CN104865286A - Method for increasing head rice yield of high-quality rice - Google Patents
Method for increasing head rice yield of high-quality rice Download PDFInfo
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- CN104865286A CN104865286A CN201510345403.4A CN201510345403A CN104865286A CN 104865286 A CN104865286 A CN 104865286A CN 201510345403 A CN201510345403 A CN 201510345403A CN 104865286 A CN104865286 A CN 104865286A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a method for increasing the head rice yield of high-quality rice. The method is characterized by comprising the steps of rice drying test, rice water content measurement, nuclear magnetic resonance measurement, head rice yield measurement of rice, temperature measurement, and data processing and statistic analysis. According to the invention, the relationship between two different natural drying manners of large-grain Xixiang rice and the final rice head rice yield is researched to find out the content change situation during the rice drying process and the relationship between the different natural drying manners and the head rice yield and determine the drying technical parameters of the large-grain Xixiang rice. A mature content tempering technology is formed through the relationship between the rice water content and the final head rice yield and the research for different moisture acquisition manners. The best process technology scheme of the large-grain Xixiang rice is formulated through the research for the rice husking technology and the whitening technology during the rice processing. With adoption of the method, the head rice yield of rice is increased by 8% or above.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of method improving grain quality rice head rice rate, belong to rice quality assay method technical field.
Background technology
Paddy is one of topmost cereal crops on the earth, accounts for the population of 1/2 in the world as staple food.And China is " rice kingdom " in the world in 100 Duo Ge Rice Production states, paddy annual production occupies first place in the world, and China's paddy total production in 2012 reaches 20,429 ten thousand t, accounts for 34.65% of total output of grain.Along with improving constantly of people's quality of life and Consciousness of food security, development high quality white rice industry has become a current megatrend.High quality paddy due to its particle longer, in processing process, easily broken formation is cracked rice, and causes head rice rate lower, is generally about 45-50%.
Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic is the important indicator weighing rice quality, it directly affects the commodity performance of rice and the economic benefit of enterprise, the serious problems restricting the development of high quality white rice secondary industry at present, the head rice rate improving high quality paddy is significant, is at present in the urgent need to studying the problem of solving.
Summary of the invention
Technical matters to be solved by this invention is: the head rice rate how improving paddy.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, the present invention adopts following technical scheme:
Improve a method for grain quality rice head rice rate, comprise the following steps:
One, the drying test of paddy
Rice drying according to current south China rural area is accustomed to, and test takes concrete floor airing airing mode different from mat make of thin bamboo strips airing two kinds to carry out airing test to paddy; Get rice sample 20 kg, be divided into 2 parts every part 10 kg, be numbered respectively: the airing of S(concrete floor) and the airing of the M(mat make of thin bamboo strips), after every morning sunrise, sample S is placed on the concrete floor that outdoor clear blocks by (about 9:00); Sample M is placed on the mat make of thin bamboo strips that outdoor clear blocks; Each sample evenly tiles, and morning and afternoon every day is respectively stirred once, and before sunset in afternoon, (about 4:30) takes in indoor, until each sample be all down to sample after room temperature to be measured;
Two, the determination of moisture of paddy
Moisture in paddy measures according to international standard ISO 712:2009 method;
Three, nuclear magnetic resonance measuring
Airing every day terminates to be cooled to each sample after room temperature until sample and gets three and parallelly accurately take about 1g (be accurate to 0.001 g), be numbered 1,2 and 3 respectively, be placed in nuclear magnetic resonance Special test tube, shaking test tube makes the air in sample gap drain repeatedly as far as possible; Working sample T2 (T
2) step:
(1) when measuring, open computer, sample hose is put into instrument magnet case, open nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy software (the Analyst SoftwareVer3. 3 that Shanghai Niumai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. provides), open radio frequency unit power supply (instrument working temperature 32 DEG C);
(2) in optimum configurations, select hard pulse sequence (Hard Pulse FID), find the resonant frequency of centre frequency SF1+ O1(Hydrogen Proton);
(3) enter pulsus durus and rush cpmg sequence row parameters: SW=100 kHz, SF=19 MHz, RFD=0.100 ms, O1=558342.9 Hz, TW=10000.000 ms, P1=15.00 us, RG1=20.0 db, TD=171200, DRG1=3, DR=1, NS=8, P2=28.00 us, NECH=4000, DL1=0.200 ms start to detect;
(4) detect end and preserve data, enter Inversion Software (the NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) relaxation time reversal fitting software Ver4. 09 that Shanghai Niumai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. provides) and be finally inversed by T
2distribution situation, output instrument gather Excel formatted data to portable hard drive.
