CN104885481A - 电磁骨骼传导听力设备 - Google Patents

电磁骨骼传导听力设备 Download PDF

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CN104885481A
CN104885481A CN201380035558.7A CN201380035558A CN104885481A CN 104885481 A CN104885481 A CN 104885481A CN 201380035558 A CN201380035558 A CN 201380035558A CN 104885481 A CN104885481 A CN 104885481A
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杰弗里·博尔
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Vibrant Med El Hearing Technology GmbH
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    • A61N1/18—Applying electric currents by contact electrodes
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Abstract

描述了一种用于骨骼传导听力植入体的外部组件。外部壳体用于在植入的骨传导听力换能器上方固定地附接在听觉植入体患者的皮肤上。电磁驱动线圈装置固定在所述外部壳体内，用于传导电流以产生电磁驱动信号。附接磁体装置通过柔性的弹簧装置被悬挂于该外部壳体，并且磁性地耦接于所述驱动线圈装置和所植入的骨骼传导换能器内相应的植入体磁体装置。所述电磁驱动信号磁性地与所述附接磁体装置相互作用，该附接磁体装置以通过在该弹簧装置上的振动以及磁性地与该植入体磁体装置相互作用做出反应，以通过该所植入的骨骼传导听力换能器生成骨骼传导振动信号，以作为声音被患者所感知。

