, can cooling molten metal and obtain strand.
In casting method of the present invention, described mold at least comprises: mould; Graphite sleeve, is connected to the inwall of this mould in it; Heat insulation layer, it is between described inwall and described graphite sleeve.Mould can use the mould with such shape, that is: have the spatial portion of the through along the vertical direction mould that can inject for molten alloy.This is because, molten alloy can be injected from this spatial portion top in mould, and vertically pull out the strand molten alloy be injected into cooling manufactured from this spatial portion bottom, thus manufacture efficiency can be improved.The arbitrary shape of the kind that alloy can be considered for toroidal, polygonal shape etc. in the cross section of mould, the uniformity of solidifying etc.As the material of mould, the iron of excellent heat conductivity, copper etc. can be used.
Graphite has the character not easily reacted with slag.Therefore, make the inwall being connected to mould in the graphite sleeve of processing graphite material, thus the inner surface of graphite sleeve by slag corrosion, can not can obtain the strand of surface smoothing by cooling molten alloy.Preferably, the cross sectional shape of graphite sleeve is the cross sectional shape corresponding with the inner circumferential shape of mould, and the inner surface of graphite sleeve is concordant in the longitudinal direction with the inner surface of mould.If such shape, then can not act on unnecessary stress on formed strand, therefore, it is possible to prevent solidified shell from fracture occurring and makes rough surface.Graphite sleeve there is no need the inwall being connected to mould in the gamut of the spatial portion top of mould to spatial portion bottom, if in be connected to the inwall of mould the border being positioned at slag and molten alloy near, namely with the position of mold contact near part.Such as, if from the spatial portion top of mould to be envisioned for molten alloy liquid level position (meniscus upper surface position) below 100mm scope in connect graphite sleeve.
Heat insulation layer is configured between mould inner wall and graphite sleeve.By being configured to like this, heat insulation layer plays heat insulating function, thus can relax the heat extraction near meniscus position, can form solidified shell lentamente, thus can improve the rough surface of strand.In addition, make the pull-out speed of strand be low speed cast time, utilize the insulation effect of heat insulation layer can guarantee the mobility of slag.As a result, slag shell filming can be made, the rough surface of the strand obtained can be improved.Heat insulation layer can be located at by making a part for the inwall of mould be in the gap that formed of recess shapes, also can be located at by making the part in the face being connected to mould in graphite sleeve be in the gap that formed of recess shapes.Further, heat insulation layer can also be located in the gap formed by all arranging recess shapes at both mould and graphite sleeve.Heat insulation layer there is no need to be set to bottom from the top of graphite sleeve, if near the border being located at slag and molten alloy, namely with the position of mold contact near, near the meniscus position of namely molten alloy.Such as, if certainly be envisioned for molten alloy liquid level the scope of 100mm place, top, position (meniscus upper surface position) to 100mm place below meniscus upper surface position in heat insulation layer is set.Such as when the cross section of mould is circular, heat insulation layer can adopt the ring-type rounded between mould inner wall and graphite sleeve.By adopting such shape, heat extraction can be relaxed equably.In addition, when the cross section of mould is polygonal shape, heat insulation layer can be set to the polygonal shape of the ring-type rounded between mould inner wall and graphite sleeve, in addition, in order to emphasis carries out the heat extraction in bight, also only heat insulation layer can be set in bight.
Described heat insulation layer is made up of space and/or heat-insulating material.Playing heat insulating function when being only made up of space, also playing heat insulating function when being made up of heat-insulating material or being combined into by space and heat-insulating material.When combining space and heat-insulating material, can adopt such as be formed in the gap between graphite sleeve and mould lean on graphite sleeve side that heat-insulating material is set, make by die side be space, the heat insulation layer of insulation material layer and this double-layer structural of void layer.Further, can adopt arranging space by graphite sleeve side, make by die side be heat-insulating material, the heat insulation layer of insulation material layer and this double-layer structural of void layer, the combination heat insulation layer organizing the multi-ply construction of space and heat-insulating material more.In addition, such example can also be listed: only heat-insulating material is set in the first half in gap and make the latter half be space heat insulation layer, only make the first half in gap be space and the heat insulation layer of heat-insulating material be only set in the latter half.
