CN104849068B - The quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car - Google Patents
The quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car, this method is using quick on-board emission test system emphasis to NOx in tail gas and CO2Concentration carries out test, uses tail gas NOx and CO2Concentration is calculated based on unit CO2The NOx emission coefficient of discharge, then by the quantity transformational relation between the discharge of work(base window NOx ratio, deriving can be with referring to the heavy-duty car discharge value that limit value is directly compared.The present invention eliminates the measuring and calculating to the work(base window brake specific exhaust emission of the size of work(base window and moving average etc. compared with the European work(base window technique of relative maturity, enormously simplify data analysis work；Being capable of level of NOx emission that is more convenient and rapidly judging heavy-duty car, the spot check discharged for heavy-duty car and road inspection etc..
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of heavy-duty car emission test method, more particularly to a kind of heavy-duty car on-board emission test side
Method.
Background technology
The regulation method of heavy-duty car emission test mainly carries out simulation test on laboratory engine stand.Start
Machine frame test is easily controlled measurement condition, and its test result has preferable repeatability, is current heavy-duty car discharge detection
Middle most common method.
But bench simulation test is the discharge of the working condition measurement engine by setting, it is impossible to which real reflection heavy-duty car is in reality
Discharge characteristics when being travelled on the road of border.To when carrying out emission test with heavy-duty car, engine bench test method is also deposited
Complex operation, time-consuming, it is costly the problems such as.
Supervision demand is discharged for the heavy-duty car real road become increasingly conspicuous, on-board emission test system is developed both at home and abroad
Unite (portable emissions measurement system, PEMS).Heavy-duty car on-board emission test schematic diagram is as schemed
Shown in 1, the system is typically used：
1st, not light splitting infrared analysis (NDIR) measurement CO and CO2；
2nd, THC (total hydrocarbon) is measured with hydrogen flame ionization detector (FID)；
3rd, not light splitting uv analysis method (NDUV) or chemoluminescence method (CLD) measurement NO and NO2；
4th, O is measured with electrochemical process (EC)2；
5th, with tail gas stream flowmeter measurement extraction flow；
6th, with GPS (GPS), the geographical position during heavy-duty car is travelled is recorded by the second and (is passed through
Degree, latitude and height above sea level) and travel speed；
7th, the operational factor (such as rotating speed, moment of torsion, load) of engine is read with OBD code readers (i.e. ECU communication modules).
What on-road emission test was obtained is emission behaviour of the single vehicle on real road, can be motor-driven under the conditions of actual travel
The analysis of car discharge characteristics and simulation provide effective data and supported, but its apparatus assembly is more, operate it is complex, take compared with
Long (about needing 1 day), the heavy-duty car for being mainly used in laws and regulations requirement is emitted on and supervised with accordance, but is difficult to quick inspection
Survey.
The content of the invention
It is an object of the present invention to provide it is a kind of can quickly test great amount of samples, can in time be found in huge fleet it is exceeded
The quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car of vehicle.
The present invention technical solution be：
The quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car that the present invention is used first is introduced first,
It includes air-channel system, exhaust gas analysis system, Data collection and precessing system；The air-channel system include zero gas or
Span gas gas circuit, sample gas disposal unit, waste water and waste gas unit；The sample gas disposal unit include be sequentially connected in series sampling pipe,
Condenser pipe, dehydrater, sample air pump；Waste water and the waste gas unit includes waste pipe and flue gas leading；The entrance of the sampling pipe with
The outlet of heavy-duty car offgas duct is communicated；The gas outlet of the dehydrater is communicated with the entrance of sample air pump, its delivery port and waste pipe
Communicate；The exhaust gas analysis system includes control valve unit, particulate filter, conventional exhaust analyzer；The control valve list
Member includes check valve and triple valve；The entrance of the check valve and zero gas or span gas gas circuit are communicated；Described triple valve A, B, C mouthfuls
Outlet respectively with check valve, the outlet of sample air pump, the entrance of particulate filter are communicated；The conventional exhaust analyzer enters
Mouth is communicated with particulate filter outlet, and its outlet is communicated with flue gas leading；The Data collection and precessing system is deposited including data
Reservoir, data processing and output equipment；
Above-mentioned conventional exhaust analyzer is conventional vehicle exhaust five gas analyzer, its sample frequency >=1Hz, using regardless of
Light infrared method tests CO2/ CO/HC concentration, NOx and O is tested using electrochemical process2Concentration.
Above-mentioned triple valve is used to realize that single A mouths enter C mouthfuls and gone out or single B mouths enter C mouthfuls and gone out.
