A kind of high relief gold and silver ingot processing technology
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of gold and silver processing technology, particularly relate to a kind of processing of high relief gold and silver ingot, belong to noble metal processing technology field.
Background technology
In recent years, there is blowout in the market sale of bullion and silver noble metal products, from gold bar silver bar, gold coin silver coin, money money to the various products of special-shaped specification, is all subject to the favor of consumer.
In special-shaped product, gold and silver ingot is outshined othersOne branch of the tree is particularly thriving especially, due to inside the cultural tradition of China, gold and silver ingot implied meaning wealth, wealth and rank, luckiness and happy, after this launch products, in nearly one-year age, supply falls short of demand, bank just can take product after placing an order and will waiting until one month, consumer needs to make a reservation for just can take product, and processing charges are expensive.
The traditional manufacturing technique method of gold and silver ingot is exactly hot investment casting, this technique is applied widely inside jewelry manufacture field, gold and silver ingot, at the Development and Trial initial stage, is all adopt the method for lost wax casting and cold extrusion casting technique to realize when making sample and small lot batch manufacture.
Wherein, the technological process of wax-pattern casting is: wax-beat powder-dewax mould-cast-hold mould-polishing.In lost wax casting production technology, just need casting wax-pattern owing to often processing a product, and wax-pattern partially recycled utilization only, greatly cause the waste of material and process-cycle to extend; The quality of product is extremely difficult to be controlled, and percent defective is higher; Inevitably make motlten metal have the long period to contact with air in the casting cycle of especially silver dollar treasured, increase existing pore, shrinkage cavity, sand holes etc., directly affect product attractive in appearance.
And cold extrusion technical process for casting is: casting-thick pressure-pressure-sizing-hold mould-polishing.In cold extrusion casting production process, die life is very low, and after processing tens or several products, mould is cracking at once, and material wastage rate is very big; In product pressing process, repeatedly need anneal, cause product surface very dirty, greatly have impact on product appearance; In production process, mould easily bursts, and potential safety hazard factor is very big; Frock is very heavy, and framed weight weighs half ton.
Visible, traditional processing technology shortcoming mainly comprises the following aspects: (1) production cycle is long; (2) noble metal loss is high; (3) auxiliary consumptive material consumption is large; (4) labour intensity is very big; (5) yield rate is extremely low; (6) production environment is poor; (7) product weight is wayward; (8) production efficiency is low; (9) product surface quality is poor.
For this reason, now in the urgent need to studying brand-new technical method to realize the large-scale production processing of large grammes per square metre gold-silver ornaments product.
Summary of the invention
The present invention is directed to the deficiencies in the prior art such as traditional ingot product processes production efficiency is low, unstable product quality, labor strength are large, yield rate is low; a kind of high relief gold and silver ingot processing technology is provided; for pintongs mould machine-made die hot extrusion one-shaping technique; overcome former craft precision not high; high relief is unintelligible; the defects such as production efficiency is low, make the application of noble metal products on large grammes per square metre is produced feasible.