In casting method of the present invention, described casting mould has described structure, in addition, from the viewpoint of cooling effectiveness, can also comprise the cooling-part etc. for cooling die.Such as, cooling water can be used at the water-cooled mold of the inner loop of mould.
In casting method of the present invention, described strand formation process comprises liquid level position and controls operation, controls, in operation, to carry out controlling to make the liquid level of described molten alloy be positioned at the scope being configured with described heat insulation layer at this liquid level position.Namely, by carrying out the scope being provided with the region of heat insulation layer controlling to make the liquid level of molten alloy to be positioned at mold, heat insulation layer plays heat insulating function, thus can relax the heat extraction near meniscus position, solidified shell can be formed lentamente, thus the rough surface of strand can be improved.Arbitrary level control parts can be utilized to control liquid level.
In casting method of the present invention, in described injection process, time per unit injects the injecting height of the described molten alloy of mold, injection rate when namely injecting molten alloy can divide for 0.01m/ ~ and 0.1m/ divides.Even if when the injection rate of molten alloy is divided lower than 0.01m/, also can prevent segregation, can micro organization be formed, but production efficiency reduces.In addition, when the injection rate of molten alloy is divided higher than 0.1m/, sometimes there is segregation.If the injection rate of molten alloy is 0.01m/ divides ~ the 0.1m/ scope of dividing, then and can preventing the segregation that the alloy such as center segregation, shaped segregation composition is uneven when solidifying, can micro organization be formed.
In continuous casing, the injection of molten alloy and the pull-out of strand can be controlled respectively.Wherein, if the pull-out speed of described injection rate and strand has big difference, be then difficult to cast continuously.Therefore, preferably, the injection of molten alloy and the pull-out of strand is controlled with relevance to a certain degree.That is, the described injection rate of preferred molten alloy and the pull-out speed of strand roughly the same.Such as, if be that 0.01m/ timesharing pulls out speed also for 0.01m/ divides in injection rate, then can successfully cast.Wherein, the casting speed of continuous casting is identical with pull-out speed, and divide if pull-out speed is 0.01m/, then casting speed is also for 0.01m/ divides.When casting speed be 0.01m/ divide ~ 0.1m/ divide, cast with low speed.
In casting method of the present invention, the thickness of described heat insulation layer can be 1mm ~ 3mm.When the thickness of heat insulation layer is thinner than 1mm, the effect relaxing heat extraction is less, is sometimes difficult to the rough surface improving strand.In addition, when the thickness of heat insulation layer is thicker than 3mm, the effect relaxing heat extraction is comparatively large, but is suppressed based on the cooling of mold and causes molten alloy to be difficult to cooling, and likely makes the formation of solidified shell go wrong.If the thickness of heat insulation layer is the scope of 1mm ~ 3mm, then can obtain the effect relaxing heat extraction under the prerequisite of cooling effect not affecting mold.At this, when heat insulation layer be by combination space and heat-insulating material form, the thickness of heat-insulating material can be set to 1mm ~ 2mm, make the thickness of remaining heat insulation layer be space.
In casting method of the present invention, described heat-insulating material can be ceramic sheet material.If ceramic sheet material, then insulation effect can be given full play to.
Casting method of the present invention can be continuous casing, except comprising described operation, at least can also comprise pull-out operation, refrigerating work procedure.Described pull-out operation is the operation for being pulled out from described mold by described strand.The strand pulled out by this operation can be cooled in ensuing operation, and can inject motlten metal successively in the mold of taking-up strand.Described refrigerating work procedure is the operation for cooling described strand after described pull-out operation.By this operation, can cooled and solidified shell, and can the portion of not solidifying be cooled and the portion of not solidifying be solidified.Cooling can utilize the cooling devices such as cooling twice band to cool forcibly according to the thermal capacity of the strand obtained, as long as but casting environment under room temperature atmosphere under naturally cool.If comprise the continuous casing of these operations, then can cast molten alloy continuously and manufacture strand.