Improve a method for grain quality rice head rice rate, comprise the following steps:
One, the drying test of paddy
From the fragrant paddy of the large grain small stream just gathered in the crops, accurately take 8 samples, each sample about 50kg, is numbered respectively: the airing of SN(concrete floor is placed in indoor night), the airing of SW(concrete floor is placed in outdoor night), the airing of the MN(mat make of thin bamboo strips is placed in indoor night) be placed in outdoor night with the airing of the MW(mat make of thin bamboo strips) each sample does one and is parallelly numbered 1,2; After every morning sunrise, (about 9:00) is by sample SN
1, SN
2, SW
1and SW
2be placed on concrete floor that outdoor clear blocks; Sample MN
1, MN
2, MW
1and MW
2be placed on the mat make of thin bamboo strips that outdoor clear blocks, each sample evenly tiles, and morning and afternoon every day is respectively stirred once; Before sunset in afternoon, (about 4:30) is by SN
1, SN
2, MN
1and MN
2transport indoor back, SW
1, SW
2, MW
1and MW
2be piled up in outdoor, and with covered rearing with plastic film;
Two, the determination of moisture of paddy
Moisture in paddy measures according to international standard ISO 712:2009 method;
Three, the mensuration of Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic
The head rice rate of paddy measures according to standard GB/T/T 21719-2008 Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic method of inspection;
Four, the mensuration of temperature
The fragrant paddy of large grain small stream is deposited in process in airing and night and was all measured every two hours and record paddy and environment temperature, each survey is averaged for three times, the paddy that submerged completely by the probe of handy type digital thermometer during measurement is degree, the steady time recording data of Temperature displaying on device to be shown;
Five, data processing and statistical study
To test figure application origin 8.5 software (Origin Lab company of the U.S.) analysis of collection and the drafting of picture concerned.
The beneficial effect of employing technique scheme is:
1, the present invention passes through the fragrant two kinds of different natural drying modes of paddy of large grain small stream and the relation research of final Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic, understand fully the situation of change of moisture in rice drying process, and the relation of different drying modes and head rice rate, determine the dry technology parameter of the fragrant paddy of large grain small stream.
2, the present invention is by the relation to paddy water cut and final head rice rate, and the research of different in moisture obtain manner defines ripe Moisture condition technology.
3, the present invention is by the research to hull in paddy processing process paddy technology and pearling technology, has formulated the optimal process technical scheme of the fragrant paddy of large grain small stream.
4, the present invention effectively improves the head rice rate more than 8% of paddy.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the T of undried paddy
2t2 spectrogram.
Fig. 2 is each state moisture of the paddy variation diagram in time of concrete floor airing.
Fig. 3 is paddy each state moisture accounting variation diagram in time of concrete floor airing.
Fig. 4 is each state moisture of the paddy variation diagram in time of mat make of thin bamboo strips airing.
Fig. 5 is paddy each state moisture accounting variation diagram in time of mat make of thin bamboo strips airing.
Fig. 6 is that airing terminates each state moisture distribution figure of rear paddy.
Fig. 7 is environment in airing process, concrete floor paddy and mat make of thin bamboo strips paddy temperature variation curve.
Fig. 8 deposits indoor in process, outdoor, indoor paddy and outdoor paddy temperature variation curve night.
Embodiment
(1) research of moisture state change in the fragrant rice drying process of large grain small stream
By adopting low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology (LF-NMR), follow is carried out to the situation of change of moisture state in rice drying process.Result shows that Bound moisture contained in paddy is maximum, and account for more than 80%, free water and not easily circulating water accounting are seldom respectively 8.6% and 4.7%; In dry run, along with the water in the prolongation paddy of drying time combines more and more tightr; In paddy different conditions moisture between there is certain mutual conversion and infiltration; Concrete floor airing and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing affect not quite the moisture distribution of different conditions in paddy.
materials and methods
1.1 materials and instrument
Paddy: pick up from the fragrant kind of large grain small stream that thatch dam, Meitan, Guizhou dragon lifeline Huang meter company limited is positioned at the plantation of grain quality rice planting base, Mao Ba village, Meitan, Guizhou in mid-September, 2014; NMI20-Analyst type MRI analysis instrument (supporting T-invfit reverse simulation software and 15 mm nuclear magnetic resonance special test pipes etc.): Shanghai Niumai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd.; Drying box; Analytical balance etc.
