CN104846212A - Consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting method - Google Patents
Consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN104846212A CN104846212A CN201510307977.2A CN201510307977A CN104846212A CN 104846212 A CN104846212 A CN 104846212A CN 201510307977 A CN201510307977 A CN 201510307977A CN 104846212 A CN104846212 A CN 104846212A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting method which comprises the following steps: manufacturing a consumable electrode from metal to be smelted, and concentrically welding below a transition electrode, thereby completing the step of manufacturing the electrode; mounting and fixing the electrode at the lower end of a lifting main shaft of a consumable electrode vacuum furnace, and feeding the electrode into a consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible, and performing abutting sealing and vacuuming operation on the shell of a vacuum chamber of the consumable electrode vacuum furnace; after vacuuming, electrifying the electrode so as to generate arched light power for smelting between the consumable electrode and an electric arc generation agent preset at the bottom of the crucible. The consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting method is characterized in that when the electrode is mounted, automatic centering of the electrode can be achieved through a pair of abutting structures which are in conical cylindrical matching at the upper end of the electrode and the lower end of the lifting main shaft, and subsequently the electrode can be clamped and fixed by using an electrode clamping device. The clamping centering and positioning method is precise and stable, simple and convenient to operate, high in electrode repeated positioning precision and rapid in speed, the artificial operation errors can be greatly reduced, and the working quality and efficiency can be greatly improved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to vacuum oven metallurgical industry field, particularly relate to a kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process.
Background technology
Vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace is called for short consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, is in vacuum environment, utilize electric arc as a kind of electric furnace of thermal source smelting metal.Be mainly used in melting refractory metal and rare metal, especially apply widely in titanium or titanium alloy melting field.The structure of vaccum consumable electrode electric arc furnace, comprise the body of heater of built-in crucible, in body of heater, crucible is outside equipped with the cooling water chamber of sandwich-type, vacuum chamber housing is vertically provided with above body of heater, vacuum chamber housing is externally connected with pumped vacuum systems, be arranged with vertical just to the electrode that crucible is arranged in vacuum chamber housing, electrode comprises the transition electrode being positioned at top and the consumable electrode be welded on below transition electrode, transition electrode top is connected on lifting spindle, vacuum chamber housing is passed slidably by slipper seal structure in lifting spindle top, also be provided with the lift control system carrying out being elevated for controlling vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle.Wherein existing electrode and lifting spindle mode of connection, after being docked by transverse plane, is fixedly clamped to electrode by the fixture on lifting spindle.
This consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process technological process is as follows, treat that the metal of remelting first makes consumable electrode, firmly weld with one heart with transition electrode and form electrode, transition electrode clamps by the fixture on lifting spindle, consumable electrode is put in body of heater crucible, self-consuming furnace is airtight, be evacuated to definite value, under lifting spindle, general who has surrendered's consumable electrode delivers to nearly crucible bottom, crucible bottom is placed with heelpiece and starting the arc agent, produce arc discharge by means of consumable electrode and the instant contact risen between electric arc agent and then reach stable arc burning under open circuit voltage, form a certain amount of metal pool. proceed to normal smelting after starting the arc success. conservative control electric current during normal smelting, voltage, speed of melting and vacuum tightness, gas in metal and the impurity of low melting point just can be removed.
In vacuum consumable electrode electric arc remelting processing, the diameter of consumable electrode and crucible diameter should have a rational ratio, electrode diameter too large (close to crucible diameter), impact exhaust, too little, thermosteresis can be made excessive, bath temperature is uneven. and moderate electrode diameter and crucible diameter are made by a certain percentage, if but electrode and crucible die misalignment, i.e. electrode external peripheral surface and crucible inner peripheral surface distance inequality, or electrode and crucible even have point of contact because of die misalignment, then easily produce limit arcing bad crucible wall, because being water coolant outside crucible wall, crucible is punctured then by badly damaged equipment and harm operator personnel safety as there is above-mentioned accident.And existing consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process lifting spindle lower surface selects plane to coordinate with transition electrode mating surface, plane fit system guarantee face when electrode and main shaft coordinate concentricity good contacts well, and conduction is good.As main shaft and electrode decentraction, then because action of gravity center lines of electrodes and spindle centerline there will be certain angle, the generation tolerance clearance that mating surface will be difficult to avoid, main shaft and transition electrode poor fit will produce beats arc phenomenon in a large number, electric current is smelted in impact, and fragile main shaft lower surface or the corresponding mating surface of transition electrode, transition electrode loss is large.Existing consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process main shaft and transition electrode mainly select vertical clamp in clamping, this fixture shortcoming to ensure that chuck and electrode hold the clamping of folder position, self-centering effect can not be played in electrode clamping is installed, thus prior art design can not complete electrode and main shaft and the follow-up operational requirement ensureing centering with crucible easily. and in actually operating, operator are in order to good center, often repeatedly clamp, repeatedly rise and fall constantly adjust the centering situation etc. of electrode and crucible, and can only go to judge that actual centering is measured by eyes, this method precision is very low, personal errors is larger, be difficult to prevent electrode axis between main shaft orientation medullary ray and crucible medullary ray, radial displacement occurring, thus cause in vacuum metling and produce limit arc phenomenon deteriorates crucible wall because of electrode die misalignment, prior art complicated operation, electrode repetitive positioning accuracy is low, operating speed is slow, when being difficult to meet batch production electrode batch replacement with and high precision repeat the requirement of quick position, greatly reduce production efficiency.