The method of testing of the present invention has two kinds：
The quick on-board emission test method of the first heavy-duty car, comprises the following steps：
1) conversion coefficient K is determined：
1.1) representational n heavy-duty car is chosen, first using on-board emission test system to i-th heavy-duty car tail
Gas carries out test, obtains the work(base window NOx ratio discharge A in units of g/kWhi；N >=1, i≤n；
1.2) the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car is installed on i-th heavy-duty car, the heavy-duty car is measured
The NOx and CO of tail gas2Concentration, then obtain as the following formula with g/kgCO2For the NOx emission coefficient B of uniti；
In formula：WithRespectively NO2And CO2Molal weight；
ForiHeavy-duty car exhaust emissions NOxAverage instantaneous volumetric concentration, ppm；
ForiHeavy-duty car exhaust emissions CO2Average instantaneous volumetric concentration, %；
1.3) it is calculated as followsiHeavy-duty car conversion coefficient ki：
ki=Ai/Bi；
1.4) n representational heavy-duty car in step 1.1 is carried out and tested, obtain k1、k2……kn, calculate and turn
Change COEFFICIENT K：
2) quick on-board emission test is carried out to heavy-duty car：
The quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car is installed on tested heavy-duty car, measurement heavy-duty car is in actual road
20min tail gas NOx and CO are no less than in the traveling of road2Concentration simultaneously records all measurement data, is asked according still further to the formula of step 1.2
Go out with g/kgCO2For the NOx emission coefficient B of unitDetected value；
3) work(base window NOx ratio discharge A of the tested heavy-duty car in units of g/kWh is derived as the following formulaDerived value：
ADerived value=K × BDetected value；
4) test result is judged：
If the A derivedDerived valueIt is smaller than the reference limit value that work(base window NOx ratio is discharged, can the tested heavy-duty car of preliminary judgement
Tail gas NOx purifiers it is working properly, otherwise work abnormal.
Above-mentioned steps 1.2 and/or step 2 also include test data and select link：If there is CO in measurement data2Concentration is small
In the data point of given threshold, then running on the lower load point is regarded as, the data point is not involved in NOx emission coefficient BDetected valueCalculating.
Above-mentioned CO2The optimum setting threshold value of concentration is 6%.
The quick on-board emission test method of second of heavy-duty car, comprises the following steps：
1) carry out quick vehicle-mounted discharge to heavy-duty car to detect：
The quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car is installed on tested heavy-duty car, measurement heavy-duty car is in actual road
20min tail gas NOx and CO are no less than in the traveling of road2Concentration simultaneously records all measurement data, is obtained according still further to following formula with g/
kgCO2For the NOx emission coefficient B of unitDetected value：
In formula：WithRespectively NO2And CO2Molal weight；
For exhaust emissions NOxAverage external volume concentration, ppm；
For exhaust emissions CO2Average external volume concentration, %.
2) the work(base window NOx ratio discharge of tested heavy-duty car is derived as the following formula：
Work(base window NOx ratio discharge in units of g/kWh：
ADerived value=K × BDetected value；
Wherein, K=0.82 ± 0.13；
3) testing result is judged：
If the A derivedDerived valueIt is smaller than the reference limit value that work(base window NOx ratio is discharged, can the tested heavy-duty car of preliminary judgement
Tail gas NOx purifiers it is working properly, otherwise work abnormal.
Above-mentioned steps 1 and/or step 2 also include test data and select link：If there is CO in measurement data2Concentration is less than
The data point of given threshold, then regard as running on the lower load point, and the data point is not involved in NOx emission coefficient BDetected valueCalculating.
Above-mentioned CO2The optimum setting threshold value of concentration is 6%.
Above-mentioned K preferably 0.82, or according to a certain numerical value between actual conditions selection 0.69~0.95.
Advantages of the present invention：
1st, simple in construction, the low cost for the test system that the present invention is used.Quick on-board emission test method of the invention can
Save the equipment such as tail gas stream gauge, GPS in regulation PEMS systems, it is only necessary to exhaust analyzer one, data output apparatus one
The conventional vehicle exhaust five gas analyzer of (as shown in Figure 2), wherein exhaust analyzer selection, can use vehicle-mounted power supply or volume
Less battery.
2nd, the inventive method is substantially shorter instrument preheating time, and detection cycle is short, less than 30min.
3rd, the inventive method is simple using process.Regulation PEMS methods can be greatly simplified, quick on-board emission test is utilized
System emphasis is to NOx in tail gas and CO2Concentration carries out test, being capable of NOx rows that are more convenient and rapidly judging heavy-duty car
Zoom level, the spot check discharged for heavy-duty car and road inspection etc..
4th, the inventive method is by CO in measurement data2Concentration is less than 6% data point, regards as running on the lower load point, no
Participate in NOx emission coefficient BDetected valueCalculating, improve the reliability of analysis result.
5th, the present invention is tested in advance using n (n >=1) representational heavy-duty car, and passes through specific formulation meter
Calculate conversion coefficient K, it is ensured that the representativeness and accuracy of K values.
