CN104858538B - Airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method - Google Patents
Airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104858538B CN104858538B CN201510219622.8A CN201510219622A CN104858538B CN 104858538 B CN104858538 B CN 104858538B CN 201510219622 A CN201510219622 A CN 201510219622A CN 104858538 B CN104858538 B CN 104858538B
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K10/00—Welding or cutting by means of a plasma
- B23K10/02—Plasma welding
Abstract
Airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, belongs to welding method field.The present invention adds airflow waveform controller in conventional plasma arc welding (PAW) connection device and ion-gas controls performance element, exports by ion-gas controls the waveform of the control realization welding process intermediate ion throughput of performance element.Make the electric current collaborative variation during ion-gas flow and variable-polarity plasma welding, thus realize the stability to welding process and perforation and control.This welding method not only greatly improves the stability in variable polarity plasma arc welding perforation and welding process, and by the raising of this stability, is conducive to strengthening the quality of weld seam.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to be a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, belong to welding method
Field.
Background technology
It is found that continuous discharge phenomenon from Vassili Dinko Petrov in 1802 and proposes electric arc in materials processing
In application potential after, along with Arc Welding Power and the development of welding material, large quantities of different electric arcs welding
Technique is emerged in large numbers in succession, such as submerged-arc welding, argon tungsten-arc welding, gas metal arc welding, plasma arc
Weldering etc., and it is deep into the every field such as automobile, machine-building, military affairs, space flight and civilian daily life,
Play the most important effect.Along with science and technology development, in recent years Laser Welding, agitating friction weldering and
The Novel welding methods such as magnetic field impulse weldering obtain concern greatly at welding field, make tradition arc-welding field
Become bigger impact, but up to now, arc welding is still the material being most widely used in commercial production
Processing method, plays irreplaceable effect in mechanical engineering figuration manufacture field.
As the advanced technology of free electric arc (GTA or TIG), plasma arc is a kind of specific form
Electric arc (PA), the tungsten electrode arc of gas shield restrained by it by means of the nozzle of plasma (welding) torch,
Making arc column cross section be restricted, the temperature of arc column is improved, and the ionization of gas medium is more abundant,
In electric arc, particle flow velocity also significantly increases, and has compared bright with free electric arc in energy density with directivity
Aobvious improvement, therefore with laser, electron beam claim three big high energy beam technology.The energy of keyhole plasma welding
Metric density is between Laser Welding and free arc welding, the advantage having free electric arc and high energy beam concurrently.With sharp
Optical, electrical sub-bundle is compared, plasma arc equipment in cost, maintenance cost, working environment and assembling demand and
The aspects such as welding gun kinematic dexterity have clear superiority.Compared with electric arc free with routine, plasma arc is with it
More excellent electric arc quality, all shows powerful vitality in terms of welding, cutting and surface process.
At welding field, variable polarity plasma arc welding arc (VPPA) piercing welding technology is little with its welding deformation, weldering
The two-sided advantage such as once-forming of rear zero defect, single-sided welding, becomes the welding side that aerospace field is first-selected
Formula.Update retrieval shows, even if having put into substantial amounts of grinding at the aspect such as laser, electron beam both at home and abroad
Study carefully resource, but the electric arc processes technique with variable polarity plasma arc welding arc as representative remains American National aviation
Space agency (NASA) and European Space Agency (ESA) optimum selection when Welded.