Casting method of the present invention can tackle the various alloy materials such as iron system, aluminium system and copper series alloy.
Then, casting mold of the present invention is described.Casting mold of the present invention at least comprises: mould; Graphite sleeve, is connected to the inwall of this mould in it; Heat insulation layer, it is between described inwall and described graphite sleeve.Mould can use the mould with such shape, that is: have the spatial portion of the through along the vertical direction mould that can inject for molten alloy.This is because, molten alloy can be injected from this spatial portion top in mould, and vertically pull out the strand molten alloy be injected into cooling manufactured from this spatial portion bottom, thus manufacture efficiency can be improved.The arbitrary shape of the kind that alloy can be considered for toroidal, polygonal shape etc. in the cross section of mould, the uniformity of solidifying etc.As the material of mould, the iron of excellent heat conductivity, copper etc. can be used.
Graphite has the character not easily reacted with slag.Therefore, make the inwall being connected to mould in the graphite sleeve of processing graphite material, thus the inner surface of graphite sleeve by slag corrosion, can not can obtain the strand of surface smoothing by cooling molten alloy.Preferably, the cross sectional shape of graphite sleeve is corresponding mould and the cross sectional shape identical with mould, and the inner surface of graphite sleeve is concordant with the inner surface of mould.If such shape, then can not act on unnecessary stress on formed strand, therefore, it is possible to prevent solidified shell from fracture occurring and makes rough surface.Graphite sleeve there is no need the inwall being connected to mould in the gamut of the spatial portion top of mould to spatial portion bottom, if in be connected to mould inwall be positioned at slag and molten alloy border near, namely with the position of mold contact near part.Such as, if from the spatial portion top of mould to be envisioned for molten alloy liquid level position (meniscus upper surface position) below 100mm scope in connect graphite sleeve.
Heat insulation layer is configured between mould inner wall and graphite sleeve.By being configured to like this, heat insulation layer plays heat insulating function, thus can relax the heat extraction near meniscus position, can form solidified shell lentamente, thus can improve the rough surface of strand.In addition, make the pull-out speed of strand be low speed cast time, utilize the insulation effect of heat insulation layer can increase the mobility of slag.As a result, slag shell filming can be made, the rough surface of the strand obtained can be improved.Heat insulation layer can be located at by making a part for the inwall of mould be in the gap that formed of recess shapes, also can be located at by making the part in the face being connected to mould in graphite sleeve be in the gap that formed of recess shapes.Further, heat insulation layer can also be located in the gap formed by all arranging recess shapes at both mould and graphite sleeve.Heat insulation layer there is no need to be set to bottom from the top of graphite sleeve, if near the border being located at slag and molten alloy, namely with the position of mold contact near, near the meniscus position of namely molten alloy.Such as, if certainly be envisioned for molten alloy liquid level the scope of 100mm place, top, position (meniscus upper surface position) to 100mm place below meniscus upper surface position in heat insulation layer is set.Such as when the cross section of mould is circular, heat insulation layer can adopt the ring-type rounded between mould inner wall and graphite sleeve.By adopting such shape, heat extraction can be relaxed equably.In addition, when the cross section of mould is polygonal shape, heat insulation layer can be set to the polygonal shape of the ring-type rounded between mould inner wall and graphite sleeve, in addition, in order to emphasis carries out the heat extraction in bight, also only heat insulation layer can be set in bight.
Described heat insulation layer is made up of space and/or heat-insulating material.Playing heat insulating function when being only made up of space, also playing heat insulating function when being made up of heat-insulating material or being combined into by space and heat-insulating material.When combining space and heat-insulating material, can adopt such as be formed in the gap between graphite sleeve and mould lean on graphite sleeve side that heat-insulating material is set, make by die side be space, the heat insulation layer of insulation material layer and this double-layer structural of void layer.Further, can adopt arranging space by graphite sleeve side, make by die side be heat-insulating material, the heat insulation layer of insulation material layer and this double-layer structural of void layer, the combination heat insulation layer organizing the multi-ply construction of space and heat-insulating material more.In addition, such example can also be listed: only heat-insulating material is set in the first half in gap and make the latter half be space heat insulation layer, only make the first half in gap be space and the heat insulation layer of heat-insulating material be only set in the latter half.
