CN104174817A - Casting and heat-treating processes of climbing machine connecting seat of ocean platform - Google Patents
Casting and heat-treating processes of climbing machine connecting seat of ocean platform Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN104174817A CN104174817A CN201410416477.8A CN201410416477A CN104174817A CN 104174817 A CN104174817 A CN 104174817A CN 201410416477 A CN201410416477 A CN 201410416477A CN 104174817 A CN104174817 A CN 104174817A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- casting
- ocean platform
- connection block
- heat
- machine connection
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Abstract
The invention discloses casting and heat-treating processes of a climbing machine connecting seat of an ocean platform. The casting and heat-treating processes comprise casting head design, casting process control and a heat-treating process, wherein the casting head design comprises arrangement of a casting system and a casting head; the casting system comprises a pouring cup, a sprue and an ingate which are communicated; the ingate is introduced along a tangent line; the casting head comprises three open risers which are the same in structure and size; the casting process control comprises control of filling size, casting temperature and casting time, cleaning of sand and flame cutting on the dead head after casting; and the heat-treating process comprises normalizing and tempering pretreatment, and quenching and tempering. In the manner, the gating system disclosed by the invention only utilizes the dead head, a chilling block does not need to be arranged, the casting process is simplified, the casting cost is reduced, the casting can be fully fed through the dead head, meanwhile, the casting is subjected to heat treatment, the casting stress can be removed, the mechanical property of the casting is improved, and thus, the technical requirements of ABS on steel castings of the ocean platform are met.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to metal casting technical field, particularly relate to a kind of ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block.
Background technology
Heavy castings due to its size and volume excessive, in industry, generally all adopt sand to cast, but sand casting can not reach the dimensional accuracy of hot investment casting, and the surface quality of foundry goods is poor, precision is low, in casting process, easily crack, the critical defect such as pore, sand holes, Internal Quality of Cast is difficult to ensure.In order to improve dimensional accuracy, the mechanical property of foundry goods, Technology for Heating Processing is also very crucial simultaneously.
When sand casting heavy castings, in casting die, generally to subsidy, chill be set in conjunction with rising head, complex process, casting cost is high.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem that the present invention mainly solves is: for the deficiencies in the prior art, the casting and the Technology for Heating Processing that provide a kind of ocean platform to climb machine Connection Block, foundry goods only use rising head carry out feeding, without chill is set, simplify casting technique, reduce casting cost, can carry out abundant feeding to foundry goods by rising head, foundry goods has been heat-treated simultaneously, eliminate casting stress, improve the internal quality of casting and mechanical property.
For solving the problems of the technologies described above, the technical scheme that the present invention adopts is: the casting and the Technology for Heating Processing that provide a kind of ocean platform to climb machine Connection Block, comprising: dead head design, Pouring control and Technology for Heating Processing;
Described cast Feeder Design: comprise running gate system and casting rising head is set, described running gate system comprises cup, sprue, the ingate of mutual perforation, and the diameter of described sprue is 60mm, described ingate tangent line is introduced; Described casting rising head comprises 3 open risers that structure is identical, size is equal, and described open riser is distributed on ocean platform and climbs in the thickest bottom head covers of machine Connection Block wall;
Described Pouring control: cast ZG35Gr1Mo material is smelted the molten steel forming, orifice diameter is 50mm, pouring temperature is 1540-1560 DEG C, be 20-25s the duration of pouring, after cast 1h, obtains Connection Block foundry goods, foundry goods is incubated to 24 hours in sand mo(u)ld, then open riser is excised in sand removal again, adopts the heat mode of cutting to excise open riser, and heat is cut temperature and is not less than 200 DEG C;
Described Technology for Heating Processing: comprise that normalizing adds tempering pretreatment and modifier treatment, first described Connection Block foundry goods is carried out to normalizing and add tempering pretreatment: normalizing is warming up to 600 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated processing, temperature retention time is 1 hour; Continue to be warming up to 880 ± 10 DEG C and be incubated processing, temperature retention time is 4 hours; Air cooling is warming up to 620 ± 10 DEG C to tempering after room temperature and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 3 hours; Cooling to 300 DEG C with the furnace comes out of the stove below; And then described Connection Block foundry goods is carried out to modifier treatment: normalizing is warming up to 860 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated, and temperature retention time is 4 hours; The cooling rear tempering of oil quenching is warming up to 620 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 6 hours; Being chilled to 550 DEG C with stove comes out of the stove.