The technical scheme that the present invention solves the problems of the technologies described above is as follows: a kind of high relief gold and silver ingot processing technology, for adopting ingot processing mold to carry out hot extrusion to stock, obtaining the high relief gold and silver article of ingot-shaped, comprising the following steps:
1) version is played: design ingot style;
2) making of mould: according to ingot style correspondence design ingot processing mold, described ingot processing mold comprises die body 1, support baseboard 2 and pressure head 3, and described die body 1 comprises interior modular ring 11 and outer modular ring 12; Described interior modular ring 11 is surrounded by the tile mould lobe 111 of four pieces of splits, and middle part forms ingot cavity 112; Described interior modular ring 11 is sleeved in described outer modular ring 12; The below of described die body 1 is provided with described support baseboard 2, described support baseboard 2 comprises and ejects base plate 21 and base ring 22, the described base plate 21 that ejects is sleeved in described base ring 22, ejects base plate 21 below described interior modular ring 11 described in correspondence, corresponding described base ring 22 below described outer modular ring 12; Described outer modular ring 12 and described base ring 22 are respectively equipped with corresponding bolt hole; Described pressure head 3 is provided with above described die body;
3) mould assembling: on hydraulic press, aforementioned ingot processing mold is assembled, described hydraulic press is upper top formula hydraulic press, comprise frame 4, described frame 4 comprises between upper plate 41, lower roof plate 42, described upper and lower top board and is provided with column 43, described lower roof plate 42 is provided with hydraulic press fixed head 5, described frame 4 is also fixed with squeeze cylinder 6, and the piston of described squeeze cylinder 6 is fixedly connected with described lower roof plate 42; Described oil pressure fixed head 5 center is provided with through hole 51, is provided with demoulding liftout tank 7 in described through hole 51, and the oil cylinder of described demoulding liftout tank 7 is fixed on described lower roof plate 42, and the piston of described demoulding liftout tank 7 is fixedly connected with the described base plate 21 that ejects; Described ingot processing mold is fixed on described hydraulic press fixed head 5 by bolt 8;
4) sawing sheet: silver bullion or gold bullion are made and cuts square taper stock;
5) hot extrusion: after stock is heated to recrystallization temperature, is placed in the ingot cavity of die body by the stock after heating, is placed in by pressure head after above blank and carries out hot extrusion; The demoulding after hot extrusion, obtains ingot semi-finished product;
6) following process: finishing ingot surface, obtains ingot finished product.
The present invention is the first Application of Hot-extrusion at gold and silver manufacture field, has prepared a kind of high relief gold and silver ingot in conjunction with assembly jig.Ingot processing method of the present invention, directly to crude green body Precision forging, product processing technique changes heat stamping and shaping technology into by traditional casting process, solves the problem of a special-shaped product demoulding difficult problem, reaches quality " striking resemblances ".
On the basis of technique scheme, the present invention can also do following improvement.
Further, step 2) making of described mould the moon of being included in the inner surface design forming high relief decorative pattern of ingot mould carves.
Further, described pressure head is provided with corresponding convex-concave structure concavo-convex with ingot upper end ship type.
Further, the outer wall of described interior modular ring is that funnel-form tilts, funnel suitable for reading large lower young, and the angle of inclination of interior modular ring outer wall and vertical direction are 1 ~ 5 ° of angle; The inwall of described outer modular ring tilts in the funnel-form corresponding with interior modular ring outer wall.
Further, the angle of inclination of described interior modular ring outer wall and vertical direction are 1.6 ° of angles.
Further, step 4) described blank, the upper bottom surface of its section of square taper is rectangle and is parallel to each other; Front and back sides is trapezoidal and is parallel to each other, and left and right side is rectangle.
Further, step 5) be: after stock is heated to recrystallization temperature, the stock after heating is placed in the ingot cavity of die body, pressure head is placed in above blank; Then the piston of squeeze cylinder is lifted described hydraulic press fixed head and is moved up to the upper plate that pressure head arrives to hydraulic press and carry out hot extrusion; Hot extrusion terminates the rear demoulding; after the piston supporting oil press fixed head of squeeze cylinder moves downwardly to original position; be positioned at eject demoulding liftout tank below base plate by its piston by eject base plate and on modular ring eject, in dismounting modular ring mould lobe after, take out ingot semi-finished product.
Further, step 5) described in hot extrusion step in, silver-colored stock is heated to the recrystallization temperature of 570 ~ 600 DEG C, or, golden stock is heated to the recrystallization temperature of 700 ~ 750 DEG C.
Further, step 6) in, the following process of shoe-shaped gold ingot is comprised and holds mould and press polish, the following process of silver dollar treasured is comprised and holds mould and polishing.
Describedly hold mould, for frustrating batch cutting edge of a knife or a sword formed by mould seam crossing in pressing process with file; Then make it mellow and full smooth with sand paper finishing ingot surface.
