CN104848416A - 交流电和光伏直流电两用手动控制的冷空调 - Google Patents

交流电和光伏直流电两用手动控制的冷空调 Download PDF

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CN104848416A
CN104848416A CN201510169964.3A CN201510169964A CN104848416A CN 104848416 A CN104848416 A CN 104848416A CN 201510169964 A CN201510169964 A CN 201510169964A CN 104848416 A CN104848416 A CN 104848416A
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strip
direct current
alternating current
cold air
air conditioner
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CN104848416B (zh
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丁樟富
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Rizhao Chaoyi New Energy Co.,Ltd.
Shandong Xintai Lai Optoelectronics Co.,Ltd.
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24FAIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F1/00Room units for air-conditioning, e.g. separate or self-contained units or units receiving primary air from a central station
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02MAPPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/10Arrangements incorporating converting means for enabling loads to be operated at will from different kinds of power supplies, e.g. from ac or dc
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02BCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10Photovoltaic [PV]
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Control Of Multiple Motors (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

一种交流电和光伏直流电两用手动控制的冷空调。由冷空调装置和交直流两用动力装置、交直流两用电源转换装置三部分组成。汽车上的冷空调,由压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器总成、储液干燥器、节流装置五大部份组成,用软管连接。交直流两用动力装置,由交直流两用串激电机、皮带轮和在压缩机上的电磁离合器组成。交直流两用电源转换装置,由交直流两用输出12V开关电源、交直流两用电机转换闸刀、直流抑弧闸刀组成。这种交流电和光伏直流电两用手动控制的冷空调,采用汽车空调总成,体积小效率高又不怕震动,用光伏直流电,不会打弧,也可用普通的交流电,节能又方便。适合已建成“直用式光伏发电”的家庭使用。

