CN104849068A - Heavy-duty vehicle rapid portable emission measurement system and method - Google Patents

Heavy-duty vehicle rapid portable emission measurement system and method Download PDF

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CN104849068A
CN104849068A CN201510271825.1A CN201510271825A CN104849068A CN 104849068 A CN104849068 A CN 104849068A CN 201510271825 A CN201510271825 A CN 201510271825A CN 104849068 A CN104849068 A CN 104849068A
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heavy
duty car
nox
emission
gas
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CN104849068B (en
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胡京南
鲍晓峰
何立强
郭兴
祖雷
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Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences
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Abstract

The invention relates to heavy-duty vehicle rapid portable emission measurement system and method. The system and the method use a rapid portable emission measurement system to carry out tests emphasis on NOx and CO2 concentration in tail gas. The NOx and CO2 concentrations in the tail gas are used to calculate a NOx emission factor based on per-unit CO2 emission, and then through quantity transformational relation between the NOx emission factor and a work-based window NOx specific emission, a heavy-duty vehicle emission value which can be directly compared with a reference limit value is derived. Compared with a relatively mature European work-based window method, the method eliminates calculation on the size of a work-based window and moving average work-based window specific emission, thereby greatly simplifying data analysis operation. The system and the method can more conveniently and rapidly determine NOx emission level of a heavy-duty vehicle, and are used for spot check and road inspection of heavy-duty vehicle emission.

Description

The quick on-board emission test system and method for heavy-duty car
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heavy-duty car system for testing discharge and method, particularly relate to a kind of heavy-duty car on-board emission test system and method.
Background technology
The regulation method of heavy-duty car emission test mainly carries out simulation test on laboratory engine stand.Engine bench test easily controls measurement condition, and its test result has good repeatability, is method the most frequently used during the discharge of current heavy-duty car detects.
But bench simulation test is the discharge of the working condition measurement engine by setting, really can not reflect discharge characteristics when heavy-duty car travels on real road.To when carrying out emission test with heavy-duty car, also there is the problems such as complicated operation, length consuming time, expense height in engine bench test method.
For the heavy-duty car real road discharge supervision demand become increasingly conspicuous, develop on-board emission test system (portable emissions measurement system, PEMS) both at home and abroad.As shown in Figure 1, this system generally adopts heavy-duty car on-board emission test schematic diagram:
1, not light splitting infrared analysis (NDIR) measures CO and CO 2;
2, THC (THC) is measured with hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID);
3, not light splitting uv analysis method (NDUV) or chemoluminescence method (CLD) measure NO and NO 2;
4, O is measured by electrochemical process (EC) 2;
5, with tail gas stream flowmeter measurement extraction flow;
6, with Global Positioning System (GPS) (GPS), by the geographic position of recording second in heavy-duty car driving process (i.e. longitude, latitude and sea level elevation) and travel speed;
7, the operational factor (as rotating speed, moment of torsion, load etc.) of engine is read with OBD code reader (i.e. ECU communication module).
What on-road emission test obtained is the emission behaviour of single vehicle on real road, effective Data support can be provided for the analysis of vehicular emission feature under actual travel condition and simulation, but its apparatus assembly is more, operation is comparatively complicated, longer (about needing 1 day) consuming time, the heavy-duty car being mainly used in laws and regulations requirement is emitted on accordance supervision, but is difficult to accomplish quick detection.
Summary of the invention
The object of the invention is to provide a kind ofly can test great amount of samples fast, to exceed standard the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car of vehicle by Timeliness coverage in huge fleet.
