CN104876658B - A kind of bioenergy heat preserving method of organic waste winter fermentation - Google Patents
A kind of bioenergy heat preserving method of organic waste winter fermentation Download PDFInfo
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- CN104876658B CN104876658B CN201510271409.1A CN201510271409A CN104876658B CN 104876658 B CN104876658 B CN 104876658B CN 201510271409 A CN201510271409 A CN 201510271409A CN 104876658 B CN104876658 B CN 104876658B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
- Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse
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Abstract
A kind of bioenergy heat preserving method of organic waste winter fermentation, its step are：It is divided into interior room and mistress's two parts in container, interior room is main fermenting cellar, and mistress is bioenergy moist closet, and the outside of mistress is coated with heat-insulation layer；Filler of the filling for cryophile fermentation heat production in bioenergy moist closet；Pending organic waste is put into main fermentation room, fermentation reaction while cryophile after activation is added in bioenergy moist closet, and cryophile nutrient solution and filler are stirred into rear enclosed reactor progress main fermentation room and bioenergy moist closet；When the temperature of bioenergy moist closet no longer rises and declined, change the filler of bioenergy moist closet, a part is as next batch backflow inoculation in the filler of taking-up, remaining is fermented as raw material input main fermentation room, main fermentation room periodically carries out material and turns oxygen supply, after material fermentation terminates, carry out material and change development next batch fermentation.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of bioenergy heat preserving method of fermentation of organic waste winter, belong to agriculture environmental protection and grind
Study carefully field.
Background technology
As economic constantly development and the raising of living standards of the people, the yield of organic waste are also growing day by day.
Whether organic waste, which obtains rational processing, will affect the change of ecological environment and the physical condition of the mankind, mesh
Before, the yield of national cities and towns organic solid castoff is about 1.9 hundred million tons, and wherein nearly more than 100,000,000 tons of discarded object is straight
Connect and be poured into environment, cause serious harmful effect.If develop the reasonable use of organic waste, it will become
Huge potential resource.To organic waste carry out Composting treatment, on the one hand can realize organic waste it is innoxious, subtract
Quantization and recycling, made a great contribution to build good ecological environment；On the other hand, Composting treatment can promote cities and towns
Expanding economy, it is a kind of reasonable disposal options being widely recognized as.Compost is that (nature is widely distributed using indigenous microorganism
Bacterium, actinomyces, the microorganism such as fungi) or artificial infection agent, artificially promote biodegradable organic matter to stable
The process of humus biochemical conversion, the product of compost can be used as fertilizer to apply into soil.At present, composting technology extensively should
A Pinch technology during is that temperature is generally below 10 DEG C, has a strong impact under China's winter arctic weather environment
The normal growth of microorganism and the performance of activity, compost is set the phenomenon that fermentation starting is slow, heap temperature easily reduces occur.It is existing
In the stage, to solve this technical barrier, most of is the temperature needed using external heat source supply compost reactor operation, but this
Kind method is higher to equipment requirement, and cost input is big, and because the nonuniform heating of external heat source can make composting production quality
It is deteriorated, moreover, in northern China rural economy and undeveloped, seriously polluted, integrated management is more difficult, can be with so finding one kind
The method that low stain, Low investment, low-risk and the manageability carried out extensively administer rural area organic solid castoff is extremely urgent.
In a word, organic waste is continuity discharge throughout the year, solves house refuse, fowl and animal excrement, rubbish from cooking
Winter fermentation problem Deng these organic wastes is the core technology that compost is widely used in cities and towns.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide a kind of bioenergy heat preserving method of fermentation of organic waste winter, biology is utilized
Heat caused by normal growth metabolism gives main fermentation room temperature raising and maintaining under cryophile cryogenic conditions in energy moist closet, ensures
The compost reactor trouble-free operation under cold environment in the winter time.