Casting mold of the present invention has described structure, in addition, from the viewpoint of cooling effectiveness, can also comprise the cooling-part etc. for cooling die.Such as, cooling water can be used at the water-cooled mold of the inner loop of mould.
In casting mold of the present invention, the thickness of described heat insulation layer can be 1mm ~ 3mm.When the thickness of heat insulation layer is thinner than 1mm, the effect relaxing heat extraction is less, is sometimes difficult to the rough surface improving strand.In addition, when the thickness of heat insulation layer is thicker than 3mm, the effect relaxing heat extraction is comparatively large, but is suppressed based on the cooling of mold and causes molten alloy to be difficult to cooling, and likely makes the formation of solidified shell go wrong.If the thickness of heat insulation layer is the scope of 1mm ~ 3mm, then can obtain the effect relaxing heat extraction under the prerequisite of cooling effect not affecting mold.At this, when heat insulation layer is the combination of space and heat-insulating material, the thickness of heat-insulating material can be set to 1mm ~ 2mm, make the thickness of remaining heat insulation layer be space.
In casting mold of the present invention, described heat-insulating material can be ceramic sheet material.If ceramic sheet material, then insulation effect can be given full play to.
Hereinafter, with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiment of casting method of the present invention and casting mold.In this case, the present invention is not limited to the embodiment in accompanying drawing.
Fig. 8 is the figure of the mold represented in the past.(a) of Fig. 8 is the stereogram of mold 101, and mold 101 is moulds 103 of the spatial portion 102 with through along the vertical direction mold 101.(b) of Fig. 8 is the sectional view of mold 101 when casting.In the mold 101 being configured with slag 104, inject molten alloy 105, by cooling die 103, molten alloy 105 is cooled.Thus, with the meniscus position R of molten alloy 105 for starting point forms solidified shell 107 through the mixture 106 of melt and solid phase, thus strand ((b) of Fig. 8) is obtained.Mould is easily by slag corrosion.Therefore, the flatness of the inwall contacted with slag 104 of mould 103 is sometimes damaged.If the inwall of mould is unsmooth, then the easy surface at strand produces coarse.In addition, when casting speed is low speed, become the starting point forming solidified shell molten alloy 105 the excessive heat extraction in meniscus position R place and the surface that becomes strand produces coarse main cause.
Fig. 1 is the figure representing casting mold of the present invention.(a) of Fig. 1 is the stereogram of mold 1-1, and mold 1-1 is the mould 3 of the spatial portion 2 with through along the vertical direction mold 1-1.Graphite sleeve 4 is connected in the inwall of mould 3.(b) of Fig. 1 is the A-A sectional view of the mold 1-1 in Fig. 1 (a).Heat insulation layer 5 is provided with between the inwall and graphite sleeve 4 of mould 3.The inner surface 6 of graphite sleeve 4 is concordant with the inner surface 7 of mould 3.Be connected in graphite sleeve 4 from the spatial portion top 8 of mould 3 to be envisioned for molten alloy liquid level, in scope 10 the below of meniscus upper surface position 9.Heat insulation layer 5 is located in the scope of several up and down cm of meniscus upper surface position 9.(c) of Fig. 1 is the B-B sectional view of the mold 1-1 in Fig. 1 (b).Heat insulation layer 5 is in the quadrangle form ((a) of Fig. 1, (c) of Fig. 1) of the ring-type rounded between the inwall and graphite sleeve 4 of mould 3.