Technical solution of the present invention is:
The quick on-board emission test system of a kind of heavy-duty car, its special character is:
Comprise air-channel system, exhaust gas analysis system, Data collection and precessing system; Described air-channel system comprises zero gas or span gas gas circuit, sample gas disposal unit, waste water and waste gas unit; Described sample gas disposal unit comprises sampling pipe, condenser pipe, dehydrator, the sample air pump of connecting successively; Described waste water and waste gas unit comprise waste pipe and off-gas line; The entrance of described sampling pipe exports with heavy-duty car offgas duct and communicates; The gas outlet of described dehydrator communicates with the entrance of sample air pump, and its water delivering orifice communicates with waste pipe; Described analytic system comprises operation valve unit, particulate filter, conventional exhaust analyzer; Described operation valve unit comprises retaining valve and T-valve; The entrance of described retaining valve and zero gas or span gas gas circuit communicate; Described T-valve A, B, C mouth communicates with the entrance of the outlet of retaining valve, sample gas delivery side of pump, particulate filter respectively; The entrance of described conventional exhaust analyzer exports with particulate filter and communicates, and its outlet communicates with off-gas line; Described Data collection and precessing system comprises data-carrier store, data processing and output device;
Above-mentioned conventional exhaust analyzer is conventional vehicle exhaust five gas analyzer, its sample frequency>=1Hz, adopts not light splitting infrared method to test CO 2/ CO/HC concentration, adopts electrochemical process test NOx and O 2concentration.
Above-mentioned T-valve enters C mouth to go out or single B mouth enters C mouth and goes out for realizing single A mouth.
The quick on-board emission test method of the first heavy-duty car, comprises the following steps:
1) conversion coefficient K is determined:
1.1) choose a representational n heavy-duty car, first adopt on-board emission test system to carry out test to i-th heavy-duty car tail gas, obtain the merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission A in units of g/kWh i; N>=1, i≤n;
1.2) the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car is installed on i-th heavy-duty car, measures NOx and CO of this heavy-duty car tail gas 2concentration, then obtain by following formula with g/kgCO 2for the NOx emission coefficient B of unit i;
B i = M NO 2 × NO x conc i ‾ M CO 2 × CO 2 conc i ‾ × 10
In formula: with be respectively NO 2and CO 2molal weight;
be i-th heavy-duty car exhaust emissions NO xaverage instantaneous body volume concentrations, ppm;
be i-th heavy-duty car exhaust emissions CO 2average instantaneous body volume concentrations, %;
1.3) i-th heavy-duty car conversion coefficient k is calculated as follows i:
k i＝A i/B i；
1.4) test is carried out to the n in step 1.1 representational heavy-duty car, obtain k 1, k 2k n, calculate conversion coefficient K:
K = k 1 , ( m = 1 ) Σ 1 n k i n ± Σ 1 n k i 2 - ( Σ 1 n k i ) 2 n n - 1 , ( n > 1 ) ;
2) quick on-board emission test is carried out to heavy-duty car:
Tested heavy-duty car is installed the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car, measures tail gas NOx and CO that heavy-duty car is no less than 20min in real road travels 2concentration also records all measurement data, then obtain according to the formula of step 1.2 with g/kgCO 2for the NOx emission coefficient B of unit detected value;
3) to derive the merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission A of tested heavy-duty car in units of g/kWh by following formula derived value:
A derived value=K × B detected value;
4) test result is judged:
If the A derived derived valueless than the reference limit value of merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission, can the tail gas NOx purification plant of the tested heavy-duty car of preliminary judgement working properly, otherwise it is abnormal to work.
Above-mentioned steps 1.2 and/or step 2 also comprise test data selection link: if there is CO in measurement data 2concentration is less than the data point of setting threshold value, then regard as running on the lower load point, this data point does not participate in NOx emission coefficient B detected valuecalculating.
Above-mentioned CO 2the optimum setting threshold value of concentration is 6%.
The quick on-board emission test method of the second heavy-duty car, comprises the following steps:
1) carry out quick vehicle-mounted discharge to heavy-duty car to detect:
Tested heavy-duty car is installed the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car, measures tail gas NOx and CO that heavy-duty car is no less than 20min in real road travels 2concentration also records all measurement data, then obtain according to the following formula with g/kgCO 2for the NOx emission coefficient B of unit detected value:
In formula: M nO2and M cO2be respectively NO 2and CO 2molal weight;
for exhaust emissions NO xaverage external volume concentration, ppm;
for exhaust emissions CO 2average external volume concentration, %.
2) to derive by following formula the merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission of tested heavy-duty car:
Merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission in units of g/kWh:
A derived value=K × B detected value;
Wherein, K=0.82 ± 0.13;
3) testing result is judged:
If the A derived derived valueless than the reference limit value of merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission, can the tail gas NOx purification plant of the tested heavy-duty car of preliminary judgement working properly, otherwise it is abnormal to work.
