CN211528314U - Heavy-duty car tail gas emission follows car test system - Google Patents
Heavy-duty car tail gas emission follows car test system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
For effectively solving heavy-duty car exhaust emissions test problem, the utility model provides a comparatively accurate heavy-duty car exhaust emissions of efficiency of software testing height, test result follows car test system, including the instrument car that is used for carrying on test instrument, set up pollutant test instrument, sampling pipe, battery unit, global satellite positioning system, millimeter wave radar distancer, small-size meteorological station, thermometer, high definition digtal camera on the instrument car. Compare with traditional on-vehicle test mode, the utility model discloses transport and the installation work of instrument when having reduced at every turn the test, build the completion back with car test system, only need after testing at every turn for battery unit charge can. And the target vehicle is tested in a short distance by using the vehicle following test system, and the captured tail gas can reflect the actual road working condition and the atmospheric dilution condition.
Description
Technical Field
The utility model relates to a heavy automobile exhaust discharges with car test system, is particularly useful for the big appearance and discharges characteristic test and analysis from this actual road of car flow.
Background
The combined features of high-speed growth, high-frequency use and high concentration of chinese motor vehicles have a serious impact on the air quality in regions and cities. Among them, heavy-duty vehicles are far higher in the amount of nitrogen oxides and particulate matters discharged than light-duty vehicles, and are more important contributors to atmospheric pollution. In order to better manage the emission of heavy-duty vehicles, a great deal of test and research work needs to be carried out.
Traditionally, heavy-duty automobiles (or engines) have been subjected primarily to simulation tests on laboratory benches, or to actual road on-board tests. Although the bench test in the laboratory is easy to control the test working condition, the test result has good repeatability, but the bench test cannot cover the actual use working condition of the heavy-duty automobile, so the real level of the emission of the automobile on the actual road cannot be reflected, the test period is long, and the sample amount is less. Although the vehicle-mounted test can reflect the actual road running conditions, the test cost is higher, the instrument arrangement and debugging are complex, and the problems of long test period and small sample size exist.
The existing vehicle following test system needs to manually record the license plate information, and is time-consuming and labor-consuming; judging whether the distance between the front vehicle and the front vehicle meets the requirement or not by artificial naked eyes; the environment temperature of a pollutant testing instrument is changed in the vehicle-following testing process; and the time resolution and the measurement resolution of the test instrument are lower, so that the existing car following test system has the defects of low test efficiency and lower test result accuracy.
SUMMERY OF THE UTILITY MODEL
For overcoming current with car test system efficiency of software testing low, not consider with car test process in ambient temperature change, and instrument time resolution and the lower technical problem of measurement resolution, the utility model provides a heavy automobile exhaust emission is with car test system.
The technical solution of the utility model is that:
heavy-duty car exhaust emission follows car test system, its special character lies in: the device comprises an instrument vehicle for carrying a test instrument, and a pollutant test instrument, a sampling pipe, a battery unit, a global satellite positioning system, a millimeter wave radar range finder, a small weather station, a temperature instrument, a high-definition camera and a computer which are arranged on the instrument vehicle;
the pollutant testing instrument is arranged in the instrument vehicle, and a damping unit is arranged between the pollutant testing instrument and the instrument vehicle; the pollutant tester comprises a gaseous pollutant tester and a particulate matter tester; the gaseous pollutant tester comprises CO2Instrument, NOXInstrument and NO instrument; the particulate matter tester comprises a BC instrument and a PM instrument2.5Instrument, PN1Instrument and PN0.56Measuring;
the sampling pipe air inlet is positioned at a position which is 0.3-0.6m away from the ground in front of the instrument vehicle, the sampling pipe extends into the instrument vehicle from the air inlet along the vehicle body, and the bending angle at any position on the sampling pipe is an obtuse angle; the sampling pipe is divided into three paths after entering the instrument vehicle: one way connection NOXInstrument, NO instrument and CO2Instrument, one path connecting PM2.5Instrument and BC instrument, one path connecting PN1Instrument and PN0.56Measuring;
the battery unit is used for providing stable working electricity for the pollutant testing instrument;
the global satellite positioning system is used for recording the geographic position and the running speed of the instrument vehicle by seconds;
the millimeter wave radar range finder is used for measuring the distance between the instrument vehicle and the target vehicle second by second;
the small meteorological station is arranged outside the instrument vehicle body and is used for acquiring meteorological conditions of a test road;
the temperature instrument is used for acquiring the temperature in the instrument vehicle in real time;
the high-definition camera is arranged on the roof of the instrument vehicle and used for recognizing license plate information of a target vehicle. Utilize the utility model discloses follow the car test, the pollutant data who acquires can be sent for the rear end computer for rear end data processing.