Casting mold of the present invention is except the mold 1-1 that cross section is quadrangle, and can also to be cross section be circular mold 1-2 (Fig. 2), cross section are the mold of the Arbitrary Shape Cross Sections such as hexagonal mold 1-3 (Fig. 3).In addition, heat insulation layer 5 can be located at by making a part for the inwall of mould 3 be in the gap that formed of recess shapes 18 ((a) of Fig. 4), also can be located at by making the part in the face being connected to mould 3 in graphite sleeve 4 be in the gap that formed of recess shapes 19 ((b) of Fig. 4).Further, heat insulation layer can also be located in the gap formed by all arranging recess shapes at both mould 3 and graphite sleeve 4 ((c) of Fig. 4).As long as heat insulation layer is located at counting in the scope of cm up and down of the meniscus upper surface position of molten alloy, ((a) of Fig. 4) optional position such as the lower area 20 ((b) of Fig. 4) of graphite sleeve 4, the middle section 21 of graphite sleeve 4 can be positioned at.
Heat insulation layer 5 is the quadrangle form ((a) of Fig. 1, (c) of Fig. 1) of ring-type, in addition, when the cross section of mould is circular, heat insulation layer 5 can for the ring-type (Fig. 2) rounded between mould inner wall and graphite sleeve.When mould be there is bight, cross section be the mould of polygonal shape, in order to emphasis suppresses the heat extraction in bight, also only heat insulation layer 5 (Fig. 3) can be set in bight.
Fig. 5 is the sectional view of mold 1-1 when casting.In the mold 1-1 being configured with slag 14, inject molten alloy 15, by cooling die 3, molten alloy 15 is cooled.Thus, with the meniscus position R of molten alloy 15 for starting point forms solidified shell 17 through the mixture 16 of melt and solid phase, thus strand (Fig. 5) is obtained.At the meniscus position R of molten alloy 15, make the inwall being connected to mould 3 in the graphite sleeve 4 that not easily reacts with slag 14, thus the flatness of strand is improved.And, make heat insulation layer 5 be positioned near the meniscus position R of molten alloy 15, can heat extraction be relaxed thus and form solidified shell 17 lentamente, thus the rough surface of strand can be improved.
Fig. 6 is the figure in the device cross section representing the vertical-type continuous casting apparatus comprising casting mold of the present invention.Illustrated continuous casting apparatus 30 comprises: tundish 32, and it is for keeping molten alloy 31; Water cooling mold 33, it is iron; Lowering or hoisting gear 35, it is for vertically pulling out the strand 34 declined from the bottom of water cooling mold 33; Cooling twice band 36, it is for cooling the strand 34 pulled out from water cooling mold 33; Nozzle 39, it is located at the bottom of tundish 32, injects for making molten alloy 31 water cooling mold 33 being configured with slag 38 as flow of molten metal 37; Block piece 40, it contacts with extraneous air for blocking molten alloy 31; And slag powered electrode 41.The molten alloy 31 kept in tundish 32 is injected water cooling mold 33 by from nozzle 39.The molten alloy 31 being injected into water cooling mold 33 is cooled because being injected into water cooling mold 33, thus becomes solid phase 52 from melt 50 further through the mixture 51 of melt and solid phase.Formed and be lifting device 35 by the strand 34 of the solidified shell becoming solid phase 52 because water cooling mold 33 cools and pull out from water cooling mold 33 and be cooled.
Water cooling mold 33 is provided with graphite sleeve 42 in upper inside wall, and is provided with heat insulation layer 43 between inwall and graphite sleeve 42.In addition, in water cooling mold 33, be provided with the cooling space 44 of Cooling Water circulation.
As mentioned above, adopt casting method of the present invention and casting mold, the rough surface of the strand produced in casting process can be improved.
[embodiment]
Below, by illustrating that embodiment etc. specifically describes the present invention, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments etc.
[embodiment 1]
The continuous casting apparatus 30 shown in Fig. 6 is used to cast.Wherein, slag powered electrode 41 is not used.In tundish 32, keep molten alloy 31, in the water cooling mold 33 of the slag 38 with the composition shown in table 1 that to be configured with thickness be 50mm, inject molten alloy 31, cast.Molten alloy uses the steel grade suitable with Japanese JIS SKD11.The component list of motlten metal shows in table 2.The temperature of molten alloy is set to 1500 DEG C, the injection rate of molten alloy is controlled to divide at 0.02m/, casting speed is equivalent to 0.02m/ and divides (20mm/ divides) thus, carries out in the case casting until length becomes 3m.