In addition, when existing consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process is smelted, being all that electrode inserts and installs rear direct-electrifying and heat, may there is bursting or falling the phenomenon of block in so new electrode with regard to steep temperature rise if do not processed; Affect security and more serious impact to be new electrode blank fried drop into molten bath after, because blank termination and molten bath excessive temperature differentials inevitably cause bath temperature in crystallizer suddenly to reduce, break normal smelting environment.Thus make steel ingot occur strangling shell, slag runner, composition inequality, containing the mass defects such as assorted, have a strong impact on ingot smelting quality.
Summary of the invention
For above-mentioned the deficiencies in the prior art, technical problem to be solved by this invention is: how to provide a kind of clamping centering that can realize better electrode, that can reduce that main shaft and transition electrode mating surface poor fit produce beats arc phenomenon, main shaft and transition electrode can be made to clamp exquisite stable, consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process easy and simple to handle, make its electrode repetitive positioning accuracy high, speed is fast, and the electrode batch replacement that carries out needed for scale operation and the quick resetting requirement of high precision can be adapted to, and make it have preheat function further and improve its security, improve ingot smelting quality.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, present invention employs following technical scheme:
A kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, comprise and will treat that metal smelting is made as consumable electrode and is welded in the step completing electrode below transition electrode and prepare with one heart, comprise the lifting spindle lower end the step delivered in consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible of being installed by electrode and being fixed to consumable electrode vacuum furnace, and the Butt sealing completing consumable electrode vacuum furnace vacuum chamber housing and the step that vacuumizes, vacuumize and between electric arc agent, arc discharge is produced to electrifying electrodes rising of making consumable electrode and crucible bottom preset smelt afterwards; It is characterized in that, when electrode is installed, the docking structure that can form cone barrel cooperation for a pair first by being arranged at electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end realizes the self-centering of electrode, and then is fixedly clamped by electrode clamping device.
Like this, electrode can realize the self-centering of electrode better when installing, ensure that electrode axis radial displacement can not occur between main shaft orientation medullary ray and crucible medullary ray, avoid producing limit arc phenomenon deteriorates crucible wall because of electrode die misalignment in vacuum metling, improve smelting security.
Have employed following consumable electrode vacuum furnace in present method to realize, described consumable electrode vacuum furnace comprises the body of heater of built-in crucible, in body of heater, crucible is outside equipped with the cooling water chamber of sandwich-type, vacuum chamber housing is vertically provided with above body of heater, vacuum chamber housing lower end and body of heater upper end seal docking separably, vacuum chamber housing is externally connected with pumped vacuum systems, be arranged with vertical just to the electrode that crucible is arranged in vacuum chamber housing, electrode comprises the transition electrode being positioned at top and the consumable electrode be welded on below transition electrode, transition electrode top is connected on lifting spindle, vacuum chamber housing is passed slidably by slipper seal structure in lifting spindle top, also be provided with the lift control system carrying out being elevated for controlling vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle, described electrode upper end is fixed on lifting spindle lower end by electrode clamping device, it is characterized in that, is also provided with the docking structure for realizing electrode self-centering between described electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end.Wherein, described docking structure comprises the open holes being positioned at lifting spindle lower end and coaxially arranging, open holes bottom has smaller diameter end conical cylinder section upwards, docking structure also comprises the frustum section being positioned at electrode upper end and coaxially arranging near of end, frustum section smaller diameter end is upwards arranged, after described electrode upper end is inserted into lifting spindle lower end open holes, frustum section can complete snug fit with conical cylinder section.
Like this, after consumable electrode is welded to transition electrode forms electrode integral structure, during installing electrodes, electrode upper end is inserted in the open holes of lifting spindle lower end, by the conical cylinder section snug fit in the frustum section of electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end open holes, the self-centering to electrode axle center can be completed, and then realize fixing electrode by electrode clamping device.This makes it possible to realize the clamping centering to electrode better, that can reduce that main shaft and transition electrode mating surface poor fit produce beats arc phenomenon, makes that its electrode repetitive positioning accuracy is high, speed is fast.
As optimization, described open holes bottom shrink-fit is arranged with a copper sheathing and forms described conical cylinder section, and copper sheathing internal surface is cone barrel outside surface is cylindrical.
Like this, adopt separately copper sheathing to form the location fit face of conical cylinder section, copper sheathing is beneficial to conduction and surface smooth abrasion-proof more, simultaneously when after locating surface wearing and tearing, by the mode of dismounting and change copper sheathing, can ensure registration effect.
As optimization, described electrode upper frustum section lower position is also circumferentially to the boss being outside equipped with two circle clampings.Like this, the convenient clamping movement to electrode is to realize installing location.