test method
1.2.1 test principle
LF-MNR is mainly through to longitudinal relaxation time T
1(SPIN LATTICE), T2 T
2the measurement of (spin-spin) and self-diffusion coefficient, reflect proton (
1h) kinetic property
[8], wherein
1the process that H core changes low-energy state in radiationless mode into from high-energy state is called relaxation.T
1and T
2measure respectively be spin and environment and spin between interaction.In food scientific research, the relaxation time measures multiplex T
2characterize, because T
2variation range is comparatively large, and T
2compare T
1more responsive to the existence of multiple phase.It can also distinguish not with free water and the water of crystallization of solid particle or other solvent action, and Bound moisture and irremovable water, can also reflect that the chemosmosis between free water and Bound moisture exchanges.
1.2.2 the drying test of paddy
Rice drying according to current south China rural area is accustomed to, and test takes concrete floor airing airing mode different from mat make of thin bamboo strips airing two kinds to carry out airing test to paddy.Get rice sample 20 kg, be divided into 2 parts every part 10 kg, be numbered respectively: the airing of S(concrete floor) and the airing of the M(mat make of thin bamboo strips).After every morning sunrise, sample S is placed on the concrete floor that outdoor clear blocks by (about 9:00); Sample M is placed on the mat make of thin bamboo strips that outdoor clear blocks.Each sample evenly tiles, and morning and afternoon every day is respectively stirred once, and before sunset in afternoon, (about 4:30) takes in indoor, until each sample be all down to sample after room temperature to be measured.
1.2.3 the determination of moisture of paddy
Moisture in paddy measures according to international standard ISO 712:2009 method.
1.2.4 nuclear magnetic resonance measuring
Airing every day terminates to be cooled to each sample after room temperature until sample and gets three and parallelly accurately take about 1 g (being accurate to 0.001g), and be numbered 1,2 and 3 respectively, be placed in nuclear magnetic resonance Special test tube, shaking test tube makes the air in sample gap drain as far as possible repeatedly.Working sample T2 (T
2) step:
1) when measuring, open computer, sample hose is put into instrument magnet case, open nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy software (the Analyst SoftwareVer3. 3 that Shanghai Niumai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. provides), open radio frequency unit power supply (instrument working temperature 32 DEG C).2) in optimum configurations, select hard pulse sequence (Hard Pulse FID), find the resonant frequency of centre frequency SF1+ O1(Hydrogen Proton).
3) enter pulsus durus and rush cpmg sequence row parameters: SW=100 kHz, SF=19 MHz, RFD=0.100 ms, O1=558342.9 Hz, TW=10000.000 ms, P1=15.00 us, RG1=20.0 db, TD=171200, DRG1=3, DR=1, NS=8, P2=28.00 us, NECH=4000, DL1=0.200 ms start to detect.
4) detect end and preserve data, enter Inversion Software (the NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) relaxation time reversal fitting software Ver4. 09 that Shanghai Niumai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. provides) and be finally inversed by T
2distribution situation, output instrument gather Excel formatted data to portable hard drive.
1.2.5 data processing and statistical study
Nuclear magnetic data figure is drawn to test figure application origin 8.5 software (Origin Lab company of the U.S.) gathered.
result and discussion
The distribution situation of rear each state moisture adopted by 2.1 paddy
After rice sample is adopted back, not yet carry out nmr experiments during airing, the paddy spin spinrelaxation T made by Inversion Software
2define 3 peaks in collection of illustrative plates and Fig. 1, figure, it can thus be appreciated that the moisture containing three kinds of active states in paddy namely: Bound moisture, not easily circulating water and free water, use T respectively
21, T
22and T
23represent.Horizontal ordinate in spectrogram corresponding to each peak dot is the average T of this kind of moisture
2value, T
2value is lower show this kind of moisture and Binding Capacity tightr, T
2be worth larger explanation moisture freer.