Further, the system also comprises a computer; the computer comprises a background database, a data integration unit and a data processing unit; the background database stores the fuel types corresponding to the heavy-duty vehicles based on the license plate numbers and the mass ratios of carbon elements in various types of fuels; the data integration unit is connected with each pollutant testing instrument; the data integration unit is used for storing the test data of the pollutant test instrument and transmitting the test data to the data processing unit; the data processing unit acquires the fuel type and the corresponding carbon content ratio used by the target vehicle from the background database according to the license plate information of the target vehicle, and acquires a pollutant emission factor after processing by combining the received test data of the pollutant test instrument.
Furthermore, the automobile data recorder is fixed on the front windshield of the instrument.
Further, CO2The measuring range of the instrument is 0-20000 ppm, and the measurement resolution is at least 0.01 ppm;
the measuring range of the BC instrument is 0.01-100 mu g/m3With a measurement resolution of at least 0.001. mu.g/m3；
NOXThe measuring range of the instrument and the NO instrument is 0-50000 ppb, and the measuring resolution is at least 0.01 ppb;
PM2.5the measuring range of the instrument is 0.001-400 mg/m3The measurement resolution is at least 0.001mg/m3；
PN1The measuring range of the instrument is 0-1 × 105Per cm3The measurement resolution is at least 1/cm3；
PN0.56The measuring range of the instrument is 200-1 × 106Per cm3The measurement resolution is at least 1/cm3。
CO2Instrument, BC instrument, NOXInstrument, NO instrument, PN1Instrument and PN0.56The time resolution of the instrument is at least 1 s.
Compared with the prior art, the utility model has the advantages that:
1. the utility model discloses a with car test system can be used to the test of discharging by second of actual road motor vehicle exhaust.
2. Compare with traditional on-vehicle test mode, the utility model discloses transport and the installation work of instrument when having reduced at every turn the test, build the completion back with car test system, only need after testing at every turn for battery unit charge can.
3. The utility model discloses can carry out closely the test to the target car with car test system, the tail gas of seizure can reflect actual road operating mode and atmosphere dilution condition.
4. The utility model discloses with car test system, efficiency of software testing is high, can follow car 30 to 50 times every day usually, can realize big sample test, has reduced the test cost.
5. The utility model discloses utilize high definition digtal camera automatic identification license plate information to can be fast with license plate information transmission to backstage database, can acquire target vehicle's emission data, can be fast, high-efficient discovery high emission vehicle.
6. The utility model discloses the environmental temperature and humidity when considering to carry out instrument calibration before the test often differs great with the actual humiture in the instrument car when following the car test, and NOXNO of instrumental testXThe volume concentration value can be influenced by the ambient temperature, so that a temperature meter is arranged in the instrument car to monitor the temperature in the instrument car in real time, and the temperature in the instrument car is controlled to be the same as the temperature when the zero point and the measuring range point of the instrument are calibrated before testing each time by adjusting the air conditioner in the instrument car, so that the tested NO is enabled to be testedXThe volume concentration is more accurate.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is the utility model discloses heavy-duty car exhaust emissions follows car test system's schematic structure diagram.
Fig. 2 is a flow chart of a method for performing a car following test according to the present invention.
Reference numerals: 1-sampling tube, 2-instrument vehicle.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further explained with reference to the accompanying drawings.
As shown in fig. 1, the utility model provides a heavy-duty car exhaust emissions is with car test system, including being used for carrying on the instrument car of test instrument, set up pollutant test instrument, sampling pipeline, battery unit, Global Positioning System (GPS), millimeter wave radar distancer, vehicle event data recorder, small-size meteorological station, high definition digtal camera, computer (data integration and processing unit and backstage database) on the instrument car.