Brief description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is existing heavy-duty car on-board emission test schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is the quick on-board emission test schematic diagram of heavy-duty car of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is the quick vehicle-mounted discharge system principle schematic diagram of heavy-duty car that the present invention is used；
Fig. 4 is parameter K matched curve examples.
Embodiment
Quick on-board emission test system of the invention only needs exhaust analyzer one, data output apparatus one, can be used for
Spot check and road inspection of heavy-duty car discharge etc..
Quick on-board emission test system of the invention, which includes air-channel system, includes zero gas or span gas gas circuit, sample gas disposal list
Member, waste water and waste gas unit；Sample gas disposal unit includes the sampling pipe being sequentially connected in series, condenser pipe, dehydrater, sample air pump；Waste water
Include waste pipe and flue gas leading with waste gas unit；The entrance of sampling pipe is communicated with the outlet of heavy-duty car offgas duct；Dehydrater goes out
Gas port is communicated with the entrance of sample air pump, and its delivery port is communicated with waste pipe；Exhaust gas analysis system includes control valve unit, particulate matter
Filter, conventional exhaust analyzer；Control valve unit includes check valve and triple valve；The entrance of check valve and zero gas or span gas
Gas circuit is communicated；The outlet respectively with check valve of A, B, C mouthfuls of triple valve, the outlet of sample air pump, the entrance of particulate filter are communicated；
The entrance of conventional exhaust analyzer is communicated with particulate filter outlet, and its outlet is communicated with flue gas leading；Triple valve is used to realize
Single A mouths enter C mouthfuls and gone out or single B mouths enter C mouthfuls and gone out, i.e., enter particulate matter for switching zero gas (or span gas) and sample gas
Filter；Data collection and precessing system includes data storage, data processing and output equipment.
The conventional vehicle exhaust five gas analyzer (CO of exhaust analyzer selection2/ CO/HC concentration determinations are red using not light splitting
Outer method (NDIR)；NOx and O2Concentration determination uses electrochemical method), sample frequency is 1Hz, real-time testing heavy-duty car tail
Concentration (the CO of gas pollutant2For %, remaining component is ppm).The quick vehicle-mounted discharge system principle schematic diagram such as Fig. 3 of heavy-duty car
It is shown.It is many compared to regulation PEMS simple systems, the battery of vehicle-mounted power supply or small volume can be used, Fig. 1 can also be saved
In the equipment such as tail gas stream gauge, GPS, and greatly shorten instrument preheating time.
This method simple operation, takes short (~30min), is possible to more convenient and rapidly judges heavy-duty car
Level of NOx emission, filters out the vehicle with much emission of tail gas clean-up technology (such as SCR) failure, thus carry out further supervision (including
Regulation is tested) and remedial efforts.
Tail gas NOx and CO can be used only in quick on-board emission test method of the invention2Concentration is calculated based on unit CO2Row
The NOx emission coefficient put, then by the quantity transformational relation between the discharge of work(base window NOx ratio, deriving can limit with reference
The heavy-duty car discharge value that value directly compares.Compared with the European work(base window technique of relative maturity, eliminate to work(base window
The measuring and calculating of the work(base window brake specific exhaust emission of size and moving average etc., enormously simplify data analysis work.
To same representational heavy-duty car, obtained using on-board emission test method (PEMS) using g/kWh to be single
The work(base window NOx ratio discharge of position；The NOx emission system in units of g/kgCO2 is obtained using quick on-board emission test method
Number, and draw conversion coefficient therebetween.Analyzed by the test data to many heavy-duty cars, as a result show quick
Preferable linear relationship and on-board emission test method is presented in units of g/kWh in on-board emission test method NOx emission coefficient
Work(base window NOx ratio discharge (as shown in Figure 4), the two conversion coefficient K=0.82 ± 0.13.
For other heavy-duty cars, can by quick on-board emission test method NOx emission coefficient (g/kgCO2) derive
Work(base window NOx ratio discharge (g/kWh) in units of g/kWh, (such as DB11-965 work(base window technique discharge is limited with reference limit value
Value) contrast, can preliminary judgement be tested heavy-duty car tail gas NOx purifiers work it is whether normal.For example to state's quadruple
Type diesel vehicle, the NOx emission coefficient of quick on-board emission test method is 12g/kgCO2When, derive that work(base window NOx ratio is arranged
About 10g/kWh is put, (is 7g/ in DB11-965 by the reference limit value discharged with state four heavy-duty diesel vehicle work(base window NOx ratio
KWh) compare, can tentatively judge that the work of its tail gas NOx purifiers is abnormal.