By Bound moisture T in the known paddy of Fig. 1 and table 1 three kinds of moisture
21accounting mostly is 86.7%(most and has comparative advantage), free water T
23with not easily circulating water T
22accounting is seldom respectively 8.6% and 4.7%.Due to Bound moisture be generally be present near solute or other nonaqueous components and between solute molecule by that a part of water of chemical bonds, be combined very stable with other components.It can thus be appreciated that the dry difficulty of paddy is comparatively large, the free water easily lost and the not easily moisture shared by circulating water being not easy to lose are always than being only 13.3%.In addition, be more or less the same by the water flow of adjacent states in three tightr known paddy of peaks gathering in figure, especially Bound moisture T
21with not easily circulating water T
22its summit time is respectively: 1.32 ms and 12.33 ms, and show that these two kinds of interpenetrative possibilities of moisture are comparatively large, the research of Wang Jihuan etc. also thinks that the conversion between this multi-form water exists really.
The transverse relaxation data table related of table 1. undried paddy
Paddy each state moisture situation of change of 2.2 concrete floor airings
The transverse relaxation spectrogram of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance test gained is carried out as Fig. 2 every day to the paddy of concrete floor airing, tries to achieve each state moisture T according to T2 spectrogram
21, T
22and T
23shared ratio also makes dynamic changing curve figure as Fig. 3.
As seen from Figure 2 on T2 spectrogram, characterize Bound moisture T
21side of As time goes on constantly turning left, peak move, playing peak time and summit time constantly shifts to an earlier date, its summit becomes 0.376494 final ms from 1.32 initial ms, be advanced by 0.943506 ms, this phenomenon shows along with the Bound moisture in the growth paddy of airing time combines more and more tightr.As shown in Figure 3 along with drying time each state moisture of prolongation shared by ratio be totally in plateau, Bound moisture T
21with not easily circulating water T
22shared ratio row slightly decline, free water T
23proportion but raises to some extent, becomes 10.7% from initial 8.6%, and composition graphs 2 free water T
23the substantially dynamic deducibility in relaxation peak, paddy each dry end lose be mainly not easily circulating water and Bound moisture.The moisture lost at first in rice drying process be secondly free water be not easily circulating water and Bound moisture, the drying of material can regard the process that the moisture of different conditions removes one by one by degree of freedom size as to have research also to think, the degree of freedom of free water is larger, easy removal, not easily circulating water degree of freedom is lower than free water, just starts slowly to be removed after most of free water is deviate from.But paddy may be little due to its free water content, just can remove after starting drying, after free water is lost in dry run, remove drying condition, because the moisture in absorbing environmental or other state moisture are got back supplementary to very fast free water of reason such as free water conversions, therefore the change of final free water is little.
Paddy each state moisture situation of change of 2.3 mat make of thin bamboo strips airings
The paddy of mat make of thin bamboo strips airing is carried out to transverse relaxation spectrogram following Fig. 4 of low-field nuclear magnetic resonance test gained every day, try to achieve each state moisture T according to T2 spectrogram
21, T
22and T
23shared ratio also makes dynamic changing curve figure as Fig. 5.
By the distribution of the airing of Fig. 2 with Fig. 4 known mat make of thin bamboo strips and each state moisture of concrete floor airing paddy and change substantially identical.Its difference to be mainly in mat make of thin bamboo strips airing process not easily circulating water T
22mainly concentrate on closer to free water T
23side, namely compared with concrete floor airing, the not easily circulating water T of paddy in mat make of thin bamboo strips airing process
22the fastness be combined with other components is poorer.After being terminated by the known drying of Fig. 3 and Fig. 5, free water accounting difference very little (being respectively 10.8% and 11.6%) in concrete floor airing and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing paddy, but there is a certain distance in not easily circulating water and the Bound moisture accounting of two kinds of dry paddy of different modes, concrete floor airing and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing not easily circulating water accounting are respectively 5.8% and 3.1%.
2.4 concrete floor airings and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing final moisture distribution situation contrast
Measuring its moisture when paddy is just adopted back is 28.3 ± 0.5%, and the water cut through the airing paddy of four days reaches 12.2 ± 1.0% lower than safe storage moisture 14%-14.5%, terminates airing.Reach after safe storage moisture terminates airing, low-field nuclear magnetic resonance is carried out to the final sample of concrete floor airing and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing and tests the transverse relaxation spectrogram obtained and integrate as shown in Figure 6 with the spectrogram adopting rear paddy.