The instrument vehicle should ensure the installation space of each instrument, equipment and battery unit, the flexibility of vehicle running and the dynamic property of the instrument vehicle should be enough to facilitate overtaking.
The pollutant testing instrument is arranged in the instrument vehicle, and a damping unit (such as a rubber pad, damping foam and the like) is arranged between the pollutant testing instrument and the instrument vehicle; the pollutant testing instrument comprises a gaseous pollutant testing instrument and a particulate matter testing instrument; the gaseous pollutant testing instrument comprises a carbon dioxide (CO) instrument2Instrument), nitrogen oxide instrument (NO)XInstrument) and nitric oxide instrument (NO instrument); the particulate matter testing instrument comprises a black carbon instrument (BC instrument) and a fine particulate matter (particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 2.5 microns) mass instrument (PM)2.5Instrument), superfine particulate matter (particulate matter with aerodynamic equivalent diameter less than or equal to 1 micron) digital instrument (PN)1Instrument) and particle size spectrometer (PN) with aerodynamic equivalent diameter of 0.005-0.56 micron0.56Meter).
Each contaminant testing instrument needs to perform a second-by-second measurement, i.e., a temporal resolution of at least 1 s. In the following test, the tail gas emitted by the target vehicle is diluted by the atmosphere and then is measured by a pollutant testing instrument, so that the measured pollutant concentration is between the pollutant concentration of the vehicle-mounted test and the environmental atmospheric pollutant concentration. Therefore, in addition to the principle of the pollutant testing instrument, the method also provides suggestions for the testing range and the measuring resolution of the pollutant testing instrument, so that the measured pollutant concentration is more accurate, and the method specifically comprises the following steps:
non-dispersive infrared analysis (NDIR) for CO measurement2And measuring range: 0 to 20000ppm, and the measurement resolution is at least 0.01 ppm.
Chemiluminescence (CLD) measures NO and NOx, range: 0.05-50000 ppb, and the measurement resolution is at least 0.01 ppb.
BC is measured by optical absorption principle, range: 0.01 to 100 μ g/m3With a measurement resolution of at least 0.001. mu.g/m3。
Measurement of PM by light scattering2.5Mass concentration of particulate matter, range: 0.001 to 400mg/m3The measurement resolution is at least 0.001mg/m3。
The suspended steam is condensed on the surface of the fine particles to reach the optical monitoring range, and then PN is measured by a light scattering method1Number concentration of particulate matter, range 0-1 × 105Pieces/cm 3, and the measurement resolution is at least 1 piece/cm3。
Measuring PN by electromigration principle0.56Range of 200 to 1 × 106Per cm3The measurement resolution is at least 1/cm3。
The sampling pipe (preferably made of stainless steel) extends into the instrument vehicle from a position 0.3-0.6m away from the ground outside the instrument vehicle along the vehicle body, and the bending angle of any position of the sampling pipe is an obtuse angle so as to reduce the loss of flow and substances; the sampling pipe is divided into three paths after entering the instrument vehicle: one way connection NOXInstrument, NO instrument and CO2Instrument, one path connecting PM2.5Instrument and BC instrument, one path connecting PN1Instrument and PN0.56Provided is an instrument. The vacuum air pumps of all instruments are used for pumping air, so that the tail gas discharged by the front target vehicle is diluted by the atmosphere and then is rapidly conveyed to the pollutant testing instrument through the sampling pipe, and the pollutant concentration is obtained by the pollutant testing instrument.
The battery unit is used for providing stable working electricity for the pollutant testing instrument, and the battery unit can adopt a storage battery.
The Global Positioning System (GPS) is fixed in the instrument vehicle through an instrument stand and is used for recording the geographic position (longitude and latitude) and the running speed of the instrument vehicle by seconds;
the millimeter wave radar range finder is used for measuring the distance between the instrument vehicle and the target vehicle second by second, so that the distance between the instrument vehicle and the target vehicle is kept at a certain distance. In the traditional test method, the instrument vehicle speed is used for replacing the target vehicle speed, and the obtained target vehicle speed is not accurate enough. The utility model discloses a distance between millimeter wave radar test instrument car and the target car combines instrument car speed and the acceleration that global positioning system installed on the instrument car records to obtain accurate target car speed and acceleration (the vehicle discharges and is related to rather than operating mode such as speed and acceleration), for the operating condition and the emission condition of accurately knowing the target car make contributions.