The sectional view of the water cooling mold 33 used in embodiment 1 represents in the figure 7.Water cooling mold is for casting the square strand of 400mm, and inner shape is vertical 400mm, horizontal 400mm, length 400mm.Top 200mm part inwall to be provided with around in 4 side's inwalls mode of a week graphite sleeve 42 that thickness is 8mm.By make the outer wall of graphite sleeve 42, in be connected to the part in the face of mould to be formed as recess shapes around 4 side's outer walls mode of a week, and in the bottom than graphite sleeve, the position rational height of 30mm is 40mm by the top, thickness is the gap of 2mm, is that the ceramic sheet material of 1mm is wound in this gap by thickness.Thus, be provided with such heat insulation layer: be configured with the potsherd sheet material layers 53 that thickness is 1mm in graphite sleeve side, and be configured with in die side the void layer 54 that thickness is 1mm.
In order to the meniscus position R at molten alloy 31 plays the heat extraction alleviation effects of heat insulation layer, carry out controlling with the middle position making liquid level be located at the upper end height of position, the i.e. heat insulation layer of 20mm on the lower than heat insulation layer.
[table 1]
Slag composition (quality %)
| CaO | Al 2O 3 | CaF 2 | SiO 2 |
| 40 | 16 | 10 | 34 |
[table 2]
Motlten metal composition (quality %)
| Steel grade | C | Si | Mn | Cr | Mo | V | Fe |
| SKD11 | 1.50 | 0.30 | 0.40 | 12.0 | 1.0 | 0.3 | Bal. |
[comparative example 1]
As shown in Figure 8, the mold of graphite sleeve and heat insulation layer will be not set as water cooling mold, make that other conditions are identical with the condition of embodiment 1 casts.
The outward appearance photo of the strand obtained by the casting method of embodiment 1 is represented in fig .9.As shown in Figure 9, the rough surface of the strand obtained by the casting method of embodiment 1 is improved.On the other hand, be there is casting and leak and cannot strand be obtained in the strand obtained by the casting method of comparative example 1.
[embodiment 2]
In example 2, quickening casting speed is cast and is compared the larger strand in embodiment 1 cross section.
Use and have the slag 38 of the composition shown in table 3, the injection rate of molten alloy controlled to divide at 0.03m/, casting speed is equivalent to 0.03m/ and divides thus, casts 400 minutes with this.At following explanation water cooling mold.Other conditions adopt the condition identical with embodiment 1.
The sectional view of the water cooling mold 33 used in embodiment 2 represents in the figure 7.For casting, minor face is 400mm to water cooling mold, long limit is the strand of 600mm, and inner shape is vertical 400mm, horizontal 600mm, length 400mm.Top 200mm part inwall to be provided with around in 4 side's inwalls mode of a week graphite sleeve 42 that thickness is 8mm.By make the outer wall of graphite sleeve 42, in be connected to the part in the face of mould to be formed as recess shapes around 4 side's outer walls mode of a week, and in the bottom than graphite sleeve, the position rational height of 30mm is 40mm by the top, thickness is the gap of 2mm, is that the ceramic sheet material of 1mm is wound in this gap by thickness.Thus, be provided with such heat insulation layer: be configured with the potsherd sheet material layers 53 that thickness is 1mm in graphite sleeve side, and be configured with in die side the void layer 54 that thickness is 1mm.
In order to the meniscus position R at molten alloy 31 plays the heat extraction alleviation effects of heat insulation layer, carry out controlling with the middle position making liquid level be positioned at the upper end height of position, the i.e. heat insulation layer of 20mm on the lower than heat insulation layer.
[table 3]
Slag composition (quality %)
| CaO | Al 2O 3 | CaF 2 | SiO 2 |
| 30 | 15 | 25 | 30 |
[comparative example 2]
As shown in Figure 8, the mold of graphite sleeve and heat insulation layer will be not set as water cooling mold, make that other conditions are identical with the condition of embodiment 2 casts.