Airing terminates the final Bound moisture T of the paddy of latter two airing mode gained as can be seen from Figure 6
21all be combined tightr than before non-airing with other components, become the final known this bonding state of 0.011498 ms from both peak times by 0.38 original ms very firm.Not easily circulating water T
22ratio shared in all moisture declines obviously, concrete floor airing and the final not easily circulating water T of mat make of thin bamboo strips airing paddy
22become 3.7% and 3.1% from original 4.7% respectively, in addition, characterize Bound moisture T
21with free water T
23peak between except not easily circulating water T
22other small peaks have been there are beyond peak, this illustrates the moisture having occurred other states in the dry run of paddy, these moisture belong to not easily circulating water in conjunction with fastness is same between Bound moisture with free water, the appearance various state moisture yet demonstrated from the side in material of these small peaks are not that a dirt is constant, there is mutual conversion to a certain degree and infiltration between them, and this process is not accomplish in one move but continuous print.The research of Zhang Xukun etc. have also discovered similar phenomenon, they are finding that to the research of carrot chip drying process the later half Bound moisture of dry 3 h (namely not easily circulating water) is in overall reduction trend, the reason reduced may be sub-fraction migration is Bound moisture, another most of half hitch Heshui, along with a large amount of removings of free water, is that free water is removed to external migration.
conclusion
Low-field nuclear magnetic resonance technology can well for the research of each state moisture distribution of paddy, to concrete floor airing and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing two kinds of drying modes and different dry time sampling to analyze the spectra resolution rate of gained high and be quick on the draw.In the moisture of paddy as seen from the experiment, Bound moisture accounts for most content more than 80%, in dry run, it plays peak time and finally becomes 0.011498 ms from 0.38 initial ms, along with the prolongation of time is combined more and more tightr with other components, and free water content is less, and the ratio shared by dry front and back changes less, becomes 10.5% ± 0.5% from original 8.6%.Certain mutual conversion and infiltration is there is and conversion process is continuous print between the moisture of different conditions.In concrete floor airing and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing process, paddy each state moisture situation of change is basically identical, and compared with concrete floor airing, the fastness that in mat make of thin bamboo strips airing process, the not easily circulating water of paddy is combined with other components is poorer.
(2) Study on influencing factors of head rice rate in the fragrant rice drying process of large grain small stream
Rice drying according to south China rural area is accustomed to, and with the fragrant fine quality rice variety of large grain small stream for examination material, studies the influence factor of head rice rate in rice drying process.Test findings shows, in rice drying process, different disposal is comparatively large on final head rice rate impact, the maximum difference 6.8% of head rice rate between different disposal.Adopt mat make of thin bamboo strips airing higher by 3.6% than concrete floor direct airing gained head rice rate in paddy airing process, in airing process, night is deposited in outdoor higher by 2.3% than depositing in indoor head rice rate, and these process are little on the impact of paddy final water cut.
materials and methods
1.1 materials and instrument
Paddy picks up from the fragrant kind of large grain small stream that thatch dam, Meitan, Guizhou dragon lifeline Huang meter company limited is positioned at the plantation of grain quality rice planting base, Mao Ba village, Meitan, Guizhou in mid-September, 2014; FA2204B type electronic analytical balance (induction amount is 0.0001g) Shanghai Techcomp Jingke Science Instrument Co., Ltd.; DT-610B handy type digital thermometer Shenzhen Huashengchang Machinary Industry Co., Ltd; 101-3A type electric drying oven with forced convection Tianjin Stettlen Instrument Ltd.; LD-Y300A comminutor Shanghai Ding Shuai Electrical Appliances Co., Ltd; MLGT25A rubber roll husker Chinese-foreign cooperation Zhejiang Province Qi Li Machinery Co., Ltd; MNMF25, MNMF18 strong punkah abrasive type rice whitening machine Anlu City gold paddy grain machinery equipment company limited; MPG16.5 type polishing rice machine Anlu City gold paddy grain machinery equipment company limited; Vibrating cleaning sieve; Suction specific-gravity stoner; Gravity type paddy separator; Flat-turn rice classifying screen; Intelligent digital color selector; Electronic scale; Exsiccator; Measuring cup etc.
1.2 test method
1.2.1 the drying test of paddy
From the fragrant paddy of the large grain small stream just gathered in the crops, accurately take 8 samples, each sample about 50kg, is numbered respectively: the airing of SN(concrete floor is placed in indoor night), the airing of SW(concrete floor is placed in outdoor night), the airing of the MN(mat make of thin bamboo strips is placed in indoor night) be placed in outdoor night with the airing of the MW(mat make of thin bamboo strips) each sample does one and is parallelly numbered 1,2.After every morning sunrise, (about 9:00) is by sample SN
1, SN
2, SW
1and SW
2be placed on concrete floor that outdoor clear blocks; Sample MN
1, MN
2, MW
1and MW
2be placed on the mat make of thin bamboo strips that outdoor clear blocks, each sample evenly tiles, and morning and afternoon every day is respectively stirred once.Before sunset in afternoon, (about 4:30) is by SN
1, SN
2, MN
1and MN
2transport indoor back, SW
1, SW
2, MW
1and MW
2be piled up in outdoor, and use covered rearing with plastic film.