The automobile data recorder is fixed on the front windshield of the instrument vehicle and used for recording the test field condition in real time for subsequent checking.
The small-sized meteorological station is arranged outside the instrument vehicle body and is used for acquiring meteorological conditions such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and wind direction of the following test road environment.
Because the following test of one day usually needs to last 4-5 hours, the difference between the environmental temperature and humidity during instrument calibration before the test and the temperature and humidity in the instrument car during the actual following test is often larger, and NO isXNO of instrumental testXThe volume concentration value can be influenced by the ambient temperature, therefore, a temperature instrument is arranged in the instrument car, the temperature instrument is used for acquiring the temperature in the instrument car during car following test in real time, the temperature in the instrument car is controlled by adjusting an air conditioner in the instrument car, the temperature is the same as the temperature during zero point and range point calibration of the instrument before test at each time, and the tested NO is enabled to be testedXThe volume concentration is more accurate.
The high-definition camera is arranged on the roof of the instrument vehicle and used for recognizing the license plate number information of the target vehicle and sending the license plate number information to the data processing unit.
The computer comprises a background database, a data integration unit and a data processing unit; the background database stores the information of the heavy-duty car corresponding to the license plate number, the mass ratio of carbon elements in each type of fuel and the like; the data integration unit is connected with the pollutant testing instrument; the data integration unit is used for storing the test data of the pollutant test instrument and transmitting the test data to the data processing unit; the data processing unit acquires the type of fuel used by the target vehicle, the corresponding carbon content ratio and the emission standard from the background database according to the license plate information of the target vehicle, and acquires a pollutant emission factor after processing by combining the received test data of the integrated pollutant testing instrument.
The following test is preferably carried out on an expressway or an open road, and the selection of the road with dense and congested vehicles is avoided so as to reduce the influence of surrounding vehicles on the target vehicle tail gas emission test; the meteorological conditions during the following test should satisfy the atmospheric diffusion conditions better, and the air quality index PM2.5Should be less than 100. mu.g/m3(ii) a The road background concentration during the following test cannot be too high, especially the CO2Road background concentration, therefore, CO is selected as much as possible during the test2Periods and routes where background concentrations of contaminants are low, or where CO is favored2And waiting for the road with the spread of the background concentration of the pollutant road and the meteorological conditions. Therefore, in order to improve the accuracy of the car following test result, a proper car following time period and/or a car following route can be selected according to the meteorological conditions, the road congestion condition and the road background concentration. In addition, when the car-following test is carried out, a target car is randomly selected to carry out the car-following test, so that a test sample is more representative.
Before the following test operation flow is developed, the equal time of the automobile data recorder is adjusted to be consistent with the computer time, and all the time is based on the computer time for integrating all the data. At the laboratory site (origin), the corresponding standard gas is used for CO2Instrument, NOXThe method comprises the following steps of calibrating a zero point and a measuring range point of a gas pollution tester such as an instrument and an NO instrument by a two-point method, calibrating a zero point of a high efficiency air filter (HEPA) for a particulate matter tester, and performing leak detection operation on an injection port and a total injection port (sampling tube) of each instrument through a flowmeter. After the test of one day is finished, the corresponding standard gas is used for verifying the test concentration of each instrument after the test of one day is returned to the laboratory base so as to confirm whether the instrument operates normally on the day.
As shown in fig. 2, the method for following the car test of the utility model is specifically as follows:
step 1, collecting road background concentration for at least 1min, wherein the emission influence of other vehicles in front of an instrument vehicle within 50m is kept as much as possible in the collection process, and the lane where the instrument vehicle is located is kept as same as the lane where a tracked target vehicle is located;
because the tail license plate of the trailer truck is the trailer license plate, the head license plate is the license plate number capable of inquiring the emission standard and the like, and the two are different, in this case, the license plate number of the tail of the target truck is identified, and the license plate number of the head of the target truck is also identified, so that the information of the emission standard and the like of the truck can be inquired from the background database. The situation that the license plate numbers of two vehicles are the same but the license plate background colors are different can occur, so that the license plate background colors need to be recognized while the license plate numbers are recognized. The license plate has three colors of yellow, blue and green, the blue license plate is a mini-car with a style such as [ Jing A.12345 ], the yellow license plate is a large-car, a motorcycle, a driving school coach car and a container truck trailer, the yellow license plate has a style substantially the same as that of the blue license plate, except that the coach car license plate and the trailer license plate are different, such as [ Jing A.1234 school ] and [ Jing A.1234 trailer ], and the license plate with the green ground color is a new energy vehicle.