To achieve the above object, the bioenergy heat preserving method of organic waste winter fermentation provided by the invention, it is walked
Suddenly it is：
(1) integral type fermentation of organic wastes reactor is built：
One container is embedded in blocking material and the inside of the container is divided into interior room and mistress's two parts, and interior room is organic waste
Thing carries out the main fermentation room of fermentation reaction, and mistress is the bioenergy moist closet of cryophile fermentation, there is provided interior room winter is sent out
Temperature needed for ferment, the outside of mistress are coated with heat-insulation layer, prevent scattering and disappearing for bioenergy moist closet heat；
(2) filler of bioenergy moist closet is added：
Filler of the filling for cryophile fermentation heat production in bioenergy moist closet；
(3) fermentation reaction：
Pending organic waste is put into main fermentation room, the cryophile after activation is added into bioenergy protects
In greenhouse, and cryophile nutrient solution and filler are stirred into rear enclosed reactor and carry out main fermentation room and biological energy source
The fermentation reaction while moist closet of source；
(4) fermentation raw material is changed：
When the temperature of bioenergy moist closet no longer rises and the when of decline, the filler of bioenergy moist closet is changed, is taken
A part is as next batch backflow inoculation in the filler gone out, and remaining is fermented as raw material input main fermentation room, main fermentation
Room periodically carries out material and turns oxygen supply, after material fermentation terminates, carries out material and changes development next batch fermentation.
In described bioenergy heat preserving method, container is various known dynamics and static fermenting cellar.
In described bioenergy heat preserving method, the blocking material in container mixes material, woven bag or non-woven bag for brick.
In described bioenergy heat preserving method, the filler of bioenergy moist closet is rich in carbohydrate, protein, starch
In one or several kinds of Organic waste compositions.
In described bioenergy heat preserving method, the filler of bioenergy moist closet accounts for bioenergy moist closet space
50%-70%, the particle diameter of filler is 10mm-20mm.
In described bioenergy heat preserving method, the cryophile after activation refers to that viable count reaches 108-109cfu/
ML, the dosage of cryophile are the 0.5-1% of filler dry weight.
In described bioenergy heat preserving method, organic waste is all degradable organic wastes.
In described bioenergy heat preserving method, fermentation reaction is aerobic or anaerobic fermentation.
In described bioenergy heat preserving method, biology is changed when less than 15 DEG C are down at a temperature of bioenergy moist closet
The filler of energy moist closet.
Had the beneficial effect that possessed by the present invention：
The method of the present invention adheres to low stain, Low investment, low-risk and manageable three low one easy theory, overcomes
Cold districts temperature too low the problem of making During High-Temperature Composting not carry out, or it is complicated with equipment during external heat source heat supply,
Costly problem.Low-temperature epitaxy is resistant to using cryophile and main fermentation indoor organic waste compost needs are provided
Temperature, it ensure that the trouble-free operation of compost reactor under cold conditions.And worked well with temperature raising and maintaining, equipment processing
Simply, energy-conserving and environment-protective, the advantages of cost is cheap and easily operated, can be widely applied in the fermentation of organic waste winter.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 be the present invention Simple integrated static state fermentation of organic wastes structure of reactor schematic diagram, Figure 1A therein
It is top view, Figure 1B is profile.
Fig. 2 is the integral type dynamic fermentation of organic wastes structure of reactor schematic diagram of the present invention.
Fig. 3 is the integral type static state fermentation of organic wastes structure of reactor schematic diagram of the present invention.
Symbol description in accompanying drawing
1 heat-insulation layer；2 bioenergy moist closets；3 main fermentation rooms；4 closures；5 handles, 6 winds；7 leakage fluid drams；8 spirals
Central shaft；9 helical form blades；10 compost discharging openings；11 biological insulation chamber discharging mouths；12 supports；13 change-over switch valves；14 chargings
Mouthful；15 air bags；16 exhaust outlets.