1.2.2 the determination of moisture of paddy
Moisture in paddy measures according to international standard ISO 712:2009 method.
1.2.3 the mensuration of Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic
The head rice rate of paddy measures according to standard GB/T/T 21719-2008 Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic method of inspection.
1.2.4 the mensuration of temperature
The fragrant paddy of large grain small stream is deposited in process in airing and night and was all measured every two hours and record paddy and environment temperature, each survey is averaged for three times, the paddy that submerged completely by the probe of handy type digital thermometer during measurement is degree, the steady time recording data of Temperature displaying on device to be shown.
1.2.4 data processing and statistical study
To test figure application origin 8.5 software (Origin Lab company of the U.S.) analysis of collection and the drafting of picture concerned.
result and discussion
Temperature variations in 2.1 large fragrant rice drying processes of small stream
Namely the environment temperature measured in large grain small stream fragrant paddy airing process and sample temperature also make temperature changing curve diagram: Fig. 1 and Fig. 2.In Fig. 1, S and M represents the paddy of concrete floor and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing respectively, and morning, 8:00 was timing initial point, and 9:00,11:00,13:00,15:00 and 17:00 time is designated as 1,3,5,7 and 9 respectively.In Fig. 2, N and W represents the paddy of evening as indoor and outdoors respectively, and evening, 20:00 was timing initial point, and 21:00,23:00,1:00,3:00,5:00 and 7:00 time is designated as 1,3,5,7,9 and 11 respectively.
As shown in Figure 1, when using concrete floor and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing large grain small stream perfume paddy, the temperature variation of sample is all closely related with variation of ambient temperature, and the change of its variation tendency and environment temperature is basically identical, all from the morning rise to 9:00 always afternoon about 14:00 reach the highest after decline again.Be not difficult to find from figure, both are that the paddy temperature of concrete floor airing is higher than mat make of thin bamboo strips airing temperature at maximum difference, medial temperature is high 0.6 DEG C, when sun initial rise, concrete floor heats up than mat make of thin bamboo strips quick heating, during 9:00, temperature is 26.8 DEG C, but the paddy temperature of concrete floor airing after two hours is upgraded to 28.9 DEG C, the paddy temperature on the mat make of thin bamboo strips is upgraded to 27.8 DEG C lower than paddy temperature on concrete floor 0.9 DEG C.As can be seen from Figure 2, the fragrant rice sample of large grain small stream deposits temperature in process change at night is larger by the impact of environment, variation tendency is basic consistent with residing variation of ambient temperature, and sample temperature and indoor temperature, the sample temperature depositing in outdoor and outdoor temperature change curve tendency as deposited in indoor are basically identical.But the environment temperature of the temperature of two samples all than residing is high, and deposit in the indoor temperature of outdoor sample temperature higher than synchronization, this phenomenon illustrates that paddy is when to deposit (especially moisture is higher) respiration in process more vigorous.It is higher than depositing in outdoor sample that synchronization deposits in indoor sample temperature, and medial temperature is high 0.8 DEG C.
2.2 different disposal rice sample airings terminate rear moisture and head rice rate measurement result
It is 28.3 ± 0.5% that large grain small stream fragrant paddy measures its moisture when just adopting back, and after airing, the water cut of paddy reaches 12.0 ± 1.0% lower than safe storage moisture 14%-14.5%, terminates airing.Quality, moisture and head rice rate measurement result carried out respectively to eight samples as shown in table 2.