Similarly to Example 1, the casting method of embodiment 2 is adopted also can to obtain the improved strand of rough surface.On the other hand, the outward appearance photo of the strand obtained by the casting method of comparative example 2 represents in (a) of Figure 10, and the close up photos on surface represents in (b) of Figure 10.As shown in Figure 10, confirm: the strand that the casting method by comparative example 2 is obtained, in whole length range in the casting direction there is the concavo-convex of muscle shape in ((a) of Figure 10) and bight ((b) of Figure 10), and the surface of strand occurs coarse.
According to above content, space is set near the border of slag and molten steel, i.e. near the position of molten steel and mold contact, the heat extraction near meniscus position can be relaxed.As a result, confirm: by forming solidified shell lentamente, thus the rough surface of the strand when casting with low speed can be improved.
utilizability in industry
Adopt the present invention, can improve the rough surface of the strand produced in casting process, be therefore industrially useful.
description of reference numerals
1-1, mold; 1-2, mold; 1-3, mold; 2, spatial portion; 3, mould; 4, graphite sleeve; 5, heat insulation layer; 6, the inner surface of graphite sleeve; 7, the inner surface of mould; 8, the spatial portion top of mould; 9, meniscus upper surface position; 10, the scope from spatial portion top to below meniscus upper surface position of mould 3; 14, slag; 15, molten alloy; 16, the mixture of melt and solid phase; 17, solidified shell; 18, the recess shapes of the inwall of mould; 19, the recess shapes of graphite sleeve; 20, the lower area of graphite sleeve; 21, the middle section of graphite sleeve; 30, continuous casting apparatus; 31, molten alloy; 32, tundish; 33, water cooling mold; 34, strand; 35, lowering or hoisting gear; 36, cooling twice band; 37, flow of molten metal; 38, slag; 39, nozzle; 40, block piece; 41, slag powered electrode; 42, graphite sleeve; 43, heat insulation layer; 44, cooling space; 50, melt; 51, the mixture of melt and solid phase; 52, solid phase; 53, potsherd sheet material layers; 54, void layer; 101, mold; 102, spatial portion; 103, mould; 104, slag; 105, molten alloy; 106, the mixture of melt and solid phase; 107, solidified shell; R, meniscus position.
Claims (7)
1. a casting method,
This casting method at least comprises:
Injection process, in this injection process, injects molten alloy and is configured with in the mold of slag;
Strand formation process, in this strand formation process, cools described molten alloy by cooling described mold, thus formation has the portion of not solidifying and is positioned at the strand that this does not solidify the solidified shell of the peripheral part in portion,
Wherein,
Described mold at least comprises: mould; Graphite sleeve, is connected to the inwall of this mould in it; Heat insulation layer, it is made up of the space be configured between described inwall and described graphite sleeve and/or heat-insulating material,
Described strand formation process comprises liquid level position and controls operation, controls, in operation, to carry out controlling to make the liquid level of described molten alloy be positioned at the scope being configured with described heat insulation layer at this liquid level position.
2. casting method according to claim 1, wherein,
In described injection process, injection rate when injecting described molten alloy be 0.01m/ divide ~ 0.1m/ divides.
3. according to casting method according to claim 1 or claim 2, wherein,
The thickness of described heat insulation layer is 1mm ~ 3mm.
4. according to the casting method in claim 1 ~ claim 3 described in any one, wherein,
Described heat-insulating material is ceramic sheet material.
5. a casting mold, wherein,
This casting mold at least comprises: mould; Graphite sleeve, is connected to the inwall of this mould in it; Heat insulation layer, it is made up of the space be configured between described inwall and described graphite sleeve and/or heat-insulating material.
6. casting mold according to claim 5, wherein,
The thickness of described heat insulation layer is 1mm ~ 3mm.
7. according to claim 5 or casting mold according to claim 6, wherein,
Described heat-insulating material is ceramic sheet material.
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| AT504574B1 (en) * | 2006-11-15 | 2009-08-15 | Inteco Special Melting Technol | METHOD OF ELECTRIC SLACKING METHODS OF MELTING METALS |
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| CN104889351B (en) | 2018-02-06 |
| JP6435810B2 (en) | 2018-12-12 |
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