Specific experiment mode
A kind of bioenergy heat preserving method of organic waste winter fermentation provided by the invention is to carry out in the steps below
's：
(1) integral type fermentation of organic wastes reactor is built：
The fermenting cellar for the various composting device equipment that the reactor can have been developed at home and abroad is embedded in blocking material will
It is divided into interior room and mistress's two parts, or gather materials on the spot in processing region (brick mixed or adobe construction etc.) built, mainly
It is made up of interior room, mistress and heat-insulation layer, interior room is the main fermentation room that organic waste carries out fermentation reaction, and mistress is thermophilic cold micro- life
Bioenergy moist closet based on thing fermentation, there is provided the temperature needed for the fermentation of interior room winter, the attached guarantor in bioenergy moist closet outside
Warm layer, the outside of bioenergy moist closet is wrapped in, prevents scattering and disappearing for bioenergy moist closet heat, installation for fermenting is broadly divided into
Two kinds of static fermentation reactor and dynamic fermentation reactor；
(2) filler of bioenergy moist closet is added：
Added in the bioenergy moist closet of the integral type fermentation of organic wastes reactor of structure for cryophile
Ferment the filler of heat production, and the filler can provide interior environment and the basic nutrition material of cryophile growth, shared by filler
Space proportion is 50%-70%, and the particle diameter of filler is 10mm-20mm；
(3) fermentation reaction：
Put into pending organic waste to main fermentation room first, and adjust the technological parameter required for fermentation (moisture,
C/N etc.) and then by (viable count reaches 108- after the activation of cryophile (based on psychrophilic bacteria) liquid medium within
109cfu/mL) it is added in bioenergy moist closet, its inoculative proportion is the 0.5-1% of filler dry weight, and will be thermophilic cold micro-
Bio-culture solution stirs with filler, while last closed reactor carries out main fermentation room and bioenergy moist closet
Fermentation reaction；
(4) fermentation raw material is changed
In fermentation process when bioenergy insulation room temperature no longer rises, increase the Monitoring frequency to its temperature, work as temperature
Degree changes bioenergy moist closet filler when dropping to less than 15 DEG C in time, and the filler that thermosphere takes out is next except partly carrying out
Batch backflow inoculation is outer, and remaining can be used as raw material input main fermentation room to be fermented, and main fermentation room periodically carries out material and turns confession
Oxygen, after material fermentation terminates, carry out material and change development next batch fermentation.
Further, the blocking material described in step (1) is rigid material (brick mixed etc.), or flexible material (braiding
Bag, non-woven bag etc.) it is easy to discharge after fermenting.For polyurethane foam plastics.Further, the filler described in step (2)
It is one or several kinds of Organic waste compositions that sugar industry processing, food processing, chicken manure etc. are rich in carbohydrate, protein, starch.
Further, the organic waste described in step (3) can be all degradable organic wastes, such as life rubbish
Rubbish, fowl and animal excrement, rubbish from cooking, crop residues, garden garbage, fruit/vegetable waste, processing industry waste etc. are a kind of or several
The mixture of kind.
Further, the fermentation in method of the invention can be aerobic or anaerobic fermentation.
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples.
Embodiment 1
(1) integral type organic castoff compost reactor is built：
The reactor is the simple static state composting apparatus of the integral type built on the basis of existing compost reactor, is specifically
By in the fermenting cellar of non-woven bag flush mounting, fermenting cellar is set to be divided into interior room and mistress's two parts, interior room is entered for organic waste
The fermenting cellar 3 of row fermentation reaction, mistress are the bioenergy moist closet 2 for cryophile fermentation.The outermost layer of the device is
The heat-insulation layer 1 of polyurethane foam plastics is coated with, to prevent scattering and disappearing for the heat of bioenergy moist closet 2, top is closure 4
(as shown in Figure 1).