As optimization, described electrode clamping device, comprise and be positioned at lifting spindle lower end open holes and the clamping head coaxially arranged with electrode being fixed on end, electrode upper end, clamping head bottom is the arc that inwardly shrinks and is fixedly connected on the frustum section upper end shaft core position of electrode in lower end by the joint pin of coaxial vertical setting, electrode clamping device also comprises a mandrel, mandrel is vertically coaxially arranged in the axle center hole at lifting spindle axle center place, mandrel upper end is arranged on lifting spindle upper end by mandrel hoisting appliance and it can be leaned on to control lifting, mandrel lower end is fixedly connected with a horizontally disposed jaw subpanel, jaw subpanel periphery evenly offers multiple mounting groove and hingedly can be provided with movable jaw vertical rotating in each mounting groove, movable jaw entirety surrounds the downward tapered sleeve shape of smaller diameter end, and the tapered sleeve lower lumen surrounded and clamping head form fit, the circle positive stop lug boss that the tapered sleeve outside surface that movable jaw surrounds and circumference are arranged on the open holes inwall of lifting spindle lower end coordinates, movable jaw lower end can be forced inwardly to rotate and be fixedly clamped by clamping head by positive stop lug boss when mandrel is moved downward.
Like this, when after electrode butt junction location, mandrel hoisting appliance controls mandrel and moves down, and movable jaw is contacted with the positive stop lug boss in lifting spindle endoporus and is forced to rotate, being fixedly clamped by clamping head; Realize the clamping fastener to main shaft.After making electrode butt junction location like this, grip from inside.The clamp structure adopted greatly can ensure the right alignment requirement clamped, realize blind-mate automatic centering positioning clamping, prevent electrode axial direction due and main shaft orientation medullary ray generation radial displacement, cause in vacuum metling and occur to produce limit arcing bad crucible wall because of electrode die misalignment, occur smelting accident, what greatly reduce that main shaft and transition electrode mating surface produce because of poor fit equally beats arc phenomenon.
As optimization, be positioned at above positive stop lug boss and be also provided with chute in the open holes of described lifting spindle lower end, described movable jaw outside surface top has evagination and is engaged in slide unit in chute.Can ensure in engagement process better like this, the right alignment between the tapered sleeve that movable jaw surrounds and lifting spindle and electrode, guarantees effect in electrode pair.
As optimization, in the lifting spindle lower end open holes of described movable jaw foreign side, socket is embedded with insulation covering, and described positive stop lug boss and chute are all formed at described insulation covering internal surface.Like this, the insulation covering be embedded separately, what can be beneficial to this position inner-cavity structure arranges shaping, is convenient for changing to ensure quality of fit after wearing and tearing simultaneously, ensures centering effect.Insulation covering can also realize insulation simultaneously, avoids mandrel upper end to produce and beats arc phenomenon.Further, described mandrel lower end and jaw subpanel junction have one section of insulating material section.To insulate to mandrel further, avoid mandrel upper end to produce and make arc phenomenon and breaking plant.
As optimization, described mandrel hoisting appliance comprises the cylinder body being fixedly mounted on end, lifting spindle upper end, there is in the middle part of the inner chamber in height of cylinder direction dividing plate and inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into upper and lower two chambers, described mandrel upper end is upward through cylinder body slidably, and be provided with sealing-ring respectively between the dividing plate at mandrel and the upper and lower two ends of cylinder body and middle part and realize dynamic seal, the part that mandrel is positioned at upper and lower two chambers of inner chamber of cylinder block separately level is fixedly installed a piston and inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into four air-pressure chambers that short transverse arranges successively, cylinder body is also provided with the pore interface that four respectively with four air-pressure chambers are communicated with.
Like this, the mode controlled by air pressure, controls the lifting of mandrel, controls convenient and swift and simple and reliable for structure.
As optimization, described lift control system, comprise one and be positioned at body of heater side and the rotating disk on ground is fixed in bottom, hydraulic lift is provided with above rotating disk, the lift side of hydraulic lift is fixedly connected with vacuum chamber housing and for driving it to be elevated, and the lift side upper end of hydraulic lift is also fixedly installed lifting spindle device and is fixedly connected with lifting spindle and for driving lifting spindle to be elevated.Described lifting spindle device comprises the leading screw that is vertically arranged at the lift side upper end of hydraulic lift, leading screw and leading screw control motor and are connected and it can be leaned on to control to rotate, leading screw is equipped with a nut and forms screw nut driven pair, nut is fixedly connected with lifting spindle by connecting arm.
Like this, the synchronization lifting that lift control system can realize vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle controls, also the independent elevating control to lifting spindle can be realized, there is structure simple, control convenient and swift, the feature that moving process is reliable and stable, the rotation that simultaneously can realize vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle controls, with operations such as conveniently assemble and disassemble maintenances.