When the following distance is less than 5m, in addition to the reduction of safety, the too close following distance can cause the concentration of the collected pollutants to approach or exceed the maximum measurable value of a test instrument, and the obtained test data is not accurate enough; when the following distance is more than 30m, the concentration of the collected pollutants is obviously reduced and CO is reduced due to the rapid diffusion and dilution of the pollutants2Reduced correlation with contaminantsRemarkably, no effective pollutant emission factor can be obtained. Therefore, when the following test is carried out, the instrument vehicle should keep a distance of 5-30m from the target vehicle. Millimeter wave radar distancer can automatic measurement appearance car and the distance of place ahead target vehicle, when following the car distance and being less than 5m or being greater than 30m, millimeter wave radar distancer can automatic alarm remind. In addition, the real-time speed of the target vehicle can be obtained through the speed of the instrument vehicle and the distance between the instrument vehicle and the target vehicle. When the speed of the target vehicle is less than 60km/h, the following distance can be 15-20 m; when the speed of the target vehicle is 60-80km/h, the following distance is 20 m; when the speed of the target vehicle is more than 90km/h, the following distance is 20-30 m. In addition, if the target vehicle displacement is small, the measured CO is2When the fuel tracer is small, the following distance can be properly reduced under the condition of ensuring safety; conversely, when the target vehicle displacement is larger, i.e., the measured pollutant concentration increase is larger, the following distance can be increased appropriately.
Step 3, when the data sample size exceeds the set sample size (for example, 120), the data processing unit sends a signal, and after receiving the signal, the driver starts to exceed the target vehicle and clicks the 'end time' when leaving the tail of the target vehicle; when overtaking, the high-definition camera automatically identifies the number of the head license plate and the ground color of the license plate of the target vehicle.
And 4, after overtaking, acquiring the road background concentration on the original lane for at least 1min to finish a test cycle.
One test cycle lasts about 5min, and typically 30 to 50 tests a day can be performed.
After a test cycle is completed, the carbon balance method can be used for calculating the pollutant emission factor of the target vehicle: following test of i-th vehicle heavy vehicle, measurement of pollutants and CO emitted by the heavy vehicle2The concentration of the pollutant NO in g/kg fuel is obtained according to the following formulaXEmission factor EF of BCP；
In the formula:
Δ[i]＝[i]-[i]0；i＝CO2、P(NOXcontaminants such as BC); delta [ i ]]Represents the increment of the contaminant i, [ i]Represents the concentration of the pollutant i obtained by the following vehicle testing instrument, [ i]0A road background concentration value representing a pollutant i; with CO2For example, Δ [ CO ]2]CO emitted for target vehicle2Concentration of tail gas after atmospheric dilution, [ CO ]2]Is CO2CO measured by instrument2Concentration, [ CO ]2]0Represents CO2Road background density of (1).
EFPRepresents the number of grams of pollutant P discharged per kg of fuel, and the unit is g/kg of fuel;
MWCMW is the molecular weight of carbon;
ωCis the mass ratio of carbon element in the fuel used by the target vehicle.
taAnd tbRepresenting the start and end times of the integration, respectively.
Road background concentration value [ i ] of pollutant i0]Including CO2Calculating background values and calculating background values of other pollutants;
the CO is2Calculating the background value by using a sliding percentage method and a slope method, and selecting the calculation result according to the following principle:
if CO is collected2And NOXWhen the linear correlation r of (A) is 0.6 or more, CO obtained by the gradient method is selected2The background value is involved in the subsequent emission factor calculation;
if CO is collected2And NOXWhen the correlation r is less than 0.6, CO obtained by the sliding percentage method is selected2The background value is involved in the subsequent emission factor calculation;
the other contaminant background value is calculated as NOXAnd BC, using a 5 s-0% slip percentage method.