Description

电磁骨骼传导听力设备
本申请要求2012年7月9日提交的美国临时专利61/669,161的优先权，通过引用将其并入本文。
技术领域
本发明涉及医学植入体，并且更具体地，涉及新颖的骨传导听力植入体系统。
背景技术
正常的耳朵如图1所示将声音通过外耳101传送到鼓膜102，其移动中耳103的听小骨，这使耳蜗104的卵圆窗106和圆窗107膜振动。耳蜗104是关于其轴大约两圈半转数的螺旋形缠绕的长窄管。耳蜗104形成具有被称为蜗轴的中心的垂直的螺旋圆锥体，蜗神经105的螺旋神经节细胞位于其内。响应于接收到由中耳103传送的声音，充满液体的耳蜗104起到换能器的作用，以生成由蜗神经105向脑传送的电脉冲。
当将外部声音转换成沿着耳蜗的神经基质的有意义的动作电位的能力方面存在问题时，听力受损。为了改善受损的听力，已经发展了听觉修复术。例如，当损伤与中耳的作用有关时，常规的助听器或者中耳植入体可以用于向听觉系统以放大声音的形式提供声学-机械刺激。或者当损伤与耳蜗相关联时，具有植入的刺激电极的耳蜗植入体可以用由沿着电极分布的多个电极触点传送的小的电流电刺激听觉神经组织。
中耳植入体采用将声音转换成中耳103的机械振动的电磁换能器。线圈绕组通过附接装置被保持固定到中耳103内的不振动的结构，并且麦克风信号电流被传递到线圈绕组，以生成电磁场。磁体被附接到中耳103内的听小骨，以便该磁体的磁场与线圈的磁场相互作用。磁体响应于磁场的相互作用而振动，引起中耳103的骨骼的振动。参见美国专利6,190,305，通过引用将其并入本文。
美国专利公布20070191673(通过引用并入本文)描述了另一种类型的可植入的听力修复术系统，其使用骨骼传导来将音频信号传递到耳蜗，以用于具有传导或者混合的传导/感觉神经听力损失的人的声音感知。植入的浮块换能器(FMT)被粘附到颅骨的颞骨。响应于外部生成的电音频信号，该FMT将机械刺激信号耦接到颞骨，以用于通过骨骼传导传递给耳蜗，用于作为声音信号被感知。
发明内容
本发明的实施例包括用于骨骼传导听力植入体的外部组件。外部壳体在植入的骨骼传导听力传感器上方固定地附在听力植入体患者的皮肤上。电磁驱动线圈装置被安装在外部壳体内，用于传导电流以产生电磁驱动信号。附接磁体装置通过柔性的弹簧装置被悬挂于外部壳体，并且磁性地耦接于驱动线圈装置和所植入的骨骼传导换能器内相应的植入体磁体装置。电磁驱动信号磁性地与附接磁体装置相互作用，该附接磁体装置以通过在弹簧装置上的振动以及磁性地与植入体磁体装置相互作用做出反应，以通过所植入的骨骼传导听力换能器生成骨骼传导振动信号，以作为声音被患者所感知。
同时还存在用于生成电磁驱动线圈的电驱动信号的信号处理器。该信号处理器可以被封装在外部壳体内，或者被封装在与外部壳体分离且连接到外部壳体的信号处理器壳体内。同时还存在用于向信号处理器产生音频输入信号的至少一个感测麦克风。
附接磁体装置可以基于悬挂在驱动线圈装置内并被其围绕的圆柱形磁体。或者，该附接磁体装置可以悬挂在外部壳体内、在驱动线圈装置下面。该附接磁体装置可以包括具有第一磁场方向的第一磁体和具有与第一磁场方向相反的第二磁场方向的第二磁体。例如，第一磁体可以是内部的圆柱磁体，并且第二磁体可以是外部的环形磁体。
本发明的实施例还包括具有根据前述任意一个的外部组件的听觉植入体系统。
附图说明
图1示出了典型的人耳的解剖结构。
图2示出了根据本发明另一实施例的外部组件的各种结构元件。
图3示出了根据另一个实施例的外部组件的各种结构元件。
图4示出了根据另一个实施例的外部组件的各种结构元件。
图5示出了根据另一个实施例的可植入的骨骼传导换能器的各种结构元件。
具体实施方式
传统的骨骼传导植入体装置未必最佳地采用所使用的相对大质量的磁体。本发明的实施例旨在提供用于骨骼传导听力植入体的外部组件，其更好地利用了所涉及的惯性质量。
图2示出了外部组件200的各种结构元件，该外部组件200具有外部壳体201，该外部壳体201在所植入的骨骼传导听力换能器205上方固定地附接在听力植入体患者的皮肤上。所植入的换能器205通过骨骼附接螺丝209固定地附接于患者的颅骨。将电磁驱动线圈装置203固定在外部壳体201内，用于传导电流来为所植入的听力换能器205产生电磁驱动信号(通过外部信号处理器而生成，未示出)。通过柔性弹簧装置204将圆柱形附接磁体202悬挂于外部壳体201。圆柱形附接磁体202还被驱动线圈装置203环绕并且磁性地耦接到驱动线圈装置203，并且该圆柱形附接磁体202磁性地耦接到所植入的骨骼传导换能器205内相应的中心植入体磁体207。外环磁体208围绕内部的中心植入体磁体207并且具有相反的磁场极性，其最小化所植入的换能器205的净磁场。
来自驱动线圈装置203的电磁驱动信号磁性地与附接磁体装置202相互作用，该附接磁体装置202以通过在弹簧装置204上的振动以及磁性地与中心植入体磁体207相互作用做出反应，以通过所植入的换能器205生成骨骼传导振动信号，以作为声音通过颅骨被患者所感知。附接磁体装置202的磁场和外环磁体208并不显著地相互作用。
为驱动线圈装置203产生电磁驱动信号的信号处理器可以被封装在外部壳体201内，或者其可以被包含在单独的信号处理器壳体内，并且电连接于外部壳体201。还可以至少存在一个感测麦克风，用于产生音频输入信号到该信号处理器。
图3示出了根据另一个实施例的外部组件300的各种结构元件，其中附接磁体装置包括中心圆柱形附接磁体302和围绕该内部圆柱形附接磁体302的外环附接磁体3021。中心圆柱形附接磁体302的磁场方向和外环附接磁体3021彼此相反。图3中的所植入的换能器305具有小的中心植入体磁体307和磁极片装置，该磁极片装置包括位于植入体磁体307顶上的外部的极片308，以及径向地围绕植入体磁体307的外部极片310。
来自驱动线圈装置303的电磁驱动信号磁性地与中心圆柱形附接磁体302和外环附接磁体3021构成的附接磁体装置相互作用，其在弹簧装置304上振动并磁性地与植入体磁体307和包括308和310的极片相互作用，以通过所植入的换能器305生成骨骼传导振动信号，以作为声音通过颅骨被患者感知。
图4示出了外部组件400的另一个实施例的各种结构元件，其具有两个磁性相反的附接磁体4021和4022，其被弹簧装置404悬挂在外部壳体401内，在驱动线圈装置403的下面。所植入的换能器405包括两个相应的植入体磁体4071和4072，同样将植入体磁体4071和4072布置为具有在磁性上相反方向的磁场。再一次，植入体磁体4071和4072的相反的磁场极性最小化所植入的换能器405的净磁场。
来自驱动线圈装置403的电磁驱动信号磁性地与在磁性上相反的附接磁体4021和4022的附接磁体装置相互作用，附接磁体4021和4022在弹簧装置404上振动，并且磁性地与植入体磁体4071和4072相互作用以通过所植入的换能器405生成骨骼传导振动信号，以作为声音通过颅骨被患者所感知。
虽然上文描述了具有悬挂在壳体内的附接磁体的外部组件，还可以类似地采用植入体磁体的惯性质量将植入体磁体悬挂在植入体换能器壳体内。例如，图5示出了根据一个特定的此种实施例的可植入的骨骼传导换能器505的各种结构元件。在这个实施例中，通过植入体弹簧装置511将中心植入体磁体507悬挂在所植入的骨骼传导换能器505内，植入体弹簧装置511也连接到围绕内部的中心植入体磁体507的外环植入体磁体508并且具有相反的磁场极性，其最小化所植入的换能器505的净磁场。
在图5所示的特定实施例中，外部组件500不使用弹簧装置(虽然其可以使用)，然而作为替代地其可以具有围绕内部的中心附接磁体502的外环磁体5021，外环磁体5021具有对应于所植入的传感器505的磁场极性相反的磁场极性，以最佳化磁场的相互作用。来自驱动线圈装置503的电磁驱动信号磁性地与在磁性上相反的外环磁体5021和内部的中心附接磁体502的附接磁体装置相互作用，内部的中心附接磁体502磁性地与植入体磁体507和508相互作用，以通过所植入的换能器505生成骨骼传导振动信号，以作为声音通过颅骨被患者所感知。
在具有相应尺寸和几何结构置换的磁体的现有的产品中，或者用于所植入的磁体和/或外部磁体可以容易和直接地实现诸如上面描述的那些本发明的实施例。实施例可以有效地包含永磁材料和/或铁磁材料以及其他结构的材料。这些无限制地包括诸如Fe3O4，BaFe12O19等的磁性铁氧体材料，诸如塑料粘合的永久磁粉的混合材料，和/或诸如烧结的NdFeB，SmCo等的烧结材料。合适的材料和布置的选择可以帮助避免或者降低不想要的涡流。
虽然已经公开了本发明的不同的示例性实施例，对本领域技术人员来说应该显而易见的是可以作出能实现本发明的一些优势的各种变化和修改，而不会脱离本发明的实际范围。