Above-mentioned steps 1 and/or step 2 also comprise test data selection link: if there is CO in measurement data 2concentration is less than the data point of setting threshold value, then regard as running on the lower load point, this data point does not participate in NOx emission coefficient B detected valuecalculating.
Above-mentioned CO 2the optimum setting threshold value of concentration is 6%.
Above-mentioned K preferably 0.82, or a certain numerical value between choosing 0.69 ~ 0.95 according to actual conditions.
Advantage of the present invention:
1, the structure of present system is simple, cost is low.The quick on-board emission test system of the present invention can save the equipment such as tail gas stream gauge, GPS in regulation PEMS system, only need exhaust analyzer one, data output apparatus one (as shown in Figure 2), wherein exhaust analyzer selects conventional vehicle exhaust five gas analyzer, can use the battery of vehicle-mounted power supply or small volume.
2, present system can shorten instrument preheating time greatly, and sense cycle is short, is less than 30min.
3, the inventive method use procedure is simple.Can greatly simplify regulation PEMS method, utilize quick on-board emission test system emphasis to NOx and CO in tail gas 2concentration carries out test, can judge the NOx emission level of heavy-duty car more convenient and rapidly, the spot check of discharging for heavy-duty car and Lu Jian etc.
4, the inventive method is by CO in measurement data 2the data point that concentration is less than 6%, regards as running on the lower load point, does not participate in NOx emission coefficient B detected valuecalculating, improve the reliability of analysis result.
5, the present invention adopts n (n >=1) representational heavy-duty car to test in advance, and calculates conversion coefficient K by specific formulation, ensure that representativeness and the accuracy of K value.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is existing heavy-duty car on-board emission test schematic diagram;
Fig. 2 is the quick on-board emission test schematic diagram of heavy-duty car of the present invention;
Fig. 3 is heavy-duty car of the present invention quick vehicle-mounted discharge system principle schematic diagram;
Fig. 4 is parameter K matched curve example.
Embodiment
The quick on-board emission test system of the present invention only needs exhaust analyzer one, data output apparatus one, can be used for spot check and the Lu Jian etc. of heavy-duty car discharge.
The quick on-board emission test system of the present invention comprises air-channel system and comprises zero gas or span gas gas circuit, sample gas disposal unit, waste water and waste gas unit; Sample gas disposal unit comprises sampling pipe, condenser pipe, dehydrator, the sample air pump of connecting successively; Waste water and waste gas unit comprise waste pipe and off-gas line; The entrance of sampling pipe exports with heavy-duty car offgas duct and communicates; The gas outlet of dehydrator communicates with the entrance of sample air pump, and its water delivering orifice communicates with waste pipe; Analytic system comprises operation valve unit, particulate filter, conventional exhaust analyzer; Operation valve unit comprises retaining valve and T-valve; The entrance of retaining valve and zero gas or span gas gas circuit communicate; T-valve A, B, C mouth communicates with the entrance of the outlet of retaining valve, sample gas delivery side of pump, particulate filter respectively; The entrance of conventional exhaust analyzer exports with particulate filter and communicates, and its outlet communicates with off-gas line; T-valve enters C mouth to go out or single B mouth enters C mouth and goes out for realizing single A mouth, namely for switching zero gas (or span gas) and sample gas enters particulate filter; Data collection and precessing system comprises data-carrier store, data processing and output device.
Exhaust analyzer selects conventional vehicle exhaust five gas analyzer (CO 2/ CO/HC concentration determination adopts not light splitting infrared method (NDIR); NOx and O 2concentration determination makes electrochemically), sample frequency is 1Hz, the concentration (CO of real-time testing heavy-duty car exhaust pollutant 2for %, all the other components are ppm).Heavy-duty car quick vehicle-mounted discharge system principle schematic diagram as shown in Figure 3.Compare regulation PEMS system simply a lot, the battery of vehicle-mounted power supply or small volume can be used, also can save the equipment such as tail gas stream gauge, GPS in Fig. 1, and greatly shorten instrument preheating time.