The present invention is directed to the machining characteristics of gold, silver, select hardness is high, toughness is large hot-die steel material as the raw material making ingot mould, first with fine turning lathe, fining-off is carried out to it, then carry out precision with digital-controlled carving machine and carve.By parameter adjustment and process modification, the small character that embossment carves is clear, fine and smooth and be rich in third dimension.
Second aspect present invention discloses the application of aforementioned high relief gold and silver ingot processing technology in large grammes per square metre gold-silver ornaments processing.
Further, described large grammes per square metre gold-silver ornaments is the gold ornaments of 200 ~ 1000g quality, or the Silver Jewelry of 100 ~ 1000g quality.
This processing technology adopts pintongs mould three-dimensional mold on the one hand, can enhance productivity, saves material, reduce costs, can ensure certain crudy again; On the other hand, during punching press, pintongs mould three-dimensional mold ensure that the size and shape precision of stamping products, solves the casting surface oxidation of product and surperficial sand hole, the constant product quality stamped out, attractive in appearance.
The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: the features such as high relief gold and silver ingot processing technology of the present invention is irregular for gold and silver ingot product design, pattern is complicated, the cold, hot pressure structure change of gold and silver material; application pintongs mould machine-made die hot extrusion one-shot forming technique; overcome former craft precision not high; high relief is unintelligible; the defects such as production efficiency is extremely low; production efficiency improves more than 10 times simultaneously, produces the gold, silver ingot product meeting customer demand, and realizes super large batch production.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the obverse and reverse schematic appearance of ingot;
Fig. 2 is ingot side schematic appearance;
Fig. 3 is structural representation after hydraulic press assembling ingot processing mold;
Fig. 4 is modular ring plan structure schematic diagram;
Fig. 5 is mould assembling structure schematic diagram figure;
Fig. 6 is the top view photograph of die body in ingot processing mold;
Fig. 7 is the photo of pressure head in ingot processing mold;
Fig. 8 is ingot turned blank structural representation.
Accompanying drawing marks: 1. die body, 2. support baseboard, 3. pressure head; 4. frame, 5. hydraulic press fixed head, 6. squeeze cylinder; 7. demoulding liftout tank, 8. bolt, modular ring in 11.; 12. outer modular rings, 111. mould lobes, 112. ingot cavitys; 21. eject base plate, 22. base rings, 41. upper plates; 42. lower roof plates, 43. columns, 51. through holes.
Detailed description of the invention
Be described principle of the present invention and feature below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, example, only for explaining the present invention, is not intended to limit scope of the present invention.
Table 1 process equipment
Numbering |
Title material |
Specifications and models |
Unit |
Quantity |
1 |
Lathe |
CA61150B/A |
Platform |
1 |
2 |
Engraving machine |
SB2830/285 |
Platform |
2 |
3 |
Archie Xia meter Er slow wire feeding machine |
CUT200 |
Platform |
1 |
4 |
Ultrasonic wave grinder |
GMJ24 PS121-US121 |
Platform |
2 |
5 |
Punch press |
CIN-45 |
Platform |
1 |
6 |
Punch press |
CW-60 |
Platform |
1 |
7 |
Hydraulic press |
CMH-200E1A |
Platform |
1 |
8 |
Hydraulic press |
YSK-200BS |
Platform |
1 |
9 |
Hydraulic press |
YSK-300BS |
Platform |
1 |
10 |
Horizontal caster |
RMJ/H 025 |
Platform |
1 |
The processing of embodiment 1 shoe-shaped gold ingot
1. processing method
The making of mould: design ingot processing mold, and at the inner surface design forming high relief decorative pattern of ingot processing mold; Described ingot processing mold as shown in figs. 4-7, comprises die body 1, support baseboard 2 and pressure head 3, and described die body 1 comprises interior modular ring 11 and outer modular ring 12; Described interior modular ring 11 is surrounded by the tile mould lobe 111 of four pieces of splits, and middle part forms ingot cavity 112; Described interior modular ring 11 is sleeved in described outer modular ring 12; The below of described die body 1 is provided with described support baseboard 2, described support baseboard 2 comprises and ejects base plate 21 and base ring 22, the described base plate 21 that ejects is sleeved in described base ring 22, ejects base plate 21 below described interior modular ring 11 described in correspondence, corresponding described base ring 22 below described outer modular ring 12; Described outer modular ring 12 and described base ring 22 are respectively equipped with corresponding bolt hole; Described pressure head 3 is provided with above described die body.