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, described open riser is oval cylindricality, and it is of a size of: waist circular 200mm × 350mm(height).Open riser Sizes, makes the liquid state that has enough molten steel to supplement foundry goods in open riser shrink and solidify the volume of feeding and the rear die cavity expansion of cast.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in casting process, in the time that liquid steel level rises to the 1/2-2/3 of described open riser height, in open riser, add heat preserving agent, each open riser adds heat preserving agent 2kg.Add heat preserving agent and keep the liquid time for extending open riser molten steel, improve the feeding efficiency of rising head, and can save molten steel consumption, reduction casting cost.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in described Technology for Heating Processing, normalizing, tempering programming rate≤120 DEG C/h.Control programming rate, can improve thermal effectiveness, eliminate casting stress, the stable dimensions of foundry goods and improve the mechanical performance of foundry goods.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: running and feeding system of the present invention adopts 3 open risers, without placing chill, simplify casting technique, reduced casting cost, can carry out abundant feeding to foundry goods by rising head, ingate tangent line is introduced simultaneously, make pour steel in running channel, produce rotation, postpone the heating open riser time, be conducive to feeding and consecutive solidification, can effectively prevent the casting defects such as shrinkage cavity and porosity, crackle and distortion; After casting, again foundry goods is heat-treated, can eliminate casting stress, improve the internal quality of casting and mechanical performance.
Brief description of the drawings
The climb structural representation of machine Connection Block foundry goods of Fig. 1 ocean platform;
Fig. 2 is the climb casting technique top view of machine Connection Block of ocean platform;
Fig. 3 is the A-A cutaway view shown in Fig. 2;
In accompanying drawing, the mark of each parts is as follows: 1, bottom end face, 2, open riser, 3, sprue, 4, cup.
Detailed description of the invention
Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, preferred embodiment of the present invention is described in detail, thereby so that advantages and features of the invention can be easier to be it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that, protection scope of the present invention is made to more explicit defining.
Refer to Fig. 1, Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, the embodiment of the present invention comprises:
Ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block, comprising: dead head design, Pouring control and Technology for Heating Processing;
Described cast Feeder Design: comprise running gate system and casting rising head is set, described running gate system comprises cup 4, sprue 3 and the ingate of mutual perforation, the diameter of described sprue 3 is 60mm, described ingate tangent line is introduced, make pour steel in running channel, produce rotation, postpone to add the hot riser time, be conducive to feeding and consecutive solidification; Described casting rising head comprises 3 open risers that structure is identical, size is equal 2, and described open riser 2 is distributed on ocean platform and climbs in the thickest bottom head covers of machine Connection Block wall, can carry out abundant feeding to foundry goods by rising head;
Described Pouring control: the molten steel that the melting of cast ZG35Gr1Mo material forms, orifice diameter is 50mm, pouring temperature is 1540-1560 DEG C, and be 20-25s the duration of pouring, after cast 1h, obtain the ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs, foundry goods is incubated to 24 hours in sand mo(u)ld, and then open riser 2 is excised in sand removal again, adopts the heat mode of cutting to excise, and heat is cut temperature and is not less than 200 DEG C, cause casting crack in order to avoid produce rising head root stress raisers;
Described Technology for Heating Processing: comprise that normalizing adds tempering pretreatment and modifier treatment, first the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out normalizing and adds tempering pretreatment: normalizing is warming up to 600 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 1 hour; Continue to be warming up to 880 ± 10 DEG C and be incubated processing, temperature retention time is 4 hours; Air cooling is warming up to 620 ± 10 DEG C to tempering after room temperature and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 3 hours; Cooling to 300 DEG C with the furnace comes out of the stove below; And then the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out to modifier treatment: normalizing is warming up to 860 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated, and temperature retention time is 4 hours; The cooling rear tempering of oil quenching is warming up to 620 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 6 hours; Being chilled to 550 DEG C with stove comes out of the stove.Described Technology for Heating Processing is used for eliminating casting stress, stablizes casting dimension, improves the internal soundness of foundry goods simultaneously, improves the mechanical property of foundry goods.