It can not truly reflect the height of emission level in view of the NOx ratio discharge under engine low load working condition,
Therefore when calculating NOx ratio discharge, it is necessary to which running on the lower load is removed.The work(base window technique of on-board emission test method is only by window
Mouthful mean power is not less than 20% data point as valid data.In order to be converted with the discharge of work(base window NOx ratio, do not having
In the case of having load data, CO can be used2Concentration is used as reference, i.e. CO2Concentration is effective higher than the data of a certain reference value.CO2
The selection principle of concentration reference value is, in CO2, in concentration-power relation figure, it is ensured that on the premise of enough valid data
Ask point of the power percentage less than 20% to try one's best few, found by analyzing substantial amounts of test data, the CO of diesel engine2Concentration of emission
There is significant positive correlation with power percentage, and CO is used as using 6%2The reference value of concentration is proper.
Quick on-board emission test method cannot be only used for the quick judgement of heavy-duty car NOx emission controlled level, may be used also
To be generalized in non-rice habitats engineering machinery, for quickly analyzing in the NOx emission controlled level with engineering machinery, to strengthen non-road
The NOx emission supervision of road engineering machinery.
Claims (7)
1. a kind of quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1) conversion coefficient K is determined：
1.1) representational n heavy-duty car is chosen, first i-th heavy-duty car tail gas is opened using on-board emission test system
Exhibition test, obtains the work(base window NOx ratio discharge A in units of g/kWhi；N >=1, i≤n；
1.2) the quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car is installed on i-th heavy-duty car, the heavy-duty car tail gas is measured
NOx and CO2Concentration, then obtain as the following formula with g/kgCO2For the NOx emission coefficient B of uniti；
In formula：WithRespectively NO2And CO2Molal weight；
For i-th heavy-duty car exhaust emissions NOxAverage instantaneous volumetric concentration, ppm；
For i-th heavy-duty car exhaust emissions CO2Average instantaneous volumetric concentration, %；
1.3) i-th heavy-duty car conversion coefficient k is calculated as followsi：
ki=Ai/Bi；
1.4) n representational heavy-duty car in step 1.1 is carried out and tested, obtain k1、k2……kn, calculate conversion system
Number K：
2) quick on-board emission test is carried out to heavy-duty car：
The quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car is installed on tested heavy-duty car, measurement heavy-duty car is in real road row
20min tail gas NOx and CO are no less than in sailing2Concentration simultaneously records all measurement data, according still further to step 1.2 formula obtain with
g/kgCO2For the NOx emission coefficient B of unitDetected value；
3) work(base window NOx ratio discharge A of the tested heavy-duty car in units of g/kWh is derived as the following formulaDerived value：
ADerived value=K × BDetected value；
4) test result is judged：
If the A derivedDerived valueThan work(base window NOx ratio discharge reference limit value it is small, can preliminary judgement be detected heavy-duty car tail
Gas NOx purifiers are working properly, otherwise work abnormal.
2. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：The step 1.2 and/
Or step 2 also includes test data and selects link：
If there is CO in measurement data2Concentration is less than the data point of given threshold, then regards as running on the lower load point, the data point
It is not involved in NOx emission coefficient BDetected valueCalculating.
3. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 2, it is characterised in that：The CO2Concentration is set
It is 6% to determine threshold value.
4. a kind of quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car, it is characterised in that：Comprise the following steps：
1) carry out quick vehicle-mounted discharge to heavy-duty car to detect：
The quick on-board emission test system of heavy-duty car is installed on tested heavy-duty car, measurement heavy-duty car is in real road row
20min tail gas NOx and CO are no less than in sailing2Concentration simultaneously records all measurement data, is obtained according still further to following formula with g/kgCO2For
The NOx emission coefficient B of unitDetected value：
In formula：WithRespectively NO2And CO2Molal weight；
For exhaust emissions NOxAverage external volume concentration, ppm；
For exhaust emissions CO2Average external volume concentration, %；
2) the work(base window NOx ratio discharge of tested heavy-duty car is derived as the following formula：
Work(base window NOx ratio discharge in units of g/kWh：
ADerived value=K × BDetected value；
Wherein, K=0.82 ± 0.13；
3) testing result is judged：
If the A derivedDerived valueThan work(base window NOx ratio discharge reference limit value it is small, can preliminary judgement be detected heavy-duty car tail
Gas NOx purifiers are working properly, otherwise work abnormal.
5. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 4, it is characterised in that：The step 1 and/or
Step 2 also includes test data and selects link：
If there is CO in measurement data2Concentration is less than the data point of given threshold, then regards as running on the lower load point, the data point
It is not involved in NOx emission coefficient BDetected valueCalculating.
6. the quick on-board emission test method of heavy-duty car according to claim 5, it is characterised in that：The CO2Concentration is set
It is 6% to determine threshold value.
7. the quick on-board emission test method of the heavy-duty car according to claim 4 or 5 or 6, it is characterised in that：The K is
0.82。
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