Mould is assembled: assemble ingot processing mold on hydraulic press, described hydraulic press is upper top formula hydraulic press, comprise frame 4, described frame 4 comprises between upper plate 41, lower roof plate 42, described upper and lower top board and is provided with column 43, described lower roof plate 42 is provided with hydraulic press fixed head 5, described frame 4 is also fixed with squeeze cylinder 6, and the piston of described squeeze cylinder 6 is fixedly connected with described lower roof plate 42; Described oil pressure fixed head 5 center is provided with through hole 51, is provided with demoulding liftout tank 7 in described through hole 51, and the oil cylinder of described demoulding liftout tank 7 is fixed on described lower roof plate 42, and the piston of described demoulding liftout tank 7 is fixedly connected with the described base plate 21 that ejects; Described ingot processing mold is fixed on described hydraulic press fixed head 5 (as shown in Figure 3) by bolt 8.
Sawing sheet: gold bullion is made and cuts a square taper stock (as shown in Figure 8), to go to the bottom * height * thickness according to trapezoidal upper base *, the specification of different quality blank is as follows:
1) 200 grams of 25*28*36*10 (mm);
2) 500 grams of 27*31*38*18.6 (mm);
3) 1000 grams of 33*44*56*23.7 (mm).
Hot extrusion: golden stock is heated to 700-750 DEG C.Golden stock after heating is placed in die body, pressure head is placed in after above die body and carries out hot extrusion; After hot extrusion, the demoulding obtains high relief shoe-shaped gold ingot.
Hydraulic press work speed is 120mm/s, and pressure arranges as follows:
1) 200 grams of golden 30-60 tons;
2) 500 grams of golden 70-90 tons;
3) 1000 grams of golden 90-100 tons.
Subsequent treatment: first, frustrates batch cutting edge of a knife or a sword formed by mould seam crossing in pressing process with file; Make it mellow and full smooth with sand paper refacing; Then, with a press polish press polish ingot surface, its surface-brightening is made.2. production performance index
1) processing technology of the present invention is compared with traditional handicraft, output increased 10 times in same time;
2) almost without defective products, product percent of pass is up to 98%;
3) the gold ornaments proportion of goods damageds are reduced to 0.005% by original 0.01%, and production cost is reduced to 0.05 yuan/g by 0.10 yuan/g.
Method of the present invention realizes the precious manufacture craft of silver dollar by development processing mold and makes the transition: change compacting into by casting, about basic working procedure is reduced to 5 current roads by 10 multiple tracks in past, namely plays version-making oil pressure mould-molten silver-sawing sheet-compacting.And the product that ingot mould pressing process of the present invention is produced has good looking appearance, steady quality, compact structure without features such as cavity, dimensional standard unifications compared with the product that traditional handicraft is produced.
The product quality comparatively casting process produced, compact structure, inner nothing cavity, surface are without sand hole.Comparatively traditional handicraft decreases 50% in operation, and follow-up mould of holding improves work efficiency 20%, press polish raising work efficiency 30%.