As optimization, described pumped vacuum systems comprises the pump-line be connected with vacuum chamber housing, pump-line two Roots vaccum pumps and a sliding valve vacuum pump have been arranged in series away from vacuum chamber shell one end, two Roots vaccum pump rear ends and the pump-line between front end and sliding valve vacuum pump are also respectively arranged with a prime control valve, pump-line is also provided with the bypass duct with the prime control valve parallel connection of two Roots vaccum pumps and its rear end, bypass duct is provided with bypass control valve, the pump-line at bypass duct rear is also connected with the first bypass pipe of belt switch valve, pump-line between the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends and sliding valve vacuum pump is also connected with the second bypass pipe of belt switch valve.Wherein, when vacuumizing, air current flow direction is front.
Like this, pumped vacuum systems have employed two circuits, when vacuumizing, first can close the first bypass pipe and the second bypass pipe; Open the prime control valve of bypass duct and two Roots vaccum pump front ends, close the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump rear ends, close the second bypass pipe, carry out forvacuum by sliding valve vacuum pump.Be extracted in advance to a certain degree, close the bypass control valve on bypass duct, open the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends, open the second bypass pipe, carry out the degree of depth by two Roots vaccum pumps and vacuumize.This ensure that the quick of vacuum, reliably, the high and not easily injury device of the degree that vacuumizes, extension device work-ing life.After smelting, the first bypass pipe can be opened and exit, after band body of heater internal gas pressure balance, then remove vacuum chamber housing, ensure that air pressure impacts and bring potential safety hazard.
Therefore the present invention can realize the clamping centering to electrode better, that can reduce that main shaft and transition electrode mating surface poor fit produce beats arc phenomenon, main shaft and transition electrode can be made to clamp exquisite stable, easy and simple to handle, make that its electrode repetitive positioning accuracy is high, speed is fast, and the electrode batch replacement that carries out needed for scale operation and the quick resetting requirement of high precision can be adapted to, and there is preheat function further improve its security, improve ingot smelting quality.
As further optimization, body of heater is other is also provided with electrode preheat device further, electrode preheat device have one vertically arrange and upper end open can the heated chamber that inserts of power pole lower end, also there is the heating unit that can be used in the heated by electrodes inserted.Like this, smelting the preheating taking a step forward and realize electrode, can improve and smelting security, improving ingot smelting quality.
In sum, the present invention clamps centering localization method exquisiteness and stablizes, easy and simple to handle, electrode repetitive positioning accuracy is high, speed is fast, can meet electrode batch replacement in batch production with and the demand of the quick resetting of high precision, greatly reduce operation personal errors, improve work quality and efficiency.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1 is the structural representation of a kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace that the present invention adopts when specifically implementing.
Fig. 2 is the structural representation of independent body of heater, lifting spindle and vacuum chamber housing parts in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 is the structural representation of the electrode preheat device that the present invention can increase when specifically implementing further.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with optimum embodiment and accompanying drawing thereof, the present invention is described in further detail.
A kind of consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, comprise and will treat that metal smelting is made as consumable electrode and is welded in the step completing electrode below transition electrode and prepare with one heart, comprise the lifting spindle lower end the step delivered in consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible of being installed by electrode and being fixed to consumable electrode vacuum furnace, and the Butt sealing completing consumable electrode vacuum furnace vacuum chamber housing and the step that vacuumizes, vacuumize and between electric arc agent, arc discharge is produced to electrifying electrodes rising of making consumable electrode and crucible bottom preset smelt afterwards; Wherein, when electrode is installed, the docking structure that can form cone barrel cooperation for a pair first by being arranged at electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end realizes the self-centering of electrode, and then is fixedly clamped by electrode clamping device.
More particularly, in preferred embodiment, the consumable electrode vacuum furnace of the following structure of preferred employing realizes, this vacuum consumable furnace structure as Figure 1-3, comprise the body of heater 12 of built-in crucible, in body of heater, crucible is outside equipped with the cooling water chamber of sandwich-type, vacuum chamber housing 15 is vertically provided with above body of heater 12, vacuum chamber housing 15 lower end and body of heater upper end seal docking separably, vacuum chamber housing is externally connected with pumped vacuum systems, be arranged with vertical just to the electrode that crucible 14 is arranged in vacuum chamber housing, electrode comprises the transition electrode 1 being positioned at top and the consumable electrode 13 be welded on below transition electrode 1, transition electrode 1 top is connected on lifting spindle 7, vacuum chamber housing is passed slidably by slipper seal structure 16 in lifting spindle 7 top, also be provided with the lift control system carrying out being elevated for controlling vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle, described electrode upper end is fixed on lifting spindle lower end by electrode clamping device, wherein, is also provided with the docking structure for realizing electrode self-centering between described electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end.
Wherein, described docking structure comprises the open holes being positioned at lifting spindle 7 lower end and coaxially arranging, open holes bottom has smaller diameter end conical cylinder section upwards, docking structure also comprises the frustum section being positioned at electrode upper end and coaxially arranging near of end, frustum section smaller diameter end is upwards arranged, after described electrode upper end is inserted into lifting spindle lower end open holes, frustum section can complete snug fit with conical cylinder section.