The airing of table 2. each sample terminates rear moisture and head rice rate measurement result
Tab. The determination results moisture content and head rice yield
2.3 concrete floors and mat make of thin bamboo strips airing are on the impact of the fragrant Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic of large grain small stream
The fragrant rice sample SN of the large grain small stream of concrete floor airing as shown in Table 2
1, SN
2, SW
1and SW
2head rice rate mean value be: 42.7%, mat make of thin bamboo strips airing sample MN
1, MN
2, MW
1and MW
2average head rice rate be: 46.3%, the sample head rice rate of mat make of thin bamboo strips airing is higher by 3.6% than concrete floor airing mean value.That mat make of thin bamboo strips airing gained head rice rate is maximum is MW
1sample 47.7%, that concrete floor airing gained head rice rate is maximum is SW
2sample 44.1%, the head rice rate difference 3.6% that two kinds of Different treatments gained are maximum.With regard to the paddy final moisture content of two kinds of different airing mode gained, mat make of thin bamboo strips airing and concrete floor airing gained paddy final moisture content difference little.The reason that mat make of thin bamboo strips airing head rice rate is greater than concrete floor airing may be owing to there is certain space when the mat make of thin bamboo strips is laid on the ground and between ground, therefore on the mat make of thin bamboo strips, the paddy air permeability of airing is better, and the heat and the water vapor that are beneficial to paddy scatter and disappear.Morning and afternoon every day obviously can find that the concrete floor of airing paddy is moister when carrying out moving operations to paddy obvious moisture, has just started a few days ago particularly evident of airing, the mat make of thin bamboo strips does not then have moist sign.Therefore be easier to paddy is heated and moisture loss uneven and cause the percent cracked rice of paddy to rise, thus the Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic of concrete floor airing is declined.
2.4 night storage temperature on the impact of the fragrant Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic of large grain small stream
Deposit in the fragrant rice sample SN of indoor large grain small stream as shown in Table 2 night
1, SN
2, MN
1and MN
2head rice rate mean value be: 43.3%, deposit in outdoor sample SW
1, SW
2, MW
1and MW
2head rice rate mean value be: 45.6%, deposit in outdoor sample head rice rate mean value night than depositing in the high by 2.3% of indoor.Deposit in night outdoor gained Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic maximum for MW
1sample 47.7%, deposit in indoor gained head rice rate maximum for MN
1sample 45.5%, both differ 2.2%.With regard to the final water cut of paddy processing gained two kinds of different nights, indoor storage is deposited high by 0.3% than outdoor.Day and night temperature conference makes Cracked Rice rate increase and finally cause head rice rate to decline to have relevant report to show, but due to the singularity of the geographic position of Meitan, Guizhou and weather conditions, (summer is substantially without heat, day and night temperature is not obvious) to deposit in outdoor large grain small stream fragrant rice sample head rice rate night and be greater than and deposit in indoor sample, the concrete reason that this phenomenon produces needs more deep research.
conclusion
Rice drying process is the significant process affecting its head rice rate, can not be ignored in the whole process that paddy processing is produced.As seen from the experiment, in rice drying process, process is different can produce considerable influence, as sample SN to net result
1with MW
1head rice rate difference 6.8%.In rice drying process, drying mode and night deposit process affects larger on its head rice rate, be accustomed to from the rice drying in south China rural area, adopt mat make of thin bamboo strips airing higher by 3.6% than concrete floor direct airing gained Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic in paddy airing process, in two kinds of mode airing processes, the temperature higher average specific mat make of thin bamboo strips airing of concrete floor airing paddy is high 0.6 DEG C, but little on the impact of final moisture content; In airing process, night is deposited in outdoor higher by 2.3% than depositing in indoor head rice rate.
Claims (2)
1. improve a method for grain quality rice head rice rate, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
One, the drying test of paddy
Rice drying according to current south China rural area is accustomed to, and test takes concrete floor airing airing mode different from mat make of thin bamboo strips airing two kinds to carry out airing test to paddy; Get rice sample 20 kg, be divided into 2 parts every part 10 kg, be numbered respectively: the airing of S(concrete floor) and the airing of the M(mat make of thin bamboo strips), after every morning sunrise, sample S is placed on the concrete floor that outdoor clear blocks by (about 9:00); Sample M is placed on the mat make of thin bamboo strips that outdoor clear blocks; Each sample evenly tiles, and morning and afternoon every day is respectively stirred once, and before sunset in afternoon, (about 4:30) takes in indoor, until each sample be all down to sample after room temperature to be measured;
Two, the determination of moisture of paddy
Moisture in paddy measures according to international standard ISO 712:2009 method;
Three, nuclear magnetic resonance measuring
(1) airing every day terminates to be cooled to each sample after room temperature until sample and gets three parallel about 1g that accurately take and (be accurate to 0.001 g), be numbered 1,2 and 3 respectively, be placed in nuclear magnetic resonance Special test tube, shaking test tube makes the air in sample gap drain as far as possible repeatedly; Working sample T2 (T
2) step: when 1) measuring, open computer, sample hose is put into instrument magnet case, open nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy software (the Analyst SoftwareVer3. 3 that Shanghai Niumai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. provides), open radio frequency unit power supply (instrument working temperature 32 DEG C);
(2) in optimum configurations, select hard pulse sequence (Hard Pulse FID), find the resonant frequency of centre frequency SF1+ O1(Hydrogen Proton);
(3) enter pulsus durus and rush cpmg sequence row parameters: SW=100 kHz, SF=19 MHz, RFD=0.100 ms, O1=558342.9 Hz, TW=10000.000 ms, P1=15.00 us, RG1=20.0 db, TD=171200, DRG1=3, DR=1, NS=8, P2=28.00 us, NECH=4000, DL1=0.200 ms start to detect;
(4) detect end and preserve data, enter Inversion Software (the NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) relaxation time reversal fitting software Ver4. 09 that Shanghai Niumai Electronic Technology Co., Ltd. provides) and be finally inversed by T
2distribution situation, output instrument gather Excel formatted data to portable hard drive.