In-vessel composting system is located at directly over biological thermal insulation barn, is passed in and out in a manner of taking out body, and during closing, whole reactor is closed,
Agglomeration urethane foam insulation outside reactor, scattering and disappearing for bioenergy moist closet heat is prevented, this device is one kind side
Just, fast it is easy to the vertical biology insulation composting device of three layers of extracting of analysis of experiments and compost treatment；
(2) filler of bioenergy moist closet is added：
Added in the bioenergy moist closet of above-mentioned simple static bioenergy insulation composting device for thermophilic cold micro- life
Thing ferments the filler of heat production, and the filler is the mixture of stalk and chicken manure, mixed proportion 1:1, and the particle diameter of stalk is 10-
20mm, shared space proportion are 60%, and filler can provide interior environment and the basic nutrition material of cryophile growth；
(3) fermentation reaction：
From one plant of isolated one plant of psychrophilic bacteria from frozen soil, numbering CY1, the cultivation temperature in LB culture mediums
Activated 18 hours under the conditions of 30 DEG C, viable count is 1.8 × 108cfu/mL, and the bioenergy of the reactor is incubated by handle 5
Room lifts, and the nutrient solution of psychrophilic bacteria is poured into wherein, and its inoculative proportion is the 0.5% of filler dry weight, and is sufficiently stirred
Put down after uniformly, by excrement, stalk and domestic garbage mixing, and add water regulation moisture content to be added to main fermentation room, and close anti-
Device is answered to carry out fermentation reaction while main fermentation room and bioenergy moist closet, and turning of periodically divulging information；
(4) fermentation raw material is changed：
After fermentation proceeds to 20 days, temperature just drops to less than 15 DEG C, changes bioenergy moist closet filler, biology in time
Energy moist closet takes out the 1/3 of filler and carries out next batch backflow inoculation, and remaining is fermented as raw material input main fermentation room,
After material fermentation terminates, carry out material and change development next batch fermentation.
In the present embodiment, the reactor can be under conditions of environment temperature be 0 DEG C or so, and the compost temperature of main fermentation room exists
55-60 DEG C maintains 6 days, and whole composting cycle is 38 days, and composting production has reached decomposed degree.
Embodiment 2
(1) integral type dynamic organic castoff compost reactor is built：
The present embodiment is to reconstruct to form on the basis of known integral horizontal dynamic screw drum-type compost reactor
Integral type dynamic fermentation of organic wastes reactor, cylinder A made of iron sheet is specifically embedded in the reaction of spiral rotary drum type compost
In device, interior room and mistress's two parts are classified as, interior room is the main fermentation room that organic waste carries out fermentation reaction, and mistress is thermophilic
Bioenergy moist closet based on cold microbial fermentation.As shown in Figure 2, the integral type dynamic organic castoff compost being built into
Reactor, the outside cladding polyurethane foam plastics heat-insulation layer 1 of the shell of the reactor, prevents bioenergy moist closet heat
Scatter and disappear；It is bioenergy moist closet 2 between the inside of the shell of the inside reactor cylinder A and the reactor, is inside cylinder A
Fermenting cellar 3.The device is the in-vessel composting system of interval input and output material, and whole tank body can make towards placement is tilted down on the right side of direction as shown
Caused percolate is discharged by discharging tube in composting process, and compost material is from throat-fed, and threadingly direction is in plug-flow
Formula flows to the left side of direction as shown, drives helical form blade 9 to rotate by spiral center axle 8 by manual rotation's wind 6.
(2) filler of bioenergy moist closet is added：
In above-mentioned horizontal dynamic screw drum-type compost reactor, regulation change-over switch valve 13 is that bioenergy is incubated
The charging aperture 14 of room, adds the filler for cryophile fermentation heat production, and the filler is the mixture of rice husk and pig manure, mixing ratio
Example is 1:1, and the particle diameter of filler is 10-20mm, shared space proportion is 50%, and filler can provide cryophile growth
Interior environment and basic nutrition material.