Like this, after consumable electrode is welded to transition electrode forms electrode integral structure, during installing electrodes, electrode upper end is inserted in the open holes of lifting spindle lower end, by the conical cylinder section snug fit in the frustum section of electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end open holes, the self-centering to electrode axle center can be completed, and then realize fixing electrode by electrode clamping device.This makes it possible to realize the clamping centering to electrode better, that can reduce that main shaft and transition electrode mating surface poor fit produce beats arc phenomenon, makes that its electrode repetitive positioning accuracy is high, speed is fast.
Wherein, described open holes bottom shrink-fit is arranged with a copper sheathing 2 and forms described conical cylinder section, and copper sheathing 2 internal surface is cone barrel outside surface is cylindrical.
Like this, adopt separately copper sheathing to form the location fit face of conical cylinder section, copper sheathing is beneficial to conduction and surface smooth abrasion-proof more, simultaneously when after locating surface wearing and tearing, by the mode of dismounting and change copper sheathing, can ensure registration effect.
Wherein, described electrode upper frustum section lower position is also circumferentially to the boss being outside equipped with two circle clampings.Like this, the convenient clamping movement to electrode is to realize installing location.
Wherein, described electrode clamping device, comprise and be positioned at lifting spindle lower end open holes and the clamping head coaxially arranged with electrode being fixed on end, electrode upper end, clamping head bottom is the arc that inwardly shrinks and is fixedly connected on the frustum section upper end shaft core position of electrode in lower end by the joint pin of coaxial vertical setting, electrode clamping device also comprises a mandrel 6, mandrel 6 is vertically coaxially arranged in the axle center hole at lifting spindle axle center place, mandrel 6 upper end is arranged on lifting spindle upper end by mandrel hoisting appliance and it can be leaned on to control lifting, mandrel lower end is fixedly connected with a horizontally disposed jaw subpanel 4, jaw subpanel 4 periphery evenly offers multiple mounting groove and hingedly can be provided with movable jaw 3 vertical rotating in each mounting groove, movable jaw 3 entirety surrounds the downward tapered sleeve shape of smaller diameter end, and the tapered sleeve lower lumen surrounded and clamping head form fit, the circle positive stop lug boss that the tapered sleeve outside surface that movable jaw surrounds and circumference are arranged on the open holes inwall of lifting spindle lower end coordinates, movable jaw lower end can be forced inwardly to rotate and be fixedly clamped by clamping head by positive stop lug boss when mandrel is moved downward.
Like this, when after electrode butt junction location, mandrel hoisting appliance controls mandrel and moves down, and movable jaw is contacted with the positive stop lug boss in lifting spindle endoporus and is forced to rotate, being fixedly clamped by clamping head; Realize the clamping fastener to main shaft.After making electrode butt junction location like this, grip from inside.The clamp structure adopted greatly can ensure the right alignment requirement clamped, realize blind-mate automatic centering positioning clamping, prevent electrode axial direction due and main shaft orientation medullary ray generation radial displacement, cause in vacuum metling and occur to produce limit arcing bad crucible wall because of electrode die misalignment, occur smelting accident, what greatly reduce that main shaft and transition electrode mating surface produce because of poor fit equally beats arc phenomenon.
Wherein, be positioned at above positive stop lug boss and be also provided with chute in the open holes of described lifting spindle lower end, described movable jaw outside surface top has evagination and is engaged in slide unit in chute.Can ensure in engagement process better like this, the right alignment between the tapered sleeve that movable jaw surrounds and lifting spindle and electrode, guarantees effect in electrode pair.
Wherein, in the lifting spindle lower end open holes of described movable jaw foreign side, socket is embedded with insulation covering 5, and described positive stop lug boss and chute are all formed at described insulation covering 5 internal surface.Like this, the insulation covering be embedded separately, what can be beneficial to this position inner-cavity structure arranges shaping, is convenient for changing to ensure quality of fit after wearing and tearing simultaneously, ensures centering effect.Insulation covering can also realize insulation simultaneously, avoids mandrel upper end to produce and beats arc phenomenon.Further, described mandrel lower end and jaw subpanel junction have one section of insulating material section.To insulate to mandrel further, avoid mandrel upper end to produce and make arc phenomenon and breaking plant.
Wherein, described mandrel hoisting appliance comprises the cylinder body 17 being fixedly mounted on end, lifting spindle upper end, there is in the middle part of the inner chamber in height of cylinder direction dividing plate cylinder body 17 inner chamber is divided into upper and lower two chambers, described mandrel 6 upper end is upward through cylinder body 17 slidably, and be provided with sealing-ring respectively between the dividing plate at mandrel and the upper and lower two ends of cylinder body and middle part and realize dynamic seal, the part that mandrel is positioned at upper and lower two chambers of inner chamber of cylinder block separately level is fixedly installed a piston and inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into four air-pressure chambers that short transverse arranges successively, it is the first cylinder chamber 11 that four cylinder chamber arrange from top to bottom successively, second cylinder chamber 10, 3rd cylinder chamber 9 and four-cylinder room 8, cylinder body is also provided with the pore interface that four respectively with four air-pressure chambers are communicated with.