Wherein, described open riser 2 is oval cylindricality, and it is of a size of: waist 200mm × 350mm(height), open riser 2 Sizes, make the liquid state that has enough molten steel to supplement foundry goods in open riser 2 shrink and solidify feeding and pour into a mould the volume that rear die cavity expands.
In casting process, in the time that liquid steel level rises to the 1/2-2/3 of described open riser height, in open riser 2, add heat preserving agent, each open riser 2 adds heat preserving agent 2kg.Add heat preserving agent and keep the liquid time for extending open riser 2 molten steel, improve the feeding efficiency of rising head, and can save molten steel consumption, reduction casting cost.
In described Technology for Heating Processing, normalizing, tempering programming rate≤120 DEG C/h.Control programming rate, can improve thermal effectiveness, eliminate casting stress, the stable dimensions of foundry goods and improve the mechanical performance of foundry goods.
Embodiment mono-:
Ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block, first arrange running gate system and open riser by above-mentioned requirements;
Then use pouring molten steel moulding: cast ZG35Gr1Mo material is smelted the molten steel forming, orifice diameter is 50mm, pouring temperature is 1540 DEG C, and be 20s the duration of pouring, when molten steel rises to described open riser height 1/2 time, in each open riser, respectively add 2kg heat preserving agent, after cast 1h, obtain the ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs, foundry goods is incubated to 24 hours in sand mo(u)ld, open riser 2 is cut in sand removal after heat, and it is 200 DEG C that heat is cut temperature;
Finally foundry goods is heat-treated: comprise that normalizing adds tempering pretreatment and modifier treatment, first the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out normalizing and adds tempering pretreatment: normalizing is warming up to 600 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 1 hour; Continue to be warming up to 870 DEG C and be incubated processing, temperature retention time is 4 hours; Air cooling is warming up to 620 DEG C to tempering after room temperature and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 3 hours; Cooling to 300 DEG C with the furnace comes out of the stove below; And then the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out to modifier treatment: normalizing is warming up to 850 DEG C and is incubated, and temperature retention time is 4 hours; The cooling rear tempering of oil quenching is warming up to 620 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 6 hours; Being chilled to 550 DEG C with stove comes out of the stove.
Embodiment bis-:
Ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block, first arrange running gate system and open riser by above-mentioned requirements;
Then use pouring molten steel moulding: the molten steel that the melting of cast ZG35Gr1Mo material forms, orifice diameter is 50mm, pouring temperature is 1550 DEG C, and be 23s the duration of pouring, when molten steel rises to described open riser height 1/2 time, in each open riser, respectively add 2kg heat preserving agent, after cast 1h, obtain the ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs, foundry goods is incubated to 24 hours in sand mo(u)ld, open riser 2 is cut in sand removal after heat, and it is 200 DEG C that heat is cut temperature;
Finally foundry goods is heat-treated: comprise that normalizing adds tempering pretreatment and modifier treatment, first the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out normalizing and adds tempering pretreatment: normalizing is warming up to 590 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 1 hour; Continue to be warming up to 880 DEG C and be incubated processing, temperature retention time is 4 hours; Air cooling is warming up to 610 DEG C to tempering after room temperature and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 3 hours; Cooling to 300 DEG C with the furnace comes out of the stove below; And then the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out to modifier treatment: normalizing is warming up to 860 DEG C and is incubated, and temperature retention time is 4 hours; The cooling rear tempering of oil quenching is warming up to 630 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 6 hours; Being chilled to 550 DEG C with stove comes out of the stove.