(3) fermentation reaction：
From one plant of isolated one plant of psychrophilic bacteria from frozen soil, numbering CY1, the cultivation temperature in LB culture mediums
Activated 18 hours under the conditions of 30 DEG C, viable count is 1.8 × 108cfu/mL, and the nutrient solution of psychrophilic bacteria is protected by bioenergy
The charging aperture 14 in greenhouse is added into bioenergy moist closet 2, and its inoculative proportion is the 1% of filler dry weight, and is fully stirred
Change-over switch valve 13 is adjusted to the charging aperture of main fermentation room 3, by rubbish, excrement, rice husk and house refuse more than cupboard after mixing uniformly
Mixing, water regulation moisture content interval is added to be added in main fermentation room 3, and closed reactor carries out main fermentation room and bioenergy is protected
Fermentation reaction while greenhouse, and the chamber ventilated that ferments based on turning and change-over switch valve 13 is periodically carried out by wind 6, each
Residence time of the material particles in reactor is identical, finally from the intermittent take-off of compost discharging opening 10, collects and is percolated from leakage fluid dram 7
Liquid.
(4) fermentation raw material is changed
After fermentation proceeds to 18 days, temperature just drops to less than 15 DEG C, changes bioenergy moist closet filler in time, heats
Layer takes out the 1/3 of filler and carries out next batch backflow inoculation, and remaining is fermented as raw material input main fermentation room, treats that material is sent out
After ferment terminates, carry out material and change development next batch fermentation.
In the present embodiment, trouble-free operation under conditions of the reactor can be 0 DEG C or so in environment temperature, the heap of main fermentation room
Fertile temperature maintains 6 days at 50-55 DEG C, and whole composting cycle is 40 days, and composting production has reached decomposed degree.
Embodiment 3
(1) integral type static state organic castoff compost reactor is built：
The present embodiment is the integral type static state anaerobic ferment devices built on the basis of known compost reactor, will be woven
The embedded fermenting cellar of bag, it is set to be divided into interior room and mistress's two parts, interior room is the main fermentation room that organic waste carries out fermentation reaction,
Mistress is the bioenergy moist closet based on cryophile fermentation, and as shown in Figure 3, its feature is main fermentation room and biology
The top of energy moist closet is formed by closing and scalable air bag 15, is easy to produce the collection of gas, air bag in fermentation process
It is upper to carry controllable exhaust outlet 16, while main fermentation room 3 has the function of collecting percolate and can pass through leakage fluid dram 7
Change-over switch valve 13 discharges percolate, agglomeration urethane foam insulation outside reactor, prevents bioenergy from protecting
Greenhouse heat scatters and disappears；
(2) filler of bioenergy moist closet is added：
In above-mentioned static anaerobic ferment devices compost reactor, regulation change-over switch valve 13 is bioenergy moist closet
Charging aperture, and add the filler for cryophile fermentation heat production, the filler is the mixture of cow dung and wood chip, mixed proportion
For 1:1, and the particle diameter of filler is 10-20mm, shared space proportion is 70%, and filler can provide the interior of cryophile growth
Environment and basic nutrition material；
(3) fermentation reaction：
From one plant of isolated one plant of psychrophilic bacteria from frozen soil, numbering CY1, the cultivation temperature in LB culture mediums
Activated 18 hours under the conditions of 30 DEG C, viable count is 1.8 × 108cfu/mL, and the nutrient solution of psychrophilic bacteria is protected by bioenergy
The charging aperture in greenhouse adds wherein, and its inoculative proportion is the 0.5% of filler dry weight, and opens conversion after stirring
The charging aperture that valve 8 is adjusted to main fermentation room is closed, excrement, stalk are mixed, and adds water regulation moisture content interval to be added to main fermentation
Room, and close charging aperture 5 and start to ferment while main fermentation room and bioenergy moist closet, gas caused by last anaerobic fermentation
Collected by air bag, percolate is collected from leakage fluid dram 7；
(4) ferment replacement
After fermentation proceeds to 21 days, temperature just drops to less than 15 DEG C, changes bioenergy moist closet filler in time, heats
Layer takes out the 1/3 of filler and carries out next batch backflow inoculation, and remaining is fermented as raw material input main fermentation room, treats that material is sent out
After ferment terminates, carry out material and change development next batch fermentation.
In the present embodiment, trouble-free operation under the conditions of the reactor can be 0 DEG C or so in environment temperature, the compost of main fermentation room
Temperature is sustainable at 30-40 DEG C in whole composting cycle, and effectively collects gas caused by anaerobic fermentation.