2. improve a method for grain quality rice head rice rate, it is characterized in that comprising the following steps:
One, the drying test of paddy
From the fragrant paddy of the large grain small stream just gathered in the crops, accurately take 8 samples, each sample about 50kg, is numbered respectively: the airing of SN(concrete floor is placed in indoor night), the airing of SW(concrete floor is placed in outdoor night), the airing of the MN(mat make of thin bamboo strips is placed in indoor night) be placed in outdoor night with the airing of the MW(mat make of thin bamboo strips) each sample does one and is parallelly numbered 1,2; After every morning sunrise, (about 9:00) is by sample SN
1, SN
2, SW
1and SW
2be placed on concrete floor that outdoor clear blocks; Sample MN
1, MN
2, MW
1and MW
2be placed on the mat make of thin bamboo strips that outdoor clear blocks, each sample evenly tiles, and morning and afternoon every day is respectively stirred once; Before sunset in afternoon, (about 4:30) is by SN
1, SN
2, MN
1and MN
2transport indoor back, SW
1, SW
2, MW
1and MW
2be piled up in outdoor, and with covered rearing with plastic film;
Two, the determination of moisture of paddy
Moisture in paddy measures according to international standard ISO 712:2009 method;
Three, the mensuration of Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic
The head rice rate of paddy measures according to standard GB/T/T 21719-2008 Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic method of inspection;
Four, the mensuration of temperature
The fragrant paddy of large grain small stream is deposited in process in airing and night and was all measured every two hours and record paddy and environment temperature, each survey is averaged for three times, the paddy that submerged completely by the probe of handy type digital thermometer during measurement is degree, the steady time recording data of Temperature displaying on device to be shown;
Five, data processing and statistical study
To test figure application origin 8.5 software (Origin Lab company of the U.S.) analysis of collection and the drafting of picture concerned.
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Cited By (7)
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| CN105954309A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-21 | 大连工业大学 | Method for rapid and nondestructive detection of water content in abalone drying and rewatering process |
| CN106950243A (en) * | 2017-03-31 | 2017-07-14 | 安徽农业大学 | A kind of method for detecting aged rice |
| CN108244234A (en) * | 2017-12-29 | 2018-07-06 | 青岛袁米农业科技有限公司 | Improve the furnace drying method of rice quality |
| CN108260664A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method for airing for improving Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic |
| CN109042870A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-21 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of drying means of high-quality paddy |
| CN109601616A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-12 | 中南林业科技大学 | A method of Good quality indica rice head rice rate is improved using radiothermics |
| CN113092517A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-09 | 天津农学院 | Nondestructive testing method for stored wheat |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105954309A (en) * | 2016-04-29 | 2016-09-21 | 大连工业大学 | Method for rapid and nondestructive detection of water content in abalone drying and rewatering process |
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| CN108260664A (en) * | 2017-12-30 | 2018-07-10 | 青岛袁策生物科技有限公司 | A kind of method for airing for improving Whole White Rice Percentage Dynamic |
| CN109042870A (en) * | 2018-07-16 | 2018-12-21 | 浙江工业大学 | A kind of drying means of high-quality paddy |
| CN109601616A (en) * | 2019-01-11 | 2019-04-12 | 中南林业科技大学 | A method of Good quality indica rice head rice rate is improved using radiothermics |
| CN113092517A (en) * | 2021-04-12 | 2021-07-09 | 天津农学院 | Nondestructive testing method for stored wheat |
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