In order to improve the calculation accuracy of the emission factor in consideration of different response times of different instruments, data alignment is performed before step 5:
firstly, transmitting car following test data acquired by all instruments to the same computer platform;
secondly, with CO2Taking the concentration as a reference, performing time translation on the collected pollutant concentration raw data, and calculating to use CO when the correlation is maximum2Shifting the original data of the pollutant concentration according to the delay time difference between the instruments, and measuring the original data of the multiple pollutant concentrations and CO2And carrying out accurate time matching on the data.
Claims (2)
1. Heavy-duty car exhaust emission follows car test system, its characterized in that: the device comprises an instrument vehicle for carrying a test instrument, and a pollutant test instrument, a sampling pipe, a battery unit, a global satellite positioning system, a millimeter wave radar range finder, a small weather station, a temperature instrument and a high-definition camera which are arranged on the instrument vehicle;
the pollutant testing instrument is arranged in the instrument vehicle, and a damping unit is arranged between the pollutant testing instrument and the instrument vehicle; the pollutant tester comprises a gaseous pollutant tester and a particulate matter tester; the gaseous pollutant tester comprises CO2Instrument, NOXInstrument and NO instrument; the particulate matter tester comprises a BC instrument and a PM instrument2.5Instrument, PN1Instrument and PN0.56Measuring;
the sampling pipe air inlet is positioned at a position which is 0.3-0.6m away from the ground in front of the instrument vehicle, the sampling pipe extends into the instrument vehicle from the air inlet along the vehicle body, and the bending angle at any position on the sampling pipe is an obtuse angle; the sampling pipe is divided into three paths after entering the instrument vehicle: one way connection NOXInstrument, NO instrument and CO2Instrument, one path connecting PM2.5Instrument and BC instrument, one path connecting PN1Instrument and PN0.56Measuring;
the battery unit is used for providing stable working electricity for the pollutant testing instrument;
the global satellite positioning system is used for recording the geographic position and the running speed of the instrument vehicle by seconds;
the millimeter wave radar range finder is used for measuring the distance between the instrument vehicle and the target vehicle second by second;
the small meteorological station is arranged outside the instrument vehicle body and is used for acquiring meteorological conditions of a test road;
the temperature instrument is used for acquiring the temperature in the instrument vehicle in real time;
the high-definition camera is arranged on the roof of the instrument vehicle and used for identifying license plate information of a target vehicle;
the system also comprises a computer; the computer comprises a background database, a data integration unit and a data processing unit; the background database stores the fuel types corresponding to the heavy-duty vehicles based on the license plate numbers and the mass ratios of carbon elements in various types of fuels; the data integration unit is connected with each pollutant testing instrument; the data integration unit is used for storing the test data of the pollutant test instrument and transmitting the test data to the data processing unit; the data processing unit acquires the fuel type and the corresponding carbon content ratio used by the target vehicle from the background database according to the license plate information of the target vehicle, combines the received test data of the pollutant test instrument, and acquires a pollutant emission factor after processing;
CO2the measuring range of the instrument is 0-20000 ppm, and the measurement resolution is at least 0.01 ppm;
the measuring range of the BC instrument is 0.01-100 mu g/m3With a measurement resolution of at least 0.001. mu.g/m3；
NOXThe measuring range of the instrument and the NO instrument is 0-50000 ppb, and the measuring resolution is at least 0.01 ppb;
PM2.5the measuring range of the instrument is 0.001-400 mg/m3The measurement resolution is at least 0.001mg/m3；
PN1The measuring range of the instrument is 0-1 × 105Per cm3The measurement resolution is at least 1/cm3；
PN0.56The measuring range of the instrument is 200-1 × 106Per cm3The measurement resolution is at least 1/cm3；
CO2Instrument, BC instrument, NOXInstrument, NO instrument, PN1Instrument and PN0.56Time of the instrumentThe resolution is at least 1 s.
2. The heavy-duty vehicle exhaust emission follow-up test system according to claim 1, characterized in that: the automobile data recorder is fixed on the front windshield of the instrument.
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