Unstability and just when at present Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding technology is primarily present electric current Variable Polarity zero passage
Reversed polarity alternately time the impact in molten bath caused the problem of molten bath unstability, although by the coupling of technological parameter
It is capable of preferably welding under typical material and specific weld operating mode, but at the strong contractive condition of big electric current
The lower double arc of easily appearance or current interruption, and process window significantly reduces, nargin is little, processing parameter matching is complicated,
Technological parameter disperses, and the problems such as cutting and non-seam easily occurs, limits plasma arc welding with adjustable polarity parameters
The further application connect.Now studies have found that, instantaneous in alternating current arc zero passage, arc column two ends are by tungsten electrode
With the strong cooling of workpiece, without energy input, electronics can within a very short time (10-5 second)
Lose energy.At this moment electronics will neutralize with cation and produce deionization and make charged particle reduce,
Arc extinction.But, if meeting two conditions: (1) current over-zero speed is sufficiently fast, (2) electric arc
When zero passage, temperature is sufficiently high, and the while of making electron energy the highest, the quantity of electronics is also a lot, then electronics is not allowed
Easily with cation generation deionization and reduce compound chance, electric arc is not easy extinguishing.Additionally, at pole-changing
Property electric arc positive polarity during tungsten electrode as hot cathode work, owing to tungsten electrode has strong electron emissivity,
Arc stability is also concentrated.Tungsten electrode discharges work function as negative electrode emitted during operation electronics, thus tungsten electrode
Cooled down, it is possible to keep good tip shapes.During Variable Polarity electric arc reversed polarity, workpiece is as negative electrode
Work.Owing to workpiece is cold cathode, thermionic emission ability, therefore make cathode protection beat, electric arc
Relatively dissipate.During reversed polarity, tungsten electrode receives electronics and absorbs work function, and heating scaling loss is tighter than during positive polarity
Weight.Therefore, during the reversed polarity stage, electric arc dissipates with arc force decline is to affect the principal element that molten bath is stable.
Based on above-mentioned cognition, the present invention is directed to above-mentioned problem to be solved and launch research, propose a kind of airflow waveform
Modulation Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding method, according to different phase curent change in single current wave period
Time arc characteristic the ion-gas flow in welding process is controlled by, thus improve variable polarity plasma arc welding
Arc stability in arc welding process and weld pool stability, it is achieved welding process intermediate ion throughput controls
Accurately control from coarse being adjusted to of parameter.
Summary of the invention
It is an object of the invention to provide one can be during Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding, for including
Positive polarity stage, positive polarity zero passage stage, negative polarity stage and negative polarity zero passage stage are at interior not same order
Section, by controlling the adjustment of ion-gas flow, with electric arc in different phase in a satisfied current cycle
The stable different demands to ion-gas flow in stable and molten bath, during the biggest electric current thick plates, pass through
Airflow waveform controls to improve the stability in variable polarity plasma arc welding perforation and welding process further.For reality
Existing above-mentioned purpose, the technical solution used in the present invention is a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding
Device and method.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding device, it is characterised in that: include plasma arc
The equipment such as welding gun, valve group, the source of welding current and control system constitute complete welding system；Two ions
Gas control performance element is arranged in the ion gas circuit of plasma (welding) torch；By airflow waveform controller,
Realize the waveform output of welding process intermediate ion throughput.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: the method be according to
Following steps are carried out: 1) exported welding process by variable-polarity plasma welding power supply and control system (1)
In Variable Polarity current waveform；2) airflow waveform controller (12) detects by plasma arc welding with adjustable polarity parameters
Connect power supply and Variable Polarity current waveform that control system (1) exports, it is thus achieved that Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding
During include positive polarity stage t0t2, positive polarity zero passage section t2t5, negative polarity stage t5t7, negative polarity mistake
Zero section of t7t10At interior different phase characteristic time point, carry out ion as airflow waveform controller (12)
The foundation that airflow waveform controls；3) by airflow waveform controller (12) according to the Variable Polarity electric current obtained
Put generation gas flow control signal supply in the characteristic time of different phase and be arranged on plasma (welding) torch
(3) ion-gas in inner ion gas path controls performance element (13), it is achieved variable polarity plasma arc welding arc
Welding process includes positive polarity stage t0t2, positive polarity zero passage section t2t5, negative polarity stage t5t7, negative pole
Property zero passage section t7t10Ion-gas flow-control in interior different phase.
Described a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: Variable Polarity
PLASMA ARC WELDING power supply and control system (1) can simulate the electricity that output is consistent with actual welding process
The digital signal reduced of stream waveform or equal proportion is for air-flow waveshape monitor (12) detection.