Claims (8)
1. a kind of bioenergy heat preserving method of organic waste winter fermentation, its step are：
(1) integral type fermentation of organic wastes reactor is built：
One container is embedded in blocking material and the inside of the container is divided into interior room and mistress's two parts, and interior room is entered for organic waste
The main fermentation room of row fermentation reaction, mistress are the bioenergy moist closet of cryophile fermentation, there is provided interior room winter fermentation institute
The temperature needed, the outside of mistress are coated with heat-insulation layer, prevent scattering and disappearing for bioenergy moist closet heat；Cut-off wherein in container
Material is that brick mixes material, woven bag or non-woven bag；
(2) filler of bioenergy moist closet is added：
Filler of the filling for cryophile fermentation heat production in bioenergy moist closet；
(3) fermentation reaction：
Pending organic waste is put into main fermentation room, the cryophile after activation is added to bioenergy moist closet
It is interior, and cryophile nutrient solution and filler are stirred into rear enclosed reactor and carry out main fermentation room and bioenergy guarantor
Fermentation reaction while greenhouse；
(4) fermentation raw material is changed：
When the temperature of bioenergy moist closet no longer rises and declined, the filler of bioenergy moist closet is changed, taking-up is filled out
A part is as next batch backflow inoculation in material, and remaining is fermented as raw material input main fermentation room, and main fermentation room is regular
Carry out material and turn oxygen supply, after material fermentation terminates, carry out material and change development next batch fermentation.
2. bioenergy heat preserving method according to claim 1, wherein, container is various known dynamics and static hair
Ferment room.
3. bioenergy heat preserving method according to claim 1, wherein, the filler of bioenergy moist closet is rich in sugar
One or several kinds of Organic waste compositions in class, protein, starch.
4. the bioenergy heat preserving method according to claim 1 or 3, wherein, the filler of bioenergy moist closet accounts for biology
The 50%-70% in energy moist closet space, the particle diameter of filler is 10mm-20mm.
5. bioenergy heat preserving method according to claim 1, wherein, the cryophile after activation refers to that viable count reaches
To 108-109Cfu/mL, the dosage of cryophile are the 0.5-1% of filler dry weight.
6. bioenergy heat preserving method according to claim 1, wherein, organic waste is all degradable organic wastes
Thing.
7. bioenergy heat preserving method according to claim 1, wherein, fermentation reaction is aerobic or anaerobic fermentation.
8. bioenergy heat preserving method according to claim 1, wherein, 15 DEG C are down at a temperature of bioenergy moist closet
The filler of bioenergy moist closet is changed when following.
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| CN201089742Y (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2008-07-23 | 黄志永 | System for large-scale processing dung-urine of livestock and poultry to prepare sludge gas in cold area |
| CN201092571Y (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2008-07-30 | 吉林省农业机械研究院 | Household methane preparing system for cold area |
| CN101381760A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-03-11 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for enabling household biogas pool to normally produce biogas in winter |
| CN201873627U (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-06-22 | 东北农业大学 | Heating thermal-insulating livestock and poultry excrement fermentation tank in cold regions |
| CN202297328U (en) * | 2011-10-19 | 2012-07-04 | 沈阳师范大学 | Methane production device combined with production of organic fertilizers |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN201089742Y (en) * | 2007-07-25 | 2008-07-23 | 黄志永 | System for large-scale processing dung-urine of livestock and poultry to prepare sludge gas in cold area |
| CN201092571Y (en) * | 2007-08-07 | 2008-07-30 | 吉林省农业机械研究院 | Household methane preparing system for cold area |
| CN101381760A (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2009-03-11 | 山东省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所 | Method for enabling household biogas pool to normally produce biogas in winter |
| CN201873627U (en) * | 2010-11-26 | 2011-06-22 | 东北农业大学 | Heating thermal-insulating livestock and poultry excrement fermentation tank in cold regions |
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