Embodiment tri-:
Ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block, first arrange running gate system and open riser by above-mentioned requirements;
Then use pouring molten steel moulding: cast ZG35Gr1Mo material is smelted the molten steel forming, orifice diameter is 50mm, pouring temperature is 1560 DEG C, and be 25s the duration of pouring, when molten steel rises to described open riser height 2/3 time, in each open riser, respectively add 2kg heat preserving agent, after cast 1h, obtain the ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs, foundry goods is incubated to 24 hours in sand mo(u)ld, open riser 2 is cut in sand removal after heat, and it is 230 DEG C that heat is cut temperature;
Finally foundry goods is heat-treated: comprise that normalizing adds tempering pretreatment and modifier treatment, first the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out normalizing and adds tempering pretreatment: normalizing is warming up to 610 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 1 hour; Continue to be warming up to 890 DEG C and be incubated processing, temperature retention time is 4 hours; Air cooling is warming up to 630 DEG C to tempering after room temperature and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 3 hours; Cooling to 300 DEG C with the furnace comes out of the stove below; And then the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out to modifier treatment: normalizing is warming up to 870 DEG C and is incubated, and temperature retention time is 4 hours; The cooling rear tempering of oil quenching is warming up to 610 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 6 hours; Being chilled to 550 DEG C with stove comes out of the stove.
The present invention has disclosed a kind of ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block, foundry goods only adopt 3 open risers, without place chill, simplify casting technique, reduced casting cost, can carry out abundant feeding to foundry goods by rising head, ingate tangent line is introduced simultaneously, make pour steel in running channel, produce rotation, postpone the heating open riser time, be conducive to feeding and consecutive solidification, can effectively prevent the casting defects such as shrinkage cavity and porosity, crackle and distortion; After casting, again foundry goods is heat-treated, can eliminate casting stress, improve the internal quality of casting and mechanical performance.The ocean platform making by this technique climb machine Connection Block foundry goods mechanical performance meet: yield strength >=490MPa, tensile strength >=690 MPa, percentage elongation >=11%, the contraction percentage of area >=25% ,-20 DEG C of φ impact value AKV >=21J, hardness 200 ~ 220HB.
The foregoing is only embodiments of the invention; not thereby limit the scope of the claims of the present invention; every equivalent structure or conversion of equivalent flow process that utilizes description of the present invention and accompanying drawing content to do; or be directly or indirectly used in other relevant technical fields, be all in like manner included in scope of patent protection of the present invention.
Claims (4)
1. ocean platform casting and the Technology for Heating Processing for machine Connection Block of climbing, is characterized in that, comprising: dead head design, Pouring control and Technology for Heating Processing;
Described dead head design: comprise running gate system and casting rising head is set, described running gate system comprises cup, sprue, the ingate of mutual perforation, and the diameter of described sprue is 60mm, and described ingate tangent line is introduced; Described casting rising head comprises 3 open risers that structure is identical, size is equal, and described open riser is distributed on ocean platform and climbs in the thickest bottom head covers of machine Connection Block wall;
Described Pouring control: the molten steel that the melting of cast ZG35Gr1Mo material forms, orifice diameter is 50mm, pouring temperature is 1540-1560 DEG C, be 20-25s the duration of pouring, after cast 1h, obtains the ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs, foundry goods is incubated to 24 hours in sand mo(u)ld, then open riser is excised in sand removal again, adopts the heat mode of cutting to excise open riser, and heat is cut temperature and is not less than 200 DEG C;
Described Technology for Heating Processing: comprise that normalizing adds tempering pretreatment and modifier treatment, first the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out normalizing and adds tempering pretreatment: normalizing is warming up to 600 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 1 hour; Continue to be warming up to 880 ± 10 DEG C and be incubated processing, temperature retention time is 4 hours; Air cooling is warming up to 620 ± 10 DEG C to tempering after room temperature and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 3 hours; Cooling to 300 DEG C with the furnace comes out of the stove below; And then the described ocean platform machine Connection Block foundry goods that climbs is carried out to modifier treatment: normalizing is warming up to 860 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated, and temperature retention time is 4 hours; The cooling rear tempering of oil quenching is warming up to 620 ± 10 DEG C and is incubated processing, and temperature retention time is 6 hours; Being chilled to 550 DEG C with stove comes out of the stove.
2. ocean platform according to claim 1 casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block of climbing, is characterized in that, described open riser is oval cylindricality, and it is of a size of: waist circular 200mm × 350mm(height).
3. ocean platform according to claim 1 casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block of climbing, it is characterized in that, in casting process, in the time that liquid steel level rises to the 1/2-2/3 of described open riser height, in open riser, add heat preserving agent, each open riser adds heat preserving agent 2kg.