Described a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: air-flow ripple
Shape controller (12) has display ion-gas flow waveform, current ion-gas flow and default gas flow of ions
The function of amount, it is possible to the ion-gas that output signal supply is arranged on plasma gun (3) controls to perform
Unit (13), realizes including positive polarity stage t during Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding0t2, positive pole
Property zero passage section t2t5, negative polarity stage t5t7, negative polarity zero passage section t7t10In interior different phase in interior difference
The ion-gas flow-control in stage.
Described a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: wait from
Being installed in parallel two groups of ion-gas on sub-welding gun (3) and control performance element (13), often group ion-gas controls to hold
Row unit is respectively by the gas mass flow controller (11) being installed in series and high-frequency electromagnetic valve (14) group
Become.
Described a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: two gas
The ion-gas flow of respective gas passage is set to 0.5～10L/min by weight flow controller respectively,
And keep constant in welding process.
Described a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: at pole-changing
Node t access time in the single cycle of property current waveform1、t4、t6And t9, wherein t1It is ahead of t2Position
0.1～5ms；t4It is ahead of t5Position 0.1～2ms；t6It is ahead of t7Position 0.1～2ms also ensures t4t6Duan Shi
Between more than 1/2nd t5t7The section time；t9It is ahead of t10Position 0.1～2ms.
Described a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: step (3)
In at t0t1Section controls one group of ion-gas by airflow waveform controller (12) and controls performance element by one
Gas circuit is open-minded；At t1t4Section controls one group of ion-gas by airflow waveform controller (12) and controls to perform list
Two gas circuits are closed by unit；At t4t6Section controls one group of ion gas control by airflow waveform controller (12)
Performance element processed is by open-minded for two gas circuits；At t6t9Section controls one group by airflow waveform controller (12)
Ion-gas controls performance element and two gas circuits is closed.
Described a kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: at pole-changing
During property PLASMA ARC WELDING, each current cycle in normal weld stage is performed both by described in previous bar
Control process, until receiving arc to terminate welding process.
Further, the gas flow range of accommodation of described gas mass flow controller (13) is
0-20L/min；The response time of described high-frequency electromagnetic valve (14) is 0.01-2ms, and switching frequency is
50-1000Hz。
Further, described ion-gas is noble gas.
Advantages of the present invention: the present invention is directed to during Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding electricity in the Variable Polarity cycle
Stream electric arc in positive polarity stage, positive polarity zero passage stage, negative polarity stage, negative polarity zero passage stage
Different qualities, is embodied as following ion-gas flow-control: in the positive polarity stage, opens a road ion-gas
Supply maintain PLASMA ARC WELDING normal demand；In the positive polarity zero passage stage, by turn off two from
Edema of the legs during pregnancy path stops the supply of ion-gas, when reducing electric arc zero passage ion-gas to the impact of arc zone thus
Maintain stablizing of plasma arc；Open the supply of two-way ion-gas in the negative polarity stage, increase negative polarity rank
The ion-gas flow of section, thus strengthen the cooling of tungsten electrode, the compression of plasma arc and power are exported, maintain
In welding process, molten bath stablizes；Turn off two ion-gas paths equally in the negative polarity zero passage stage to maintain
Stablizing of plasma arc zero passage.By the waveform modulated to ion-gas flow, it will help improve further
The stability of variable-polarity plasma welding process, and be expected to widen Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding skill further
The solderable thickness of art and technique are interval, and for increasing the controllability in welding process and the technique of plasma arc
Property provide a kind of new control device.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the schematic diagram that this welding method implements device
Fig. 2 is the air-flow modulation waveform needed for this welding method
In figure: 1, variable-polarity plasma welding power supply and control system, 2, welding cable A, 3, etc.
Ion welding gun, 4, ion-gas pipeline, 5, protection air pipe, 6, protection gas cylinder, 7, ion gas cylinder,
8, workpiece, 9, welding cable B, 10, welding arc, 11, gas mass flow controller, 12,
Airflow waveform controller, 13, ion-gas control performance element, 14, high-frequency electromagnetic valve
Detailed description of the invention
Below with reference to accompanying drawing specific description embodiments of the present invention.It is real that Fig. 1 show this welding method
Executing the schematic diagram of device, Fig. 2 is the air-flow modulation waveform needed for this welding method, and this airflow waveform is modulated
Variable-polarity plasma welding method primary modulation is ion-gas flow, and the protection gas circuit of welding gun and water route are all
It is identical with common variable-polarity plasma welding, so it will not be described.