Claims (10)

1.一种用于骨骼传导听力植入体的外部组件，该组件包括：
外部壳体，所述外部壳体用于在植入的骨骼传导听力换能器上方固定地附接在听力植入体患者的皮肤上；
电磁驱动线圈装置，所述电磁驱动线圈装置固定在所述外部壳体内，用于传导电流以产生电磁驱动信号；以及
附接磁体装置，附接磁体装置通过柔性的弹簧装置被悬挂于所述外部壳体，并且磁性地耦接于所述驱动线圈装置和所植入的骨骼传导换能器内相应的植入体磁体装置；
其中所述电磁驱动信号磁性地与所述附接磁体装置相互作用，所述附接磁体装置以通过在所述弹簧装置上的振动以及磁性地与所述植入体磁体装置相互作用做出反应，以通过所植入的骨骼传导听力换能器生成骨骼传导振动信号，以作为声音被患者所感知。
2.根据权利要求1所述的外部组件，进一步包括：
信号处理器，所述信号处理器用于生成用于所述电磁驱动线圈装置的电驱动信号。
3.根据权利要求2所述的外部组件，其中所述信号处理器被封装在所述外部壳体内。
4.根据权利要求2所述的外部组件，其中所述信号处理器被封装在与所述外部壳体分离且连接到所述外部壳体的信号处理器壳体内。
5.根据权利要求2所述的外部组件，进一步包括：
至少一个感测麦克风，所述至少一个感测麦克风用于产生音频输入信号到所述信号处理器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的外部组件，其中所述附接磁体装置基于悬挂在所述驱动线圈装置内并被所述驱动线圈装置围绕的圆柱形磁体。
7.根据权利要求1所述的外部组件，其中所述附接磁体装置悬挂在所述外部壳体内、在所述驱动线圈装置下方。
8.根据权利要求1所述的外部组件，其中所述附接磁体装置包括具有第一磁场方向的第一磁体以及具有与所述第一磁场方向相反的第二磁场方向的第二磁体。
9.根据权利要求8所述的外部组件，其中所述第一磁体是内部的圆柱磁体并且所述第二磁体是外环磁体。
10.一种听力植入体系统，所述听力植入体系统具有根据权利要求1-9中任意一项的外部组件。
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