4. ocean platform according to claim 1 casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block of climbing, is characterized in that, in described Technology for Heating Processing, and normalizing, tempering programming rate≤100 DEG C/h.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410416477.8A CN104174817B (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2014-08-22 | A kind of ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410416477.8A CN104174817B (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2014-08-22 | A kind of ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN104174817A true CN104174817A (en) | 2014-12-03 |
| CN104174817B CN104174817B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
Family
ID=51956321
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201410416477.8A Active CN104174817B (en) | 2014-08-22 | 2014-08-22 | A kind of ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN104174817B (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109082513A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-25 | 新乡市长城铸钢有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment process of large size pump case |
| CN112872297A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-06-01 | 兰州高压阀门有限公司 | Stepped feeding casting process for large-scale profile section casting |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS603941A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1985-01-10 | Asahi Malleable Iron Co Ltd | Casting method of cylindrical body |
| CN103212672A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-07-24 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Method for casting low speed diesel engine cylinder cap for large cylinder diameter boat |
| CN103878312A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | 江苏华东风能科技有限公司 | Novel casting and pouring system for conical support casting of wind driven generator |
-
2014
- 2014-08-22 CN CN201410416477.8A patent/CN104174817B/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS603941A (en) * | 1983-06-21 | 1985-01-10 | Asahi Malleable Iron Co Ltd | Casting method of cylindrical body |
| CN103878312A (en) * | 2012-12-19 | 2014-06-25 | 江苏华东风能科技有限公司 | Novel casting and pouring system for conical support casting of wind driven generator |
| CN103212672A (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2013-07-24 | 马钢(集团)控股有限公司 | Method for casting low speed diesel engine cylinder cap for large cylinder diameter boat |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109082513A (en) * | 2018-09-12 | 2018-12-25 | 新乡市长城铸钢有限公司 | A kind of heat treatment process of large size pump case |
| CN112872297A (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2021-06-01 | 兰州高压阀门有限公司 | Stepped feeding casting process for large-scale profile section casting |
| CN112872297B (en) * | 2020-12-25 | 2023-04-25 | 兰州高压阀门有限公司 | Stepped feeding casting process for large-sized profile section casting |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104174817B (en) | 2016-05-11 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN104889350B (en) | Round steel ingot mould and round ingot manufacture method | |
| CN104174819B (en) | The climb casting technique of machine third-level planetary frame of a kind of ocean platform | |
| CN104195448B (en) | Casting alloy material and the technique casting ocean platform canine tooth roller box foundry goods with it | |
| CN204035526U (en) | Casting mould | |
| CN105750515A (en) | Small-capacity master alloy casting system | |
| CN104827000B (en) | A kind of casting method of gear ring | |
| CN105081277A (en) | Low-pressure casting process of metal aluminium ring | |
| CN104999037A (en) | Concreting system for thin-walled cylindrical part and precision casting formation method | |
| CN105195681A (en) | Large ship propeller casting technology | |
| CN103121081B (en) | Method for integrally casting heavy-duty high-horsepower diesel locomotive bogie | |
| CN202398784U (en) | Cast sand mould | |
| CN104226915A (en) | Casting method of hollow shaft and casting mold | |
| CN104174820B (en) | A kind of ocean platform climbs the casting technique of machine secondary planet frame | |
| CN104174816B (en) | Casting die and the casting technique of ocean platform zero defect pinion stand | |
| CN104174817B (en) | A kind of ocean platform climb casting and the Technology for Heating Processing of machine Connection Block | |
| CN204770502U (en) | Water -cooling hub die | |
| CN102259164A (en) | System and method for pouring flywheel of automobile | |
| CN102886496A (en) | Casting feeding method and device | |
| CN202527690U (en) | Solidification system for manufacturing magnesium alloy casting ingot | |
| CN203764893U (en) | Casting mould for hollow camshaft | |
| CN102784889A (en) | Casting method of complex-structure ductile iron thin-wall casting of ship turbocharger | |
| CN204747433U (en) | Round steel ingot mould | |
| CN106563780B (en) | The continuous cast method of high alloy tool steel large round billet in a kind of medium high carbon | |
| CN106563771B (en) | Engine cylinder body cold-box and casting method | |
| CN104439147A (en) | Method for treating casting contraction cavities |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| C06 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
| GR01 | Patent grant |