Like this, the mode controlled by air pressure, controls the lifting of mandrel, controls convenient and swift and simple and reliable for structure.
Wherein, described lift control system, comprise one and be positioned at body of heater side and the rotating disk 26 on ground is fixed in bottom, hydraulic lift is provided with above rotating disk, the lift side 18 of hydraulic lift is fixedly connected with vacuum chamber housing 15 and for driving it to be elevated, and lift side 18 upper end of hydraulic lift is also fixedly installed lifting spindle device and is fixedly connected with lifting spindle 7 and for driving lifting spindle 7 to be elevated.Described lifting spindle device comprises the leading screw 27 that is vertically arranged at the lift side upper end of hydraulic lift, leading screw 27 and leading screw control motor and are connected and it can be leaned on to control to rotate, leading screw is equipped with a nut and forms screw nut driven pair, nut is fixedly connected with lifting spindle 7 by connecting arm.
Like this, the synchronization lifting that lift control system can realize vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle controls, also the independent elevating control to lifting spindle can be realized, there is structure simple, control convenient and swift, the feature that moving process is reliable and stable, the rotation that simultaneously can realize vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle controls, with operations such as conveniently assemble and disassemble maintenances.
Wherein, described pumped vacuum systems comprises the pump-line 28 be connected with vacuum chamber housing, pump-line 28 two Roots vaccum pumps 22 have been arranged in series away from vacuum chamber shell one end, 23 and a sliding valve vacuum pump 25, two Roots vaccum pump rear ends and the pump-line between front end and sliding valve vacuum pump are also respectively arranged with a prime control valve 21, 24, pump-line is also provided with the bypass duct with the prime control valve parallel connection of two Roots vaccum pumps and its rear end, bypass duct is provided with bypass control valve 20, the pump-line 28 at bypass duct rear is also connected with the first bypass pipe 19 of belt switch valve, pump-line between the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends and sliding valve vacuum pump is also connected with the second bypass pipe 29 of belt switch valve.Wherein, when vacuumizing, air current flow direction is front.
Like this, pumped vacuum systems have employed two circuits, when vacuumizing, first can close the first bypass pipe and the second bypass pipe; Open the prime control valve of bypass duct and two Roots vaccum pump front ends, close the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump rear ends, close the second bypass pipe, carry out forvacuum by sliding valve vacuum pump.Be extracted in advance to a certain degree, close the bypass control valve on bypass duct, open the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends, open the second bypass pipe, carry out the degree of depth by two Roots vaccum pumps and vacuumize.This ensure that the quick of vacuum, reliably, the high and not easily injury device of the degree that vacuumizes, extension device work-ing life.After smelting, the first bypass pipe can be opened and exit, after band body of heater internal gas pressure balance, then remove vacuum chamber housing, ensure that air pressure impacts and bring potential safety hazard.
When the present invention specifically implements, body of heater is other can also arrange electrode preheat device further, as shown in Figure 3, electrode preheat device have one vertically arrange and upper end open can the heated chamber that inserts of power pole lower end, also there is the heating unit that can be used in the heated by electrodes inserted.Before metal electrode blank is smelted, preheating is carried out to electrode blank termination like this, after can preventing metal electrode from entering slag, electrode blank termination steep temperature rise and occur the phenomenon bursting or fall block; Also, after can preventing electrode blank from entering molten bath, ESR ingot is made to occur strangling shell, slag runner, composition inequality, containing the mass defects such as assorted because bath temperature rapid drawdown is low.Therefore improve security and metallurgical effect.
Wherein, described electrode preheat device comprises housing 8 ', housing 8 ' inside be provided with refractory insulating material 9 ' and middle part formed heated chamber, be embedded with in described refractory insulating material 9 ' around heated chamber lift spiral arrange ruhmkorff coil 10 ' formed heating unit.
Like this, refractory insulating material can thermal insulation and insulation, forms good protective layer, increases the service life.Heating unit adopts the non-contact thermal of ruhmkorff coil, under the induction of coil higher frequency electromagnetic field, make the electrode blank termination fast heating stretching into heated chamber, quick heating, calorific loss is little, temperature homogeneity is high, good heats and efficiency can be had, ruhmkorff coil is laid in fireproof high-temperature resistant insulating material protective layer and avoids and electrode contact simultaneously, in case the improper damage ruhmkorff coil of actually operating, as use in electrode blank termination clamping not just or telescopic location improper, make it collide with induction coil or contact dozen arc to damage the problems such as ruhmkorff coil, solve the security hidden trouble existed in its technology.It can not need to change by life-time service, and long service life is safe, efficient, energy-conservation.
Wherein, ruhmkorff coil 10 ' inner hollow forms coil cooling-water duct, housing 8 ' side is also provided with the coil entrance of cooling water 11 ' and coil cooling water outlet 12 ' connected with the two ends of coil cooling-water duct short transverse.Like this, coil adopts water quench, prevents coil own temperature too high, improves coil protect effect, increase the service life.