In conjunction with Fig. 1 and Fig. 2, this welding method is embodied as step to be described in detail:
Step one: before welding, after the position to be welded polishing of workpiece to be welded, cleaning, is fixed in weldering
Connect on frock clamp；
Step 2: shown in Fig. 1, carries out the connection of circuit, gas circuit, makes plasma gun vertical extremely
In top, position to be welded, and airflow waveform controller, ion-gas are controlled in performance element access system；
Step 3: setting welding condition: welding current 30～500A, speed of welding 0.1～0.3m/min,
Camber 2～8mm, protects throughput 12～20L/min, ion-gas flow 1.5～4.5L/min, positive polarity
Time 1～99ms, the reversed polarity time 1～99ms；
Step 4: choose the timing node in the Variable Polarity current waveform single cycle to set airflow waveform control
Material time point t in device processed1、t4、t6And t9, wherein t1It is ahead of t2Position 0.1～5ms；t4In advance
In t5Position 0.1～2ms；t6It is ahead of t7Position 0.1～2ms, and ensure t4t6The section time more than two/
The t of one5t7The section time；t9It is ahead of t10Position 0.1～2ms；
Step 5: according to step 4, control performance element by one group of ion-gas so that t0t1Section is by one
Bar gas circuit is open-minded, at t1t4Two gas circuits of section are closed, at t4t6Two gas circuits of section are open-minded, at t6t9Section two
Gas circuit is closed, and moves in circles；
Step 6: arranging after welding condition completes, open protection air valve, ion-gas valve,
The source of welding current, the unlatching source of welding current, airflow waveform controller, ion-gas control performance element, weld
Connect, until completing the welding of workpiece.
Embodiment 1
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method of the present embodiment, concrete operations are as follows
Step one: before welding, polishes the position to be welded of workpiece to be welded (4mm thickness aluminium alloy), clearly
After washing, it is fixed on welding tool setup；
Step 2: shown in Fig. 1, carries out the connection of circuit, gas circuit, makes plasma gun vertical extremely
In top, position to be welded, and airflow waveform controller, ion-gas are controlled in performance element access system；
Step 3: setting welding condition: welding current 80/120A, speed of welding 0.1m/min,
Camber 4mm, protect throughput 18L/min, ion-gas flow 3L/min and 4L/min, protection gas and
Ion-gas all selects the argon of 99.99%, positive and negative polarity time scale 21ms:4ms；
Step 4: choose the timing node in the Variable Polarity current waveform single cycle to set airflow waveform control
Material time point t in device processed1、t4、t6And t9, wherein t1It is ahead of t2Position 4ms；t4It is ahead of t5
Position 1ms；t6It is ahead of t7Position 1ms is to ensure t4t6The section time t more than 1/2nd5t7The section time；
t9It is ahead of t10Position 1ms；
Step 5: according to step 4, control performance element by one group of ion-gas so that t0t1Section is by one
Bar gas circuit is opened and made ion-gas flow is 3L/min, at t1t4Two gas circuits of section are closed, at t4t6Section two
Gas circuit is opened and made ion-gas flow is 4L/min, at t6t9Two gas circuits of section are closed, and move in circles；
Step 6: arranging after welding condition completes, open protection air valve, ion-gas valve,
The source of welding current, the unlatching source of welding current (variable polarity plasma arc welding power supply), airflow waveform controller, ion-gas
Controlling performance element, welding, until completing the welding of workpiece.
The present embodiment significantly improves stability and the process margin of welding process.