The processing of embodiment 2 silver dollar treasured
1. processing method
The making of mould: design ingot processing mold, and at the inner surface design forming high relief decorative pattern of ingot processing mold; Described ingot processing mold as shown in figs. 4-7, comprises die body 1, support baseboard 2 and pressure head 3, and described die body 1 comprises interior modular ring 11 and outer modular ring 12; Described interior modular ring 11 is surrounded by the tile mould lobe 111 of four pieces of splits, and middle part forms ingot cavity 112; Described interior modular ring 11 is sleeved in described outer modular ring 12; The below of described die body 1 is provided with described support baseboard 2, described support baseboard 2 comprises and ejects base plate 21 and base ring 22, the described base plate 21 that ejects is sleeved in described base ring 22, ejects base plate 21 below described interior modular ring 11 described in correspondence, corresponding described base ring 22 below described outer modular ring 12; Described outer modular ring 12 and described base ring 22 are respectively equipped with corresponding bolt hole; Described pressure head 3 is provided with above described die body.
Mould is assembled: assemble ingot processing mold on hydraulic press, described hydraulic press is upper top formula hydraulic press, comprise frame 4, described frame 4 comprises between upper plate 41, lower roof plate 42, described upper and lower top board and is provided with column 43, described lower roof plate 42 is provided with hydraulic press fixed head 5, described frame 4 is also fixed with squeeze cylinder 6, and the piston of described squeeze cylinder 6 is fixedly connected with described lower roof plate 42; Described oil pressure fixed head 5 center is provided with through hole 51, is provided with demoulding liftout tank 7 in described through hole 51, and the oil cylinder of described demoulding liftout tank 7 is fixed on described lower roof plate 42, and the piston of described demoulding liftout tank 7 is fixedly connected with the described base plate 21 that ejects; Described ingot processing mold is fixed on described hydraulic press fixed head 5 (as shown in Figure 3) by bolt 8.
Sawing sheet: gold bullion is made and cuts a square taper stock (as shown in Figure 8), to go to the bottom * height * thickness according to trapezoidal upper base *, the specification of different quality blank is as follows:
1) 100 grams of 24*29*30*13 (mm);
2) 200 grams of 30*36*38*16 (mm);
3) 500 grams of 42*50*52*20 (mm);
4) 1000 grams of 50*66*62*26 (mm).
Hot extrusion: silver-colored stock is heated to 570-600 DEG C.Silver-colored stock after heating is placed in die body, pressure head is placed in after above die body and carries out hot extrusion; After hot extrusion, the demoulding obtains high relief silver dollar treasured.
Hydraulic press work speed 120mm/s, pressure arranges as follows:
Subsequent treatment: first, frustrates batch cutting edge of a knife or a sword formed by mould seam crossing in pressing process, makes it mellow and full smooth with sand paper (sand paper is rolled onto on loop wheel machine) refacing with file; Then, with polishing machine polishing ingot surface, its surface-brightening (polish cloth turbine) is made.
2. production result
1. compared with traditional handicraft, with output increased in the time 10 times.
2., almost without defective products, product percent of pass is up to 98%.
3. the Silver Jewelry proportion of goods damageds are reduced to 0.6% by original 1.5%, and production cost is reduced to 0.025 yuan/g by 0.05 yuan/g.
Conclusion:
New technology of the present invention saves reverse mould wax, the large auxiliary material of land plaster one, and new technology adds hydraulic press, mould, but saves the equipment such as die reversing machine, vacuum machine, mixer, cleaning machine, torch stove.
2 tons, pan ingot per year, the precious 15 tons of calculating of silver dollar: year can save production cost: 2 × 10
6× 0.05+15 × 10
6× 0.025=1375000 unit; Loss reducing (by price of gold 350 yuan of/gram of calculating): 2 × 10
6× 0.005% × 350+15 × 10
6× 0.9% × 7=980000 unit.Only these two add up to year to increase economic benefit about 235.5 ten thousand yuan.
Technique of the present invention expands the production scale of noble metal handicraft, makes noble metal manufacturing technology create qualitative leap.By the noble metal products of mould punching explained hereafter abnormity, labyrinth, can be enterprise and bring higher economic and social benefit, there is very high promotional value.
The foregoing is only preferred embodiment of the present invention, not in order to limit the present invention, within the spirit and principles in the present invention all, any amendment done, equivalent replacement, improvement etc., all should be included within protection scope of the present invention.