The method simple operation, short (~ 30min) consuming time, the NOx emission level of heavy-duty car can be judged more convenient and rapidly, filter out the vehicle with much emission that tail gas clean-up technology (as SCR) lost efficacy, thus carry out further supervision (comprising regulation test) and remedial efforts.
The quick on-board emission test method of the present invention can only use tail gas NOx and CO 2concentration is calculated based on unit CO 2the NOx emission coefficient of discharge, then by the quantity transformational relation between merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission, deriving can with the heavy-duty car discharge value directly compared with reference to limit value.Compared with the European merit base window technique of relative maturity, eliminate the measuring and calculating to the size of merit base window and the merit base window brake specific exhaust emission of running mean etc., enormously simplify data analysis work.
To same representational heavy-duty car, on-board emission test method (PEMS) is utilized to obtain merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission in units of g/kWh; Utilize quick on-board emission test method to obtain NOx emission coefficient in units of g/kgCO2, and draw conversion coefficient therebetween.Through analyzing the test data of many heavy-duty cars, result shows quick on-board emission test method NOx emission coefficient and presents good linear relationship and merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission (as shown in Figure 4) of on-board emission test method in units of g/kWh, the two conversion coefficient K=0.82 ± 0.13.
For other heavy-duty car, can by the NOx emission coefficient (g/kgCO of quick on-board emission test method 2) derive merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission (g/kWh) in units of g/kWh, contrast with reference to limit value (as DB11-965 merit base window technique emission limit), can the tail gas NOx purification plant work of the tested heavy-duty car of preliminary judgement whether normal.Such as to state four heavy-duty diesel vehicle, the NOx emission coefficient of quick on-board emission test method is 12g/kgCO 2time, deriving merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission and be about 10g/kWh, by comparing with the reference limit value (being 7g/kWh in DB11-965) of state four heavy-duty diesel vehicle merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission, tentatively can judge that the work of its tail gas NOx purification plant is abnormal.
The NOx brake specific exhaust emission considering under engine low load duty truly can not reflect the height of emission level, therefore when calculating NOx brake specific exhaust emission, needs running on the lower load to remove.Window average power is only not less than the data point of 20% as valid data by the merit base window technique of on-board emission test method.In order to transform with merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission, when there is no load data, available CO 2concentration as a reference, i.e. CO 2concentration is effective higher than the data of a certain reference value.CO 2the selection principle of concentration reference value is, at CO 2in concentration-power relation figure, under ensureing the prerequisite of abundant valid data, requiring that power percentage is as far as possible few lower than the point of 20%, finding by analyzing a large amount of test datas, the CO of diesel engine 2there is significant positive correlation in concentration of emission and power percentage, and using 6% as CO 2the reference value of concentration is proper.
Quick on-board emission test method not only can be used for the quick judgement of heavy-duty car NOx emission level of control, can also be generalized in non-rice habitats engineering machinery, for express-analysis in the NOx emission level of control by engineering machinery, to strengthen the NOx emission supervision of non-rice habitats engineering machinery.

Claims (10)

1. the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car, is characterized in that:
Comprise air-channel system, exhaust gas analysis system, Data collection and precessing system; Described air-channel system comprises zero gas or span gas gas circuit, sample gas disposal unit, waste water and waste gas unit; Described sample gas disposal unit comprises sampling pipe, condenser pipe, dehydrator, the sample air pump of connecting successively; Described waste water and waste gas unit comprise waste pipe and off-gas line; The entrance of described sampling pipe exports with heavy-duty car offgas duct and communicates; The gas outlet of described dehydrator communicates with the entrance of sample air pump, and its water delivering orifice communicates with waste pipe; Described analytic system comprises operation valve unit, particulate filter, conventional exhaust analyzer; Described operation valve unit comprises retaining valve and T-valve; The entrance of described retaining valve and zero gas or span gas gas circuit communicate; Described T-valve A, B, C mouth communicates with the entrance of the outlet of retaining valve, sample gas delivery side of pump, particulate filter respectively; The entrance of described conventional exhaust analyzer exports with particulate filter and communicates, and its outlet communicates with off-gas line; Described Data collection and precessing system comprises data-carrier store, data processing and output device.