Claims (10)
1. an airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method, it is characterised in that: the method is to carry out in accordance with the following steps:
(1) the Variable Polarity current waveform in welding process is exported by variable-polarity plasma welding power supply and control system (1)；
(2) airflow waveform controller (12) detects the Variable Polarity current waveform exported by Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding power supply and control system (1), it is thus achieved that include positive polarity stage t during Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding0t2, positive polarity zero passage section t2t5, negative polarity stage t5t7, negative polarity zero passage section t7t10At interior different phase characteristic time point, carry out the foundation of gas flow of ions waveform control as airflow waveform controller (12)；
(3) put, in the characteristic time of different phase, ion-gas control performance element (13) that generation gas flow control signal supply is arranged in plasma (welding) torch (3) inner ion gas path according to the Variable Polarity electric current obtained by airflow waveform controller (12), it is achieved during Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding, include positive polarity stage t0t2, positive polarity zero passage section t2t5, negative polarity stage t5t7, negative polarity zero passage section t7t10Ion-gas flow-control in interior different phase.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding power supply and control system (1) can simulate the digital signal reduced exporting the current waveform consistent with actual welding process or equal proportion for air-flow waveshape monitor (12) detection.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: airflow waveform controller (12) has display ion-gas flow waveform, current ion-gas flow and the function of default ion-gas flow, output signal can supply ion-gas control performance element (13) being arranged on plasma gun (3), realize including positive polarity stage t during Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding0t2, positive polarity zero passage section t2t5, negative polarity stage t5t7, negative polarity zero passage section t7t10In interior different phase in the ion-gas flow-control of interior different phase.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: on plasma gun (3), be installed in parallel two groups of ion-gas control performance element (13), often organize ion-gas control performance element gas mass flow controller (11) and high-frequency electromagnetic valve (14) respectively by being installed in series and form.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 4, it is characterised in that: the gas flow range of accommodation of described gas mass flow controller (11) is 0-20L/min；The response time of described high-frequency electromagnetic valve (14) is 0.01-2ms, and switching frequency is 50-1000Hz.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the ion-gas flow of respective gas passage is set to 0.5～10L/min by two gas mass flow controllers respectively, and keeps constant in welding process.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: node t access time in the single cycle of Variable Polarity current waveform1、t4、t6And t9, wherein t1It is ahead of t2Position 0.1～5ms；t4It is ahead of t5Position 0.1～2ms；t6It is ahead of t7Position 0.1～2ms also ensures t4t6The section time t more than 1/2nd5t7The section time；t9It is ahead of t10Position 0.1～2ms.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: at t in step (3)0t1Section controls one group of ion-gas by airflow waveform controller (12) and controls performance element by open-minded for a gas circuit；At t1t4Section controls one group of ion-gas control performance element by airflow waveform controller (12) and two gas circuits is closed；At t4t6Section controls one group of ion-gas by airflow waveform controller (12) and controls performance element by open-minded for two gas circuits；At t6t9Section controls one group of ion-gas control performance element by airflow waveform controller (12) and two gas circuits is closed.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 8, it is characterized in that: during Variable Polarity Plasma Arc Welding, each current cycle in normal weld stage is performed both by the control process described in step (3), until receipts arc, terminate welding process.
A kind of airflow waveform modulation variable-polarity plasma welding method the most according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: described ion-gas is noble gas.
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Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106141396A (en) * | 2016-06-30 | 2016-11-23 | 广东省焊接技术研究所（广东省中乌研究院） | A kind of lower method reducing variable polarity plasma arc welding weld porosity rate of high weldering speed |
| CN106825929A (en) * | 2017-02-17 | 2017-06-13 | 北京工业大学 | A kind of alternating current arc welding method of laser stabilising arc |
| CN106944727A (en) * | 2017-05-11 | 2017-07-14 | 东莞市日熔焊接技术有限公司 | Plasma (orifice) gas body controlling means and control system |
| CN110732762A (en) * | 2019-09-12 | 2020-01-31 | 江苏大学 | metal powder recompression plasma arc welding process |
| CN114247966B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-04-25 | 北京工业大学 | Double-wire dissimilar material welding and material adding method based on variable polarity power supply |
| CN114247962B (en) * | 2021-12-16 | 2023-02-28 | 北京工业大学 | Multi-electrode time-sharing conduction and polarity-changing alternating arc welding and material adding method |
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