Description

交流电和光伏直流电两用手动控制的冷空调
所属技术领域
本发明涉及一种家用电器,尤其是交直流两用的冷空调。
背景技术
目前,公知的家用冷空调,都是用交流电供电的,汽车上的冷空调,其体积小效率高,又不怕震动,但是汽车冷空调的压缩机是汽车发动机带动的。为了节能环保,有关单位现已遂步推广本人的专利“家庭双轨制电源的不用、少用、直用系统”(ZL201220245052.1)现简称为“直用式光伏发电”。汽车冷空调用180V到220V光伏直流电给直流电动机供电,用直流电动机来带动汽车上的冷空调,这个设想大家都说不错,在试验中,汽车冷空调,用大功率的交流电机来带动压缩机没有问题,但用直流电机时,因电机功率大,当开关打开和关断电机电源时,开关要拉弧,本人曾用30安培的交流电乒乓开关,也因拉弧,只能使用一、二次,开关触点便烧断或粘连。为了能使交流电和光伏直流电两用,找一种能用交、直流两用的电机又成了问题。
发明内容
为了克服目前汽车冷空调使用大功率的直流电机时,开关因拉弧造成触点烧断和粘连的问题,用闸刀解决了这个问题,为了寻找交直流两用电机,经过多次研究试验发现,在现有的交流电机中,转子是线圈、定子是永磁的和励磁的,用180V到220V直流电时大部分也可用,但是串激电机是首选,串激电机是交直流两用电动机,故又叫通用电动机,功率几百瓦到几千瓦都有,适合各种大小空调选用。
本发明解决其技术问题所采用的技术方案是:它由冷空调装置和交直流两用动力装置、交直流两用电源转换装置三部分组成。汽车上的冷空调,由压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器总成、储液干燥器、节流装置五大部份组成,用软管连接。这里要说明的,蒸发器总成包括了蒸发器、温度传感控制器、手动控制装置以及压缩机上的电磁离合器控制线路。交直流两用动力装置,由交直流两用电动机(串激电机)、皮带轮、皮带、拉紧轮、和在压缩机上的电磁离合器组成。交直流两用电源转换装置,由交直流两用输出12V开关电源、交直流电机转换闸刀、直流电抑弧闸刀组成。其制冷过程工作原理是:当交直流电动机接通电源后,电机转动,当手动旋转蒸发器的开关旋钮后,电磁离合器吸合,压缩机工作,把制冷液压缩成高温高压的蒸气,送到冷凝器,经凤扇吹出,散热于机体外,把中温高压的液体,经储液干燥器和节流装置,变成低温低压的液体送入室内蒸发器,吸热后变成中温低压的气体,返回压缩机,开始第二次循环。空调冷凝器的散热凤扇、蒸发器总成上送冷风的贯流风扇、电磁离合器,用12V直流电供电,研制交直流两用的输出为12V大电流的电源,也是交直流冷空调的一个难题,解剖交流电输出12V直流电的开关电源,例如台式电脑上的电源盒,它是由交流220V整流滤波电路、开关振荡电路、高频脉冲整流滤波电路、取样和稳压控制电路这几部分来完成的,而开关电源的第一步就是把220V交流电,经滤波整流成直流电,而“直用式光伏发”电直流电压是180V到220V,把直流电连接在开关电源经整流后的输出端上,根据试用证明,完全达到要求,在本申请文件中,只说明直流电接入处,后面部分未进行说明,因为这是众所周知的原理。
本发明的有益效果是,这种冷空调,采用汽车上的冷空调总成,体积小效率高以不怕震动,用光伏直流电,不会打弧,也可用普通的交流电,节能又方便。
附图说明
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明进一步说明。
图1是本实施例冷空调装置外形结构图。
图2是制冷系统工作原理图。
图3交直流两用输出12V电压的接入处电路图。
图4.交直流两用手动控制电路结构图。
图中1、交直流电机  2、电机皮带轮  3、皮带拉紧轮4、皮带  5、压缩机  6、电磁离合器  7、蒸发器总成8、冷凝器  9、风扇  10、储液干燥器  11、节流装置  12、高压软管(蒸气)  13、高压软管(液体)  14、低压软管(蒸气)  15、高温高压气体  16、中温高压液体17、低温低压液体  18、中温低压气体  19、交流电双刀单掷闸刀  20、直流电双刀单掷抑弧闸刀  21、三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀  22、交直流两用输出  12V开关电源 23、手动控制空调旋钮  24、振荡稳压电路。
具体实施方式
图1中,交直流电机(1)采用的是串激电机,在电机轴上有电机皮带轮(2)、皮带拉紧轮(3)用皮带(4)与压缩机(5)上的电磁离合器(6)传动连接;压缩机(5)通过高压软管(蒸气)(12)接冷凝器(8)散热,输出通过高压软管(液体)(13)接储液干燥器(10)节流装置(11)到蒸发器总成(7)吸热,通过低压软管(蒸气)(14)返回压缩机(5)。在蒸发器总成(7)上,有手动控制空调旋钮(23),冷凝器上有风扇(9)。
在图2中,压缩机(5)把高温高压气体(15)送到冷凝器(8)向外散热,变成中温高压(16)到储液干燥器(10)和节流装置(11)变成低温低压液体(17)到蒸发器(7)吸热,变成中温低压气体(18)返回压缩机(5)
在图3中,220V交流电从A、C两点输入,经C1、C2、C3和LF构成线路滤波器,二极管D1~D4构成桥式整流电路,C4是整流后的滤波电容,即D、B两端,在这两点接光伏直流电正负极。然后输出到振荡稳压电路(24),从E、F两点输出12V直流电,供控制器电路、电磁离合器、风扇应用。
在图4中,把交流电火线L零线N,接交流电双刀单掷闸刀(19)的一端,另一端电连接三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的A、B两接线柱;直流电正负两极电连接直流电双刀单掷抑弧闸刀(20)正负两极,另一端电连接三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的D、E两接线柱,三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的A、C两接线柱,电连接交直流两用输出12V开关电源(22)的A、C两端,三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的D、F两接线柱,电连接交直流两用输出12V开关电源(22)中的D、B上,三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的L接线柱,电连接交直流两用电机(1)的正极上,把三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)M、N两接线柱并联后电连接交直流两用电机(1)的负极上。这样避免了三把闸刀操作错误,出现交直流转换不同步的问题,只有直流电机工作时,交直流两用输出12V开关电源(22)直流电才接通,同理,交流电机接通时,交直流两用输出12V开关电源(22)交流电才接通。

Claims (2)

1.一种交流电和光伏直流电两用手动控制的冷空调,它由冷空调装置和交直流两用动力装置、交直流两用电源转换装置三部分组成,冷空调装置由压缩机、冷凝器、蒸发器总成、储液干燥器、节流装置五大部份组成,用软管连接,其特征是:交直流两用装置的电机采的是串激电机,用三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀来转换交直流电源,把交流电火线L零线N,接交流电双刀单掷闸刀(19)的一端,另一端电连接三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的A、B两接线柱;直流电正负两极电连接直流电双刀单掷抑弧闸刀(20)正负两极,另一端电连接三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的D、E两接线柱,三刀双掷交直流,转换闸刀(21)中的A、C两接线柱,电连接交直流两用输出12V开关电源(22)的A、C两端,三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的D、F两接线柱,电连接交直流两用输出12V开关电源(22)中的D、B上,三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)中的L接线柱,电连接交直流两用电机(1)的正极上,把三刀双掷交直流转换闸刀(21)M、N两接线柱并联后电连接交直流两用电机(1)的负极上。
2.根据权利要求1所述的交流电和光伏直流电两用手动控制的冷空调的特征是:交直流两用电源转换装置,由交直流两用输出12V开关电源、交直流电机转换闸刀、直流电抑弧闸刀组成,把220V交流电从A、C两点输入,经C1、C2、C3和LF构成线路滤波器,二极管D1~D4构成桥式整流电路,C4是整流后的滤波电容,即D、B两端,在这两点接光伏直流电正负极,然后输出到振荡稳压电路(24),从E、F两点输出12V直流电,供控制器电路、电磁离合器、风扇使用。
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