2. the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car according to claim 1, is characterized in that:
Described conventional exhaust analyzer is conventional vehicle exhaust five gas analyzer, its sample frequency>=1Hz, adopts not light splitting infrared method to test CO 2/ CO/HC concentration, adopts electrochemical process test NOx and O 2concentration.
3. the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car according to claim 1 or 2, is characterized in that: described T-valve enters C mouth to go out or single B mouth enters C mouth and goes out for realizing single A mouth.
4. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) conversion coefficient K is determined:
1.1) choose a representational n heavy-duty car, first adopt on-board emission test system to carry out test to i-th heavy-duty car tail gas, obtain the merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission A in units of g/kWh i; N>=1, i≤n;
1.2) the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car is installed on i-th heavy-duty car, measures NOx and CO of this heavy-duty car tail gas 2concentration, then obtain by following formula with g/kgCO 2for the NOx emission coefficient B of unit i;
B i = M NO 2 × NO x conc ‾ i M CO 2 × CO 2 conc ‾ i × 10
In formula: with be respectively NO 2and CO 2molal weight;
be i-th heavy-duty car exhaust emissions NO xaverage instantaneous body volume concentrations, ppm;
be i-th heavy-duty car exhaust emissions CO 2average instantaneous body volume concentrations, %;
1.3) i-th heavy-duty car conversion coefficient k is calculated as follows i:
k i＝A i/B i；
1.4) test is carried out to the n in step 1.1 representational heavy-duty car, obtain k 1, k 2k n, calculate conversion coefficient K:
K = k 1 ( n = 1 ) Σ 1 n k i n ± Σ 1 n k i 2 - ( Σ 1 n k i ) 2 n n - 1 ( n > 1 ) ;
2) quick on-board emission test is carried out to heavy-duty car:
Tested heavy-duty car is installed the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car, measures tail gas NOx and CO that heavy-duty car is no less than 20min in real road travels 2concentration also records all measurement data, then obtain according to the formula of step 1.2 with g/kgCO 2for the NOx emission coefficient B of unit detected value;
3) to derive the merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission A of tested heavy-duty car in units of g/kWh by following formula derived value:
A derived value=K × B detected value;
4) test result is judged:
If the A derived derived valueless than the reference limit value of merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission, can the tail gas NOx purification plant of the tested heavy-duty car of preliminary judgement working properly, otherwise it is abnormal to work.
5. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 4, is characterized in that: described step 1.2 and/or step 2 also comprise test data selection link:
If there is CO in measurement data 2concentration is less than the data point of setting threshold value, then regard as running on the lower load point, this data point does not participate in NOx emission coefficient B detected valuecalculating.
6. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 5, is characterized in that: described CO 2the setting threshold value of concentration is 6%.
7. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car, is characterized in that: comprise the following steps:
1) carry out quick vehicle-mounted discharge to heavy-duty car to detect:
Tested heavy-duty car is installed the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car, measures tail gas NOx and CO that heavy-duty car is no less than 20min in real road travels 2concentration also records all measurement data, then obtain according to the following formula with g/kgCO 2for the NOx emission coefficient B of unit detected value:
In formula: with be respectively NO 2and CO 2molal weight;
for exhaust emissions NO xaverage external volume concentration, ppm;
for exhaust emissions CO 2average external volume concentration, %;
2) to derive by following formula the merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission of tested heavy-duty car:
Merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission in units of g/kWh:
A derived value=K × B detected value;
Wherein, K=0.82 ± 0.13;
3) testing result is judged:
If the A derived derived valueless than the reference limit value of merit base window NOx brake specific exhaust emission, can the tail gas NOx purification plant of the tested heavy-duty car of preliminary judgement working properly, otherwise it is abnormal to work.
8. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 7, is characterized in that: described step 1 and/or step 2 also comprise test data selection link:
If there is CO in measurement data 2concentration is less than the data point of setting threshold value, then regard as running on the lower load point, this data point does not participate in NOx emission coefficient B detected valuecalculating.
9. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 8, is characterized in that: described CO 2the setting threshold value of concentration is 6%.
10. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 7 or 8 or 9, is characterized in that: described K is 0.82.
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