Wherein, be also provided with shielding gas passage 13 ' in described housing, the inner air outlet of shielding gas passage 13 ' is positioned at bottom heated chamber, and outer end inlet mouth is used for external protection source of the gas.Like this, during preheating, can protection of inert gas be provided, the oxidative phenomena avoiding electrode blank termination to exist in warm, prevent the scaling loss of active element, prevent the oxygen level in steel from increasing, ensure metallurgical effect.
Wherein, described shielding gas passage 13 ' is the annular channel structure arranged higher than heated chamber inner bottom surface, and described air outlet is equally distributed multiple and be circumferentially communicated to obliquely bottom heated chamber along identical vergence direction around circular channel circumference.Like this, after production well can be made to give vent to anger, from the upwards annularly flow of side-lower in protector, better the air in script furnace chamber can be squeezed furnace chamber internal space, improve protected effect,
Wherein, described housing 8 ' entirety is in drum-shaped, and heated chamber is the cylindrical of coaxial setting, and case top lid establishes the cap 14 ' being fixed with coupling, cap 14 ' middle part is provided with the via hole coaxial with heated chamber, and via diameter is greater than electrode external diameter and is less than heated chamber diameter.Like this; housing and heated chamber cross section are circle; the device space can be saved; improve heating efficiency; the cap arranged can limit the position that electrode inserts, and prevents electrode and heated chamber contact internal walls and produces destruction, and can to limit shielding gas excessive for cap simultaneously; improve gas shield effect, improve electrode protection effect.In addition, cap is that detachable lid is established and is fixedly installed, and can facilitate installation setting and the repair and maintenance of housing interior structure.
Wherein, be positioned at ruhmkorff coil top position and be also provided with temperature sensor 15 ' in described heated chamber, temperature sensor 15 ' is for non-contact temperature sensor and be connected with a warning howler be positioned at outside housing.Like this, can the termination preheating of Measurement accuracy electrode blank time actual temperature.Thus make the pre-heat effect that electrode blank termination reaches very good.When temperature overheating being detected, can be given the alarm by warning howler, it is overheated to prevent, and improves electrode protection effect.Adopt non-contact temperature sensor avoid with electrode contact and cause destroy, warning howler can adopt hummer or warning lamp.
Wherein, described housing 8 ' bottom is also provided with water coolant chamber 16 ', and water coolant chamber 16 ' side is provided with inlet channel 17 ', and opposite side is provided with outlet conduit 18 '.Like this, water coolant chamber can cooling protection electrode preheat device further, the extension fixture life-span.
Claims (10)
1. a consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process, comprise and will treat that metal smelting is made as consumable electrode and is welded in the step completing electrode below transition electrode and prepare with one heart, comprise the lifting spindle lower end the step delivered in consumable electrode vacuum furnace crucible of being installed by electrode and being fixed to consumable electrode vacuum furnace, and the Butt sealing completing consumable electrode vacuum furnace vacuum chamber housing and the step that vacuumizes, vacuumize and between electric arc agent, arc discharge is produced to electrifying electrodes rising of making consumable electrode and crucible bottom preset smelt afterwards; It is characterized in that, when electrode is installed, the docking structure that can form cone barrel cooperation for a pair first by being arranged at electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end realizes the self-centering of electrode, and then is fixedly clamped by electrode clamping device.
2. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 1, it is characterized in that, have employed following consumable electrode vacuum furnace to realize, described consumable electrode vacuum furnace comprises the body of heater of built-in crucible, in body of heater, crucible is outside equipped with the cooling water chamber of sandwich-type, vacuum chamber housing is vertically provided with above body of heater, vacuum chamber housing lower end and body of heater upper end seal docking separably, vacuum chamber housing is externally connected with pumped vacuum systems, be arranged with vertical just to the electrode that crucible is arranged in vacuum chamber housing, electrode comprises the transition electrode being positioned at top and the consumable electrode be welded on below transition electrode, transition electrode top is connected on lifting spindle, vacuum chamber housing is passed slidably by slipper seal structure in lifting spindle top, also be provided with the lift control system carrying out being elevated for controlling vacuum chamber housing and lifting spindle, described electrode upper end is fixed on lifting spindle lower end by electrode clamping device, is also provided with the docking structure for realizing electrode self-centering between described electrode upper end and lifting spindle lower end, described docking structure comprises the open holes being positioned at lifting spindle lower end and coaxially arranging, open holes bottom has smaller diameter end conical cylinder section upwards, docking structure also comprises the frustum section being positioned at electrode upper end and coaxially arranging near of end, frustum section smaller diameter end is upwards arranged, after described electrode upper end is inserted into lifting spindle lower end open holes, frustum section can complete snug fit with conical cylinder section.
3. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described open holes bottom shrink-fit is arranged with a copper sheathing and forms described conical cylinder section, and copper sheathing internal surface is cone barrel outside surface is cylindrical.
4. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described electrode upper frustum section lower position is also circumferentially to the boss being outside equipped with two circle clampings.
5. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described electrode clamping device, comprise and be positioned at lifting spindle lower end open holes and the clamping head coaxially arranged with electrode being fixed on end, electrode upper end, clamping head bottom is the arc that inwardly shrinks and is fixedly connected on the frustum section upper end shaft core position of electrode in lower end by the joint pin of coaxial vertical setting, electrode clamping device also comprises a mandrel, mandrel is vertically coaxially arranged in the axle center hole at lifting spindle axle center place, mandrel upper end is arranged on lifting spindle upper end by mandrel hoisting appliance and it can be leaned on to control lifting, mandrel lower end is fixedly connected with a horizontally disposed jaw subpanel, jaw subpanel periphery evenly offers multiple mounting groove and hingedly can be provided with movable jaw vertical rotating in each mounting groove, movable jaw entirety surrounds the downward tapered sleeve shape of smaller diameter end, and the tapered sleeve lower lumen surrounded and clamping head form fit, the circle positive stop lug boss that the tapered sleeve outside surface that movable jaw surrounds and circumference are arranged on the open holes inwall of lifting spindle lower end coordinates, movable jaw lower end can be forced inwardly to rotate and be fixedly clamped by clamping head by positive stop lug boss when mandrel is moved downward.
6. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 5, is characterized in that, be positioned at above positive stop lug boss and be also provided with chute in the open holes of described lifting spindle lower end, and described movable jaw outside surface top has evagination and is engaged in slide unit in chute.
7. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 6, is characterized in that, in the lifting spindle lower end open holes of described movable jaw foreign side, socket is embedded with insulation covering, and described positive stop lug boss and chute are all formed at described insulation covering internal surface.
8. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 5, it is characterized in that, described mandrel hoisting appliance comprises the cylinder body being fixedly mounted on end, lifting spindle upper end, there is in the middle part of the inner chamber in height of cylinder direction dividing plate and inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into upper and lower two chambers, described mandrel upper end is upward through cylinder body slidably, and be provided with sealing-ring respectively between the dividing plate at mandrel and the upper and lower two ends of cylinder body and middle part and realize dynamic seal, the part that mandrel is positioned at upper and lower two chambers of inner chamber of cylinder block separately level is fixedly installed a piston and inner chamber of cylinder block is divided into four air-pressure chambers that short transverse arranges successively, cylinder body is also provided with the pore interface that four respectively with four air-pressure chambers are communicated with.
9. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described lift control system, comprise one and be positioned at body of heater side and the rotating disk on ground is fixed in bottom, hydraulic lift is provided with above rotating disk, the lift side of hydraulic lift is fixedly connected with vacuum chamber housing and for driving it to be elevated, and the lift side upper end of hydraulic lift is also fixedly installed lifting spindle device and is fixedly connected with lifting spindle and for driving lifting spindle to be elevated;
Described lifting spindle device comprises the leading screw that is vertically arranged at the lift side upper end of hydraulic lift, leading screw and leading screw control motor and are connected and it can be leaned on to control to rotate, leading screw is equipped with a nut and forms screw nut driven pair, nut is fixedly connected with lifting spindle by connecting arm.
10. consumable electrode vacuum furnace smelting process as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that, described pumped vacuum systems comprises the pump-line be connected with vacuum chamber housing, pump-line two Roots vaccum pumps and a sliding valve vacuum pump have been arranged in series away from vacuum chamber shell one end, two Roots vaccum pump rear ends and the pump-line between front end and sliding valve vacuum pump are also respectively arranged with a prime control valve, pump-line is also provided with the bypass duct with the prime control valve parallel connection of two Roots vaccum pumps and its rear end, bypass duct is provided with bypass control valve, the pump-line at bypass duct rear is also connected with the first bypass pipe of belt switch valve, pump-line between the prime control valve of two Roots vaccum pump front ends and sliding valve vacuum pump is also connected with the second bypass pipe of belt switch valve.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105861850A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-08-17 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Electrode production method for electroslag remelting furnace |
| CN105925817A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-09-07 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Fake electrode interconnecting device |
| CN107586964A (en) * | 2017-10-23 | 2018-01-16 | 沈阳真空技术研究所 | Vacuum consumable electrode electric arc skull crucible |
| CN111727093A (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2020-09-29 | Ald真空技术有限公司 | Remelting device and method for operating a remelting device |
| CN116426761A (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-07-14 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Electrode rod, electrode deflection resistance method and electroslag furnace |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN105861850A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-08-17 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Electrode production method for electroslag remelting furnace |
| CN105925817A (en) * | 2016-06-15 | 2016-09-07 | 重庆钢铁(集团)有限责任公司 | Fake electrode interconnecting device |
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| CN111727093A (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2020-09-29 | Ald真空技术有限公司 | Remelting device and method for operating a remelting device |
| CN111727093B (en) * | 2018-02-14 | 2022-04-15 | Ald真空技术有限公司 | Remelting device and method for operating a remelting device |
| CN116426761A (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-07-14 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Electrode rod, electrode deflection resistance method and electroslag furnace |
| CN116426761B (en) * | 2023-06-15 | 2023-10-27 | 张家港广大特材股份有限公司 | Electrode rod, electrode deflection resistance method and electroslag furnace |
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